Root domain limitation type grape rain-sheltering cultivation system and method based on agriculture and light complementation

Abstract

According to the root zone limiting type grape rain-sheltering cultivation system and method based on agriculture and light complementation, existing photovoltaic panels, prefabricated steel frames and prefabricated cement piles in a photovoltaic field are used as infrastructures, rainwater is collected and drained by installing gutters and drainage pipelines, and water accumulation is avoided; a transparent polyethylene film is installed between two adjacent rows of prefabricated steel frames to serve as a rain sheltering film, and meanwhile a reflective film is laid in a gap area of the photovoltaic panels to achieve the effects of light supplement and disease and pest prevention. Grape root systems are limited in container systems composed of plastic outer packaging bags and nutrient soil, and the container systems are arranged above the reflective film at equal intervals. A grape shed frame is constructed through the transverse pulling frame wires and the stand columns to support grape vines to grow; the rain sheltering film is fixed through a clamping spring and a clamping groove and is provided with a drainage hole connected with a drainage pipe; the high-quality and high-efficiency grape cultivation scheme is adopted, the leisure and sightseeing functions are considered, land resources under the photovoltaic panel are effectively utilized, the contradiction between grape rain-sheltering cultivation and illumination requirements in an agriculture and light complementary mode is solved, and the utilization efficiency of land and light resources is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, and in particular to a root zone restricted grape rain shelter cultivation system and method based on agricultural-photovoltaic complementarity. Background Art

[0002] In the field of agricultural cultivation technology, grape cultivation has always been an important research direction. Traditional grape cultivation methods often face problems such as insufficient light, frequent pests and diseases, and low fertilizer and water utilization efficiency, which seriously affect the yield and quality of grapes.

[0003] In recent years, with the rapid development of the photovoltaic industry, the agricultural photovoltaic complementary model has gradually become a new trend in the combination of agriculture and new energy. This model installs photovoltaic panels above the farmland, using the photovoltaic panels to generate electricity while providing shade and a suitable growth environment for crops. However, when planting grapes under photovoltaic panels, the grapes cannot receive sufficient light due to the obstruction of the photovoltaic panels, and rain will directly affect the growth and quality of the grapes. Therefore, how to achieve rain-proof cultivation of grapes under photovoltaic panels while ensuring that the grapes receive sufficient light has become a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently.

[0004] In the existing technology, although there are some studies and practices on grape rain shelter cultivation and agricultural-photovoltaic complementary models, these technologies often have some shortcomings. For example, some rain shelter facilities have complex structures, high costs, and are not conducive to the light and ventilation of grapes; other agricultural-photovoltaic complementary models fail to effectively solve the problems of inconvenient grape root management and low fertilizer and water utilization efficiency.

[0005] Specifically, among the existing grape cultivation methods, traditional open-field cultivation or simple facility cultivation is often used. These methods can achieve good results under conditions of sufficient light and suitable climate. However, under photovoltaic panels, due to limited light and the influence of rain, these methods often cannot meet the growth needs of grapes. At the same time, traditional grape cultivation methods often have no clear restrictions on root growth, resulting in low fertilizer and water utilization efficiency and difficult management.

[0006] In summary, the application of grape cultivation methods in the prior art under photovoltaic panels has many deficiencies and cannot meet the requirements of efficient and high-quality grape cultivation under the agricultural-photovoltaic complementary mode. Therefore, a new grape cultivation method is urgently needed to solve the above problems and improve the growth quality and yield of grapes under photovoltaic panels. Summary of the invention

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a root-zone restricted grape rain shelter cultivation system and method based on agricultural-photovoltaic complementarity, solve the technical problems in the field of agricultural cultivation technology, especially in grape cultivation under the agricultural-photovoltaic complementarity mode, such as insufficient light, poor rain shelter effect and low fertilizer and water utilization efficiency, and overcome the limitations of the prior art that grapes are limited in growth under photovoltaic panels, difficult to manage, and difficult to guarantee yield and quality.

[0008] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a root-restricted grape rain shelter cultivation system based on agricultural-photovoltaic complementarity, including photovoltaic field equipment for generating electricity and supporting grape trellises, the photovoltaic field equipment is covered with a rain shelter structure for providing a rain shelter environment for grapes; the gap area between photovoltaic panels is paved with a reflective and isolation system for reflecting sunlight and isolating grape roots; a grape root container system for planting grape vines is placed above the reflective and isolation system; it also includes a grape trellis structure for supporting the rain shelter structure and the growth of grape vines, and a drainage system for removing accumulated water on the rain shelter structure.

[0009] In a preferred solution, the photovoltaic field equipment includes photovoltaic panels, prefabricated steel frames and prefabricated cement piles. The photovoltaic panels are installed on the prefabricated steel frames through brackets and are tilted to maximize the reception of sunlight.

[0010] In a preferred solution, the rain shelter structure includes a rain shelter film and a retaining spring slot. The rain shelter film covers between two adjacent rows of prefabricated steel frames and is fixed to the photovoltaic support through the retaining spring slot to form a continuous rain shelter space.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, the reflective and isolation system includes a reflective film made of polyester aluminum-coated film material, which is laid in the gap area of ​​the photovoltaic panels to reflect sunlight to the grape plants, while preventing pests and diseases and blocking the direct contact between the grape roots and the original soil.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, the grape root container system includes a plastic outer packaging bag and nutrient soil filled therein, which is used to plant grape vines and is placed at a designated position above the reflective film to form a root-restricted growth environment.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, the grape trellis structure includes north-south wires and east-west wires. The north-south wires are horizontally stretched on adjacent prefabricated cement piles in the same row, and the east-west wires are arranged between the north-south wires, together forming a stable grape trellis.

[0014] In a preferred solution, the drainage system includes a gutter and a drainage pipe. The gutter is installed at the lower edge of the prefabricated steel frame and is connected to the lower edge of the photovoltaic panel and the rainproof membrane to collect rainwater and discharge it out of the system through the drainage pipe.

[0015] The root zone restricted grape rain shelter cultivation method based on agricultural-photovoltaic complementation adopts any one of the above-mentioned root zone restricted grape rain shelter cultivation systems based on agricultural-photovoltaic complementation, and the method comprises the following steps: Step 1: Install photovoltaic field equipment; Step 2: Build a rain shelter structure on the photovoltaic field equipment; Step 3: Lay the reflective and isolation system in the gap area between the photovoltaic panels; Step 4: Plant the grapes in the container system and place them above the reflective and isolating system; Step 5: Build the grape trellis structure; Step 6: Set up the drainage system.

[0016] In a preferred solution, when installing the photovoltaic field equipment in Step 1, ensure that the photovoltaic panels are installed on the prefabricated steel frame at a certain tilt angle and adjusted to the optimal lighting angle.

[0017] In a preferred solution, when building the rain shelter structure in Step 2, a rain shelter film is used to cover between two adjacent rows of prefabricated steel frames and fixed by a retaining spring slot to ensure that the rain shelter film is flat and wrinkle-free.

[0018] In a preferred solution, the rainproof film is a transparent polyethylene film, and its height and inclination angle are adjusted according to the height and angle of the photovoltaic panel to ensure that rainwater can slide down smoothly.

[0019] In a preferred solution, when laying the reflective and isolating system in Step 3, ensure that the reflective film is laid evenly in the gap area between the photovoltaic panels and the edges are fixed to prevent the reflective film from moving or being damaged.

[0020] In a preferred solution, when planting grapes in the container system in Step 4, ensure that the grape roots are intact and evenly distributed in the nutrient soil in the container. The container system is made of degradable material, cylindrical in shape, and has water holes at the bottom.

[0021] In the preferred solution, when building the grape trellis structure in Step 5, cement piers are set between the prefabricated cement piles, and the columns are fixed in the cement piers and extend upward to be rigidly fixed together with the east-west frame wires. The east-west frame wires are cross-connected with the north-south frame wires to form a stable supporting structure.

[0022] In the preferred solution, when setting up the drainage system in Step 6, a gutter is installed at the lower edge of the prefabricated steel frame and connected to the lower edge of the photovoltaic panel and the rainproof membrane to collect rainwater. Drainage holes are densely arranged on the gutter and connected to the drainage pipe to discharge the water out of the system. An inspection port is set for future maintenance and cleaning.

[0023] In a preferred embodiment, the method further includes monitoring environmental factors such as light intensity, soil moisture and temperature during the growth of grapes, and adjusting cultivation management measures according to the monitoring results. The cultivation management measures include formulating reasonable fertilization and irrigation plans according to the growth of grapes and soil conditions, and carrying out vegetable and fruit bagging in a timely manner.

[0024] In a preferred embodiment, the method further includes constructing a sightseeing green corridor in the space under the photovoltaic panels, which is achieved by specific pruning combined with wire traction technology to make the grape vines grow in a predetermined direction, setting up a sightseeing trail around the plot, and setting up leisure facilities in the sightseeing green corridor to form a sightseeing area.

[0025] The root zone restricted grape rain shelter cultivation system and method based on agricultural-photovoltaic complementation provided by the present invention have the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention solves the technical problems in the field of agricultural cultivation technology, especially in the agricultural-photovoltaic complementary mode, such as insufficient light, poor rain shelter effect, and low fertilizer and water utilization efficiency. Through a series of innovative designs, the present invention overcomes the limitations of the prior art that grapes are limited in growth under photovoltaic panels, difficult to manage, and difficult to guarantee yield and quality; 2. The reflective film of the present invention has multifunctional applications. The reflective film is not only used for supplementary light, but also plays a role in preventing pests and diseases and blocking direct contact between the root system and the original soil, thus preventing pests and diseases in the soil from being transmitted to the grapes through the root system, providing a strong guarantee for the healthy growth of grapes; 3. The application of the container system of the present invention realizes the restricted cultivation of the root zone of grapes and solves the problem of inconvenient root management; the container system can accurately control the growth range of the grape root system, making fertilizer and water management more accurate and efficient. At the same time, the container system is also easy to move and replace, reducing the difficulty and cost of management. In addition, the application of the container system also improves the utilization efficiency of fertilizer and water, reduces resource waste, and provides strong support for the efficient cultivation of grapes; 4. The combination of the rain-proof film of the present invention and the drainage system, the rain-proof film is connected with the gutter and the drainage pipe to form a complete drainage system, which can effectively drain rainwater and avoid the adverse effects of the film collapse caused by the accumulated water on the growth of grapes. At the same time, the transparent rain-proof film does not affect the lighting of the grapes, ensuring that the grapes can get sufficient light while taking shelter from the rain. This design not only improves the disaster resistance of the grapes, but also ensures the normal growth and development of the grapes; 5. The present invention not only ensures the growth of grapes, but also develops a grape planting base with leisure and sightseeing functions. This design not only enriches the connotation of agricultural tourism, but also provides tourists with a rich sightseeing experience. Tourists can enjoy the beautiful vineyard scenery in the grape planting base, understand the grape planting process and technology, and feel the fun and charm of agricultural production. The development of sightseeing functions, while ensuring the growth of grapes, develops a grape planting base with leisure and sightseeing functions; 6. The present invention successfully solves the contradiction between insufficient light for grapes under photovoltaic panels and the need for rain shelter cultivation through the effective combination of reflective film and transparent rain shelter film. The reflective film can reflect sunlight to increase the light intensity of grape leaves, while the transparent rain shelter film can ensure that the grapes get sufficient light while sheltering from rain. This design not only improves the yield and quality of grapes, but also reduces the difficulty and cost of management. 7. The present invention makes efficient use of the land resources under the photovoltaic panels and develops a grape planting base with leisure and sightseeing functions. This design not only improves the utilization efficiency of land resources, but also promotes the integrated development of agriculture and tourism. Through the construction and operation of the grape planting base, it not only increases agricultural income, but also drives the economic development of surrounding areas; 8. The present invention reduces the occurrence of diseases and insect pests by improving the growth environment of grapes. By optimizing the layout, adopting efficient materials and scientific management measures, the present invention creates a more suitable growth environment for grapes. This design not only reduces the degree of harm caused by diseases and insect pests, but also reduces the number and amount of pesticides used, providing a strong guarantee for the green production of grapes. 9. The present invention utilizes existing photovoltaic panels and prefabricated piles as infrastructure, saving support costs and reducing production costs. By rationally utilizing existing resources and technical means, the present invention achieves cost reduction and efficiency improvement in grape cultivation. This design not only improves the efficiency and competitiveness of agricultural production, but also increases income sources for farmers. 10. The implementation of the present invention effectively reduces the number of times and amount of pesticides used, reduces pesticide residues and environmental pollution. By optimizing management measures and adopting environmentally friendly materials, the present invention realizes the green development of grape cultivation. This design not only protects the ecological environment and human health, but also improves the sustainable development capacity of agricultural production; 11. The present invention develops a grape planting base with leisure and sightseeing functions, which provides tourists with a rich sightseeing experience and increases economic benefits. Through the construction and operation of the grape planting base, it not only attracts a large number of tourists to visit and experience, but also drives the development of catering, accommodation and other industries in the surrounding areas. This design not only increases the added value and economic benefits of agricultural production, but also provides farmers with more employment opportunities and income sources; 12. The technical solution of the present invention realizes the efficient cultivation of grapes under the agricultural-photovoltaic complementary mode. By solving the problems of insufficient light, inconvenient root management, conflict between rain shelter and light, and land resource utilization, the present invention achieves the effect of improving the quality and yield of grapes, reducing production costs, and achieving environmental and sightseeing benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and implementation examples: Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a side view of the working state of the present invention; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a method for fixing the rainproof film of the present invention; Figure 4 A top view of the gutter of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the retaining spring retaining groove of the present invention; Figure 6 A bird's-eye view of the tourist park of the present invention; In the figure: photovoltaic panel 1, prefabricated steel frame 2, prefabricated cement pile 3, reflective film 4, container system 5, frame wire 6, column 7, rain shelter film 8, gutter 9, drainage pipe 10, retaining spring slot 11, drainage hole 12, sightseeing area 13. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments: Example 1 like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, a root-restricted grape rain shelter cultivation system based on agricultural-photovoltaic complementarity includes photovoltaic field equipment for generating electricity and supporting grape trellises, the photovoltaic field equipment is covered with a rain shelter structure for providing a rain shelter environment for grapes; a reflective and isolating system for reflecting sunlight and isolating grape roots is laid in the gap area of ​​the photovoltaic panel 1; a grape root container system 5 for planting grape vines is placed above the reflective and isolating system; and it also includes a grape trellis structure for supporting the rain shelter structure and the growth of grape vines, and a drainage system for removing accumulated water on the rain shelter structure.

[0028] In this embodiment, the photovoltaic field equipment includes a photovoltaic panel 1, a prefabricated steel frame 2 and a prefabricated cement pile 3. The photovoltaic panel 3 is installed on the prefabricated steel frame 2 through a bracket and is tilted to maximize the reception of sunlight.

[0029] Furthermore, the rain shelter structure includes a rain shelter film 8 and a spring clip slot 11. The rain shelter film 8 covers between two adjacent rows of prefabricated steel frames 2 and is fixed to the photovoltaic support through the spring clip slot 11 to form a continuous rain shelter space.

[0030] Furthermore, the reflective and isolation system includes a reflective film 4, which is made of polyester aluminum-plated film material and is laid in the gap area of ​​the photovoltaic panel 1 to reflect sunlight to the grape plants, while preventing pests and diseases and blocking the direct contact between the grape roots and the original soil.

[0031] Furthermore, the grape root container system 5 includes a plastic outer packaging bag and nutrient soil filled therein, which is used to plant grape vines and is placed at a designated position above the reflective film 4 to form a root-restricted growth environment.

[0032] Furthermore, the grape trellis structure includes north-south wires 6 and east-west wires 6. The north-south wires 6 are horizontally stretched on adjacent prefabricated cement piles 3 in the same row, and the east-west wires 6 are arranged between the north-south wires 6, together forming a stable grape trellis.

[0033] Furthermore, the drainage system includes a gutter 9 and a drainage pipe 10. The gutter 9 is installed at the lower edge of the prefabricated steel frame 2 and connected to the lower edge of the photovoltaic panel 1 and the rainproof membrane 8 to collect rainwater and discharge it out of the system through the drainage pipe 10.

[0034] Example 2 In another preferred embodiment, based on Example 1, Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the root zone restricted grape rain shelter cultivation method based on agricultural-photovoltaic complementation adopts any one of the above-mentioned root zone restricted grape rain shelter cultivation systems based on agricultural-photovoltaic complementation, and the method comprises the following steps: Step 1: Install photovoltaic field equipment; Step 2: Build a rain shelter structure on the photovoltaic field equipment; Step 3: Lay the reflective and isolation system in the gap area of ​​PV panels 1; Step 4: Plant the grapes in the container system 5 and place it above the reflective and isolating system; Step 5: Build the grape trellis structure; Step 6: Set up the drainage system.

[0035] Furthermore, when installing the photovoltaic field equipment in Step 1, ensure that the photovoltaic panel 1 is installed on the prefabricated steel frame 2 at a certain tilt angle and adjusted to the optimal lighting angle.

[0036] Furthermore, when constructing the rain shelter structure in Step 2, a rain shelter film 8 is used to cover between two adjacent rows of prefabricated steel frames 2 and is fixed by a retaining spring slot 11 to ensure that the rain shelter film 8 is flat and wrinkle-free.

[0037] Furthermore, the rainproof film 8 is a transparent polyethylene film, and its height and tilt angle are adjusted according to the height and angle of the photovoltaic panel 1 to ensure that rainwater can slide down smoothly.

[0038] Furthermore, when laying the reflective and isolating system in Step 3, ensure that the reflective film 4 is laid evenly in the gap area of ​​the photovoltaic panel 1 and the edges are fixed to prevent the reflective film 4 from moving or being damaged.

[0039] Furthermore, when planting the grapes in the container system 5 in Step 4, ensure that the grape roots are intact and evenly distributed in the nutrient soil in the container. The container system 5 is made of a degradable material, is cylindrical in shape, and has water holes at the bottom.

[0040] Furthermore, when building the grape trellis structure in Step 5, cement piers are arranged between the 3 prefabricated cement piles, and the upright columns 7 are fixed in the cement piers and extend upward to be rigidly fixed together with the east-west frame wires 6. The east-west frame wires 6 are cross-connected with the north-south frame wires 6 to form a stable supporting structure.

[0041] Furthermore, when setting up the drainage system in Step 6, a gutter 9 is installed at the lower edge of the prefabricated steel frame 2, connected to the lower edge of the photovoltaic panel 1 and the rainproof membrane 8, for collecting rainwater. Drainage holes 12 are densely arranged on the gutter 9, connected to the drainage pipe 10, to discharge the water out of the system, and an inspection port is set for future maintenance and cleaning.

[0042] Furthermore, it also includes monitoring environmental factors such as light intensity, soil moisture and temperature during the growth of grapes, and adjusting cultivation management measures based on the monitoring results. Cultivation management measures include formulating reasonable fertilization and irrigation plans based on the growth of grapes and soil conditions, as well as timely vegetable and fruit bagging.

[0043] Furthermore, it also includes constructing a sightseeing green corridor in the space under the photovoltaic panel 1, which is achieved by specific pruning combined with the wire 6 traction technology to make the grape vines grow in a predetermined direction, setting up a sightseeing trail around the plot, and setting up leisure facilities in the sightseeing green corridor to form a sightseeing area 13.

[0044] Example 3 In another preferred embodiment, based on embodiments 1 and 2, Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the present invention provides a root zone restricted grape rain shelter cultivation system based on agricultural and light complementarity, and the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0045] 1. System composition and specific structure 1) Photovoltaic field equipment: Photovoltaic panel 1: High-efficiency monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic panel 1 is used and installed on a prefabricated steel frame 2 through a bracket. The tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel 1 is set to 17° to maximize the reception of sunlight; Prefabricated steel frame 2: made of steel material to form a stable supporting structure, on which a bracket for fixing the photovoltaic panel 1 is arranged; Prefabricated cement piles 3: As the supporting points of the prefabricated steel frame 2, they are buried underground to ensure the stability of the entire photovoltaic field equipment.

[0046] 2) Rain shelter structure: Rain shelter film 8: A high-strength, aging-resistant polyethylene rain shelter film is used to cover between two adjacent rows of prefabricated steel frames 2, and is fixed to the photovoltaic support through a spring clamping slot 11 to form a continuous rain shelter space. The edge of the rain shelter film 8 is welded with hot air technology to ensure sealing; The retaining spring retaining groove 11 is used to fix the rainproof film 8 to ensure that it will not fall off or shift under the action of wind and rain.

[0047] 3) Reflective and isolation system: Reflective film 4: Made of polyester aluminum-coated film material, it is laid in the gap area of ​​the photovoltaic panel 1 to reflect sunlight to the grape plants, increase the light intensity, and at the same time prevent pests and diseases and block the direct contact between the grape roots and the original soil. The edge of the reflective film 4 is fixed with a layering strip to ensure that it is flat and wrinkle-free.

[0048] 4) Grape root container system: Plastic outer bag: Made of thick, tear-resistant plastic material to contain the vines and their roots; Nutrient soil: filled in the plastic outer packaging bag, it provides the grape vines with the nutrients and water they need for growth; the nutrient soil is a mixture of decomposed organic fertilizer, perlite, vermiculite and other materials, and has good air permeability and water retention.

[0049] 5) Grape trellis structure: North-south wire 6: high-strength steel wire or steel strand is used and stretched horizontally on two adjacent prefabricated cement piles 3 in the same row to form a stable supporting structure; East-west frame wire 6: It is arranged between the north-south frame wire 6 as needed to further strengthen the trellis structure. Cement piers are arranged between 3 prefabricated cement piles. Vertical columns 7 are fixed in the cement piers and extend upward to be rigidly fixed to the east-west frame wire 6. The east-west frame wire 6 is cross-connected with the north-south frame wire 6 to form a stable supporting structure and serve as a supporting point for the grape branches.

[0050] 6) Drainage system: Gutter 9: Installed at the lower edge of the prefabricated steel frame 2, connected to the lower edge of the photovoltaic panel 1 and the rainproof film 8, used to collect rainwater. The gutter 9 is made of stainless steel material, which has the characteristics of corrosion resistance and aging resistance; Drainage pipe 10: connected to the drainage holes 12 closely arranged on the gutter 9, to discharge the collected rainwater out of the system. The drainage pipe is made of PVC material, which has good drainage performance and corrosion resistance.

[0051] 2. System installation and usage S1. Install photovoltaic field equipment: S1.1. According to the design requirements, bury the prefabricated cement pile 3 underground and adjust it to a vertical state; S1.2, install the prefabricated steel frame 2 on the prefabricated cement pile 3 and adjust it to a horizontal state; S1.3. Install the photovoltaic panel 1 on the prefabricated steel frame 2 through a bracket and adjust it to the optimal lighting angle.

[0052] S2. Build a rain shelter structure: S2.1, cover the rainproof film 8 between two adjacent rows of prefabricated steel frames 2, and fix it on the photovoltaic support through the spring clamping groove 11; S2.2. Check the tightness of the rainproof film 8 to ensure that there is no rain leakage.

[0053] S3. Laying reflective and isolation system: S3.1. Lay the reflective film 4 evenly in the gap area of ​​the photovoltaic panel 1 and fix the edge with a pressure strip; S3.2. Check the flatness and fixation of the reflective film 2 to ensure that there are no wrinkles or looseness.

[0054] S4. Planting grapevines: S4.1. Plant the grape vines in a plastic outer packaging bag and fill it with nutrient soil; S4.2. Place the container system containing the grapevines at a designated location above the reflective film 4.

[0055] S5. Build the grape trellis structure: S5.1. According to the design requirements, the north-south wire 6 and the east-west wire 6 are installed on the prefabricated cement piles 3 and the prefabricated steel frame 2; S5.2. Check the stability of the scaffolding structure to ensure that there is no looseness or deformation.

[0056] S6. Set up drainage system: S6.1. Install the gutter 9 on the lower edge of the prefabricated steel frame 2, connect it with the lower edge of the photovoltaic panel 1 and the rainproof film 8, and check its sealing; S6.2. Connect the drainage pipe 10 to the gutter 9 and check its drainage performance.

[0057] The present invention adopts a root-restricted grape rain-sheltered cultivation method, which limits the growth range of the grape root system through a container system, thereby improving the quality and yield of the grape; it combines agricultural-photovoltaic complementary technology, uses the photovoltaic panel 1 to generate electricity, and provides a good growth environment for the grapes, thereby achieving efficient use of energy; and a reflective and isolation system is provided, which not only increases the light intensity of the grapes, but also plays a role in preventing diseases and insects and isolating the root system.

[0058] Example 5 In order to fully demonstrate the diversity and practicality of the present invention, in another preferred embodiment, based on embodiments 1, 2, and 3, another embodiment is provided below, which is different in the type of photovoltaic panel 1, the material of the rainproof film 8, and the material of the reflective film 4.

[0059] 1) Photovoltaic panel type 1: Thin-film photovoltaic panels are used to replace monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic panels to reduce production costs and improve flexibility; 2) Rain shelter film 8 material: Use polyvinyl chloride (PVC) rain shelter film 8 to replace polyethylene rain shelter film 8 to improve weather resistance and anti-aging performance; 3) Reflective film 4 material: Use high reflectivity aluminized polyester film instead of polyester aluminized film to improve reflective efficiency and light utilization; The rest of this embodiment is the same as embodiments 1, 2, and 3, including the installation and use of the system.

[0060] In the preferred scheme, the photovoltaic field equipment includes photovoltaic panels 1, prefabricated steel frames 2 and prefabricated cement piles 3. The photovoltaic panels 3 are installed on the prefabricated steel frames 2 through brackets and are tilted to maximize the reception of sunlight. In the above arrangement, the prefabricated cement piles 3 serve as a supporting structure, which is buried deep underground to ensure stability. The prefabricated steel frames 2 are fixed to the prefabricated cement piles 3 through bolts and other connectors to form a stable installation foundation. The overall design is both efficient and easy to maintain and expand.

[0061] In the preferred scheme, the rain shelter structure includes a rain shelter film 8 and a spring clip groove 11. The rain shelter film 8 covers between two adjacent rows of prefabricated steel frames 2 and is fixed to the photovoltaic bracket through the spring clip groove 11 to form a continuous rain shelter space. The above arrangement can effectively prevent rainwater from invading the photovoltaic component installation area, ensure the stability and convenience of the installation of the rain shelter film 8, and facilitate later maintenance and replacement, thereby improving the overall stability and durability of the photovoltaic system.

[0062] In the preferred embodiment, the reflective and isolation system includes a reflective film 4, which is made of polyester aluminum-plated film material and is laid in the gap area of ​​the photovoltaic panel 1 to reflect sunlight to the grape plants, while preventing diseases and insects and blocking the direct contact between the grape roots and the original soil; the above settings effectively improve the lighting efficiency of the vineyard, reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, and protect the grape roots through physical isolation, and avoid the influence of harmful substances in the soil on the grape roots; in addition, the laying of the reflective film 4 also has a certain heat preservation effect, which can reduce heat loss at night and provide a more stable environment for grape growth, thereby further improving the yield and quality of the grapes.

[0063] In a preferred solution, the grape root container system 5 includes a plastic outer packaging bag and nutrient soil filled therein, which is used to plant grape vines and is placed at a designated position above the reflective film 4 to form a root-restricted growth environment; the above arrangement can effectively control the growth range of the grape root system, while using the reflective film 4 to increase the light intensity and improve the photosynthesis efficiency, thereby improving the yield and quality of the grapes; in addition, the system is easy to manage and move, and the position can be adjusted as needed to achieve a flexible layout of the vineyard.

[0064] In the preferred scheme, the grape trellis structure includes north-south trellis wires 6 and east-west trellis wires 6. The north-south trellis wires 6 are horizontally stretched on adjacent prefabricated cement piles 3 in the same row, and the east-west trellis wires 6 are arranged between the north-south trellis wires 6, together forming a stable grape trellis. The above arrangement allows the grape vines to be evenly distributed along the trellis wires 6, which not only ensures good ventilation and light transmission, but also facilitates pruning and management by fruit farmers, thereby improving the yield and quality of grapes, while also enhancing the trellis's ability to resist wind pressure.

[0065] In the preferred scheme, the drainage system includes a gutter 9 and a drainage pipe 10. The gutter 9 is installed at the lower edge of the prefabricated steel frame 2 and is connected to the lower edge of the photovoltaic panel 1 and the rainproof membrane 8. It is used to collect rainwater and discharge it out of the system through the drainage pipe 10. The above arrangement not only ensures that rainwater will not accumulate on the surface of the photovoltaic panel 1 or penetrate into the structure, but also realizes the resource utilization or safe discharge of rainwater through orderly discharge, effectively improves the waterproof performance and operational stability of the system, while reducing the maintenance costs and safety risks caused by floods, and ensuring the long-term and efficient operation of the photovoltaic system.

[0066] In the preferred scheme, when installing the photovoltaic field equipment in Step 1, ensure that the photovoltaic panel 1 is installed on the prefabricated steel frame 2 at a certain inclination angle and adjusted to the optimal lighting angle; the above setting can maximize the absorption of solar radiation energy and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency; at the same time, the connection between the photovoltaic panel 1 and the prefabricated steel frame 2 is fixed with high-strength bolts to ensure a stable structure and strong resistance to wind pressure.

[0067] In the preferred scheme, when building the rain shelter structure in Step 2, a rain shelter film 8 is used to cover between two adjacent rows of prefabricated steel frames 2 and is fixed by a retaining spring slot 11 to ensure that the rain shelter film 8 is flat and wrinkle-free; the above arrangement can not only effectively prevent rainwater penetration, but also keep the interior of the greenhouse ventilated and light-permeable, thereby promoting crop growth; at the same time, the detachable design of the rain shelter film 8 facilitates daily maintenance and adjustment during seasonal changes.

[0068] In the preferred scheme, the rainproof film 8 is a transparent polyethylene film, and its height and inclination angle are adjusted according to the height and angle of the photovoltaic panel 1 to ensure that rainwater can slide down smoothly; the above setting can not only effectively prevent rainwater from accumulating on the surface of the rainproof film 8, but also ensure that sunlight fully penetrates and reduces light loss. At the same time, the transparent material makes it easy for staff to observe the working status of the photovoltaic panel and facilitate maintenance.

[0069] In the preferred solution, when laying the reflective and isolation system in Step 3, ensure that the reflective film 4 is laid evenly in the gap area of ​​the photovoltaic panel 1 and the edges are fixed to prevent the reflective film 4 from moving or being damaged; the above settings can also effectively prevent the growth of weeds and improve the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panel 1; at the same time, the installation of the isolation system needs to be tightly fitted to ensure that impurities such as rainwater and dust cannot invade, further ensuring the stable operation of the photovoltaic power station.

[0070] In the preferred solution, when planting the grapes in the container system 5 in Step 4, ensure that the grape root system is intact and evenly distributed in the nutrient soil in the container. The container system 5 is made of degradable material, cylindrical in shape, and has water holes at the bottom. The above arrangement not only ensures a good growth environment for the grapes, but also facilitates the discharge of excess water. At the same time, the degradable material can also reduce environmental pollution and achieve green planting. In addition, the cylindrical design of the container system 5 not only saves space, but also makes the grape plants receive light more evenly, which is beneficial to the coloring and quality improvement of the fruit.

[0071] In the preferred solution, when building the grape trellis structure in Step 5, cement piers are arranged between the three prefabricated cement piles, and upright posts 7 are fixed in the cement piers and extend upward to be rigidly fixed together with the east-west wires 6, and the east-west wires 6 are cross-connected with the north-south wires 6 to form a stable supporting structure; the above arrangement ensures that the grape vines can be evenly distributed and receive sufficient sunlight; at the same time, a hook with adjustable height is also installed on the top of the upright post 7, which is convenient for adjusting the height of the wires 6 according to the growth conditions of the grapes, further optimizing the growth environment of the grapes.

[0072] In the preferred scheme, when setting up the drainage system in Step 6, a gutter 9 is installed at the lower edge of the prefabricated steel frame 2, connected to the lower edges of the photovoltaic panel 1 and the rainproof membrane 8, for collecting rainwater. Drainage holes 12 are densely arranged on the gutter 9, connected to the drainage pipe 10, to discharge the water out of the system, and an inspection port is set for future maintenance and cleaning; the above settings ensure that rainwater can be discharged quickly and smoothly, effectively avoiding the problem of water accumulation. At the same time, the setting of the inspection port is convenient for the staff to regularly check the status of the gutter and drainage system, promptly discover and deal with potential problems, and ensure the stable operation of the entire system.

[0073] The preferred solution also includes monitoring environmental factors such as light intensity, soil moisture and temperature during the growth of grapes, and adjusting cultivation management measures based on the monitoring results. The cultivation management measures include formulating reasonable fertilization and irrigation plans based on the growth of grapes and soil conditions, as well as timely bagging of fruits and vegetables. The above settings can significantly improve the yield and quality of grapes. At the same time, an intelligent pest and disease monitoring system is introduced to promptly detect and deal with pest and disease problems, reduce the use of pesticides, and ensure the green health of grapes.

[0074] The preferred scheme also includes constructing a sightseeing green corridor in the space under the photovoltaic panel 1, which is achieved by specific pruning combined with the wire 6 traction technology to make the grape vines grow in a predetermined direction, setting up a sightseeing trail around the plot, and setting up leisure facilities in the sightseeing green corridor to form a sightseeing area 13; the above settings not only make full use of the idle space under the photovoltaic panel 1, but also promote the integrated development of local ecological agriculture and tourism, provide tourists with a new place to get close to nature and experience the fun of agriculture, and also create additional economic benefits for the local area; in addition, specific pruning technology optimizes the branch and leaf structure of the grape vine, improves the efficiency of photosynthesis, and further promotes the ripening of the fruit. Combined with meteorological data forecasts, the picking time is reasonably arranged to ensure that the grapes are harvested in the best flavor period. Under the combined effect of these comprehensive measures, not only the overall efficiency of the vineyard is improved, but also the ecological environment is protected and sustainable development is achieved.

[0075] In summary, the root-zone restricted grape rain shelter cultivation system and method based on agricultural-photovoltaic complementarity proposed in the present invention solves the technical problems in the field of agricultural cultivation technology, especially in grape cultivation under the agricultural-photovoltaic complementarity mode, such as insufficient light, poor rain shelter effect, and low fertilizer and water utilization efficiency, and overcomes the limitations of the prior art that grapes are limited in growth under photovoltaic panels, difficult to manage, and difficult to guarantee yield and quality; the technical solution of the present invention combines the land resources under the photovoltaic panel 1, realizes the complementarity of grape rain shelter cultivation and photovoltaic power generation, thereby efficiently utilizing land resources and improving the comprehensive benefits of agricultural production. This innovative solution overcomes the insufficient light and safety hazards existing in previous planting under the photovoltaic panel 1 The invention solves the technical problems such as the above problems, and provides a new development idea for the agricultural-photovoltaic complementary model. In terms of specific implementation, the invention cleverly uses prefabricated cement piles 3 as the columns of the grape trellis, which not only saves the cost of the bracket, but also has a stable structure and is easy to build. The rainproof film 8 is connected with the gutter 9 and the drainage pipe 10 to form a complete drainage system, which effectively avoids the risk of the film being collapsed by accumulated water and ensures the rainproof effect. At the same time, the transparent rainproof film 8 will not interfere with the natural lighting of the grapes, ensuring the normal growth of the grapes. The three uses of the reflective film 4 (light supplement, pest control, and blocking the direct contact between the root system and the original soil) is another highlight of the invention. By covering the gap area of ​​the photovoltaic panel 1 with the reflective film 4 , which can not only effectively solve the problem of insufficient light under the photovoltaic panel 1, but also play a role in preventing diseases and insects, while blocking the direct contact between the grape roots and the original soil, making it easier to carry out root-restricted cultivation management; in addition, the present invention creatively proposes a root-restricted grape cultivation method under the photovoltaic panel 1, and controls the growth environment of the grape roots through the container system 5, accurately regulates the nutrient and water supply status, thereby improving the efficiency of fertilizer and water utilization, and realizing the refined management of grapes. This cultivation method not only improves the yield and quality of grapes, but also reduces the difficulty of management, and provides strong support for the intelligence and modernization of agricultural production; in terms of structural design, the present invention creatively adopts rain shelter The fixing method of the membrane 8 and the spring clamping groove 11 is simple and stable, which not only realizes the rainproof function, but also saves space and materials. The setting of the gutter 9 cleverly combines the functions of drainage and fixing the rainproof membrane 8, further reflecting the superiority of the present invention in structural design; it is worth mentioning that the technical solution of the present invention also fully considers the development needs of sightseeing agriculture. By building a grape trellis under the photovoltaic panel 1 and planting grapes, it not only realizes the purpose of agricultural-photovoltaic complementarity and efficient use of land resources, but also creates a grape planting base with leisure and sightseeing functions. This innovative measure not only enriches the connotation and extension of agricultural production, but also provides new impetus for the development of rural tourism and sightseeing agriculture.The root-zone restricted grape rain shelter cultivation system and method based on agricultural-photovoltaic complementation proposed in the present invention has significant technical advantages and practical application value. It not only solves the technical problems existing in grape cultivation under the agricultural-photovoltaic complementation mode, but also promotes the innovation and transformation and upgrading of agricultural production methods. It is believed that in future agricultural production practices, this innovative technology will be more widely used and promoted. ;

Claims

1. A root-zone restricted grape rain-sheltered cultivation system based on agricultural-photovoltaic complementation, characterized by: The system comprises a photovoltaic field device for generating electric energy and supporting a grape trellis, the photovoltaic field device being covered with a rain shelter structure for providing a rain shelter environment for grapes; a reflective and isolating system for reflecting sunlight and isolating grape roots is laid in the gap area between the photovoltaic panels (1); a grape root container system (5) for planting grape vines is placed above the reflective and isolating system; and the system also comprises a grape trellis structure for supporting the rain shelter structure and the growth of grape vines, and a drainage system for draining water accumulated on the rain shelter structure.

2. The root zone restricted grape rain shelter cultivation system based on agricultural and light complementation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photovoltaic field equipment comprises a photovoltaic panel (1), a prefabricated steel frame (2) and a prefabricated cement pile (3); the photovoltaic panel (3) is installed on the prefabricated steel frame (2) via a bracket and is tilted to maximize the reception of sunlight.

3. The root zone restricted grape rain shelter cultivation system based on agricultural and light complementation according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The rain shelter structure comprises a rain shelter film (8) and a spring clip slot (11); the rain shelter film (8) covers between two adjacent rows of prefabricated steel frames (2) and is fixed to the photovoltaic support via the spring clip slot (11), thereby forming a continuous rain shelter space.

4. The root zone restricted grape rain shelter cultivation system based on agricultural and light complementation according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The reflective and isolating system comprises a reflective film (4), which is made of a polyester aluminum-plated film material and is laid in the gap area of ​​the photovoltaic panel (1) to reflect sunlight to the grape plants, thereby preventing pests and diseases and blocking the direct contact between the grape roots and the original soil.

5. The root zone restricted grape rain shelter cultivation system based on agricultural and light complementation according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The grape root container system (5) comprises a plastic outer packaging bag and nutrient soil filled therein, is used to plant grape vines, and is placed at a designated position above the reflective film (4) to form a root-restricted growth environment.

6. The root zone restricted grape rain shelter cultivation system based on agricultural and light complementation according to claim 5, characterized in that: The grape trellis structure comprises north-south trellis wires (6) and east-west trellis wires (6), the north-south trellis wires (6) being stretched horizontally on adjacent prefabricated cement piles (3) in the same row, and the east-west trellis wires (6) being arranged between the north-south trellis wires (6), together forming a stable grape trellis.

7. The root zone restricted grape rain shelter cultivation system based on agricultural and light complementation according to claim 6, characterized in that: The drainage system comprises a gutter (9) and a drainage pipe (10); the gutter (9) is installed at the lower edge of the prefabricated steel frame (2) and is connected to the lower edge of the photovoltaic panel (1) and the rainproof membrane (8) to collect rainwater and discharge it outside the system through the drainage pipe (10).

8. A root-zone restricted grape rain-sheltered cultivation method based on agricultural-photovoltaic complementation, characterized in that: The root zone restricted grape rain shelter cultivation system based on agricultural-photovoltaic complementation according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is adopted, and the method comprises the following steps: Step 1: Install photovoltaic field equipment; Step 2: Build a rain shelter structure on the photovoltaic field equipment; Step 3: Lay a reflective and isolating system in the gap area between the photovoltaic panels (1); Step 4: Plant the grapes in the container system (5) and place it above the reflective and isolating system; Step 5: Build the grape trellis structure; Step 6: Set up the drainage system.

9. The root zone restricted grape rain shelter cultivation method based on agricultural-photovoltaic complementation according to claim 8, characterized in that: When installing the photovoltaic field equipment in Step 1, ensure that the photovoltaic panel (1) is installed on the prefabricated steel frame (2) at a certain tilt angle and adjusted to the optimal lighting angle.

10. The root zone restricted grape rain shelter cultivation method based on agricultural and light complementation according to claim 8, characterized in that: When constructing the rain shelter structure in Step 2, a rain shelter film (8) is used to cover between two adjacent rows of prefabricated steel frames (2) and is fixed by means of a spring clamping groove (11) to ensure that the rain shelter film (8) is flat and wrinkle-free; the rain shelter film (8) is a transparent polyethylene film, and its height and tilt angle are adjusted according to the height and angle of the photovoltaic panel (1) to ensure that rainwater can slide off smoothly.

11. The root zone restricted grape rain shelter cultivation method based on agricultural and light complementation according to claim 8, characterized in that: When laying the reflective and isolating system in Step 3, ensure that the reflective film (4) is laid evenly in the gap area of ​​the photovoltaic panel (1) and the edges are fixed to prevent the reflective film (4) from moving or being damaged.

12. The root zone restricted grape rain shelter cultivation method based on agricultural and light complementation according to claim 8, characterized in that: When planting the grapes in the container system (5) in Step 4, ensure that the grape root system is intact and evenly distributed in the nutrient soil in the container. The container system (5) is made of a degradable material, is cylindrical in shape, and has water permeable holes at the bottom.

13. The root zone restricted grape rain shelter cultivation method based on agricultural and light complementation according to claim 8, characterized in that: When the grape trellis structure is constructed in Step 5, cement piers are arranged between the prefabricated cement piles (3), and upright posts (7) are fixed in the cement piers and extend upward to be rigidly fixed together with the east-west frame wires (6), and the east-west frame wires (6) are cross-connected with the north-south frame wires (6) to form a stable supporting structure.

14. The root zone restricted grape rain shelter cultivation method based on agricultural and light complementation according to claim 8, characterized in that: When setting up the drainage system in Step 6, a gutter (9) is installed at the lower edge of the prefabricated steel frame (2) and connected to the lower edge of the photovoltaic panel (1) and the rainproof membrane (8) to collect rainwater. Drain holes (12) are densely arranged on the gutter (9) and connected to the drainage pipe (10) to drain water out of the system. An inspection port is provided to facilitate future maintenance and cleaning.

15. The root zone restricted grape rain shelter cultivation method based on agricultural and light complementation according to claim 8, characterized in that: The cultivation method also includes monitoring environmental factors such as light intensity, soil moisture and temperature during the growth of grapes, and adjusting cultivation management measures based on the monitoring results. The cultivation management measures include formulating reasonable fertilization and irrigation plans based on the growth of grapes and soil conditions, as well as timely bagging of fruits and vegetables.

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