Formula and preparation method of tadpole feed

Abstract

The tadpole feed is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 8%-12% of tenebrio molitor powder, 26%-32% of soybean meal, 8%-11% of broad bean powder, 1%-3% of probiotic liquid, 0.5%-1.5% of sarmentose pepper herb extract and the balance of whole wheat flour. The probiotic liquid is obtained by mixing and culturing lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes and photosynthetic bacteria; the piper sarmentosum extract is obtained by soaking and extracting roots and / or stems of piper sarmentosum with ethanol. The tenebrio molitor powder, the soybean meal, the whole wheat flour, the broad bean powder, the probiotic liquid and the sarmentose pepper herb extract are selected as components of the tadpole feed and are scientifically proportioned, the formula comprehensively considers the growth requirements of tadpoles, enough plant and animal protein can be provided, the immunity and disease resistance can be improved through the probiotic liquid and the sarmentose pepper herb extract, and the tadpole feed is suitable for being used for tadpoles. On the basis of reducing the dosage of animal protein sources, the survival rate and metamorphosis rate of tadpoles can be further improved, the cost is reduced, and the preparation method is simple, obvious in effect and suitable for industrial production.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of animal feed, and in particular to a tadpole feed formula and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Tadpoles are the larvae of most amphibians of the family Ranidae in the order Anura, also known as frog eggs. The newly hatched tadpoles have a spindle-shaped body, no limbs, mouth, or internal gills, a long flat tail, external gills on both sides of the head, which have the function of breathing, and a suction cup under the head that can be attached to water plants. Tadpoles are sensitive to the external environment and like to grow in dim and quiet places. Most tadpoles use the keratinous teeth in the mouth to scrape algae for a living, and some tadpoles feed on the corpses of small animals such as earthworms and beetles; some species of tadpoles do not have keratinous teeth, such as the small rain frog and the black Monsieur's small rain frog, and mainly filter plankton in the water for food.

[0003] The tadpole stage is an important period of larval development. The quality of feeding and management during this period determines the growth and development of tadpoles and the number of metamorphosed froglets produced. However, existing tadpole feeds generally have the following problems: (1) Insufficient protein quality. Most tadpole feeds are mainly plant protein and lack the necessary high-quality animal protein, which leads to slow growth of tadpoles and insufficient nutrients in the body; (2) Poor immunity. Existing feeds lack effective immune-enhancing ingredients. Tadpoles are easily infected by pathogens, leading to disease outbreaks and affecting breeding benefits; (3) Single ingredients. Traditional feeds usually lack comprehensive nutritional support and cannot meet the needs of tadpoles at various growth stages, affecting their healthy development. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to propose a tadpole feed formula and preparation method, aiming to improve the protein quality, immunity and disease resistance of tadpoles and adult frogs by adding natural and efficient ingredients.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is achieved in this way: A tadpole feed, comprising the following raw materials by weight percentage: 8% to 12% yellow mealworm powder, 26% to 32% soybean powder, 8% to 11% broad bean powder, 1% to 3% probiotic liquid, 0.5% to 1.5% pseudokonjac extract and the remainder whole wheat flour; The probiotic liquid is obtained by mixed culture of lactic acid bacteria, yeast and photosynthetic bacteria; the mass ratio of the lactic acid bacteria, yeast and photosynthetic bacteria is 3-5:3-5:1-2; The pseudocong extract is obtained by soaking and extracting the root and / or stem of pseudocong by ethanol.

[0006] The probiotics used in the present invention are a composite microbial preparation that can produce beneficial microbial communities through a fermentation process and regulate the intestinal microecological balance. The probiotic liquid can not only promote the balance of the tadpole's intestinal microbial community, but also enhance its immunity and disease resistance. Adding an appropriate amount can significantly improve the tadpole's tolerance to environmental stress and disease prevention effects.

[0007] Fake Konjac ( Piper sarmentosum Roxb. .) is a plant commonly used to improve immunity. It contains a variety of effective ingredients, such as flavonoids and saponins, which can enhance immune function and disease resistance. The amount of extracted Pseudocongol extract should be controlled within a certain range. Excessive addition may cause the feed to have a strong taste, which will reduce the acceptance of tadpoles. The addition of Pseudocongol extract can improve the immunity of tadpoles and adult frogs, and has a good effect in preventing diseases and insects.

[0008] A further solution is that, by weight percentage, the raw materials are as follows: 8% to 12% mealworm powder, 28% to 30% soybean powder, 9% to 10% broad bean powder, 1% to 2% probiotic liquid, 0.5% to 1.2% pseudocone extract and the remainder whole wheat flour.

[0009] A further solution is that, by weight percentage, the raw materials are as follows: 8% to 12% mealworm powder, 28% to 30% soybean powder, 9% to 10% broad bean powder, 1% to 2% probiotic liquid, 0.8% to 1% pseudokonjac extract and the remainder whole wheat flour.

[0010] A further solution is that the preparation method of the probiotic liquid includes mixing lactic acid bacteria, yeast and photosynthetic bacteria, adding sugar sources and minerals, adjusting the pH value, fermenting at 28-55°C for 3-7 days, filtering, and obtaining the probiotic liquid; the fermentation time needs to be controlled to avoid insufficient activity due to being too short and decomposition of some effective ingredients due to being too long.

[0011] The sugar source includes at least one of molasses, glucose or sucrose; The minerals include at least one of calcium, magnesium, potassium or sodium.

[0012] A further solution is that, based on the weight of the fermentation liquid, the added amount of the sugar source is 2wt%~4wt%, and the added amount of the mineral is 0.2wt%~0.8wt%.

[0013] A further embodiment is that the lactic acid bacteria include Lactobacillus plantarum ( Lactobacillus plantarum ), the yeast includes Saccharomyces cerevisiae ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae ), the photosynthetic bacteria include Rhodopseudomonas palustris ( Rhodopseudomonas palustris ).

[0014] A further solution is that the preparation method of the pseudocong extract comprises taking the root and / or stem of the pseudocong, crushing it, adding a volume concentration of 70% to 80% ethanol solution for immersion extraction for 40 to 50 hours, filtering, and concentrating the extract to a mass concentration of 18% to 25%; the concentrated extract has a higher concentration of active ingredients and can effectively enhance the immunity of tadpoles.

[0015] The present invention provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned tadpole feed, comprising the following steps: S1: According to the formula, yellow mealworm powder, soybean powder, whole wheat powder and broad bean powder are mixed and crushed to obtain a crushed material; this step can ensure that the active ingredients of the probiotics in the feed are not destroyed and maintain the effectiveness of the pseudokonjac extract; S2: adding probiotic solution and Pseudocongol extract to the crushed material, mixing, and drying at 40-50° C. for 4-6 h to obtain the tadpole feed; during the addition of the probiotic solution and Pseudocongol extract, excessively high temperature will lead to the destruction of active ingredients, so the drying temperature of the feed must be strictly controlled.

[0016] A further solution is that in step S1, the particles are crushed to a size of 60-100 meshes.

[0017] The present invention also provides application of the tadpole feed in improving the protein content of tadpoles.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The invention selects yellow mealworm powder, soybean powder, whole wheat powder, broad bean powder, probiotic liquid and pseudoconch extract as components of tadpole feed, and scientifically proportions the formula, which comprehensively considers the growth requirements of tadpoles, can provide sufficient plant and animal proteins, and can enhance immunity and disease resistance through the probiotic liquid and pseudoconch extract, and can further improve the survival rate and metamorphosis rate of tadpoles on the basis of reducing the dosage of animal protein sources, and has reduced costs, a simple preparation method, obvious effects and is suitable for industrial production. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0020] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the embodiments of the present invention are all conventional methods.

[0021] Unless otherwise specified, the materials, reagents, etc. used in the embodiments of the present invention can be obtained from commercial sources.

[0022] The plant lactobacillus used in the embodiment of the present invention ( Lactobacillus plantarum )、Saccharomyces cerevisiae( Saccharomyces cerevisiae ) and Rhodopseudomonas palustris ( Rhodopseudomonas palustris ), purchased from Shandong Xinxiong Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0023] Activated cultured Lactobacillus plantarum ( Lactobacillus plantarum )、Saccharomyces cerevisiae( Saccharomyces cerevisiae ) and Rhodopseudomonas palustris ( Rhodopseudomonas palustris ) were greater than 1×10 6 CFU.

[0024] Example 1 The tadpole feed formula (by mass percentage) is shown in Table 1 below.

[0025] Table 1 Recipe

[0026] The preparation method of the above-mentioned formula 1-7 tadpole feed is as follows: (1) Mixing and preliminary crushing: Mealworm powder, soybean powder, whole wheat powder and broad bean powder are mixed in a predetermined ratio and initially pulverized to 80 meshes to ensure uniform particles that are easy to digest and absorb.

[0027] (2) Preparation and addition of probiotic solution: Take activated cultured Lactobacillus plantarum ( Lactobacillus plantarum )、Saccharomyces cerevisiae( Saccharomyces cerevisiae ) and Rhodopseudomonas palustris ( Rhodopseudomonas palustris ), mix them in proportion (4:4:2), add molasses (3% of the total fermentation liquid) and appropriate amount of minerals (0.5% of the total fermentation liquid, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, potassium sulfate, sodium chloride ratio of 4:2:2:2), adjust the pH value to within the range of 5.5-6.5, and then ferment at a suitable temperature of 32℃-35℃ for 6 days. The liquid has a certain fermentation smell and no obvious impurities. The fermentation is completed and filtered to obtain a clear probiotic liquid.

[0028] (3) Ethanol extraction of Pseudoconazole extract: Select high-quality pseudocone rhizomes, clean and cut them, soak them in 75% volume concentration ethanol as a solvent, and extract them for 48 hours. After soaking, filter them and concentrate the extract to about 20% concentration.

[0029] (4) Mixing and drying: Mix all the raw materials and additives evenly to ensure that each portion of feed can obtain balanced nutrition. After mixing, put the feed into the drying equipment. The drying temperature should be controlled between 40-50℃ and the drying time is 5 hours.

[0030] Test Example 1 Tadpoles with a body length of 2.8-3.5 cm and a body weight of 0.4-0.6 g were selected as research subjects, and tadpoles that had been temporarily raised were randomly selected and grouped, with 120 tadpoles in each group, 3 replicates in each group, and 40 tadpoles in each replicate. The tadpoles were fed the feed prepared in Example 1 above, with a daily feeding amount of 3%-4% of the tadpole body weight, twice a day, and cultured for 10 weeks, and the breeding conditions were counted.

[0031] Survival rate (%) = number of tadpoles at the end of the experiment / number of tadpoles before the start of the experiment × 100%; Metamorphosis rate (%) = number of tadpoles that successfully metamorphosed / number of tadpoles before the experiment began × 100%.

[0032] Table 2 Growth of tadpoles

[0033] As shown in Table 2 above, with the increase of the amount of the pseudocong extract in the feed formula, the survival rate and metamorphosis rate of tadpoles are improved. The addition of the pseudocong extract can improve the immunity of tadpoles, and has a good disease and insect prevention effect, which helps to improve the survival rate and metamorphosis rate of tadpoles. Too much addition of the pseudocong extract is likely to lead to enhanced feed taste, reduce the acceptance of tadpoles, and then the survival rate and metamorphosis rate of tadpoles are affected to a certain extent. The present invention selects yellow mealworm powder, soybean powder, whole wheat flour, broad bean powder, probiotic liquid and pseudocong extract as components of tadpole feed, scientifically proportioned, reduces the amount of animal protein source, reduces cost, and has a simple preparation method, which is suitable for industrial production.

[0034] Test Example 2 After the experiment, 30 tadpoles (Gosner stage 43-46) were randomly selected from each group, and the heads, blood, internal organs, and skeletal muscles were removed, dried and crushed, and the protein content was determined by the Kjeldahl method according to GB / T 6432-2018.

[0035] Table 3 Protein content of tadpoles

[0036] As can be seen from Table 3 above, when different amounts of Pseudocongol extract are added to the feed, the protein content of tadpoles is different. Adding a certain amount of Pseudocongol extract is helpful to increase the protein content of tadpoles.

[0037] Example 2 The tadpole feed formula (by mass percentage) is shown in Table 4 below.

[0038] Table 4 Recipe

[0039] The preparation methods of the above-mentioned formula 8-9 tadpole feeds are the same as those of Example 1; In formula 10, the preparation method of the probiotic solution is different, as follows: (1) Mixing and preliminary crushing: Mealworm powder, soybean powder, whole wheat powder and broad bean powder are mixed in a predetermined ratio and initially pulverized to 80 meshes to ensure uniform particles that are easy to digest and absorb.

[0040] (2) Preparation and addition of probiotic solution: Take activated cultured Bifidobacterium ( Bifidobacterium ) and Bacillus subtilis ( Bacillus subtle ), mix them in proportion (4:4), add molasses (3% of the total fermentation liquid) and appropriate amount of minerals (0.5% of the total fermentation liquid, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, potassium sulfate, sodium chloride ratio of 4:2:2:2), adjust the pH value to within the range of 5.5-6.5, and then ferment at a suitable temperature of 32℃-35℃ for 6 days. The liquid has a certain fermentation smell and no obvious impurities. The fermentation is completed and filtered to obtain a clear probiotic liquid.

[0041] (3) Ethanol extraction of Pseudoconazole extract: Select high-quality pseudocone rhizomes, clean and cut them, soak them in 75% volume concentration ethanol as a solvent, and extract them for 48 hours. After soaking, filter them and concentrate the extract to about 20% concentration.

[0042] (4) Mixing and drying: Mix all the raw materials and additives evenly to ensure that each portion of feed can obtain balanced nutrition. After mixing, put the feed into the drying equipment. The drying temperature should be controlled between 40-50℃ and the drying time is 5 hours.

[0043] According to the experimental method of Test Example 1, after testing, the metamorphosis rates of tadpoles fed with tadpole feeds of Formula 8-9 were 68.3% and 78.3%, respectively, and the metamorphosis rate of tadpoles fed with tadpole feed of Formula 10 was 82.5%. Compared with Formula 5, adding probiotic liquid to the feed formula of Formula 8-9 helps to increase the metamorphosis rate of tadpoles, and different probiotics also have different effects on tadpoles.

[0044] The above is a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that a person skilled in the art can make several improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tadpole feed, characterized in that: The raw materials are as follows by weight percentage: 8% to 12% yellow mealworm powder, 26% to 32% soybean powder, 8% to 11% broad bean powder, 1% to 3% probiotic liquid, 0.5% to 1.5% pseudocone extract and the balance whole wheat flour; The preparation method of the probiotic liquid comprises mixing lactic acid bacteria, yeast and photosynthetic bacteria, adding a sugar source and minerals, adjusting the pH value, fermenting at 28-55° C. for 3-7 days, filtering, and obtaining the probiotic liquid; The sugar source includes at least one of molasses, glucose or sucrose; The minerals include at least one of calcium, magnesium, potassium or sodium; The mass ratio of the lactic acid bacteria, yeast and photosynthetic bacteria is 3-5:3-5:1-2; The preparation method of the pseudocong extract comprises taking the root and / or stem of the pseudocong, crushing it, adding an ethanol solution with a volume concentration of 70% to 80% for immersion extraction for 40 to 50 hours, filtering it, and concentrating the extract to a mass concentration of 18% to 25%.

2. A tadpole feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: Calculated by weight percentage, the raw materials are as follows: 8% to 12% mealworm powder, 28% to 30% soybean powder, 9% to 10% broad bean powder, 1% to 2% probiotic liquid, 0.5% to 1.2% pseudokonjac extract and the remainder whole wheat flour.

3. A tadpole feed according to claim 2, characterized in that, Calculated by weight percentage, the raw materials are as follows: 8% to 12% yellow mealworm powder, 28% to 30% soybean powder, 9% to 10% broad bean powder, 1% to 2% probiotic liquid, 0.8% to 1% pseudokonjac extract and the remainder whole wheat flour.

4. A tadpole feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: Based on the weight of the fermentation liquid, the added amount of the sugar source is 2wt%~4wt%, and the added amount of the mineral is 0.2wt%~0.8wt%.

5. A tadpole feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lactic acid bacteria include Lactobacillus plantarum ( Lactobacillus plantarum ), the yeast includes Saccharomyces cerevisiae ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae ), the photosynthetic bacteria include Rhodopseudomonas palustris ( Rhodopseudomonas palustris ).

6. The method for preparing the tadpole feed according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The steps include: S1: According to the formula, yellow mealworm powder, soybean powder, whole wheat powder and broad bean powder are mixed and crushed to obtain a crushed material; S2: adding the probiotic solution and the Pseudoconazole extract to the crushed material, mixing, and drying at 40-50° C. for 4-6 h to obtain the tadpole feed.

7. The method for preparing tadpole feed according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S1, the powder is crushed to 60-100 mesh.

8. Use of the tadpole feed according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in improving the protein content of tadpoles.

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