Chinese mugwort powder safe to eat and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses Chinese mugwort powder safe to eat and a preparation method of the Chinese mugwort powder, and belongs to the technical field of food. The preparation method of the Chinese mugwort powder comprises the following steps: S1, soaking Chinese mugwort leaves, and washing the Chinese mugwort leaves to obtain cleaned Chinese mugwort leaves; s2, the cleaned Chinese mugwort leaves are put into alkali liquor to be subjected to alkali boiling treatment, and Chinese mugwort leaves subjected to alkali boiling are obtained; s3, soaking the Chinese mugwort subjected to soda boiling in water to obtain soaked Chinese mugwort leaves; and S4, sequentially chopping, grinding, concentrating and drying the soaked Chinese mugwort leaves to obtain the Chinese mugwort powder. The Chinese mugwort leaves are subjected to soda boiling treatment, toxic substances in the Chinese mugwort leaves can be rapidly and efficiently removed, the non-toxic Chinese mugwort powder is finally prepared, and the Chinese mugwort powder is rich in protein, dietary fiber, flavone, polyphenol and polysaccharide and has high nutritional value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of food, and in particular relates to edible safe Qi Ai powder and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Artemisia selengensis Artemisia argyi Qiai) is a cultivar of mugwort (Artemisia argyi), which is produced in Qichun, Hubei and its surrounding areas (formerly known as Qizhou). It grows in the hilly areas along the Yangtze River. It is a national geographical indication product of China and one of the four famous mugworts in China. According to the "Qichun County Chronicles", Qiai is planted in all parts of Qichun County, especially in the ridges and edges of fields facing the water and the sun. With the development of the big health industry, the important contribution of Qiai to human health has become increasingly prominent. Studies have shown that fresh Qiai leaves have high nutritional value. They are rich in protein, crude fiber, total flavonoids, total phenolic acids, tannins, terpenes, polysaccharides, multiple vitamins (carotene, vitamin B1, B2, C) and trace elements (calcium, magnesium, potassium, iron, zinc, manganese, aluminum, nickel, selenium) and other ingredients, indicating that Qiai can be used as a food raw material with high nutritional value.

[0003] At present, studies have shown that when rats are fed fresh Qi Ai directly into the stomach, they will experience breathing difficulties, abdominal bloating, loose stools and other symptoms, and even die. The above research results show that Qi Ai contains toxic substances. If consumed directly, it will cause poisoning and harm to humans or animals.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a new preparation process of edible safe Qi Ai powder to solve the problems existing in the prior art. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a safe edible Qi Ai powder and a preparation method thereof. In the present invention, non-toxic Qi Ai powder is prepared by a specific preparation method, and the Qi Ai powder contains rich protein, dietary fiber, flavonoids, polyphenols and polysaccharides, and has high nutritional value.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing edible safe Qi Ai powder, comprising the following steps: S1, soaking Qi Ai leaves, and rinsing to obtain cleaned Qi Ai leaves; S2, putting the cleaned Qi Ai leaves into alkali solution for alkali boiling to obtain alkali-boiled Qi Ai leaves; S3, soaking the alkali-boiled Qi Ai leaves in water to obtain soaked Qi Ai leaves; S4, chopping, grinding, concentrating and drying the soaked Qi Ai leaves in sequence to obtain Qi Ai powder; wherein, in step S2, the alkali solution includes a NaHCO3 solution.

[0007] In the present invention, the inventors have found that when rats are directly gavaged with fresh Qi Ai, the rats will experience symptoms such as dyspnea, abdominal bloating, loose stools, and even death. Therefore, directly using fresh Qi Ai as a food raw material may have an impact on the health of humans or animals. Based on this, in the present invention, by alkali boiling Qi Ai leaves, toxic substances in Qi Ai leaves can be quickly and efficiently removed, and non-toxic Qi Ai powder is finally prepared, and the Qi Ai powder is rich in protein, dietary fiber, flavonoids, polyphenols and polysaccharides, and has high nutritional value.

[0008] In some embodiments, in step S1, the Qi Ai leaves are fresh tender stems and leaves at the top of Qi Ai, and the Qi Ai leaves are picked around the Qingming Festival.

[0009] In some preferred embodiments, the length of the tender stems and leaves at the top of Artemisia argyi is 5-10 cm, for example, 5 cm, 6 cm, 7 cm, 8 cm, 9 cm, 10 cm or other values ​​within this range.

[0010] It should be noted that the leaves that are yellow or moldy or have too many insect eggs should be removed to avoid affecting the performance of the prepared Qi Ai powder.

[0011] In the present invention, the term "before and after Qingming Festival" refers to Qingming Festival and 1-10 days before and after the festival, for example, it can be 1d, 3d, 5d, 7d, 10d or other values ​​within the range.

[0012] In some embodiments, in step S1, the soaking treatment step specifically includes: soaking for 3-10 minutes in a sodium chloride solution with a mass concentration of 0.5-1.5% (for example, 0.5%, 0.7%, 1%, 1.3%, 1.5% or other values ​​within the range), for example, 3 minutes, 5 minutes, 7 minutes, 10 minutes or other values ​​within the range.

[0013] In some embodiments, in step S2, the mass concentration of the alkali solution is 0.5-1.5%, for example, it can be 0.5%, 0.7%, 1%, 1.3%, 1.5% or other values ​​within this range; and the mass ratio of the alkali solution to the washed Qi Artemisia argyi leaves is (5-15):1, for example, it can be 5:1, 7:1, 10:1, 13:1, 15:1 or other ratios within this range.

[0014] In some embodiments, in step S2, the alkali boiling treatment step specifically includes: alkali boiling for 5-15 minutes, for example, 5 minutes, 7 minutes, 10 minutes, 13 minutes, 15 minutes or other values ​​within the range, at a temperature of 90-95°C (for example, 90°C, 91°C, 92°C, 93°C, 94°C, 95°C or other values ​​within the range).

[0015] In some preferred embodiments, stirring is also required during the alkali boiling process. The stirring can be adjusted according to actual use needs, for example, manual stirring or mechanical automatic stirring can be used.

[0016] In some embodiments, in step S3, the mass ratio of water to the alkali-boiled Artemisia argyi is (80-120):1, for example, it can be 80:1, 90:1, 100:1, 110:1, 120:1 or other ratios within this range; the soaking time is 10-60 min, for example, it can be 10 min, 20 min, 30 min, 40 min, 50 min, 60 min or other values ​​within this range.

[0017] In the present invention, the bitter taste of the alkali-boiled Artemisia argyi can be removed by soaking it in water.

[0018] In some embodiments, chopping specifically includes: cutting the soaked Qi Ai leaves into 10×10 mm vegetable dices; grinding specifically includes: putting the chopped Qi Ai leaf dices into a wall breaking machine for coarse grinding and pulping, adding water twice the mass of the Qi Ai leaves and grinding for 3 times, each time for 5 minutes, to obtain coarsely ground Qi Ai juice; continue to pour the coarsely ground Qi Ai juice into a colloid mill, grind for 15-20 minutes at a rotation speed of 2000r / min, to obtain finely ground Qi Ai juice.

[0019] In some embodiments, in step S4, the concentration step specifically includes: concentrating by vacuum distillation, and the temperature of the vacuum distillation is 45-55°C, for example, 45°C, 47°C, 50°C, 53°C, 55°C or other values ​​within this range.

[0020] In a second aspect, the present invention provides an edible and safe Qi Ai powder prepared by any of the above preparation methods.

[0021] In some embodiments, Qi Ai powder includes the following components: total flavonoids 400-450 mg / 100 g, polyphenols 200-250 mg / 100 g, and polysaccharides 2500-3000 mg / 100 g.

[0022] In some embodiments, Qi Ai powder includes the following components: total flavonoids 427.4 mg / 100 g, polyphenols 231.5 mg / 100 g, and polysaccharides 2893.5 mg / 100 g.

[0023] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: different from the prior art, the present invention can quickly and efficiently remove toxic substances in the Qi Ai leaves by alkali boiling, and finally prepare non-toxic Qi Ai powder, and the Qi Ai powder is rich in protein, dietary fiber, flavonoids, polyphenols and polysaccharides, and has high nutritional value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 The chromatograms of the volatile oil extracted from the Qi Ai powder prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 of the present invention, wherein (a) is a chromatogram of the standard product, (b) is a chromatogram of the volatile oil extracted from the Qi Ai powder prepared in Comparative Example 1, and (c) is a chromatogram of the volatile oil extracted from the Qi Ai powder prepared in Example 1; Figure 2 The figure is a trend chart of the weight change of rats in different treatment groups of the present invention; Figure 3 HE-stained sections of rat liver in different treatment groups of the present invention (30×), wherein the arrow indicates the central vein, the circle indicates the hepatocyte, the triangle indicates the vacuoles, and the square indicates the fibrosis; Figure 4 HE-stained sections of the spleen of rats in different treatment groups of the present invention (10×), wherein the black arrow indicates the white pulp, the red arrow indicates the red pulp, the circle indicates the spleen corpuscle, and the square indicates the dilated sinusoid; Figure 5 HE-stained sections of rat kidneys in different treatment groups of the present invention (10×), wherein the black arrows indicate the distal tubules, the red arrows indicate the proximal tubules, the circles indicate the renal corpuscles, and the squares indicate fibrosis; Figure 6 The HE-stained sections of the rat testis in different treatment groups of the present invention (20×), wherein 1 shows the testicular interstitium, 2 shows the epithelial cells, 3 shows spermatocytes at various levels, and 4 shows sperm. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] The experimental methods without specific conditions in the examples are usually carried out according to conventional conditions and conditions described in the manual, or according to conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The general equipment, materials, reagents, etc. used are all available from commercial channels unless otherwise specified.

[0027] In the present invention, fresh tender stems and leaves at the top of Artemisia argyi are produced in Qichun, Hubei; 60 8-week-old SPF-grade Wistar rats, half female and half male, are provided by Hubei Experimental Animal Research Center, and the experimental animal use license number is SYXK (E) 2022-0065.

[0028] Example 1 A method for preparing edible safe Qi Ai powder comprises the following steps: S1. Soak the fresh top tender stems and leaves (5-10 cm) of Artemisia argyi picked around Qingming Festival in a 1% sodium chloride solution for 5 min, and rinse with clean water twice to obtain washed Artemisia argyi leaves; S2, putting the cleaned Qi Artemisia argyi obtained in step S1 into a NaHCO3 solution with a mass concentration of 1% at a mass ratio of 1:10, boiling with alkali for 10 minutes at a temperature of 90°C, and stirring during the boiling process to obtain Qi Artemisia argyi after alkali boiling; S3, putting the alkali-boiled Qi Artemisia argyi obtained in step S2 into water at a mass ratio of 1:100 for 30 minutes, changing the water 1-2 times in the middle, to obtain the soaked Qi Artemisia argyi leaves; S4. Cut the soaked Qi Ai leaves obtained in step S3 into 10×10 mm vegetable dices, put the chopped Qi Ai leaves into a wall breaking machine, add water twice the mass of the Qi Ai leaves, and grind for 3 times, each time for 5 minutes, to obtain coarsely ground Qi Ai juice; continue to pour the coarsely ground Qi Ai juice into a colloid mill, grind for 15-20 minutes at a speed of 2000 r / min to obtain finely ground Qi Ai juice, then perform reduced pressure distillation on the finely ground Qi Ai juice at a temperature of 50°C to obtain a concentrated solution, and finally put the concentrated solution into a freeze dryer for freeze drying to obtain Qi Ai powder.

[0029] Comparative Example 1 The preparation method of Qi Ai powder in this comparative example is basically the same as that in Example 1, except that the treatment in step S2 is not performed.

[0030] Toxicity testing The test of the harmful substance content in the Qi Ai powder prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 was carried out according to the following steps: 1) The volatile oil was extracted according to the method in General Chapter 2204 of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (2020 Edition). Specifically, 300 g of the Qi Ai powder prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were accurately weighed, 3 L of water (1:10 w / w) was added, soaked for 2 h, and extracted with a volatile oil extractor for 5 h. The obtained volatile oil was dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, and the volatile oil yield was calculated for later use.

[0031] 2) The determination of volatile oil content was carried out in accordance with the gas chromatography method (General Rule 0521) in Part IV of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (2020 Edition). The chromatographic conditions and system suitability test used 50% phenyl-methylpolysiloxane as the stationary phase (column length 30m, inner diameter 0.25mm, film thickness 0.25μm); the column temperature was programmed, the initial temperature was 45°C, first heated to 75°C at a rate of 2°C per minute, and maintained for 5 minutes; then heated to 90°C at a rate of 1°C per minute, maintained for 6 minutes; then heated to 150°C at a rate of 5°C per minute; finally heated to 250°C at a rate of 10°C per minute, maintained for 5 minutes; the injection port temperature was 240°C; the detector temperature was 250°C. The flow rate was 0.6ml per minute; split injection, the split ratio was 5:1. The number of theoretical plates calculated based on the borneol peak should not be less than 50,000.

[0032] Preparation of reference solution: Take appropriate amount of eucalyptol, borneol, thujone and camphor reference substances, weigh accurately, add n-hexane to make a mixed solution containing 0.2 mg of eucalyptol and 0.1 mg of borneol per 1 ml.

[0033] Preparation of the test solution: Take an appropriate amount of the volatile oil of Artemisia argyi prepared in step 1), place it in a 10 ml volumetric flask, dilute it to the scale with n-hexane, shake well, and obtain the solution.

[0034] Accurately pipette 1 μl of the reference solution and the test solution respectively, inject into the gas chromatograph, repeat the measurement 3 times, draw the standard curve with the concentration of each component as the horizontal axis and the peak area as the vertical axis, the components have good correlation within a certain range.

[0035] Among them, the standard working curve regression equation and linear range of each component in the volatile oil are shown in Table 1 below: Table 1 Regression equation and linear range of standard working curve of each component

[0036] The chromatogram of the volatile oil measured is as follows Figure 1 As shown. Figure 1 It can be seen that compared with Comparative Example 1, the chromatographic peak of volatile oil is almost undetectable in the Qi Ai powder prepared in Example 1.

[0037] The content and component analysis of the measured volatile oil (extracted in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1) are shown in Table 2 below: Table 2 Volatile oil content and composition analysis

[0038] It can be seen from Table 2 that, compared with Comparative Example 1, the product prepared in the present invention does not contain toxic components, thujone and camphor.

[0039] Acute oral toxicity test in rats 1.1 Sample preparation Accurately weigh 25 g of the Qi Ai powder prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, respectively, add distilled water, stir and mix thoroughly, and then make the volume to 200 mL. The concentration of the Qi Ai powder is 0.125 g / mL.

[0040] 1.2 Animal feeding and management In accordance with the national food safety standard acute oral toxicity test (GB 15193.3-2014), rats were selected as experimental animals and carried out at the Hubei Provincial Food and Drug Safety Evaluation Center of Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Feeding conditions: This experiment was carried out in an SPF system, and the cages of the test animals were changed once a week. Rats of the same sex were kept in plastic animal boxes in each cage, 2 per cage. Environmental conditions: Laboratory temperature 20-26°C, relative humidity 40-70%. Lighting and light and dark for 12 hours each, noise below 60dB, ventilation frequency: greater than 15 times / hour. Food and drinking water: Animal feed is rodent pellets provided by Wuhan Wanqian Jiaxing Biotechnology Co., Ltd., feed production license number: SCXK (E) 2021-0011, drinking water is autoclaved water, and animals are free to eat and drink during the entire test period.

[0041] 1.3 Animal grouping and dosage design 60 8-week-old SPF Wistar rats, half male and half female, were randomly divided into a female control group (FC), a female Qi Ai fresh leaves (Comparative Example 1) group (FUAAQ), a female Qi Ai fresh leaves high temperature treatment (Example 1) group (FBAAQ), a male control group (MC), a male Qi Ai fresh leaves (Comparative Example 1) group (MUAAQ), and a male Qi Ai fresh leaves high temperature treatment (Example 1) group (MBAAQ) after three days of adaptive feeding. The maximum concentration of Qi Ai powder that can be gavaged is 0.125g / ml, and the gavage capacity of rats is 20ml / kg BW. On the first day, the rats were given Qi Ai powder by oral administration, and the gavage was divided into 3 times on the first day of the experiment to reach 7.5g / kg BW, and observed continuously for 14 days.

[0042] Observation times: Observe the clinical signs of rats continuously on the day of gavage of the test substance, and observe once a day at other times. If the animals show abnormal clinical signs, increase the observation times appropriately.

[0043] Observation animals: All animals. Observation time: From the start of the experiment to the end of the observation period.

[0044] Observation method: During the entire observation period, the behavior and physical appearance of the test animals were observed every day, and any abnormalities were recorded in detail. Cage-side observations were conducted before and after administration, including physical appearance, behavior, respiration, heartbeat, urine and stool characteristics and color, secretions, body mucosa, skin hair, convulsions, etc. The specific observation indicators are shown in Table 3 below.

[0045] Table 3 Observation items of poisoning manifestations in experimental animals

[0046] Clinical observations showed that the animals in the group treated with fresh Qi Ai leaves at high temperature (Example 1) showed no symptoms of poisoning, and no death was observed in the tested animals; in the group treated with fresh Qi Ai leaves (Comparative Example 1), 3 female mice died, 1 had difficulty breathing and then recovered, 1 male mouse died, 4 had difficulty breathing, abdominal bloating, and loose stools, 3 of which recovered, and 1 still had loose stools and weight loss symptoms at the end of the test. The above results show that the fresh Qi Ai leaves in the comparative example have certain toxicity.

[0047] 1.4 Body weight measurement Body weight was measured on the day of Qi Ai powder administration (D1), in the middle of the week (D8), and at the end of the period (D15).

[0048] The trends of body weight changes in rats in different treatment groups are as follows Figure 2 As shown. Figure 2 It can be seen that compared with the control group, SPF Wistar rats of both sexes had normal weight gain and normal food intake.

[0049] Furthermore, the weight gain, food intake and organ weight of the rats are shown in Table 4 below.

[0050] Table 4 Weight gain, food intake and organ weight of rats

[0051] As can be seen from Table 4, after two weeks, the weight gain (102.65±19.50g) and food intake (158.49±9.44g) of male rats that ingested Qi Ai high-temperature treated powder were significantly higher than those of the male control group, and there was no significant difference in the specific gravity of organs.

[0052] 1.5 Gross autopsy After the experiment, the surviving animals were euthanized, dissected, and the liver, spleen, kidney, testicles and visceral fat were weighed. The external appearance of the animals, the thoracic and abdominal organs, and the cranial organs were observed with the naked eye for any abnormalities, and the test results were recorded.

[0053] The results showed that the animals had clean fur, no abnormal secretions from their eyes, ears, mouth and nose, and no obvious abnormalities in the major chest and abdominal organs and cranial organs.

[0054] 1.6 Hematology and serum biochemical index testing Blood was collected in a 10-ml sterile centrifuge tube, and 2 ml was taken for detection of hematological indices including white blood cell count (WBC), red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), platelet count (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet hematocrit (PCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin content (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), neutrophil ratio (NEUT%), absolute value of lymphocytes (LYMPH), monocyte count (MONO), acidic granulocytes (EO), and basophils (BASO) using a fully automatic blood cell analyzer.

[0055] After the blood was allowed to stand at room temperature for 1 h, it was centrifuged at 3000 r / min. After centrifugation for 15 min, the serum was separated and dispensed into 5 ml sterile EP tubes using a pipette and stored at -20°C. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glutamyl transferase (GGT), glucose (GLU), urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CREA), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), potassium (K), sodium (Na), chloride (Cl), calcium (Ca), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX).

[0056] The results of hematological and serum biochemical indexes of rats in different treatment groups are shown in Tables 5 and 6, respectively.

[0057] Table 5 Rat serum biochemical indexes

[0058] Table 6 Hematological parameters of rats

[0059] As can be seen from Tables 5 and 6, compared with the same sex control group rats, the high temperature treated powder of Qi Ai fresh leaves had no significant effect on the hematological and serum biochemical indices of rats.

[0060] 1.7 HE staining of tissue sections The liver, spleen, kidney and testis of rats in different treatment groups were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde universal tissue fixative. Paraffin sections and full scans were completed according to conventional methods.

[0061] The results of HE staining of rat liver sections in different treatment groups are as follows Figure 3 shown.

[0062] from Figure 3 As can be seen, FC is a liver section of female rats in the control group, in which the hepatocytes are hexagonal in the section, arranged neatly and tightly; FUAAQ is a liver section of female rats in the fresh wormwood group, in which the shape of the hepatocytes changes, the arrangement is irregular, the central vein is dilated, vacuoles appear (as shown by the triangle), and fibrosis occurs (as shown by the square); FBAAQ is a liver section of female rats in the high-temperature Qi Ai group, in which the hepatocytes are hexagonal, arranged neatly and tightly; MC is a liver section of male rats in the control group, in which the hepatocytes are hexagonal in the section, arranged neatly and tightly, without obvious nuclear distortion; MUAAQ is a liver section of male rats in the fresh wormwood group, in which the hepatocytes are obviously deformed, arranged irregularly, the nuclei are condensed, vacuoles appear, and fibrosis occurs (as shown by the square); MBAAQ is a liver section of male rats in the high-temperature Qi Ai group, in which the hepatocytes are hexagonal, arranged neatly and tightly, without nuclear distortion or vacuoles.

[0063] The results of HE staining of spleen sections of rats in different treatment groups are as follows Figure 4 shown.

[0064] from Figure 4 As can be seen in the figure, FC is a spleen section of a female rat in the control group, in which no gaps appeared in the spleen, the boundary between the red pulp and the white pulp was obvious, and clear splenic corpuscles could be seen; FUAAQ is a spleen section of a female rat in the fresh wormwood group, in which gaps appeared in the spleen, the boundary between the red pulp and the white pulp was not obvious, and the splenic sinusoids were dilated (as shown by the square); FBAAQ is a spleen section of a female rat in the high-temperature Qi Ai group, in which no gaps appeared in the spleen, the boundary between the red pulp and the white pulp was obvious, clear splenic corpuscles could be seen, and the number and volume of white pulp cells increased; MC is a spleen section of a male rat in the control group, in which no gaps appeared in the spleen, the boundary between the red pulp and the white pulp was relatively obvious, and clear splenic corpuscles could be seen; MUAAQ is a spleen section of a male rat in the fresh wormwood group, in which the boundary between the red pulp and the white pulp was not obvious, the number of white pulp decreased, and the cell volume also decreased; MBAAQ is a spleen section of a male rat in the high-temperature Qi Ai group, in which the boundary between the red pulp and the white pulp was obvious, clear splenic corpuscles could be seen, and the number and volume of white pulp cells increased.

[0065] The results of HE staining of kidney sections of rats in different treatment groups are as follows Figure 5 shown.

[0066] from Figure 5As can be seen, FC is a kidney section of female rats in the control group, with normal glomerular size and morphology, neat structure, and normal tubular morphology; FUAAQ is a kidney section of female rats in the fresh wormwood group, with mild capillary proliferation in the glomerulus, vacuoles in the distal tubules, loss of proximal tubular structure, and fibrosis (as shown by the square); FBAAQ is a kidney section of female rats in the high-temperature Qi Ai group, with normal glomerular size and morphology, and no morphological changes in the renal tubules; MC is a kidney section of male rats in the control group, with normal glomerular size and morphology, neat structure, and normal tubular morphology; MUAAQ is a kidney section of male rats in the fresh wormwood group, with swelling and deformation of the renal corpuscles, loss of proximal tubular structure, and fibrosis (as shown by the square); MBAAQ is a kidney section of male rats in the high-temperature Qi Ai group, with normal glomerular size and morphology, and no morphological changes in the renal tubules.

[0067] The results of HE staining of testicular sections of rats in different treatment groups are as follows Figure 6 shown.

[0068] from Figure 6 It can be seen that MC is the kidney section of male rats in the control group, the seminiferous tubules have regular morphology, the basement membrane of the seminiferous epithelium is intact, the spermatogenic cells at all levels are neatly arranged, the interstitial cell nuclei are large, round or oval, and are spread throughout the testicular interstitium, and there is no congestion in the interstitium; MUAAQ is the testicular section of male rats in the fresh wormwood group, the morphological structure of the seminiferous tubules has changed significantly, the basement membrane is incomplete, the arrangement of spermatogenic cells in the basement membrane is basically normal, but the number of spermatogenic cell layers is reduced, the cells are sparse, there are fewer interstitial cells, and there is congestion in the interstitium; MBAAQ is the testicular section of male rats in the high-temperature Qi wormwood group, the seminiferous tubules have regular morphology, the basement membrane of the seminiferous epithelium is intact, the spermatogenic cells at all levels are neatly arranged, and there is no congestion in the interstitium.

[0069] The results of HE staining of different tissues showed that the morphological structure of each tissue in the fresh mugwort (comparative example 1) group changed, while no abnormality was found in each tissue in the high-temperature mugwort (example 1) group. The results further showed that the mugwort powder prepared in the present invention is non-toxic.

[0070] Test of nutritional components and active ingredients in Qi Ai powder The Qi Ai powder prepared in Example 1 was tested for nutritional components and active ingredient content. Specifically, the moisture detection method in Qi Ai powder referred to the first method of GB 5009.3-2016, the ash detection method referred to the first method of GB 5009.4-2016, the crude protein detection method referred to the first method of GB 5009.5-2016, the crude fat detection method referred to the second method of GB 5009.6-2016, and the crude fiber detection method referred to GB 5009.10-2003.

[0071] The determination of flavonoids content in Qi Ai powder includes the following steps: 1) Accurately weigh 10.0 mg of rutin standard, dissolve it in 60% ethanol solution, transfer it into a 100 mL volumetric flask, and dilute to the mark to obtain a rutin standard solution with a concentration of 0.1 mg / mL. Use a pipette to accurately transfer 0.00, 1.00, 2.00, 3.00, 4.00, and 5.00 mL into 6 10 mL volumetric flasks, add 60% ethanol to 5 mL, accurately add 0.3 mL of 5% sodium nitrite, shake well, and place at room temperature for 6 minutes. After the timing is over, add 0.3 mL of 10% aluminum nitrate, shake well, and place at room temperature for 6 minutes. After the timing is over, add 4.0 mL of 4% sodium hydroxide, and finally add 60% ethanol to the mark, shake well, and place at room temperature for 15 minutes. After the timing is over, use the first tube as the blank to adjust to zero, and measure the absorbance at the maximum wavelength of 510 nm. A standard curve was drawn with rutin concentration (mg / mL) as the abscissa and the measured absorbance value (Abs) as the ordinate.

[0072] 2) Put the dried sample into a grinder and grind it into powder, then pass it through a 40-mesh sieve for later use. Weigh 1.00g of each batch of mugwort powder accurately, place it in a 150mL conical flask, accurately add 40mL of 60% ethanol, and seal it with plastic wrap to prevent volatilization. Ultrasonic treatment (power 250 W, frequency 40 kHZ) for 40min, the best water bath temperature is 65℃, and the solid-liquid ratio is 1:40. After the ultrasonic treatment, centrifuge at 4500r / min for 5min, and the supernatant is the sample extract. Accurately draw 1mL of the test solution, place it in a 10mL volumetric flask, then add 60% ethanol to 5mL, accurately add 0.3mL of 5% sodium nitrite, shake well and place it at room temperature for 6min. After the timing is over, add 0.3mL of 10% aluminum nitrate, shake well and place it at room temperature for 6min. After the timing is over, add 4.0 mL of 4% sodium hydroxide, and finally add distilled water to the scale, shake well and place at room temperature for 15 minutes. After the timing is over, adjust the reagent blank to zero, measure the absorbance at the maximum wavelength of 510 nm, and calculate the mass of rutin in the test solution based on the standard curve.

[0073] The determination of polyphenol content in Qi Ai powder includes the following steps: 1) Gallic acid is used as a standard. Accurately weigh 10.0 mg and place it in a 10 mL volumetric flask. Use methanol to make up to the mark to prepare a gallic acid standard stock solution with a final concentration of 1 mg / mL. The solution is prepared immediately before use. Accurately measure 0.0 mL, 0.20 mL, 0.40 mL, 0.60 mL, 0.80 mL, and 1.00 mL of gallic acid stock solution and place them in 10 mL volumetric flasks, add distilled water to the mark, and shake well to obtain a standard series of working solutions with mass concentrations of 0.0 mg / mL, 0.02 mg / mL, 0.04 mg / mL, 0.06 mg / mL, 0.08 mg / mL, and 0.10 mg / mL. Accurately pipette 1.0mL of each gallic acid standard series working solution into a 10mL volumetric flask, add 5.0mL of 10% Folin phenol reagent into each volumetric flask, shake well and react for 8 minutes, add 4mL of 7.5% sodium carbonate solution, add distilled water to the scale, shake well, put into a 40℃ constant temperature water bath for 30 minutes, take out, cool to room temperature, and measure the absorbance at a wavelength of 765nm. Draw a standard curve with absorbance as the ordinate and gallic acid mass concentration as the abscissa. Use the first tube as blank correction, measure the absorbance at a wavelength of 765nm, and repeat the experiment 3 times. Calculate the linear regression equation with the average absorbance as the ordinate and the gallic acid concentration (mg / mL) as the abscissa.

[0074] 2) Accurately weigh 1.0g of sieved Qi Ai powder (40 mesh), place it in a 150mL conical flask, add 40mL of 60% ethanol for ultrasonic extraction (temperature 32℃, power 160W, frequency 45kHz) for 40min, and seal with plastic wrap to prevent volatilization. After the ultrasonic extraction, centrifuge at 4500r / min for 5min, and the supernatant is the sample extract. Take 1.0mL of the prepared sample extract and calculate the polyphenol content (in terms of gallic acid) in the sample according to the standard curve.

[0075] The determination of polysaccharide content in Qi Ai powder includes the following steps: 1) Weigh 1.0g of the sample crushed through a 0.9mm sieve to an accuracy of 0.001g and place it in a 50mL stoppered centrifuge tube. Soak the sample with 5mL of water, slowly add 20mL of anhydrous ethanol, shake thoroughly to mix evenly, and place it in an ultrasonic extractor for ultrasonic extraction for 30min. After the extraction, centrifuge at 4000rpm / min for 10min and discard the supernatant. Wash the insoluble matter with 10mL of ethanol solution and centrifuge. Transfer all the above insoluble matter into a stoppered conical flask with 30mL of water in batches, seal it with a sterile breathable sealing film, and extract it in a boiling water bath for 2h. Cool to room temperature, filter, and set aside the filtrate.

[0076] 2) Accurately pipette 0.0mL, 0.2mL, 0.4mL, 0.6mL, 0.8mL, and 1.0mL of standard glucose working solution into a 25mL stoppered test tube, and fill to 1.0mL with water. The glucose masses are 0μg, 20μg, 40μg, 60μg, 80μg, and 100μg, respectively. Add 1.0mL of phenol solution to the test tube, shake well quickly, add 5.0mL of concentrated sulfuric acid along the wall of the test tube, shake well quickly, cover the stopper, let stand for 10min, react in a 30℃ water bath for 20min, cool quickly, transfer to a 1cm cuvette, and measure the absorbance at 490nm. Draw a standard curve with the mass of glucose as the horizontal axis and the absorbance as the vertical axis. Accurately pipette 0.1mL of the sample solution into a 25mL stoppered test tube, and measure the absorbance according to the above operation. Perform a blank test at the same time. Calculate the polysaccharide content in the sample according to the standard curve.

[0077] The test results of the nutritional components and active ingredient content of Qi Ai powder are shown in Table 7 below.

[0078] Table 7 Test results of nutritional components and active ingredient content of Qi Ai powder

[0079] As can be seen from Table 7, the content of each nutritional component in Qi Ai powder is relatively high, so it has good nutritional value.

[0080] It should be noted that the above embodiments all belong to the same inventive concept, and the description of each embodiment has its own focus. For matters that are not described in detail in some embodiments, reference may be made to the description in other embodiments.

[0081] The above-mentioned embodiments only express the implementation methods of the present invention, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this field, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, which all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present invention shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. A method for preparing edible safe Qi Ai powder, characterized in that: The steps include: S1, soaking the Artemisia argyi leaves, and rinsing to obtain the washed Artemisia argyi leaves; S2, putting the cleaned Artemisia argyi leaf into alkali solution for alkali boiling treatment to obtain alkali-boiled Artemisia argyi leaf; S3, putting the alkali-boiled Artemisia argyi into water for soaking to obtain soaked Artemisia argyi leaves; S4, chopping, grinding, concentrating and drying the soaked Artemisia argyi leaves in sequence to obtain Artemisia argyi powder; Wherein, in step S2, the alkali solution includes NaHCO3 solution.

2. The method for preparing the edible safe Qi Ai powder according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the Qi Ai leaves are fresh tender stems and leaves at the top of Qi Ai, and the Qi Ai leaves are picked around the Qingming Festival.

3. The method for preparing the edible safe Qi Ai powder according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the soaking treatment step specifically includes: soaking in a sodium chloride solution with a mass concentration of 0.5-1.5% for 3-10 minutes.

4. The method for preparing the edible safe Qi Ai powder according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the mass concentration of the alkali solution is 0.5-1.5%, and the mass ratio of the alkali solution to the washed Artemisia argyi leaves is (5-15):

1.

5. The method for preparing the edible safe Qi Ai powder according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the alkali boiling treatment step specifically includes: alkali boiling for 5-15 minutes at a temperature of 90-95°C.

6. The method for preparing the edible safe Qi Ai powder according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the mass ratio of the water to the alkali-boiled Artemisia argyi is (80-120):1, and the soaking time is 10-60 min.

7. The method for preparing the edible safe Qi Ai powder according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the concentration step specifically includes: concentrating by vacuum distillation, and the temperature of the vacuum distillation is 45-55°C.

8. An edible and safe Qi Ai powder prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. The edible safe Qi Ai powder according to claim 8, characterized in that: The Qi Ai powder comprises the following components: 400-450 mg / 100 g of total flavonoids, 200-250 mg / 100 g of polyphenols, and 2500-3000 mg / 100 g of polysaccharides.

10. The edible safe Qi Ai powder according to claim 9, characterized in that: The Qi Ai powder comprises the following components: 427.4 mg / 100 g of total flavonoids, 231.5 mg / 100 g of polyphenols, and 2893.5 mg / 100 g of polysaccharides.

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