Friction welding auxiliary machining device for annular pipe structure and working method of friction welding auxiliary machining device

Abstract

The invention provides a friction welding auxiliary machining device for a ring pipe structure and a working method of the friction welding auxiliary machining device, and belongs to the technical field of friction welding. The problems that heat treatment is not conducted in time in existing inertia friction welding, large internal stress is generated on a ring material due to too fast cooling, and cracks extending in the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction of an inner ring are generated at an inner ring weld joint due to material characteristics are solved. The device comprises a first to-be-welded shaft rod, a tailstock side clamp, a main shaft side clamp, a second to-be-welded shaft rod, an internal spray head and a heating assembly, the first to-be-welded shaft rod is placed in the tailstock side clamp, the second to-be-welded shaft rod is placed in the main shaft side clamp of friction welding equipment, and the internal spray head is arranged on the inner side of a welding seam of the first to-be-welded shaft rod and the second to-be-welded shaft rod. A plurality of spray holes are evenly distributed in the internal spray head, the internal spray head is connected with one end of the connecting pipe, the other end of the connecting pipe is connected with an air source through an elbow, and the inner diameter of the internal spray head is larger than the outer diameter of the connecting pipe. The device is mainly used for protecting a friction welding area.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of friction welding, and in particular relates to a friction welding auxiliary processing device for an annular tube structure and a working method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, inertia friction welding has the advantages of fewer process parameters, high stability, less heat input, narrow weld range, and high joint mechanical properties. It has great potential in the industrial field. Many products are used in the aerospace field, etc. The existing inertia friction welding process is: the workpieces to be welded are fixed at the rotating end and the sliding end respectively. When the speed of the rotating end reaches the set value, the drive motor of the spindle is separated from the rotating end, and the sliding end is driven by the hydraulic servo to move toward the rotating end, generating friction heat at the contact interface. Due to the action of friction, the material undergoes plastic deformation at the welding interface, and the temperature of the material gradually increases. When the speed of the rotating end decreases, When it reaches a certain value, the workpiece to be welded begins to be forged. After a certain period of time, the sliding end withdraws. After welding, heat treatment is performed according to the corresponding material properties and the post-weld performance requirements to improve the joint structure and performance, especially for large diameter-to-thickness ratio annular tube structures, such as aviation annular tube components, wind power gear ring components that require high comprehensive mechanical properties of materials, etc. The above components need to have high strength and toughness during use, so inertia friction welding is used for welding. However, the friction welding method often has defects such as organizational segregation and thermal cracks in the joints after welding. Therefore, the heat treatment process for the annular tube structure after welding is particularly important.

[0003] However, due to the rapid cooling of the weld and the thermo-mechanically affected zone of the annular tube structure, internal stresses will be generated at the weld. If these residual stresses are not fully released, cracks will occur that extend laterally and longitudinally along the inner ring. In addition, due to the thermal coupling of welding and the failure to perform heat treatment in time, the internal stresses are not released, which further leads to changes in the microstructure of the inner ring area and also causes cracks in the inner ring weld area. Based on the above problems, the present invention proposes a friction welding auxiliary processing device for annular tube structures and a working method thereof. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention aims to propose an auxiliary processing device for friction welding of annular tube structure and a working method thereof, so as to solve the problem that the existing inertia friction welding does not perform heat treatment in time, generates large internal stress in the ring material due to excessive cooling, and the material characteristics cause cracks to form at the inner ring weld that extend laterally and longitudinally along the inner ring.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A friction welding auxiliary processing device for annular tube structure, comprising a tailstock side workpiece to be welded, a tailstock side fixture, a spindle side fixture, a spindle side workpiece to be welded, an internal nozzle and a heating component, wherein the tailstock side workpiece to be welded is placed in the tailstock side fixture, the spindle side workpiece to be welded is placed in the spindle side fixture of the friction welding equipment, an internal nozzle is arranged on the inner side of the weld between the tailstock side workpiece to be welded and the spindle side workpiece to be welded, a heating component is sleeved on the outer side of the internal nozzle, and the internal nozzle is used to introduce protective gas.

[0007] Furthermore, the internal nozzle is evenly distributed with a plurality of spray holes.

[0008] Furthermore, the internal nozzle is connected to one end of a connecting pipe, and the other end of the connecting pipe is connected to a gas source through an elbow.

[0009] Furthermore, the inner diameter of the inner nozzle is larger than the outer diameter of the connecting pipe.

[0010] Furthermore, a reducing pipe is provided at the connection between the connecting pipe and the internal nozzle.

[0011] Furthermore, one side of the connecting pipe is installed in a support of the tailstock side fixture, and the support is connected to the telescopic mechanism.

[0012] Furthermore, the support is provided with a U-shaped groove which is engaged with the connecting pipe.

[0013] Furthermore, the telescopic mechanism includes a telescopic cylinder and a connecting rod, one end of the connecting rod is pressed against the air inlet end side of the connecting pipe, and the other end is connected to the output end of the telescopic cylinder, and the fixed end of the telescopic cylinder is installed in the support.

[0014] Furthermore, the telescopic cylinder, the heating component and the air source are all connected to a control system.

[0015] A working method for a friction welding auxiliary processing device for an annular structure, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

[0016] Step 1: Before welding, clamp the workpiece on the tailstock side with the tailstock side clamp, and clamp the workpiece on the spindle side with the spindle side clamp;

[0017] Step 2: The spindle in the spindle side box drives the spindle side workpiece to rotate. When the speed reaches the set speed, the spindle stops working, and the sliding table box moves toward the spindle side box, so that the spindle side workpiece to be welded and the tailstock side workpiece to be welded contact, and friction welding begins;

[0018] Step 3: Start welding, and spray shielding gas to the welding area through the internal nozzle during welding;

[0019] Step 4: Start heating the heating component to control or heat the temperature of the welding environment on the spindle side and the inner side of the welded part on the tailstock side, keep the weld after welding warm, and then gradually reduce the temperature of the heating component to room temperature;

[0020] Step 5: After welding, the tailstock side fixture leaves the workpiece to be welded on the tailstock side, and the sliding table box is moved back to the initial position to complete the entire welding process;

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] 1. The present invention is provided with a heating component inside, and the welding environment can be continuously and slowly heated at a controlled temperature during the welding process, thereby avoiding the rapid cooling of the heat-affected zone, which causes internal stress in the annular structure due to uneven temperature, and further causes cracks in the inner ring weld.

[0023] 2. Due to the influence of factors such as grain boundary precipitates, element segregation and the thermal sensitivity of the material itself under the thermal coupling effect during the welding process, circumferential cracks and vertical circumferential longitudinal cracks are also easily generated at the inner ring weld. Therefore, the present invention is provided with an internal heating component. After welding, the internal heating component is used to keep the weld area in a slow cooling or heat preservation state, thereby avoiding rapid cooling of the weld area, thereby reducing grain boundary precipitates or element segregation, making the structural hardness of the inner ring area uniform, and fully releasing the stress of the entire ring, thereby reducing the risk of cracks.

[0024] 3. The present invention heats the weld after welding, which can reduce the final heat treatment process in the friction welding process, reduce the process steps, and improve work efficiency. The post-weld heat treatment is combined with the welding process to improve work efficiency while avoiding the immediate generation of cracks in the inner ring weld after welding.

[0025] 4. The outer side of the internal nozzle of the present invention is sleeved with a heating component, which can preheat the weld before welding. By preheating in advance, the temperature change of the joint position during welding is more uniform, thereby reducing the temperature gradient during welding, and greatly reducing the risk of cracks caused by high residual stress in the inner ring due to rapid cooling after welding. In addition, since the residual stress of the inner ring structure is more concentrated than that of the outside, it is more prone to cracking. Therefore, a heating component is provided inside to reduce stress concentration during welding and avoid the risk of cracking.

[0026] 5. The present invention provides an internal nozzle in the weld for introducing a protective gas. The internal spraying of the protective gas can effectively prevent metal oxidation at the inner ring weld, thereby improving the weld quality and reliability and making the weld surface smoother and neater.

[0027] 6. The present invention can prevent the formation of welding spatter by internally spraying protective gas, thereby improving the strength of the weld connection, stabilizing the temperature of the welding area, preventing temperature fluctuations during the welding process, and ensuring the consistency and stability of the welding interface.

[0028] 7. The present invention can ensure the stability of the welding process through the internal injection of protective gas, thereby reducing the impact on operators and equipment, improving the safety of the working environment, and can help reduce defects that may occur during the welding process and improve the quality and reliability of the weld.

[0029] 8. The heating component of the present invention is connected to a connecting pipe, and the connecting pipe can adjust its position by being connected to a telescopic cylinder. Further, the position of the heating component can be adjusted at any time. Since the weld position changes during the welding process, the position of the heating component can be controlled by the telescopic cylinder, so that the heating component always remains consistent with the weld position, thereby improving the temperature stability at the weld. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] The accompanying drawings constituting a part of the present invention are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0031] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a friction welding auxiliary processing device according to the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 It is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of a friction welding auxiliary processing device described in the present invention.

[0033] 1- telescopic cylinder, 2- connecting rod, 3- support, 4- tailstock side to be welded, 5- tailstock side fixture, 6- spindle side fixture, 7- spindle side to be welded, 8- internal nozzle, 9- heating assembly, 10- reducer, 11- connecting pipe, 12- elbow. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely explain the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict, and the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments.

[0035] See also Figure 1-2To illustrate the present embodiment, an auxiliary processing device for friction welding of an annular structure includes a tailstock side workpiece 4, a tailstock side fixture 5, a spindle side fixture 6, a spindle side workpiece 7, an internal nozzle 8 and a heating component 9, wherein the tailstock side workpiece 4 is placed in the tailstock side fixture 5, the spindle side workpiece 7 is placed in the spindle side fixture 6 of the friction welding equipment, an internal nozzle 8 is arranged on the inner side of the weld between the tailstock side workpiece 4 and the spindle side workpiece 7, a heating component 9 is sleeved on the outer side of the internal nozzle 8, and the internal nozzle 8 is used to introduce protective gas.

[0036] The internal nozzle 8 is evenly distributed with a plurality of spray holes.

[0037] Before welding, the workpiece 4 on the tailstock side is clamped and fixed by the tailstock side clamp 5, and the workpiece 7 on the spindle side is clamped and fixed by the spindle side clamp 6. Through the control system, the internal nozzle 8 and the heating component 9 are moved to the weld, the temperature of the weld is adjusted, and the protective gas is introduced through the internal nozzle 8. The temperature of the weld and the content of the introduced protective gas are simultaneously regulated by the control system to start welding.

[0038] The outer side of the internal nozzle is sleeved with a heating component 9, which can continuously and slowly control the temperature of the welding environment before and during welding, thereby avoiding the rapid heating of the heat-affected zone, which may cause cracks in the inner ring weld due to uneven temperature of the annular structure. Due to the influence of factors such as rapid thermal cycles, residual stress, grain boundary precipitates in the welding process and the thermal sensitivity of the material itself, cracks are prone to occur in the inner ring weld. Therefore, a heating component 9 is provided inside, and after welding, the internal heating component is used to keep the weld area in a high temperature state, and then the temperature of the heating mechanism is gradually reduced, which has the effect of slow cooling after welding, avoiding rapid cooling of the weld area, resulting in high tissue hardness in the inner ring area and excessive residual stress, thereby increasing cracks. To reduce the risk, the weld can be preheated before welding. By preheating in advance, the temperature change at the joint during welding can be more uniform, thereby reducing the temperature gradient during welding and greatly reducing the risk of cracks caused by high residual stress in the inner ring due to rapid cooling after welding. In addition, since the residual stress of the inner ring structure is more concentrated than that of the outside, it is more prone to cracking. Therefore, a heating component is provided inside to reduce stress concentration during welding and avoid the risk of cracking. Heating the weld after welding can reduce the last heat treatment step in the friction welding process, reduce the process steps, and improve work efficiency. Combining post-weld heat treatment with the welding process can improve work efficiency while avoiding the occurrence of cracks in the inner ring weld after welding.

[0039] The internal nozzle 8 is connected to one end of the connecting pipe 11, and the other end of the connecting pipe 11 is connected to the gas source through the elbow 12. The protective gas is introduced into the welding area through the internal nozzle 8 connected to the gas source.

[0040] An internal nozzle 8 is provided in the weld for introducing a shielding gas. The internal injection of shielding gas can effectively protect the welding area from external oxygen and other impurities, prevent metal oxidation at the weld, and thus improve the weld quality and reliability, make the weld surface smoother and neater, reduce the formation of gas pores and inclusions inside the weld, and thus improve the sealing and strength of the weld connection, stabilize the temperature of the welding area, prevent temperature fluctuations during welding, and improve the consistency and stability of welding. The present invention can reduce spark splashing during welding by internal injection of shielding gas, thereby reducing the impact on operators and equipment, improving the safety of the working environment, and can help reduce defects that may occur during welding and improve the quality and reliability of the weld.

[0041] The inner diameter of the internal nozzle 8 is greater than the outer diameter of the connecting pipe 11 , and a reducing pipe 10 is provided at the connection between the connecting pipe 11 and the internal nozzle 8 .

[0042] The inner diameter of the internal nozzle 8 is larger than the outer diameter of the connecting pipe 11. Under the same flow rate, the gas can pass through the internal nozzle 8 more easily, reducing the resistance during gas flow and the pressure loss during gas passage. In practical applications, the inner diameter of the internal nozzle 8 is slightly larger, which can tolerate a certain degree of diameter change or installation error of the connecting pipe 11, thereby reducing the difficulty of equipment selection due to size matching problems. The larger inner diameter of the internal nozzle 8 can better handle a wider range of flow requirements, which is very useful when dealing with different working conditions or changes in demand.

[0043] One side of the connecting pipe 11 is installed in the support 3 of the tailstock side fixture 5, and the support 3 is connected to the telescopic mechanism.

[0044] The support 3 is provided with a U-shaped groove which is engaged with the connecting pipe 11 , and the connecting pipe can be fixed by the U-shaped groove.

[0045] The telescopic mechanism includes a telescopic cylinder 1 and a connecting rod 2. One end of the connecting rod 2 is pressed against the air inlet end side of the connecting pipe 11, and the other end is connected to the output end of the telescopic cylinder 1. The fixed end of the telescopic cylinder 1 is installed in the support 3. According to the position of the weld, the connecting rod 2 is driven to move by the telescopic cylinder 1 to realize the position of the internal nozzle 8 and the heating component 9.

[0046] The telescopic cylinder 1, the heating assembly 9 and the air source are all connected to a control system.

[0047] A working method for a friction welding auxiliary processing device for an annular structure, comprising the following steps:

[0048] Step 1: Before welding, the workpiece 4 on the tailstock side is clamped and fixed by the tailstock side clamp 5, and the workpiece 7 on the spindle side is clamped and fixed by the spindle side clamp 6;

[0049] Step 2: Move the internal nozzle 8 and the heating assembly 9 to the weld through the control system;

[0050] Step 3: Adjust the temperature at the weld;

[0051] Step 4: introducing shielding gas through the internal nozzle 8, and simultaneously regulating the temperature at the weld and the content of the shielding gas introduced through the control system;

[0052] Step 5: Start soldering.

[0053] The embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are only used to help illustrate the present invention. The embodiments do not describe all the details in detail, nor do they limit the invention to the specific implementation methods described. According to the content of this specification, many modifications and changes can be made. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments in order to better explain the principles and practical applications of the present invention, so that those skilled in the art can understand and use the present invention well.

Claims

1. A friction welding auxiliary processing device for annular structures, characterized in that: The friction welding device comprises a workpiece to be welded (4) on the tailstock side, a clamp on the tailstock side (5), a clamp on the spindle side (6), a workpiece to be welded (7) on the spindle side, an internal nozzle (8) and a heating component (9); the workpiece to be welded (4) on the tailstock side is placed in the clamp on the tailstock side (5); the workpiece to be welded (7) on the spindle side is placed in the clamp on the spindle side (6) of the friction welding device; an internal nozzle (8) is arranged on the inner side of the weld between the workpiece to be welded (4) on the tailstock side and the workpiece to be welded (7) on the spindle side; a heating component (9) is sleeved on the outer side of the internal nozzle (8); and the internal nozzle (8) is used to introduce protective gas.

2. The friction welding auxiliary processing device for annular structures according to claim 1, characterized in that: The internal nozzle (8) is evenly distributed with a plurality of spray holes.

3. The friction welding auxiliary processing device for annular structures according to claim 1, characterized in that: The internal nozzle (8) is connected to one end of a connecting pipe (11), and the other end of the connecting pipe (11) is connected to a gas source via an elbow (12).

4. The device for auxiliary processing of friction welding of annular structures according to claim 3, characterized in that: The inner diameter of the internal nozzle (8) is greater than the outer diameter of the connecting pipe (11).

5. The friction welding auxiliary processing device for annular structures according to claim 4, characterized in that: A reducing pipe (10) is provided at the connection point between the connecting pipe (11) and the internal nozzle (8).

6. The friction welding auxiliary processing device for annular structures according to claim 3, characterized in that: One side of the connecting pipe (11) is installed in a support (3) of the tailstock side fixture (5), and the support (3) is connected to the telescopic mechanism.

7. The friction welding auxiliary processing device for annular structures according to claim 6, characterized in that: The support (3) is provided with a U-shaped groove which is snap-connected with the connecting pipe (11).

8. The friction welding auxiliary processing device for annular structures according to claim 6, characterized in that: The telescopic mechanism comprises a telescopic cylinder (1) and a connecting rod (2), one end of the connecting rod (2) is pressed against the air inlet end side of the connecting pipe (11), and the other end is connected to the output end of the telescopic cylinder (1), and the fixed end of the telescopic cylinder (1) is installed in a support (3).

9. The friction welding auxiliary processing device for annular structures according to claim 7, characterized in that: The telescopic cylinder (1), the heating component (9) and the air source are all connected to a control system.

10. A working method for the friction welding auxiliary processing device for annular structures according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: Step 1: Before welding, the workpiece to be welded (4) on the tailstock side is clamped and fixed by the tailstock side clamp (5), and the workpiece to be welded (7) on the spindle side is clamped and fixed by the spindle side clamp (6); Step 2: The spindle in the spindle side box drives the spindle side workpiece to be welded (7) to rotate. When the speed reaches the set speed, the spindle stops working, and the sliding table box moves toward the spindle side box, so that the spindle side workpiece to be welded (7) and the tailstock side workpiece to be welded (4) contact each other, and friction welding begins; Step 3: Start welding, and at the same time, spray shielding gas to the welding area through the internal nozzle (8); Step 4: The heating component (9) starts to heat the welding environment of the workpiece to be welded on the spindle side and the workpiece to be welded on the tailstock side to control or heat the temperature, and the weld seam after welding is kept warm, and then the temperature of the heating component (9) is gradually reduced to room temperature; Step 5: Start welding; Step 6: After welding is completed, the tailstock side fixture leaves the workpiece to be welded (4) on the tailstock side, and the sliding table box is moved back to the initial position, completing the entire welding process.

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