Lodging-resistant high-yield silicon fertilizer for avena nuda and application of silicon fertilizer

Abstract

The invention discloses a lodging-resistant high-yield silicon fertilizer for naked oats and application of the silicon fertilizer, and relates to the technical field of silicon fertilizer application for oats. The invention relates to a lodging-resistant high-yield silicon fertilizer for naked oat. The application amount of effective silicon in the silicon fertilizer is 60-90kg / hm < 2 >; and the silicon fertilizer is analytically pure sodium silicate Na2SiO3. 5H2O. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the According to the lodging-resistant high-yield silicon fertilizer for avena nuda and the application of the silicon fertilizer, when the application amount of the silicon fertilizer is 60-90 kg / hm < 2 >, the lodging-resistant performance of the avena nuda can be remarkably improved, and the main effect is that the breaking resistance and the puncture strength of stalks are improved; the biomass and the yield of the naked oat are increased, which are mainly embodied in that the ear length is increased, the number of effective ears per unit area is increased, and the number of spikelet per plant, the number of grains per plant, the weight of grains per plant, the weight of thousand grains and the yield of grains are increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of oat application silicon fertilizer, in particular to a naked oat lodging-resistant high-yield silicon fertilizer and the application of the silicon fertilizer. Background Art

[0002] In the actual production process of naked oats, lodging will cause huge losses to the quality and yield of naked oats, greatly limiting the production and processing of naked oats. At present, in the research of rice, corn, wheat and other gramineous crops, the application of silicon fertilizer can increase the stem thickness and wall thickness of the base stem nodes of crops, increase the number and compactness of stem cell layers, shorten the length of the base stem nodes, increase the stem bending resistance, improve the crop's resistance to lodging, and at the same time increase the dry weight of stems and leaves, the aboveground part and the total dry matter accumulation, coordinate the source-sink relationship, and thus play the effect of increasing yield and resisting lodging.

[0003] Oats are a silicon-loving crop, and silicon has a good promoting and regulating effect on the growth of oats. However, there is a lack of in-depth research on the effect of silicon fertilizer application on the lodging resistance and yield of naked oats.

[0004] At present, oat cultivation mainly uses different sowing methods and spraying plant growth regulators to slow down the occurrence of oat lodging in the late growth period. Among them, different sowing methods, such as wide-width uniform sowing, shrinking row strip drip irrigation and other planting modes; or spraying different plant growth regulators, such as spraying paclobutrazol, chlormequat, mepiquat and other plant growth regulators, are used to regulate the yield and lodging resistance of oat populations. However, there is a lack of fertilizers to improve the yield and lodging resistance of oat populations. Summary of the invention

[0005] To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a naked oat lodging-resistant and high-yield silicon fertilizer and the application of silicon fertilizer. Naked oat varieties with different lodging types are used as test materials. The effects of different silicon fertilizer application levels on the lodging resistance and yield of naked oats are deeply studied, aiming to clarify the optimal level of silicon application for naked oats, which has important practical significance for guiding the efficient production of naked oats.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a naked oat lodging resistance and high-yield silicon fertilizer, wherein the effective silicon application amount of the silicon fertilizer is 60-90 kg / hm 2 .

[0007] Preferably, the silicon fertilizer is analytically pure sodium silicate Na2SiO3·5H2O.

[0008] Preferably, the silicon fertilizer is mixed with base fertilizer for application.

[0009] The naked oat lodging resistance and high-yield silicon fertilizer and the application of the silicon fertilizer of the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0010] (1) The present invention uses naked oat varieties with different lodging types as test materials, and conducts in-depth research on the lodging resistance and yield of naked oats through different silicon fertilizer application levels. It is found that silicon application can effectively enhance the lodging resistance of crops, improve the lodging resistance of crops, and increase the yield of crops.

[0011] (2) When the silicon fertilizer application rate is 60-90 kg / hm 2 It can significantly improve the lodging resistance of naked oats, which is mainly reflected in the increase of stem bending resistance and stem puncture strength; increase the biomass and yield of naked oats, which is mainly reflected in the increase of ear length, the number of effective ears per unit area, the number of spikelets per plant, the number of grains per ear, the grain weight per ear, the thousand-grain weight, and the grain yield.

[0012] (3) Silicon fertilizer is applied by mixing it with base fertilizer. Compared with spraying plant growth regulators, it reduces labor input and saves costs.

[0013] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention are further described in detail in conjunction with the embodiments below. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work belong to the scope of protection of this application.

[0015] Embodiment 1

[0016] (1) Test materials: Two naked oat varieties with significant differences in lodging resistance were selected as test materials, Baiyan No. 2 (a lodging-resistant variety) and Zhangyou No. 9 (a lodging-sensitive variety).

[0017] (2) Experimental design: Under field test conditions, the experiment was conducted in three different test sites in Wuchuan County, Hohhot City, Modern Agricultural Expo Park of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Tumote Right Banner, Baotou City, and Ulanqab City Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Chahar Right Front Banner, Ulanqab City in 2024. Two naked oat varieties, Baiyan No. 2 and Zhangyou No. 9, with large differences in lodging resistance were selected as the test materials.

[0018] Silicon fertilizer selected analytically pure sodium silicate (Na2SiO3·5H2O), and the experiment set up 5 treatments, 0kg·hm -2 (CK), 30kg·hm -2 (Si 30 ), 60kg·hm -2 (Si60 ), 90kg·hm -2 (Si 90 ) and 120kg·hm -2 (Si 120 ). When sowing, apply different amounts of silicon fertilizer and base fertilizer into the ditch at the same time with the seeds, and cover with soil to suppress. Silicon fertilizer is applied by mixing with base fertilizer. Compared with spraying plant growth regulators, it reduces labor input and saves costs.

[0019] Water management and pest control were carried out according to local conventional methods. Row sowing, row spacing 25cm, sowing depth 5cm, other field management was the same as field production.

[0020] (3) Test indicators: The indicators are measured during the grain filling period of naked oats.

[0021] ① The stem lodging index of Baiyan 2 and Zhangyou 9 in Wuchuan County, Tumote Right Banner, and Chahar Right Front Banner during the grain filling period is shown in Table 1 and Table 2 respectively:

[0022] Stalk lodging index = stalk center of gravity height (cm) × single stalk fresh weight (with ear, leaves and leaf sheaths, g) / stalk bending strength (N).

[0023] Table 1 Stem lodging index of Baiyan 2 during grain filling period in Wuchuan County, Tumote Right Banner and Chahar Right Front Banner

[0024]

[0025] Note: The data in the table are all mean ± standard deviation. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different silicon fertilizer concentrations at the same location (p<0.05).

[0026] As shown in Table 1, the stem lodging index of Baiyan 2 in Wuchuan County, Tumote Right Banner, and Chahar Right Front Banner during the grain filling period showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing with the increase of silicon fertilizer application, and the application of silicon fertilizer at 60 kg / hm 2 The lodging resistance index of Wuchuan County, Tumote Right Banner and Chahar Right Front Banner is 60kg / hm 2 、90kg / hm 2 Under the conditions of silicon fertilizer application, the application rates were 9.56% and 5.69% lower than those of CK; 31.4% and 13.1%; and 18.2% and 14.1% lower respectively.

[0027] Table 2 Stem lodging index of Ji Zhangyou 9 in Wuchuan County, Tumote Right Banner and Chahar Right Front Banner during the grain filling period

[0028]

[0029] Note: The data in the table are all mean ± standard deviation. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different silicon fertilizer concentrations at the same location (p<0.05).

[0030] As shown in Table 2, the stem lodging index of Ji Zhangyou No. 9 in Wuchuan County, Tumote Right Banner, and Chahar Right Front Banner during the grain filling period showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing with the increase of silicon fertilizer application. 2 The lodging resistance index of Wuchuan County, Tumote Right Banner and Chahar Right Front Banner is 60kg / hm 2 、90kg / hm 2 Under the conditions of silicon fertilizer application, the application rates were 14.8% and 8.16% lower than those of CK; 12.2% and 3.39%; and 17.5% and 15.3% lower than those of CK.

[0031] ② The stem bending strength of Baiyan 2 and Zhangyou 9 in Wuchuan County, Tumote Right Banner, and Chahar Right Front Banner during the grain filling period are shown in Table 3 and Table 4 respectively:

[0032] Stem bending strength (N): measured with YYD-1 stem strength tester, place the second stem node (without leaf sheath) in the groove of the stem strength tester, with the distance between the two supporting points being 2 cm, align the midpoint of the internode to be measured with the midpoint of the stem strength tester, then slowly apply pressure to the midpoint of the internode until it breaks, and the maximum force that breaks the stem is the stem bending strength of that internode.

[0033] Table 3 Stem bending strength of Baiyan 2 in Wuchuan County, Tumote Right Banner and Chahar Right Front Banner during the grain filling period

[0034]

[0035]

[0036] Note: The data in the table are all mean ± standard deviation. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different silicon fertilizer concentrations at the same location (p<0.05).

[0037] As shown in Table 3, the stem lodging index of Baiyan 2 in Wuchuan County, Tumote Right Banner, and Chahar Right Front Banner during the grain filling period showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing with the increase of silicon fertilizer application, and the application of silicon fertilizer at 90 kg / hm 2 The stem bending resistance is the highest at 30kg / hm. The stem bending resistance of Wuchuan County, Tumote Right Banner, and Chahar Right Front Banner is 30kg / hm 2 、60kg / hm 2 、90kg / hm 2 、120kg / hm 2Under the conditions of silicon fertilizer application, the application rates were 14.9%, 34.9%, 39.4%, and 2.88% higher than those of CK; 15.2%, 37.2%, 29.7%, and 13.6%; and 29.9%, 54.2%, 70.2%, and 15.3% higher than those of CK respectively.

[0038] Table 4 Stem bending strength of Ji Zhangyou 9 in Wuchuan County, Tumote Right Banner and Chahar Right Front Banner during the grain filling period

[0039]

[0040] Note: The data in the table are all mean ± standard deviation. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different silicon fertilizer concentrations at the same location (p<0.05).

[0041] As shown in Table 4, the stem lodging index of Ji Zhangyou No. 9 in Wuchuan County, Tumote Right Banner, and Chahar Right Front Banner during the grain filling period showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing with the increase of silicon fertilizer application. 2 The stem bending resistance is the highest at 30kg / hm. The stem bending resistance of Wuchuan County, Tumote Right Banner, and Chahar Right Front Banner is 30kg / hm 2 、60kg / hm 2 、90kg / hm 2 、120kg / hm 2 Under the conditions of silicon fertilizer application, the application rates of these fertilizers were 29.7%, 52.9%, 50.3% and 39.6% higher than those of CK; 16.9%, 33.8%, 26.8% and 2.16%; and 9.86%, 41.3%, 43.8% and 1.86% higher than those of CK respectively.

[0042] ③ The stem puncture strength of Baiyan 2 and Zhangyou 9 in Wuchuan County, Tumote Right Banner, Chahar Right Front Banner during the grain filling period are shown in Table 5 and Table 6 respectively:

[0043] Stem puncture strength (N): measured using a YYD-1A portable plant stem strength meter with a puncture probe (cross-sectional area of ​​1 mm 2 ), place the first and second nodes after removing the leaf sheath in the groove, adjust the distance between the two fulcrums to 5 cm, insert it vertically downward into the middle of the internode with a steady force at a uniform speed, and the maximum value recorded when the probe instantly penetrates into the stem is the stem puncture strength.

[0044] Table 5 Stem puncture strength of Baiyan 2 in Wuchuan County, Tumote Right Banner and Chahar Right Front Banner during the grain filling period

[0045]

[0046] Note: The data in the table are all mean ± standard deviation. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different silicon fertilizer concentrations at the same location (p<0.05).

[0047] As shown in Table 5, the stem lodging index of Baiyan 2 in Wuchuan County, Tumote Right Banner, and Chahar Right Front Banner during the grain filling period showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing with the increase of silicon fertilizer application, and the application of silicon fertilizer at 90 kg / hm 2 The stem bending resistance is the highest at 30kg / hm. The stem bending resistance of Wuchuan County, Tumote Right Banner, and Chahar Right Front Banner is 30kg / hm 2 、60kg / hm 2 、90kg / hm 2 、120kg / hm 2 Under the conditions of silicon fertilizer application, the application rates were 14.9%, 34.9%, 39.4%, and 2.88% higher than those of CK; 15.2%, 37.2%, 29.7%, and 13.6%; and 29.9%, 54.2%, 70.2%, and 15.3% higher than those of CK respectively.

[0048] Table 6 Stem puncture strength of Ji Zhangyou 9 in Wuchuan County, Tumote Right Banner and Chahar Right Front Banner during the grain filling period

[0049]

[0050] Note: The data in the table are all mean ± standard deviation. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different silicon fertilizer concentrations at the same location (p<0.05).

[0051] As shown in Table 6, the stem lodging index of Baiyan 2 in Wuchuan County, Tumote Right Banner, and Chahar Right Front Banner during the grain filling period showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing with the increase of silicon fertilizer application, and the application of silicon fertilizer at 90 kg / hm 2 The stem bending resistance is the highest at 30kg / hm. The stem bending resistance of Wuchuan County, Tumote Right Banner, and Chahar Right Front Banner is 30kg / hm 2 、60kg / hm 2 、90kg / hm 2 、120kg / hm 2 Under the conditions of silicon fertilizer application, the application rates of these fertilizers were 21.1%, 40.6%, 40.4%, and 9.37% higher than those of CK; 16.1%, 36.1%, 35.1%, and 25.0%; and 9.54%, 35.1%, 33.4%, and 17.1% higher than those of CK respectively.

[0052] (4) The grain yield and yield components of Baiyan 2 and Zhangyou 9 in Wuchuan County, Tumote Right Banner, and Chahar Right Front Banner are shown in Table 7 and Table 8 respectively:

[0053] Table 7 Grain yield and yield components of Baiyan 2 in Wuchuan County, Tumote Right Banner and Chahar Right Front Banner

[0054]

[0055] Note: The data in the table are all mean ± standard deviation. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different silicon fertilizer concentrations at the same location (p<0.05).

[0056] As shown in Table 7, the grain yield of Baiyan 2 in Wuchuan County, Tumote Right Banner, and Chahar Right Front Banner showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing with the increase of silicon fertilizer application, and the application of silicon fertilizer at 90kg / hm 2 At the same time, except for a few areas, the ear length, number of spikelets, number of grains per ear, grain weight per ear, and 1000-grain weight of Baiyan 2 showed a consistent trend with the grain yield, and showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of silicon fertilizer application.

[0057] The grain yield in Wuchuan County, Tumote Right Banner, and Chahar Right Front Banner is 30kg / hm2. 2 、60kg / hm 2 、90kg / hm 2 、120kg / hm 2 Under the conditions of silicon fertilizer application, the application rates of silicon fertilizer were 14.8%, 3.41%, 26.6%, and 21.0% higher than those of CK; 18.7%, 18.7%, 20.2%, and 17.3%; and 9.46%, 15.5%, 15.8%, and -2.40% higher than those of CK respectively.

[0058] The number of effective ears per unit area in Wuchuan County, Tumote Right Banner, and Chahar Right Front Banner showed an increasing trend with the increase of silicon fertilizer application, and when the silicon fertilizer application rate was 120kg / hm 2 The number of ears per unit area is the highest when the temperature is high. The number of ears per unit area in Wuchuan County, Tumote Right Banner, and Chahar Right Front Banner is 30kg / hm2. 2 、60kg / hm 2 、90kg / hm 2 、120kg / hm 2 Under the conditions of silicon fertilizer application, the rates were 8.72%, 11.1%, 11.7%, and 12.7% higher than those of CK; 7.92%, 16.8%, 21.5%, and 28.2%; and 3.04%, 5.59%, 20.9%, and 26.0% higher than those of CK respectively.

[0059] Table 8 Grain yield and yield components of Ji Zhangyou No. 9 in Wuchuan County, Tumote Right Banner and Chahar Right Front Banner

[0060]

[0061]

[0062] Note: The data in the table are all mean ± standard deviation. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different silicon fertilizer concentrations at the same location (p<0.05).

[0063] As shown in Table 8, the grain yield of Ji Zhang You No. 9 in Wuchuan County, Tumote Right Banner, and Chahar Right Front Banner was 2 At the same time, except for a few areas, the ear length, number of spikelets, number of grains per ear, grain weight per ear, 1000-grain weight, and grain yield of Ji Zhang You No. 9 showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing with the increase of silicon fertilizer application. The grain yield of Wuchuan County, Tumote Right Banner, and Chahar Right Front Banner was 30kg / hm 2 、60kg / hm 2 、90kg / hm 2 、120kg / hm 2 Under the conditions of silicon fertilizer application, the application rates were 5.57%, 20.8%, 11.3%, and 10.8% higher than CK; 10.9%, 18.4%, 17.2%, and 4.32%; and 14.7%, 29.3%, 21.6%, and -3.90% higher than CK respectively.

[0064] The number of effective ears per unit area in Wuchuan County, Tumote Right Banner, and Chahar Right Front Banner showed an increasing trend with the increase of silicon fertilizer application, and when the silicon fertilizer application rate was 120kg / hm 2 The number of ears per unit area is the highest when the temperature is high. The number of ears per unit area in Wuchuan County, Tumote Right Banner, and Chahar Right Front Banner is 30kg / hm2. 2 、60kg / hm 2 、90kg / hm 2 、120kg / hm 2 Under the conditions of silicon fertilizer application, the application rates were 11.7%, 16.3%, 24.8%, and 33.7% higher than those of CK; 3.04%, 5.59%, 20.9%, and 26.0%; and 9.12%, 16.7%, 10.4%, and 30.3% higher than those of CK respectively.

[0065] (5) Results analysis

[0066] The seed yield and yield components, stem bending resistance and stem puncture strength of naked oats first increased and then decreased with the increase of silicon fertilizer application, and the stem lodging index first decreased and then increased with the increase of silicon fertilizer application.

[0067] Therefore, silicon fertilizer application 60kg / hm 2 The naked oat lodging resistance and grain yield are the highest at this time. For naked oat varieties with strong lodging resistance, the silicon fertilizer application rate can be increased to 90kg / hm 2 At the same time, the grain yield and lodging resistance of naked oats are improved.

[0068] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify or replace the technical solution of the present invention with equivalents, and these modifications or equivalent replacements cannot cause the modified technical solution to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A naked oat lodging resistance high-yield silicon fertilizer, characterized in that: The effective silicon application amount in the silicon fertilizer is 60-90kg / hm 2 .

2. The naked oat lodging resistance and high-yield silicon fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The silicon fertilizer is analytically pure sodium silicate Na2SiO3·5H2O.

3. The naked oat lodging resistance and high-yield silicon fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The silicon fertilizer is mixed with base fertilizer for application.

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