Rock-soil layer anchor rod reinforcing construction method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of anchor rod reinforcement, and particularly discloses a rock-soil layer anchor rod reinforcement construction method which comprises the following steps: designing a multidirectional anchor rod reinforcement structure; according to specific conditions of a rock-soil layer, the length, the diameter, the spacing and the inclination angle of the anchor rods are optimized; drilling is conducted in the rock-soil layer, and it is ensured that the drilling precision and depth meet the design requirements; and after drilling is completed, an anchor rod is installed, and grouting operation is conducted. By monitoring and evaluating the stability and safety of the reinforcing structure in real time, potential safety hazards can be found and early warned in time, the safety and stability of an engineering structure can be ensured, important reference can be provided for subsequent maintenance and management, application of a comprehensive reinforcing effect formula can be evaluated, the reinforcing effect can be quantitatively evaluated, and the safety of the engineering structure is improved. Scientific basis is provided for subsequent reinforcement design and optimization, and the durability and the service life of the reinforced structure can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of anchor rod reinforcement, and in particular relates to a rock and soil layer anchor rod reinforcement construction method. Background Art

[0002] Rock and soil layer anchor reinforcement is a reinforcement method that installs anchors in the rock and soil and uses the bonding or friction between the anchors and the rock and soil to improve the overall stability and bearing capacity of the rock and soil. Its main purpose is to enhance the anti-slip and anti-overturning capabilities of the rock and soil layer, prevent the displacement or collapse of the rock and soil, and thus ensure the safety and stability of the engineering structure.

[0003] However, the traditional method of rock and soil reinforcement mainly relies on vertical anchor rods to enhance the stability of the rock and soil layer by applying prestress. However, when faced with complex and changeable rock and soil conditions, a single vertical anchor rod is often difficult to fully cope with the shear and tensile deformation of the rock and soil layer, resulting in limited reinforcement effect; in addition, in the prior art, when grouting is performed after the installation of the anchor rod, the effect of the grouting operation cannot be quantitatively evaluated, and after the rock and soil layer reinforcement is completed, the reinforcement effect cannot be quantitatively evaluated. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a rock and soil layer anchor reinforcement construction method to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A rock and soil layer anchor reinforcement construction method comprises the following steps:

[0007] S1. Design a multi-directional anchor reinforcement structure, which includes vertical anchors, horizontal anchors and inclined anchors to form a three-dimensional reinforcement network, in which the vertical anchors are used to provide vertical support, and the horizontal anchors and inclined anchors are used to enhance the lateral constraints of the rock layer and resist shear and tensile deformation;

[0008] S2. Optimize the length, diameter, spacing and inclination angle of the anchor rods according to the specific conditions of the rock and soil layers;

[0009] S3. Drill holes in the rock and soil layer to ensure that the accuracy and depth of the holes meet the design requirements;

[0010] S4. After drilling is completed, install anchor rods and perform grouting operations;

[0011] S5. Use intelligent grouting system to monitor grouting pressure and grouting volume in real time, apply the grouting effect evaluation formula to ensure the uniformity and integrity of grouting operation;

[0012] S6. Adopt intelligent prestressing system to monitor the stress state of anchor rods in real time and automatically adjust the prestress as needed;

[0013] S7. According to the deformation of the rock and soil layer and the stress state of the anchor rod, the prestressing force is adjusted dynamically by applying the formula for evaluating the prestressing force adjustment efficiency;

[0014] S8. After the reinforcement structure is completed, install intelligent monitoring sensors to monitor the deformation of the rock and soil layer and the stress state of the anchor rod in real time;

[0015] S9. Based on the monitoring data, apply the comprehensive reinforcement effect evaluation formula, timely warn of potential safety hazards, and formulate corresponding maintenance measures.

[0016] Furthermore, in step S2, the specific conditions of the rock and soil layers specifically include soil layer thickness, soil properties and groundwater conditions.

[0017] Furthermore, in step S5, the intelligent grouting system includes a grouting pressure sensor, a grouting volume sensor and a grouting controller, and the grouting controller automatically adjusts the grouting pressure and the grouting volume according to the real-time data of the grouting pressure sensor and the grouting volume sensor.

[0018] Further, in step S5, the formula for evaluating the grouting effect is:

[0019]

[0020] Where: ∑p(t) (∑p is a function of time t) is the grouting effect evaluation index, which indicates the uniformity and integrity of the grouting operation within time t; P(s) (P is a function of time s) is the real-time monitoring value of the grouting pressure, unit: MPa; Q(s) (Q is a function of time s) is the real-time monitoring value of the grouting volume, unit: L; R(u) (R is a function of time u) is the real-time monitoring value of the grouting uniformity, is the average value of the real-time monitoring value of grouting uniformity, σR is the standard deviation of grouting uniformity, P max Q is the maximum value of grouting pressure, unit: MPa; max is the maximum grouting volume, unit: L; time t, s, u unit is second;

[0021] The calculation formula of the real-time monitoring value R(u) of grouting uniformity is:

[0022]

[0023] Where: P(x,t): grouting pressure at position x and time t, unit: MPa;

[0024] Q(x,t): grouting flow rate at position x and time t, unit: L / min;

[0025] D(x,t): density of the grouting material at position x and time t, unit: g / cm 3 ;

[0026] L: total length of grouting pipeline, unit: m;

[0027] T: total time of grouting process, unit: min;

[0028] Γ(·): gamma function, used for weight adjustment in complex summation;

[0029] σ(·): standard deviation function, used to evaluate grouting uniformity;

[0030] ∫F(·): complex information filtering function, used to remove noise data during the grouting process;

[0031] μ(P(x,·)): average value of grouting pressure at position x;

[0032] σ(P(x,·)): standard deviation of grouting pressure at position x;

[0033] exp(·) represents the natural exponential function;

[0034] dtdx means integrating t from 0 to T first, and then integrating x from 0 to L;

[0035] The value range of R(u) is [0,1]; R(u) = 1 means that the grouting is completely uniform, R(u) = 0 means that the grouting is completely non-uniform, and the larger the value, the better the grouting uniformity;

[0036] The complex information filtering function ∫F(·) is:

[0037]

[0038] Where, D(·,t): density of grouting material at time t, unit: g / cm 3 ;

[0039] μ(D(·,t)): average value of grouting pressure at time t;

[0040] σ(D(·,t)): standard deviation of grouting pressure at time t;

[0041] This function is used to smooth the density data of grouting materials and reduce the impact of noise on the evaluation of grouting uniformity.

[0042] Furthermore, in step S6, the intelligent prestressing system includes a stress sensor, a prestressing controller and a prestressing adjusting device. The prestressing controller automatically adjusts the prestressing adjusting device according to real-time data of the stress sensor to maintain the prestress of the anchor rod within a preset range.

[0043] Further, in step S7, the formula for evaluating the prestressing adjustment efficiency is:

[0044]

[0045] Wherein: ∑σ(t) is the prestress adjustment efficiency evaluation index, σ(s) is the real-time monitoring value of anchor stress, σinit is the initial stress of anchor, σmax is the maximum value of anchor stress, σmin is the minimum value of anchor stress, Δσ(s) is the change of anchor stress, and the value range is: ∑σ(t)∈[0,1]. The larger the value, the higher the prestress adjustment efficiency.

[0046] Furthermore, in step S8, the intelligent monitoring sensor includes a displacement sensor, a stress sensor and a vibration sensor, which are used to monitor the deformation of the rock and soil layer and the stress state of the anchor rod in real time.

[0047] Furthermore, in step S9, the formula for evaluating the comprehensive reinforcement effect is:

[0048]

[0049] Where: total (t) is the comprehensive reinforcement effect evaluation index, ε(s) is the real-time monitoring value of the rock and soil layer deformation, εmax is the maximum value of the rock and soil layer deformation, and the other characters are explained as above. The value range is: ∑ total (t)∈[0,1], the larger the value, the better the comprehensive reinforcement effect.

[0050] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0051] (1) The present invention realizes all-round reinforcement of the rock and soil layer by designing a multi-directional anchor reinforcement structure. Compared with the traditional reinforcement method that only relies on vertical anchors, this structure can more effectively cope with the complex and changeable rock and soil conditions, especially resist shear and tensile deformation, thereby significantly improving the overall stability and bearing capacity of the rock and soil layer. The formation of a three-dimensional reinforcement network also enhances the overall synergy of the rock and soil layer, making the reinforcement effect more uniform and reliable.

[0052] (2) The present invention realizes precise control and real-time monitoring of grouting operations by adopting an intelligent grouting system, which can not only ensure the uniform distribution and complete filling of grouting materials, but also timely discover and solve problems in the grouting process, thereby improving the quality and efficiency of the grouting operation. In addition, the application of the grouting effect evaluation formula can also quantitatively evaluate the effect of the grouting operation, providing an important basis for the subsequent prestressing and reinforcement effect evaluation.

[0053] (3) The present invention can timely discover and warn of potential safety hazards by real-time monitoring and evaluating the stability and safety of the reinforced structure, which can not only ensure the safety and stability of the engineering structure, but also provide an important reference for subsequent maintenance and management. The application of the comprehensive reinforcement effect evaluation formula can quantitatively evaluate the reinforcement effect and provide a scientific basis for subsequent reinforcement design and optimization. The formation of this long-term monitoring and evaluation mechanism can also help improve the durability and service life of the reinforced structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0054] Figure 1 The present invention is a flow chart of the rock and soil layer anchor reinforcement construction method. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0056] Embodiment 1

[0057] See also Figure 1 As shown, a rock and soil layer anchor reinforcement construction method comprises the following steps:

[0058] S1. Design a multi-directional anchor reinforcement structure, which includes vertical anchors, horizontal anchors and inclined anchors to form a three-dimensional reinforcement network, in which the vertical anchors are used to provide vertical support, and the horizontal anchors and inclined anchors are used to enhance the lateral constraints of the rock layer and resist shear and tensile deformation;

[0059] S2. Optimize the length, diameter, spacing and inclination angle of the anchor rods according to the specific conditions of the rock and soil layers;

[0060] S3. Use advanced drilling technology to drill holes in the rock and soil layers to ensure that the accuracy and depth of the holes meet the design requirements;

[0061] S4. After the drilling is completed, the anchor rod is installed and grouting is carried out. The grouting material has good fluidity and curing properties;

[0062] S5. Use intelligent grouting system to monitor grouting pressure and grouting volume in real time, apply the grouting effect evaluation formula to ensure the uniformity and integrity of grouting operation;

[0063] S6. Adopt intelligent prestressing system to monitor the stress state of anchor rods in real time and automatically adjust the prestress as needed;

[0064] S7. According to the deformation of the rock and soil layer and the stress state of the anchor rod, the prestressing force is adjusted dynamically by applying the formula for evaluating the prestressing force adjustment efficiency;

[0065] S8. After the reinforcement structure is completed, install intelligent monitoring sensors to monitor the deformation of the rock and soil layer and the stress state of the anchor rod in real time;

[0066] S9. Based on the monitoring data, apply the comprehensive reinforcement effect evaluation formula, timely warn of potential safety hazards, and formulate corresponding maintenance measures.

[0067] In step S1, the multi-directional anchor reinforcement structure is particularly suitable for complex and changeable rock and soil conditions, such as uneven soil thickness, large differences in soil properties or the presence of groundwater. Under these conditions, the traditional single vertical anchor reinforcement method is often difficult to achieve an ideal reinforcement effect, while the multi-directional anchor reinforcement structure can provide a more comprehensive and effective reinforcement solution. In addition, the multi-directional anchor reinforcement structure can also be widely used in various geotechnical engineering fields, such as slope reinforcement, foundation pit support, tunnel excavation, etc., and has broad practical value and promotion prospects.

[0068] In step S2, the specific conditions of the rock and soil layers specifically include soil layer thickness, soil properties and groundwater conditions.

[0069] In step S4, the grouting material is a high-strength, low-shrinkage, and water-resistant grouting material.

[0070] In step S5, the intelligent grouting system includes a grouting pressure sensor, a grouting volume sensor and a grouting controller. The grouting controller automatically adjusts the grouting pressure and grouting volume according to the real-time data of the grouting pressure sensor and the grouting volume sensor.

[0071] The formula for evaluating the grouting effect is:

[0072]

[0073] Where: ∑p(t) (∑p is a function of time t) is the grouting effect evaluation index, which indicates the uniformity and integrity of the grouting operation within time t; P(s) (P is a function of time s) is the real-time monitoring value of the grouting pressure, unit: MPa; Q(s) (Q is a function of time s) is the real-time monitoring value of the grouting volume, unit: L; R(u) (R is a function of time u) is the real-time monitoring value of the grouting uniformity, is the average value of the real-time monitoring value of grouting uniformity, σR is the standard deviation of grouting uniformity, P max Q is the maximum value of grouting pressure, unit: MPa; max is the maximum grouting volume, unit: L; time t, s, u unit is second;

[0074] Among them, time t is used as the upper limit of integration, which represents the cumulative effect from the initial moment to the current moment t; time s is used as the integral variable, which represents one of the real-time monitoring values ​​of grouting pressure, grouting amount, anchor stress and rock and soil deformation at a certain moment in the time period t; time u is a further subdivision of time s, which is used to describe the change of grouting uniformity in the grouting effect evaluation; ds is used as the differential of the integral variable s to calculate the cumulative effect of a certain function (such as grouting pressure, grouting amount, anchor stress and rock and soil deformation) in the time period from 0 to t; value range: ∑p(t)∈[0,1], the larger the value, the better the grouting effect.

[0075] The calculation formula of the real-time monitoring value R(u) of grouting uniformity is:

[0076]

[0077] Where: P(x,t): grouting pressure at position x and time t, unit: MPa;

[0078] Q(x,t): grouting flow rate at position x and time t, unit: L / min;

[0079] D(x,t): density of the grouting material at position x and time t, unit: g / cm 3 ;

[0080] L: total length of grouting pipeline, unit: m;

[0081] T: total time of grouting process, unit: min;

[0082] Γ(·): gamma function, used for weight adjustment in complex summation;

[0083] σ(·): standard deviation function, used to evaluate grouting uniformity;

[0084] ∫F(·): complex information filtering function, used to remove noise data during the grouting process;

[0085] μ(P(x,·)): average value of grouting pressure at position x;

[0086] σ(P(x,·)): standard deviation of grouting pressure at position x;

[0087] exp(·) represents the natural exponential function, which is used to transform the deviation between the grouting pressure and its mean value nonlinearly, thereby emphasizing the impact of large deviations on the grouting uniformity assessment. Specifically, when the grouting pressure is close to its mean value, the term in the exp(·) function is close to 0, making the contribution of the grouting pressure at this location to Ru greater; when the grouting pressure is far from its mean value, the term in the exp(·) function increases, resulting in a decrease in the contribution of the grouting pressure at this location to R(u);

[0088] dtdx means integrating t from 0 to T (inner integration) first, and then integrating x from 0 to L (outer integration);

[0089] The value range of R(u) is [0,1]. Among them, R(u) = 1 means that the grouting is completely uniform, and R(u) = 0 means that the grouting is completely non-uniform. The larger the value, the better the grouting uniformity. When R(u) is close to 1, it means that the pressure, flow rate and density distribution during the grouting process are relatively uniform; when R(u) is close to 0, it means that there is a large non-uniformity in the distribution of these parameters during the grouting process.

[0090] The complex information filtering function ∫F(·) is:

[0091]

[0092] Where, D(·,t): density of grouting material at time t, unit: g / cm 3 ;

[0093] μ(D(·,t)): average value of grouting pressure at time t;

[0094] σ(D(·,t)): standard deviation of grouting pressure at time t;

[0095] This function is used to smooth the density data of grouting materials and reduce the impact of noise on the evaluation of grouting uniformity.

[0096] In step S6, the intelligent prestressing system includes a stress sensor, a prestressing controller and a prestressing adjusting device. The prestressing controller automatically adjusts the prestressing adjusting device according to the real-time data of the stress sensor to maintain the prestress of the anchor rod within a preset range.

[0097] In step S7, the formula for evaluating the prestressing adjustment efficiency is:

[0098]

[0099] Wherein: ∑σ(t) (∑σ is a function of time t) is the prestress adjustment efficiency evaluation index, σ(s) (σ is a function of time s) is the real-time monitoring value of anchor stress, σinit is the initial stress of the anchor, σmax is the maximum stress of the anchor, σmin is the minimum stress of the anchor, Δσ(s) (Δσ is a function of time s) is the change in anchor stress, and the value range is: ∑σ(t)∈[0,1]. The larger the value, the higher the prestress adjustment efficiency.

[0100] In step S8, the intelligent monitoring sensors include displacement sensors, stress sensors and vibration sensors, which are used to monitor the deformation of the rock and soil layer and the stress state of the anchor rod in real time.

[0101] In step S9, the stability and safety of the reinforced structure are regularly evaluated based on the long-term monitoring data, and maintenance measures are adjusted according to the evaluation results.

[0102] The formula for evaluating the comprehensive reinforcement effect is:

[0103]

[0104] Where: total (t) (∑total is a function of time t) is the comprehensive reinforcement effect evaluation index, ε(s) (ε is a function of time s) is the real-time monitoring value of the deformation of the rock and soil layer, εmax is the maximum deformation of the rock and soil layer, and the other characters are explained as above. The range is: ∑ total (t)∈[0,1], the larger the value, the better the comprehensive reinforcement effect.

[0105] Through real-time monitoring and dynamic adjustment strategies, the effectiveness and safety of rock and soil anchor reinforcement construction can be ensured.

[0106] First, according to the geological survey report and the actual situation on site, a three-dimensional reinforcement network including vertical anchors, horizontal anchors and inclined anchors was constructed. In view of the geological characteristics of the slope project, especially in areas with abundant groundwater, the density of inclined anchors was increased to enhance the lateral restraint capacity of the area. The setting of inclined anchors not only helps to resist shear deformation, but also effectively guides the flow of groundwater and reduces its impact on the reinforced structure.

[0107] In terms of optimization of anchor parameters, the properties of soil and rock, changes in groundwater levels, and stability requirements of the slope were comprehensively considered. Through detailed calculation and analysis, the length, diameter, spacing, and inclination angle of the anchors were determined to ensure that they can meet the overall stability and bearing capacity requirements of the reinforced structure.

[0108] In the process of drilling and installing anchor rods, advanced drilling technology is used to ensure that the accuracy and depth of the drilling meet the design requirements. At the same time, the geological changes during the drilling process are monitored in real time and the drilling parameters are adjusted in time to avoid unnecessary damage to the surrounding rock and soil layers.

[0109] Grouting is a key step in reinforcing structures. An intelligent grouting system is used to ensure the uniformity and integrity of grouting by real-time monitoring of grouting pressure and grouting volume. Grouting materials with high strength, low shrinkage and water resistance are selected to meet various challenges under complex geological conditions. During the grouting process, the intelligent grouting system automatically adjusts the grouting pressure and grouting volume according to real-time monitoring data to ensure the best grouting effect.

[0110] Real-time monitoring and dynamic adjustment of prestressing force The intelligent prestressing system is used to monitor the stress state of the anchor rod in real time. In the early stage of reinforcement, the stress state of the anchor rod will fluctuate greatly due to the deformation of the rock and soil layer and the change of groundwater. Through the intelligent prestressing system, the size of the prestress is dynamically adjusted according to the real-time monitoring data to ensure that the anchor rod always maintains the best working state. This dynamic adjustment strategy not only improves the stability of the reinforced structure, but also effectively extends the service life of the anchor rod.

[0111] In terms of long-term monitoring and evaluation, intelligent monitoring sensors are installed to monitor the deformation of the rock and soil layers and the stress state of the anchor rods in real time. Based on the long-term monitoring data, the stability and safety of the reinforced structure are regularly evaluated, and maintenance measures are adjusted according to the evaluation results. The formation of this long-term monitoring and evaluation mechanism helps to timely discover and warn potential safety hazards, and provides an important reference for subsequent maintenance and management.

[0112] In addition, the formula for evaluating the grouting effect and the formula for evaluating the prestressing adjustment efficiency were combined to quantitatively evaluate the effects of the grouting operation and prestressing adjustment. This not only provides a scientific basis for subsequent reinforcement design and optimization, but also helps to improve the overall performance and durability of the reinforced structure.

[0113] The method of the present invention is applicable to large-scale slope reinforcement projects with extremely complex geological conditions, multiple layers of soil and rock of different properties, and abundant groundwater, as well as to tunnel excavation projects in mountainous areas, where extreme weather conditions occur frequently, such as heavy rains, landslides and other natural disasters, which pose great challenges to tunnel excavation and anchor reinforcement work.

[0114] 1. In large-scale slope reinforcement projects with extremely complex geological conditions, multiple layers of soil and rock with different properties, and abundant groundwater, the geological conditions are extremely complex, there are multiple layers of soil and rock with different properties, and abundant groundwater. In view of this special situation, the following implementation steps are adopted:

[0115] Design of multi-directional anchor reinforcement structure: Based on the geological survey report, a three-dimensional reinforcement network consisting of vertical anchors, horizontal anchors and inclined anchors was designed. In particular, for areas with abundant groundwater, the density of inclined anchors was increased to enhance the lateral restraint capacity of the area.

[0116] Optimization of anchor parameters: The length, diameter, spacing and inclination angle of the anchors were calculated and optimized in detail according to the properties of the soil and rock, as well as the changes in the groundwater level.

[0117] Drilling and installing anchor rods: Use advanced drilling technology to accurately drill holes in the rock and soil layers and install anchor rods. During the drilling process, the accuracy and depth of the drilling are monitored in real time to ensure that the design requirements are met.

[0118] Intelligent grouting operation: The intelligent grouting system is used to monitor the grouting pressure and grouting volume in real time. The grouting materials are selected with high strength, low shrinkage and water resistance to ensure the uniformity and integrity of the grouting operation. During the grouting process, the grouting pressure and grouting volume are automatically adjusted according to the real-time monitoring data to ensure the best grouting effect.

[0119] Real-time monitoring and dynamic adjustment of prestress: The intelligent prestressing system is used to monitor the stress state of the anchor rod in real time. In the early stage of reinforcement, the stress state of the anchor rod will fluctuate greatly due to the deformation of the rock and soil layer and the change of groundwater. According to the real-time monitoring data, the size of the prestress is dynamically adjusted to ensure that the anchor rod is always in the best working condition.

[0120] Long-term monitoring and evaluation: After the reinforcement structure is completed, intelligent monitoring sensors are installed to monitor the deformation of the rock and soil layer and the stress state of the anchor rods in real time. Based on the long-term monitoring data, the stability and safety of the reinforcement structure are regularly evaluated, and maintenance measures are adjusted according to the evaluation results.

[0121] Through real-time monitoring and dynamic adjustment, the project successfully coped with the challenges under complex geological conditions and ensured the stability and safety of the slope. The application of intelligent grouting system and intelligent prestressing system significantly improved the quality and efficiency of reinforcement work.

[0122] 2. Design a multi-directional anchor reinforcement structure in mountain tunneling projects: Based on the geological conditions of tunneling and the characteristics of extreme weather, a three-dimensional reinforcement network consisting of vertical anchors, horizontal anchors and inclined anchors was designed. In particular, for areas prone to landslides, the density and length of anchors were increased to enhance the anti-slip ability of the area.

[0123] Intelligent grouting and prestressing: Similar to the first embodiment, an intelligent grouting system and an intelligent prestressing system are used to ensure the uniformity and integrity of the grouting operation and that the prestressing of the anchor rod is always in the best state. After the reinforcement structure is completed, an intelligent monitoring sensor is installed to monitor the deformation of the rock and soil layer and the stress state of the anchor rod in real time; based on the monitoring data, the comprehensive reinforcement effect evaluation formula is applied to timely warn of potential safety hazards and formulate corresponding maintenance measures.

[0124] The present invention can timely discover and warn of potential safety hazards by real-time monitoring and evaluating the stability and safety of the reinforced structure, which can not only ensure the safety and stability of the engineering structure, but also provide an important reference for subsequent maintenance and management. The application of the comprehensive reinforcement effect evaluation formula can quantitatively evaluate the reinforcement effect and provide a scientific basis for subsequent reinforcement design and optimization. The formation of this long-term monitoring and evaluation mechanism can also help improve the durability and service life of the reinforced structure.

[0125] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A rock and soil layer anchor reinforcement construction method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Design a multi-directional anchor reinforcement structure, which includes vertical anchors, horizontal anchors and inclined anchors to form a three-dimensional reinforcement network, in which the vertical anchors are used to provide vertical support, and the horizontal anchors and inclined anchors are used to enhance the lateral constraints of the rock layer and resist shear and tensile deformation; S2. Optimize the length, diameter, spacing and inclination angle of the anchor rods according to the specific conditions of the rock and soil layers; S3. Drill holes in the rock and soil layer to ensure that the accuracy and depth of the holes meet the design requirements; S4. After drilling is completed, install anchor rods and perform grouting operations; S5. Use intelligent grouting system to monitor grouting pressure and grouting volume in real time, apply the grouting effect evaluation formula to ensure the uniformity and integrity of grouting operation; S6. Adopt intelligent prestressing system to monitor the stress state of anchor rods in real time and automatically adjust the prestress as needed; S7. According to the deformation of the rock and soil layer and the stress state of the anchor rod, the prestressing force is adjusted dynamically by applying the formula for evaluating the prestressing force adjustment efficiency; S8. After the reinforcement structure is completed, install intelligent monitoring sensors to monitor the deformation of the rock and soil layer and the stress state of the anchor rod in real time; S9. Based on the monitoring data, apply the comprehensive reinforcement effect evaluation formula, timely warn of potential safety hazards, and formulate corresponding maintenance measures.

2. A rock and soil layer anchor reinforcement construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the specific conditions of the rock and soil layers specifically include soil layer thickness, soil properties and groundwater conditions.

3. The rock and soil layer anchor reinforcement construction method according to claim 1 is characterized by: In step S5, the intelligent grouting system includes a grouting pressure sensor, a grouting volume sensor and a grouting controller. The grouting controller automatically adjusts the grouting pressure and grouting volume according to the real-time data of the grouting pressure sensor and the grouting volume sensor.

4. The rock and soil layer anchor reinforcement construction method according to claim 1 is characterized by: In step S6, the intelligent prestressing system includes a stress sensor, a prestressing controller and a prestressing adjusting device. The prestressing controller automatically adjusts the prestressing adjusting device according to the real-time data of the stress sensor to maintain the prestress of the anchor rod within a preset range.

5. The rock and soil layer anchor reinforcement construction method according to claim 1 is characterized by: In step S5, the formula for evaluating the grouting effect is: Where: ∑p(t) (∑p is a function of time t) is the grouting effect evaluation index, which indicates the uniformity and integrity of the grouting operation within time t; P(s) (P is a function of time s) is the real-time monitoring value of the grouting pressure, unit: MPa; Q(s) (Q is a function of time s) is the real-time monitoring value of the grouting volume, unit: L; R(u) (R is a function of time u) is the real-time monitoring value of the grouting uniformity, is the average value of the real-time monitoring value of grouting uniformity, σR is the standard deviation of grouting uniformity, P max Q is the maximum value of grouting pressure, unit: MPa; max is the maximum grouting volume, unit: L; time t, s, u unit is second; The calculation formula of the real-time monitoring value R(u) of grouting uniformity is: Where: P(x,t): grouting pressure at position x and time t, unit: MPa; Q(x,t): grouting flow rate at position x and time t, unit: L / min; D(x,t): density of grouting material at position x and time t, unit: g / cm3; L: total length of grouting pipeline, unit: m; T: total time of grouting process, unit: min; Γ(·): gamma function, used for weight adjustment in complex summation; σ(·): standard deviation function, used to evaluate grouting uniformity; ∫F(·): complex information filtering function, used to remove noise data during the grouting process; μ(P(x,·)): average value of grouting pressure at position x; σ(P(x,·)): standard deviation of grouting pressure at position x; exp(·) represents the natural exponential function; dtdx means integrating t from 0 to T first, and then integrating x from 0 to L; The value range of R(u) is [0,1]; R(u) = 1 means that the grouting is completely uniform, R(u) = 0 means that the grouting is completely non-uniform, and the larger the value, the better the grouting uniformity; The complex information filtering function ∫F(·) is: Where, D(·,t): density of grouting material at time t, unit: g / cm 3 ; μ(D(·,t)): average value of grouting pressure at time t; σ(D(·,t)): standard deviation of grouting pressure at time t; This function is used to smooth the density data of grouting materials and reduce the impact of noise on the evaluation of grouting uniformity.

6. The rock and soil layer anchor reinforcement construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S7, the formula for evaluating the prestressing adjustment efficiency is: Where: ∑σ(t) is the prestressing adjustment efficiency evaluation index, σ(s) is the real-time monitoring value of anchor stress, σinit is the initial stress of anchor, σmax is the maximum value of anchor stress, σmin is the minimum value of anchor stress, Δσ( s ) is the change in anchor stress, with a range of ∑σ(t)∈[0,1]. The larger the value, the higher the prestressing adjustment efficiency.

7. The rock and soil layer anchor reinforcement construction method according to claim 1 is characterized by: In step S8, the intelligent monitoring sensors include displacement sensors, stress sensors and vibration sensors, which are used to monitor the deformation of the rock and soil layer and the stress state of the anchor rod in real time.

8. The rock and soil layer anchor reinforcement construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S9, the formula for evaluating the comprehensive reinforcement effect is: Where: total (t) is the comprehensive reinforcement effect evaluation index, ε(s) is the real-time monitoring value of the rock and soil layer deformation, εmax is the maximum value of the rock and soil layer deformation, and the value range is: ∑ total (t)∈[0,1], the larger the value, the better the comprehensive reinforcement effect.

Images