Multi-point tandem type slope displacement automatic monitoring device and method

Abstract

The invention provides a multi-point tandem type slope displacement automatic monitoring device and method, and relates to the technical field of displacement measurement, inclination angle measuring units are connected in series through hinges and placed in a guide rail pipe, and the top ends of the inclination angle measuring units are suspended at orifices through orifice supports; the guide rail pipe is installed in the soil body measuring hole and serves as a moving track of the inclination angle measuring unit. The gravity type telescopic deformation meter is hinged with the inclination angle measuring unit at the lowest end; the RS485 data interaction module receives data at the orifice; the observation station radio station controls a plurality of RS485 data interaction modules in one area in a wireless mode; the PC end monitoring system receives angle data of each station radio station and converts the angle data into displacement in real time. In the invention, a plurality of inclination angle measuring units are connected in series, and a data interaction module identifies each measuring unit and sends an instruction and receives data to the measuring units; the monitoring efficiency is improved through synchronous receiving of data of multiple measuring points and real-time curve generation, and the method can be widely applied to slope rock mass instability process monitoring.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of displacement measurement, and in particular to a multi-point series slope displacement automatic monitoring device and method. Background Art

[0002] Landslide is one of the typical geological disasters. It has the characteristics of complex causes, various types, concealment, and suddenness. Once it occurs, it is difficult to avoid in time. It has always been a major problem in disaster prevention and control. Scientific and accurate prediction and forecasting of slope rock instability is one of the key scientific issues that urgently need to be broken through in geotechnical engineering. The process of slope disasters includes the initiation, development and instability of landslides. This process is accompanied by a large amount of detectable information, such as surface settlement and inclination, deep displacement, microseismic, etc. However, in the field of slope rock displacement monitoring, it is impossible to accurately predict the location of the disaster. It is often necessary to deploy a large number of measuring points and adopt a single-point manual monitoring solution, which leads to huge consumption of manpower and material resources. The high cost of monitoring projects causes problems such as one-sided monitoring data and low timeliness due to insufficient distribution of measuring points, making it difficult to achieve prediction and forecasting effects.

[0003] Traditional slope measurement technologies mainly include surface displacement monitoring technology based on satellite remote sensing and deep displacement measurement technology based on inclination measurement. Satellite remote sensing technology requires good visibility conditions, and the monitoring accuracy is affected by rainy days, fog, etc., and landslide disasters often occur in areas with heavy rainfall, which greatly reduces its monitoring accuracy. In the existing inclination measurement technology, when measuring slope displacement, the sliding inclinometer probe needs to be manually pulled to stop at a certain distance and take a reading. Only one depth and one direction can be read at the same time. On the one hand, there are problems such as time-consuming, labor-intensive, low efficiency and long cycle. On the other hand, it cannot meet the needs of real-time monitoring and synchronous generation of displacement data. If multiple probes are placed in the hole, each probe needs a cable to pass through the hole mouth. The limited guide tube space limits the number of probes distributed, reducing the measurement accuracy; and once a fault occurs, it cannot be removed for repair and cannot be reused, increasing the cost of use. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the problems of time-consuming manual single-point multiple measurements in the prior art, large data fluctuations, and inability to continuously monitor in real time, as well as the technical problems of the shortcomings of existing probes such as inability to automatically monitor, discontinuous data, and inability to be flexibly spliced ​​to any length on site, the present invention provides a multi-point series slope displacement automatic monitoring device and method.

[0005] The technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention is as follows:

[0006] First aspect:

[0007] An embodiment of the present invention provides a multi-point serial slope displacement automatic monitoring device, comprising: an inclination angle measuring unit, a serial hinge, a guide rail tube, a fixing ring, an orifice bracket, a gravity telescopic deformation meter, a communication line, an RS485 data interaction module, a station radio, a 4G module and a PC-side monitoring system;

[0008] The inclination angle measuring unit is placed in the guide rail tube, the inclination angle measuring units are connected in series through the series hinges, and the top end of the inclination angle measuring unit is suspended at the orifice through the orifice bracket;

[0009] The guide rail tube is installed in the measuring hole of the rock and soil body and serves as a moving track of the inclination angle measuring unit;

[0010] The gravity-type telescopic deformation meter is hinged to the inclination angle measuring unit at the lower end;

[0011] The communication line connects the lines of each of the tilt angle measurement units in parallel;

[0012] The RS485 data interaction module receives data from the communication line at the orifice;

[0013] The station radio station controls a plurality of the RS485 data interaction modules in a region by wireless means, and receives data from the plurality of the RS485 data interaction modules;

[0014] The 4G module uploads the data of the station radio station to the Internet;

[0015] The PC-side monitoring system receives the angle data of the tilt angle measuring unit in each measuring hole of each measuring station radio station in the Internet, and converts the angle data into displacement data in real time.

[0016] Second aspect:

[0017] An embodiment of the present invention provides a multi-point series slope displacement automatic monitoring method, using the multi-point series slope displacement automatic monitoring device in the first aspect, the monitoring method includes:

[0018] S1: Place the guide rail tube into the on-site drilled hole and fill the gap between the guide rail tube and the hole wall with filling material. After solidification for about 24 hours, prepare for the next operation;

[0019] S2: Install the gravity telescopic strain gauge at the bottom of the first tilt angle measuring unit and connect its line to the communication line. Connect the remaining tilt angle measuring units in series with the series hinges in turn, and connect the line of each tilt angle measuring unit in parallel to the communication line. After the series connection is completed, connect the top tilt angle measuring unit to the fixing ring in the orifice bracket.

[0020] S3: Place the connected series device into the guide rail tube, and fix the orifice bracket at the orifice. Adjust the entire series device to a suitable position by adjusting the long screw, that is, the reading of the gravity telescopic strain gauge is at half of the range, and use a compass to locate and record the X and Y directions of the sensor;

[0021] S4: Arrange the RS485 data exchange module at the hole, connect the communication line to the terminal, and wrap it with a waterproof rain cover to prevent rain from entering;

[0022] S5: Place a station radio indoors within a 5km radius, connect it to the computer using an RS485 to USB module, and open the serial port software for reading and debugging;

[0023] S6: Connect the 4G module to the station radio to complete the data access to the network;

[0024] S7: Open the PC monitoring system to start reading data, and use the first read data as a reference to perform a zeroing operation, and convert the received angle data into x-direction displacement data and y-direction displacement data in real time;

[0025] S8: Convert the displacement data of the gravity-type telescopic strain gauge into z-direction displacement data.

[0026] The beneficial effects brought about by the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention include at least:

[0027] In the present invention, a multi-point serial slope displacement automatic monitoring device realizes the automatic collection and transmission of inclination data of multiple points in the same measuring hole, and a gravity telescopic deformer is designed at the bottom of the hole to realize the synchronous monitoring of vertical displacement, and constructs an integrated monitoring system for horizontal and vertical displacement fields; the monitoring method can identify each measuring unit, send instructions to all measuring units and receive data, realize the storage and analysis of multiple measuring hole data and the real-time generation of displacement curves, and the automated monitoring improves the monitoring efficiency and reduces the monitoring cost; each inclination angle measuring unit can be freely assembled into any length on site, and can be reused after being taken out from the guide rail tube, which solves the problems of time-consuming manual single-point multiple measurements, large data fluctuations, and inability to continuously monitor in real time, as well as the shortcomings of existing probes such as inability to automatically monitor, discontinuous data, and inability to be flexibly spliced ​​into any length on site, and can be widely used in monitoring and early warning of rock instability processes in slope engineering. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0029] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the system architecture of a multi-point series slope displacement automatic monitoring device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of a tilt angle measurement unit provided by an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 2 (a) is the main view. Figure 2 Middle (b) is the left view;

[0031] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a skeleton of a tilt angle measurement unit provided by an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 3 (a) is the main view. Figure 3 Middle (b) is the left view;

[0032] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a pulley structure in an inclination angle measurement unit provided by an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 4 (a) is the main view. Figure 4 (b) is a top view;

[0033] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of a torsion spring in a pulley provided in an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 5 (a) is the main view. Figure 5 Middle (b) is the left view;

[0034] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of a series hinge provided by an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 6 (a) is the main view. Figure 6 Middle (b) is the left view;

[0035] Figure 7 A structural schematic diagram of a gravity-type telescopic deformation meter provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 8 A schematic structural diagram of an orifice bracket provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of cumulative horizontal displacement calculation provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Fig.10 A schematic diagram of a vertical displacement calculation principle provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] [Reference Signs]

[0040] 1. Measuring point composed of multiple measuring units; 2. Tilt angle measuring unit; 201. Tilt sensor; 202. Skeleton; 203. Pulley; 204. Steel torsion spring; 205. Communication line; 206. Skeleton screw hole; 207. Pulley bearing; 208. Pulley bracket; 209. Skeleton screw rod; 210. Skeleton positioning column; 211. Series hinge; 3. Gravity telescopic deformation meter; 301. Cylindrical stainless steel block; 302. Telescopic deformation sensor; 303. Telescopic rod; 304. Connecting ball head; 4. Orifice bracket; 401. Support; 402. Long screw rod; 403. Screw hole; 404. Wire outlet hole; 405. Fixing ring; 406. Nut; 5. Guide tube; 6. Filling material; 7. Hole wall; 8. RS485 data interaction module; 9. Station radio; 10. 4G module; 11. PC monitoring system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The following is a detailed description of the lower limb structure of a bipedal walking robot capable of standing upright provided by the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. At the same time, it is explained here that in order to make the embodiments more detailed, the following embodiments are the best and preferred embodiments, and those skilled in the art may also adopt other alternatives to implement some known technologies; and the accompanying drawings are only for a more specific description of the embodiments, and are not intended to specifically limit the present invention.

[0042] It should be noted that the references to "one embodiment", "embodiment", "exemplary embodiments", "some embodiments" and the like in the specification indicate that the embodiments described may include specific features, structures or characteristics, but not every embodiment may include the specific features, structures or characteristics. In addition, when a specific feature, structure or characteristic is described in conjunction with an embodiment, it should be within the knowledge of a person skilled in the art to implement such feature, structure or characteristic in conjunction with other embodiments (whether or not explicitly described).

[0043] In general, a term can be understood, at least in part, from its use in context. For example, depending, at least in part, on the context, the term "one or more" as used herein can be used to describe any feature, structure, or characteristic in the singular sense, or can be used to describe a combination of features, structures, or characteristics in the plural sense. Additionally, the term "based on" can be understood as not necessarily intended to convey an exclusive set of factors, but can instead, depending, at least in part, on the context, allow for the presence of other factors that are not necessarily explicitly described.

[0044] Reference Manual Attached Figure 1 , showing a schematic diagram of the system architecture of a multi-point series slope displacement automatic monitoring device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] An embodiment of the present invention provides a multi-point serial slope displacement automatic monitoring device, including: an inclination angle measuring unit 2, a serial hinge 211, a guide rail tube 5, a fixing ring 405, an orifice bracket 4, a gravity telescopic deformation meter 3, a communication line 205, an RS485 data interaction module 8, a measuring station radio 9, a 4G module 10 and a PC-side monitoring system 11.

[0046] The inclination angle measuring unit 2 is placed in the guide rail tube 5 , the inclination angle measuring unit 2 is connected in series via the series hinge 211 , and the top end of the inclination angle measuring unit 2 is suspended at the orifice via the orifice bracket 4 .

[0047] The guide rail tube 5 is installed in the measuring hole of the rock and soil body and serves as a moving track of the inclination angle measuring unit 2. A filling material 6 can be used to fill the gap between the guide rail tube 5 and the hole wall 7.

[0048] The gravity type telescopic strain gauge 3 is hinged to the inclination angle measuring unit 2 at the lower end.

[0049] The communication line 205 connects the lines of each tilt angle measuring unit 2 in parallel.

[0050] The RS485 data interaction module 8 receives data from the communication line at the orifice.

[0051] The station radio 9 controls multiple RS485 data interaction modules 8 in an area by wireless means, and receives data from multiple RS485 data interaction modules 8 .

[0052] The 4G module 10 uploads the data of the station radio 9 to the Internet.

[0053] The PC-side monitoring system 11 receives the angle data of the inclination angle measuring unit 2 in each measuring hole of each measuring station radio station 9 in the Internet, and converts the angle data into displacement data in real time.

[0054] In a possible implementation manner, the inclination angle measuring unit 2 is used to monitor the angle change of the guide rail tube 5 , and the inclination angle measuring unit 2 has a unique IP address.

[0055] In a possible implementation, the inclination angle measuring unit 2 includes an inclination sensor 201 and a skeleton 202. The inclination angle sensor 201 is used to measure the angles in three directions, X, Y and Z, at one time. The skeleton 202 is used to support the inclination angle sensor 201. There are serial hinge mounting holes at both ends of the skeleton 202. The skeleton 202 includes two inclination angle measuring units 2, and the serial hinge 211 connects the two inclination angle measuring units 2 end to end. The serial hinge 211 disassembles the inclination angle measuring unit 2 into a single section, and the serial hinge 211 is used to assemble the inclination angle measuring unit 2. The inclination angle measuring unit 2 is taken out from the guide rail tube 5 and reused.

[0056] In a possible implementation, pulleys 203 are provided at both ends of the frame 202. A groove is provided on the inner wall of the guide rail tube 5. The pulley 203 moves in the groove of the guide rail tube 5, and the pulley 203 can slide in the groove without deviation.

[0057] Reference Manual Attached Figure 2 , shows a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an inclination angle measurement unit provided by an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 2 (a) is the main view. Figure 2 (b) is the left view.

[0058] In a possible implementation, the tilt angle measuring unit 2 includes: a tilt sensor 201, a skeleton 202, a pulley 203, a steel torsion spring 204, a communication line 205, a skeleton screw hole 206, a pulley bearing 207, a pulley bracket 208, a skeleton screw rod 209, a skeleton positioning column 210, and a series hinge 211. The tilt sensor 201 is fixed to the middle of the skeleton 202, and the skeleton screw rod 209 and the skeleton positioning column 210 pass through the skeleton screw hole 206 to connect the two skeletons 202 together to form an integral support structure. The pulley 203 is fixed in the skeleton to support the skeleton in the guide rail tube 5 and is centered in the hole. The pulley 203 is composed of a pulley bracket 208 and a pulley bearing 207, and the pulley bearing 207 can slide in the guide rail tube. The steel torsion spring 204 provides support force for the pulley 203 during the rotation process. The communication line 205 is arranged on the skeleton 202 and connected to the line of each tilt sensor 201. The serial hinge 211 is arranged at the end of the frame 202 and is used to connect the two tilt angle measuring units 2 .

[0059] Reference Manual Attached Figure 3 , showing a schematic diagram of a skeleton of a tilt angle measurement unit provided by an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 3 (a) is the main view. Figure 3 (b) is the left view.

[0060] Optionally, a plurality of frame screw holes 206 are arranged on the frame 202 for passing frame screw rods 209 and serving as a supporting structure for the steel torsion spring 204 .

[0061] Reference Manual Attached Figure 4 , shows a schematic diagram of a pulley structure in an inclination angle measurement unit provided by an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 4 (a) is the main view. Figure 4 (b) is a top view.

[0062] Optionally, the pulley 203 includes a pulley bracket 208 and a pulley bearing 207 , which are used for the inclination angle measuring unit 2 to slide in the guide rail tube 5 .

[0063] Reference Manual Attached Figure 5 , showing a schematic structural diagram of a steel torsion spring in a pulley provided by an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 5 (a) is the main view. Figure 5 (b) is the left view.

[0064] Optionally, the steel torsion spring 204 is fixed in the frame 202 by passing through the frame screw rod 209, one end of which is supported on another frame screw rod 209, and the other end is supported on the pulley bracket 208, forming a reaction force system for supporting the contraction of the pulley 203 in the track tube.

[0065] Reference Manual Attached Figure 6 , showing a schematic structural diagram of a series hinge provided by an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 6 (a) is the main view. Figure 6 (b) is the left view.

[0066] Optionally, one end of the series hinge 211 is fixedly connected to the frame 202 by three frame screw rods 209 and does not rotate, and the other end is connected to the frame 202 of another tilt angle measurement unit 2 by one frame screw rod 209 and can rotate.

[0067] In a possible implementation, the fixing ring 405 is connected to an inclination angle measuring unit 2 at the uppermost end via a series hinge 211, the fixing ring 405 is connected to the orifice bracket 4, the orifice bracket 4 is connected to a concrete block fixed in the orifice soil, the orifice bracket 4 is provided with a skeleton screw rod 209, the skeleton screw rod 209 is used to adjust the vertical position of the inclination angle measuring unit 2 up and down, and the inclination angle measuring unit 2 is integrated with the skeleton screw rod 209 after installation.

[0068] Reference Manual Attached Figure 8 , showing a schematic structural diagram of an orifice bracket provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0069] Optionally, the orifice bracket 4 includes a support 401, a long screw 402, a screw hole 403, a wire outlet hole 404, a fixing ring 405, and a nut 406. The support 401 fixes the entire bracket 4 to the concrete base of the orifice. The wire outlet hole 404 is used to lead the communication line 205 out of the hole. The long screw 402 passes through the screw hole 403 and can move up and down by rotating. The fixing ring 405 is used to connect the inclination angle measuring unit 2 at the top. The long screw 402 is used to control the up and down position of the inclination angle measuring unit 2, so that the entire measurement system composed of multiple inclination angle measuring units 2 can move up and down, and adjust the gravity-type telescopic strain gauge 3 at the bottom to a suitable position.

[0070] In a possible implementation, the gap between the guide rail tube 5 and the borehole wall 7 is filled with cement soil slurry, and the outer side of the guide rail tube 5 is wrapped with a smooth film, which is used to enable the guide rail tube 5 to slide vertically between the cement soil.

[0071] Reference Manual Attached Figure 7 , showing a structural schematic diagram of a gravity-type telescopic deformation meter provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0072] In a possible embodiment, the gravity-type telescopic deformometer 3 is hinged to the bottom inclination angle measuring unit 2. The gravity-type telescopic deformometer 3 is used to measure the vertical displacement of the bottom inclination angle measuring unit 2. The displacement data output by the gravity-type telescopic deformometer 3 is an RS485 signal and is connected to the communication line 205. A cylindrical stainless steel block 301 is fixed below the gravity-type telescopic deformometer 3, and the gravity of the cylindrical stainless steel block 301 is greater than the tension required for the deformation of the gravity-type telescopic deformometer 3. The cylindrical stainless steel block 301 is in contact with the bottom of the hole but is not bonded to the bottom of the hole, ensuring that the connecting ball head 304 below does not move up and down. When the stroke of the gravity-type telescopic deformometer 3 reaches its limit, the cylindrical stainless steel block 301 is separated from the bottom of the hole. So that the inclination angle measuring unit 2 can be taken out of the hole. The cylindrical stainless steel block 301 is not connected to the bottom of the drilled hole to ensure that the entire measuring device can be taken out of the hole.

[0073] In a possible implementation, the communication line 205 has the same length as each tilt angle measuring unit 2. The communication line 205 is docked with a waterproof aviation plug connector. The communication line 205 is disassembled together with each tilt angle measuring unit 2. The communication line 205 is a line bus. The communication line 205 passes through the sides of multiple tilt angle measuring units 2, and the lines of each tilt angle measuring unit 2 are connected in parallel in the communication line 205. The communication line 205 is connected to the RS485 data exchange module 8 at the orifice.

[0074] In a possible implementation, the RS485 data interaction module 8 is used to identify the IP address of each tilt angle measurement unit 2, and forward instructions or receive data to each tilt angle measurement unit 2. The RS485 data interaction module 8 is arranged at the orifice. The RS485 data interaction module 8 is connected to multiple tilt angle measurement units 2. The RS485 data interaction module 8 serves as a measuring point 1 at the orifice.

[0075] In a possible implementation, the station radio 9 controls multiple RS485 data interaction modules 8 , sends instructions to the multiple RS485 data interaction modules 8 , and receives data from the multiple RS485 data interaction modules 8 .

[0076] In a possible implementation, the PC-side monitoring system 11 receives the angle data of the tilt angle measuring unit 2 in each measuring hole of each measuring station in the Internet. The PC-side monitoring system 11 converts the received angle data into displacement data in real time and draws a displacement change curve. The PC-side monitoring system 11 supports one-to-many instruction sending, and the one-to-many instruction sending includes: sending instructions to all tilt angle measuring units 2 at one time and receiving returned data. The PC-side monitoring system 11 supports automatic online real-time data collection.

[0077] Optionally, the PC-side monitoring system 11 converts the received angle data into horizontal displacement and vertical displacement data in real time in the following calculation process:

[0078]

[0079]

[0080] Among them, l i is the length of the i-th tilt angle measurement unit, θ ix is the inclination angle of the i-th segment inclination angle measurement unit in the x direction, D x is the cumulative displacement in the x direction, θ iy is the inclination angle of the i-th segment inclination angle measurement unit in the y direction, D y is the cumulative displacement in the y direction, D is the cumulative displacement change of the inclination sensor at each point in the z direction due to the inclination of the guide tube, xy is the cumulative displacement in the x and y directions, φ iz is the slope angle of the i-th segment tilt angle measurement unit in the z direction; θ iz is the inclination angle of the i-th inclination angle measurement unit in the z direction.

[0081] Optionally, the PC-side monitoring system 11 converts the displacement data of the gravity telescopic deformation meter 3 into a calculation formula of vertical displacement as follows:

[0082]

[0083]

[0084] in, is the vertical displacement of the bottom tilt sensor, is the telescopic length of the gravity telescopic strain gauge, which includes the vertical displacement caused by the orifice settlement and the guide tube inclination, D z is the vertical displacement of the orifice, and θ1 is the inclination angle of the bottom inclination angle measurement unit.

[0085] Optionally, the PC-side monitoring system 11 calculates the soil movement direction in real time from the received angle data as follows:

[0086]

[0087] in, is the vector in the x direction; is the vector in the y direction; is the vector sum in the x and y directions, i.e. the direction of soil movement.

[0088] Reference Manual Attached Fig. 9 and attached Fig.10 , which are respectively schematic diagrams of calculating the accumulated horizontal displacement and vertical displacement provided by the embodiments of the present invention. Taking the bottom sensor as a reference, the data of each tilt angle measuring unit 2 is accumulated to obtain the total displacement.

[0089] In summary, the main innovations of the present invention are: (1) The device realizes the automatic collection and remote transmission of displacement data of multiple points in the same measuring hole. One measuring hole is used as a measuring point, and multiple measuring points constitute a measuring station. (2) Each tilt angle measurement unit in the device is designed with a unique IP address. The RS485 data interaction module can identify each measuring unit and send instructions and receive data to all measuring units, realizing one-to-many software and hardware control technology. (3) The tilt angle measurement unit in the device can simultaneously measure the X, Y and Z axis angles, wherein the X axis is used to calculate the horizontal displacement of each point in the X direction, the Y axis is used to calculate the horizontal displacement of each point in the Y direction, and the Z axis is the displacement change of the tilt sensor in the Z direction at each point due to the inclination of the guide tube. Combined with the data of the gravity telescopic deformation meter, the vertical displacement of the hole mouth and each point can be calculated. (4) A gravity telescopic deformation meter is designed at the bottom of the hole to realize the coordinated monitoring of the vertical displacement of the bottom of the hole, and an integrated monitoring method for the horizontal and vertical displacement fields is constructed. (5) Each tilt angle measurement unit can be freely assembled on site to any length and can be reused after being removed from the guide rail tube. (6) The monitoring system realizes the storage and analysis of multiple hole measurement data and the real-time generation of displacement curves.

[0090] The beneficial effects brought about by the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention include at least:

[0091] In the present invention, the multi-point serial slope displacement automatic monitoring device realizes the automatic collection and transmission of the inclination angle data of multiple points in the same measuring hole, and designs a gravity telescopic deformation meter at the bottom of the hole to realize the synchronous monitoring of the vertical displacement, and constructs an integrated monitoring system of the horizontal and vertical displacement fields. The monitoring method can identify each measuring unit, send instructions to all measuring units and receive data, realize the storage and analysis of multiple measuring hole data and the real-time generation of displacement curves, and the automatic monitoring improves the monitoring efficiency and reduces the monitoring cost. Each inclination angle measurement unit can be freely assembled into any length on site, and can be reused after being taken out from the guide rail tube, which solves the problems of time-consuming manual single-point multiple measurements, large data fluctuations, and inability to continuously monitor in real time, as well as the shortcomings of existing probes such as inability to automatically monitor, discontinuous data, and inability to flexibly splice to any length on site. It can be widely used in monitoring and early warning of rock instability processes in slope engineering.

[0092] The present invention also provides a multi-point series-connected automatic slope displacement monitoring method, which includes the multi-point series-connected automatic slope displacement monitoring device in the above embodiment to perform slope displacement monitoring.

[0093] Specifically, the multi-point series slope displacement automatic monitoring method includes:

[0094] S1: Place the guide rail tube into the on-site drilled hole and fill the gap between the guide rail tube and the hole wall with filling material. After solidification for about 24 hours, prepare for the next step.

[0095] S2: Install the gravity telescopic strain gauge 3 at the bottom of the first tilt angle measuring unit 2, and connect its circuit to the communication circuit 205, connect the remaining tilt angle measuring units 2 in series in turn using the series hinge 211, and connect the circuit of each tilt angle measuring unit 2 in parallel to the communication circuit 205. After the series connection is completed, connect the top tilt angle measuring unit 2 to the fixing ring 405 in the orifice bracket 4 to obtain a series connection device.

[0096] S3: Place the series device into the guide rail tube, and fix the orifice bracket 4 at the orifice. Adjust the entire series device to a suitable position by adjusting the long screw 402. The suitable position is when the reading of the gravity telescopic strain gauge 3 is at half of the range. Use a compass to locate and record the X and Y directions of the sensor.

[0097] S4: Arrange the RS485 data interaction module 8 at the hole, connect the communication line 205 to the terminal, and wrap it with a waterproof rain cover to prevent rain from entering.

[0098] S5: Place the measuring station radio 9 indoors within a 5 km radius, connect the measuring station radio to the computer via the RS485 to USB module, and open the serial port software for reading and debugging.

[0099] S6: Connect the 4G module 10 to the station radio 9 to complete the data access to the network.

[0100] S7: Open the PC monitoring system 11 to start reading data, and use the first read data as a reference to perform a zeroing operation, and convert the received angle data into x-direction displacement data and y-direction displacement data in real time:

[0101]

[0102]

[0103] Among them, l i is the length of the i-th tilt angle measurement unit, θ ix is the inclination angle of the i-th segment inclination angle measurement unit in the x direction, D x is the cumulative displacement in the x direction, θ iy is the inclination angle of the i-th segment inclination angle measurement unit in the y direction, D y is the cumulative displacement in the y direction, D is the cumulative displacement change of the inclination sensor at each point in the z direction due to the inclination of the guide tube, xy is the cumulative displacement in the x and y directions, φ iz is the slope angle of the i-th segment tilt angle measurement unit in the z direction; θ iz is the inclination angle of the i-th inclination angle measurement unit in the z direction.

[0104] S8: Convert the displacement data of the gravity-type telescopic strain gauge into displacement data in the z direction.

[0105] It should be noted that the PC monitoring system converts the displacement data of the gravity telescopic deformation meter into the calculation formula of vertical displacement as follows:

[0106]

[0107]

[0108] in, is the vertical displacement of the bottom tilt sensor, is the telescopic length of the gravity telescopic strain gauge, which includes the vertical displacement caused by the orifice settlement and the guide tube inclination, D z is the vertical displacement of the orifice, and θ1 is the inclination angle of the bottom inclination angle measurement unit.

[0109] Furthermore, the PC-side monitoring system calculates the direction of soil movement in real time using the received angle data as follows:

[0110]

[0111] in, is the vector in the x direction; is the vector in the y direction; is the sum of the vectors in the x and y directions, i.e. the direction of soil movement.

[0112] After completing the above steps, real-time automated long-term monitoring of slope displacement can be achieved.

[0113] In a possible implementation manner, after S8, the method further includes:

[0114] S9: Multi-layer stacked gated recurrent units are used to predict the displacement in the x-direction, y-direction, and z-direction.

[0115] Among them, the gated recurrent unit (GRU) is a variant of the recurrent neural network (RNN). It controls the flow of information through a gate mechanism to retain important information and filter out unimportant parts. It aims to solve the problems of gradient vanishing and gradient exploding that may occur in traditional RNNs when processing long time series.

[0116] The multi-layer stacked gated cycle unit includes a first branch, a second branch and a third branch. The first branch is used to predict displacement in the x direction, the second branch is used to predict displacement in the y direction, and the third branch is used to predict displacement in the z direction.

[0117] Specifically, the x-direction displacement data measured at each moment is composed into an x-direction displacement sequence, the y-direction displacement data measured at each moment is composed into a y-direction displacement sequence, and the z-direction displacement data measured at each moment is composed into a z-direction displacement sequence. The displacement sequence is input into the first-layer gated recurrent unit to obtain the hidden state of the first-layer gated recurrent unit:

[0118]

[0119] Among them, z t represents the output vector of the update gate at time t, σ( ) represents the activation function, W uz represents the weight matrix between the input layer and the update gate, x t represents the input data at time t (x-direction displacement sequence, y-direction displacement sequence or z-direction displacement sequence), W hz represents the self-connection weight matrix between the update gate at time t and time t-1, represents the hidden state of the first layer of gated recurrent unit at time t-1, b z represents the bias term of the update gate, r t represents the output vector of the reset gate at time t, W ur represents the weight matrix between the input layer and the reset gate, Whr represents the self-connection weight matrix between the reset gate at time t and time t-1, b r represents the bias term of the reset gate, c t represents the output vector of the candidate layer at time t, W uc Represents the weight matrix between the input layer and the candidate layer, W hc represents the self-connection weight matrix between the candidate layer at time t and time t-1, b c represents the bias term of the candidate layer, represents the element-wise product operation, Represents the hidden state of the first layer of gated recurrent unit at time t.

[0120] Input the hidden state of the i-1th layer gated recurrent unit into the i-th layer gated recurrent unit to obtain the hidden state of the i-th layer gated recurrent unit:

[0121]

[0122] in, represents the hidden state of the i-1th layer gated recurrent unit at time t-1, represents the hidden state of the i-th layer gated recurrent unit at time t-1, represents the hidden state of the i-th layer gated recurrent unit at time t, .

[0123] It should be noted that the use of multi-layer gated recurrent units means that each layer of GRU can further abstract and learn the features extracted by the previous layer. By passing hidden states layer by layer, it is possible to gradually extract and represent simple features to complex features. Multi-layer GRU can enhance the model's feature extraction capabilities, especially for complex time series, and can capture deeper dynamic relationships in the data and improve prediction accuracy.

[0124] The hidden states in the candidate layers of the gated recurrent units of each layer are fused through the fully connected layer to extract the comprehensive hidden state of the displacement sequence:

[0125]

[0126] Among them, H represents the comprehensive hidden state of the displacement sequence, β i Represents the fusion coefficient of the i-th layer gated recurrent unit.

[0127] According to the comprehensive hidden state of the displacement sequence, displacement prediction is performed:

[0128]

[0129] in, represents the displacement prediction value at time t+1 (the cumulative displacement prediction value in the x direction, the cumulative displacement prediction value in the y direction, or the cumulative displacement prediction value in the z direction), σ( ) represents the activation function, and W y represents the prediction weight matrix, b y Represents the prediction bias term.

[0130] In the present invention, multi-layer GRU gradually deepens the model's understanding of time series data in a progressive manner, and can make more accurate predictions of displacement data at different time scales, thereby improving the overall prediction ability of the model. Especially in complex slope environments, it can more accurately predict future displacement change trends, which helps to discover potential landslide risks earlier and take countermeasures.

[0131] S10: Calculate the slope instability value according to the predicted value of the cumulative displacement in the x direction, the predicted value of the cumulative displacement in the y direction, and the predicted value of the cumulative displacement in the z direction.

[0132] Optionally, the slope instability value may be calculated by using the degree to which the cumulative displacement prediction value in the x-direction, the cumulative displacement prediction value in the y-direction, and the cumulative displacement prediction value in the z-direction exceed a safety threshold. The higher the degree to which the safety threshold is exceeded, the greater the slope instability value.

[0133] Optionally, the slope instability value can be calculated by an improved tangent angle model.

[0134] Specifically, the displacement prediction value is calculated based on the cumulative displacement prediction value in the x direction, the cumulative displacement prediction value in the y direction, and the cumulative displacement prediction value in the z direction:

[0135]

[0136] Among them, D i represents the displacement prediction value at the i-th moment, represents the predicted value vector of the x-direction cumulative displacement at the i-th moment, represents the predicted value vector of the y-direction cumulative displacement at the i-th moment, Represents the predicted value vector of the cumulative displacement in the z direction at the i-th moment

[0137] Calculate the cumulative displacement prediction:

[0138]

[0139] Among them, S i represents the cumulative displacement prediction value at the i-th moment, D j Represents the predicted displacement value at the jth moment.

[0140] In order to make displacement and time have the same dimension, the cumulative displacement prediction value is converted to determine the cumulative displacement-time curve:

[0141]

[0142] Wherein, T(i) represents the ordinate value of the cumulative displacement-time curve at the i-th moment, and B represents the average rate.

[0143]

[0144] Among them, S n represents the cumulative displacement at the last monitoring moment, S0 represents the cumulative displacement at the initial moment, and t n It indicates the time of the last monitoring moment, and t0 indicates the time of the initial moment.

[0145] According to the cumulative displacement-time curve, calculate the tangent angle at each moment:

[0146]

[0147] Among them, α represents the tangent angle, arctan represents the inverse tangent function, and t i represents the time of the i-th moment, t i-1 Indicates the time of the i-1th moment.

[0148] In the present invention, an improved tangent angle model is used to calculate the instability value. This method can more comprehensively and dynamically reflect the three-dimensional deformation and instability trend of the slope, especially in long-term monitoring and complex slope environments. It can timely capture the changes in displacement rate, provide earlier warning signals, and accurately assess the instability risk in a quantitative manner, which helps decision makers take corresponding preventive measures.

[0149] S11: Provide slope instability warning according to the slope instability value.

[0150] Optionally, the tangent angle α is used as the slope instability value.

[0151] It should be noted that the tangent angle α is calculated by the displacement increment and time increment between adjacent points on the displacement-time curve, which essentially reflects the rate of displacement change. The deformation of the slope is usually manifested as a gradual accumulation of displacement. If the tangent angle increases, it means that the deformation rate of the slope is accelerating, which means that the risk of slope instability is increasing.

[0152] When the slope instability At this time, the slope is in a stable state with no obvious displacement changes. The monitoring data shows that the slope is normal and safe without the need for an alarm.

[0153] When the slope instability At , the slope began to show slight displacement, but it had not yet reached a dangerous level. It was recommended to strengthen monitoring, but no emergency measures were needed and a green warning was issued.

[0154] When the slope instability When the slope displacement increases, the risk is high and it may be close to an unstable state. It is necessary to immediately strengthen monitoring and assessment, prepare for emergency response, and issue a yellow warning.

[0155] When the slope instability When the slope displacement has reached a critical state, the possibility of instability is very high. It is necessary to immediately activate the emergency plan and take emergency measures, such as evacuating personnel and reinforcing the slope, and issue a red warning.

[0156] In the present invention, different warning levels (no warning, green warning, yellow warning, red warning) can be divided according to the magnitude of the slope instability value. Each warning level reflects the severity of the current deformation of the slope, ranging from slight deformation to imminent instability.

[0157] Furthermore, graded warnings can help monitoring personnel take appropriate measures according to the risk level, thereby achieving a gradual response. For example, in the yellow warning stage, monitoring can be further strengthened, while in the red warning stage, emergency plans can be immediately initiated, such as evacuation of personnel or slope reinforcement.

[0158] The multi-point series slope displacement automatic monitoring method provided by the present invention can utilize the various functions of the above-mentioned multi-point series slope displacement automatic monitoring device and achieve the same or similar technical effects. To avoid repetition, the present invention will not go into details.

[0159] The beneficial effects brought about by the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention include at least:

[0160] In the present invention, the multi-point serial slope displacement automatic monitoring device realizes the automatic collection and transmission of the inclination angle data of multiple points in the same measuring hole, and designs a gravity telescopic deformation meter at the bottom of the hole to realize the synchronous monitoring of the vertical displacement, and constructs an integrated monitoring system of the horizontal and vertical displacement fields. The monitoring method can identify each measuring unit, send instructions to all measuring units and receive data, realize the storage and analysis of multiple measuring hole data and the real-time generation of displacement curves, and the automatic monitoring improves the monitoring efficiency and reduces the monitoring cost. Each inclination angle measurement unit can be freely assembled into any length on site, and can be reused after being taken out from the guide rail tube, which solves the problems of time-consuming manual single-point multiple measurements, large data fluctuations, and inability to continuously monitor in real time, as well as the shortcomings of existing probes such as inability to automatically monitor, discontinuous data, and inability to flexibly splice to any length on site. It can be widely used in monitoring and early warning of rock instability processes in slope engineering.

[0161] The present invention covers any substitution, modification, equivalent method and scheme made on the essence and scope of the present invention. In order to make the public have a thorough understanding of the present invention, specific details are described in detail in the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but those skilled in the art can fully understand the present invention without the description of these details. In addition, in order to avoid unnecessary confusion about the essence of the present invention, well-known methods, processes, procedures, components and circuits are not described in detail.

[0162] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-point series slope displacement automatic monitoring device, characterized in that: include: Tilt angle measurement unit, series hinge, guide rail tube, fixing ring, orifice bracket, gravity telescopic deformation meter, communication line, RS485 data exchange module, station radio, 4G module and PC monitoring system; The inclination angle measuring unit is placed in the guide rail tube, the inclination angle measuring units are connected in series through the series hinges, and the top end of the inclination angle measuring unit is suspended at the orifice through the orifice bracket; The guide rail tube is installed in the measuring hole of the rock and soil body and serves as a moving track of the inclination angle measuring unit; The gravity-type telescopic deformation meter is hinged to the inclination angle measuring unit at the lower end; The communication line connects the lines of each of the tilt angle measurement units in parallel; The RS485 data interaction module receives data from the communication line at the orifice; The station radio station controls a plurality of the RS485 data interaction modules in a region by wireless means, and receives data from the plurality of the RS485 data interaction modules; The 4G module uploads the data of the station radio station to the Internet; The PC-side monitoring system receives the angle data of the tilt angle measuring unit in each measuring hole of each measuring station radio station in the Internet, and converts the angle data into displacement data in real time.

2. The multi-point series slope displacement automatic monitoring device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The inclination angle measuring unit is used to monitor the angle change of the guide rail tube, and the inclination angle measuring unit has a unique IP address.

3. The multi-point series slope displacement automatic monitoring device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The tilt angle measuring unit comprises a tilt angle sensor and a frame; The inclination sensor is used to measure the angles in three directions, X, Y and Z, at one time; The frame is used to support the tilt sensor; The two ends of the frame are provided with series hinge mounting holes; The frame comprises two tilt angle measuring units, and the series hinge connects the two tilt angle measuring units end to end; The series hinge disassembles the tilt angle measuring unit into single sections, and the series hinge is used to assemble the tilt angle measuring unit; The inclination angle measuring unit is taken out from the guide rail tube and reused; Pulleys are arranged at both ends of the frame; The inner wall of the guide rail tube is provided with a groove; The pulley moves in the groove of the guide rail tube.

4. The multi-point series slope displacement automatic monitoring device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The fixing ring is connected to the uppermost inclination angle measuring unit through the series hinge, the fixing ring is connected to the orifice bracket, the orifice bracket is connected to the concrete block fixed in the orifice soil, the orifice bracket is provided with a skeleton screw rod, the skeleton screw rod is used to adjust the vertical position of the inclination angle measuring unit up and down, and the inclination angle measuring unit is integrated with the skeleton screw rod after installation.

5. The multi-point series slope displacement automatic monitoring device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The gap between the guide rail tube and the borehole wall is filled with cement soil slurry, and the outer side of the guide rail tube is wrapped with a smooth film, which is used to make the guide rail tube slide vertically between the cement soil.

6. The multi-point series slope displacement automatic monitoring device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The gravity-type telescopic strain gauge is hinged to the lowermost inclination angle measuring unit; The gravity-type telescopic strain gauge is used to measure the vertical displacement of the inclination angle measuring unit at the lower end; The displacement data output by the gravity telescopic deformation meter is an RS485 signal and is connected to the communication line; A cylindrical stainless steel block is fixed below the gravity-type telescopic deformation gauge, and the gravity of the cylindrical stainless steel block is greater than the tension required for deformation of the gravity-type telescopic deformation gauge; The cylindrical stainless steel block is in contact with the bottom of the hole; When the travel of the gravity-type telescopic strain gauge reaches its limit, the cylindrical stainless steel block is separated from the bottom of the hole.

7. The multi-point series slope displacement automatic monitoring device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The communication line is the same length as each of the tilt angle measuring units; the communication line is docked with a waterproof aviation plug connector; the communication line is disassembled together with each of the tilt angle measuring units; the communication line is a line bus; the communication line passes through the sides of the plurality of tilt angle measuring units, and the line of each of the tilt angle measuring units is connected in parallel in the communication line; the communication line is connected to the RS485 data interaction module at the orifice; The RS485 data interaction module is used to identify the IP address of each of the tilt angle measurement units, and forward instructions or receive data to each of the tilt angle measurement units; the RS485 data interaction module is arranged at the orifice; the RS485 data interaction module is connected to a plurality of the tilt angle measurement units; the RS485 data interaction module is used as a measuring point at the orifice; The station radio controls the multiple RS485 data interaction modules; the station radio sends instructions to the multiple RS485 data interaction modules; and the station radio receives data from the multiple RS485 data interaction modules.

8. The multi-point series slope displacement automatic monitoring device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The PC-side monitoring system receives the angle data of the inclination angle measuring unit in each measuring hole of each measuring station in the Internet; the PC-side monitoring system converts the received angle data into displacement data in real time and draws a displacement change curve; The PC-side monitoring system supports one-to-many instruction sending, and the one-to-many instruction sending includes: sending instructions to all the tilt angle measurement units at one time and receiving returned data, and the PC-side monitoring system supports automatic online real-time data collection; The PC-side monitoring system converts the received angle data into horizontal displacement and vertical displacement data in real time as follows: ； ； Among them, l i is the length of the i-th tilt angle measurement unit, θ ix is the inclination angle of the i-th segment inclination angle measurement unit in the x direction, D x is the cumulative displacement in the x direction, θ iy is the inclination angle of the i-th segment inclination angle measurement unit in the y direction, D y is the cumulative displacement in the y direction, D is the cumulative displacement change of the inclination sensor at each point in the z direction due to the inclination of the guide tube, xy is the cumulative displacement in the x and y directions, φ iz is the slope angle of the i-th segment tilt angle measurement unit in the z direction; θ iz is the tilt angle of the i-th tilt angle measurement unit in the z direction; The PC-side monitoring system converts the displacement data of the gravity telescopic deformation meter into a calculation formula of vertical displacement as follows: ； ； in, is the vertical displacement of the bottom tilt sensor, is the telescopic length of the gravity telescopic strain gauge, which includes the vertical displacement caused by the orifice settlement and the guide tube inclination, D z is the vertical displacement of the orifice, θ1 is the inclination angle of the bottommost inclination angle measurement unit; The PC-side monitoring system calculates the soil movement direction in real time using the received angle data as follows: ； in, is the vector in the x direction; is the vector in the y direction; is the vector sum in the x and y directions.

9. A multi-point series slope displacement automatic monitoring method, characterized in that: The multi-point series slope displacement automatic monitoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the monitoring method comprises: S1: Place the guide rail tube into the on-site drilled hole and fill the gap between the guide rail tube and the hole wall with filling material. After solidification for about 24 hours, prepare for the next operation; S2: Install the gravity telescopic strain gauge at the bottom of the first tilt angle measuring unit, and connect its line to the communication line, connect the remaining tilt angle measuring units in series in sequence using series hinges, and connect the line of each tilt angle measuring unit in parallel to the communication line; after the series connection is completed, connect the top tilt angle measuring unit to the fixing ring in the orifice bracket to obtain a series device; S3: Put the series device into the guide rail tube, fix the orifice bracket at the orifice, adjust the entire series device to a suitable position by adjusting the long screw, the suitable position is when the reading of the gravity telescopic strain gauge is at half of the range, and use a compass to locate and record the X direction and Y direction of the sensor; S4: Arrange the RS485 data exchange module at the hole, connect the communication line to the terminal, and wrap it with a waterproof rain cover to prevent rain from entering; S5: Place a station radio indoors within a 5km radius, connect the station radio to the computer via an RS485 to USB module, and open the serial port software for reading and debugging; S6: Connect the 4G module to the station radio to complete the data access to the network; S7: Open the PC monitoring system to start reading data, and use the first read data as a reference to perform a zeroing operation, and convert the received angle data into x-direction displacement data and y-direction displacement data in real time; S8: Convert the displacement data of the gravity-type telescopic strain gauge into z-direction displacement data.

10. The multi-point series slope displacement automatic monitoring method according to claim 9 is characterized in that: After S8, the method further includes: S9: Multi-layer stacked gated recurrent units are used to predict the displacement in the x-direction, the y-direction, and the z-direction. S10: Calculating the slope instability value according to the predicted value of the cumulative displacement in the x direction, the predicted value of the cumulative displacement in the y direction, and the predicted value of the cumulative displacement in the z direction; S11: Performing a slope instability warning according to the slope instability value.

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