Water delivery tunnel simulation system for undercrossing existing river channel based on south-to-north water diversion

Abstract

The invention relates to a water delivery tunnel simulation system for undercrossing an existing riverway based on south-to-north water diversion. According to the system, simulation experiments and key technologies for undercrossing the existing riverway by a water delivery tunnel in some water diversion projects and the like can be effectively realized; according to the technical scheme, the simulation system for the water delivery tunnel undercrossing the Yellow River based on the south-to-north water diversion can truly simulate the action rule of the water flow state in a river channel on a riverbed and the influence rule of underground water infiltration on the water delivery tunnel, and different infiltration effects of the riverbed can be simulated through a flexible material layer; the simulated water conveyance tunnel can be monitored in real time through the sensor assembly, so that the pressure and deformation rules of the water conveyance tunnel are researched, and the rule of the influence of riverbed infiltration on the underpass water conveyance tunnel is better explored; meanwhile, the water flow rate and the water level height can be controlled through the valve device and the simulated dam body structure, and the spraying device can simulate different raining working conditions, so that the simulation device can truly simulate actual working conditions, and the accuracy and practicability of simulation results are greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of simulation devices for interaction between water transfer projects passing under existing river channels, and in particular to a simulation system for water transfer tunnels passing under existing river channels based on the South-to-North Water Diversion Project. Background Art

[0002] With the construction of inter-basin water diversion project infrastructure, water transfer projects often pass under large rivers. In the process of constructing water transfer tunnel projects under riverbeds, site selection must be carried out first. At the same time, the impact of the lower soil structure of the riverbed at the current location on the underground water transfer tunnel project must be determined. At the same time, the impact mechanism of the riverbed load and permeability on the underground water transfer tunnel project must be experimentally studied to ensure mutual confirmation between theoretical analysis and actual working conditions. At the same time, the use of simulation test research can effectively determine the optimal solution and predict in advance the problems that may be encountered in actual projects.

[0003] In view of the above, we provide a water diversion tunnel simulation system based on the South-to-North Water Diversion Project passing through the existing river channel to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above situation, the present invention provides a water diversion tunnel simulation system based on the South-to-North Water Diversion Project passing through the existing river channel. The device can not only simulate the infiltration law of the river channel into the riverbed, but also dynamically simulate the stress state and deformation law of the water diversion tunnel, so as to better explore the effect of riverbed infiltration on the stress and deformation law of the water diversion tunnel, and provide technical support for such projects.

[0005] A water diversion tunnel simulation system based on the South-to-North Water Diversion Project that passes through an existing river channel, comprising a box body and a water storage tank, wherein the water storage tank is fixedly connected to one side of the top of the box body and is provided with a diversion mechanism inside the box body, a valve device for controlling the flow of water inside the water storage tank is provided at the bottom of the water storage tank, the box body is filled with a simulated soil layer, a simulated river channel is excavated on the upper surface of the simulated soil layer, and a flexible material layer for simulating a riverbed is laid on the simulated river channel, a sprinkler device for simulating rain and a three-dimensional displacement sensor are provided on the top of both sides of the box body, and a horizontally penetrating simulated water diversion tunnel is provided at the bottom of the box body. A sensor assembly is arranged on the outside of the simulated water conveyance tunnel, a return water tank is arranged on the side of the box body close to the water storage tank, a first pumping mechanism is arranged inside the return water tank, and the water outlet and water inlet of the pumping mechanism are both connected to the simulated water conveyance tunnel, a second pumping mechanism is arranged on the outer surface of the return water tank, and the water outlet of the second pumping mechanism is connected to the inside of the water storage tank, a return water channel is fixedly installed on the side of the box body close to the flexible material layer, and the water outlet of the return water channel is connected to the return water tank, and a simulated dam structure for controlling the water level is arranged at the junction of the return water channel and the end of the flexible material layer.

[0006] Preferably, bank tops for simulating river banks are provided on both sides of the upper surface of the box body, and the bank tops are supported on the upper surface of the simulated soil layer. The upper surface of the simulated soil layer inside the box body is a concave arc of the return channel structure and the flexible material layer is laid inside the concave arc of the upper surface of the simulated soil layer, and the material of the flexible material layer is a permeable geotextile.

[0007] Preferably, the diversion mechanism includes a partition plate, a water outlet pipe and a solenoid valve. The partition plate is T-shaped and fixedly connected to the inside of the water tank and divides the water tank into three independent cavities, and the three cavities are respectively a clear water area, a muddy water area and a pre-water outlet area. The front side of the partition plate corresponding to the clear water area and the muddy water area are fixedly connected to the water outlet pipe and the inside of the two water outlet pipes are installed with solenoid valves, and the water outlet ends of the two water outlet pipes are arranged inside the pre-water outlet area.

[0008] Preferably, the valve device includes a conical water outlet, a sealing baffle and an electric push rod, the conical water outlet is opened on one side of the lower surface of the water tank close to the pre-outlet area, the sealing baffle is inserted into the interior of the water tank and sealed below the conical water outlet, the fixed rod body portion of the electric push rod is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the water tank and the movable rod body portion is fixedly connected to the sealing baffle.

[0009] Preferably, the spray device includes a support rod, a clamping ring, a spray pipe and a spray head, the bottom end of the support rod is fixedly connected to the top of the side of the box, the clamping ring is fixedly connected to the top of the side of the support rod and the spray pipe is clamped inside the clamping ring, the spray head is fixedly installed on the side of the spray pipe and connected to the interior of the spray pipe, the three-dimensional displacement sensor is fixedly installed on the top of the support rod and corresponds to the top of the bank on the upper surface of the box, and the spray devices and three-dimensional displacement sensors on both sides of the box are symmetrically arranged with the vertical center line of the box as the symmetry axis.

[0010] Preferably, the sensor assembly includes a pressure sensor and a displacement sensor, and the number of the pressure sensors and the displacement sensors are both several, and the several pressure sensors and displacement sensors are respectively and evenly fixedly installed on the upper surface and side of the simulated water diversion tunnel at equal distances and are all in contact with the simulated soil layer.

[0011] Preferably, the first pumping mechanism includes a first water pump, a return water pipe and a flexible connector, both sides of the return water tank are connected with return water pipes and the two return water pipes are connected to the interior of the return water tank, the first water pump is arranged inside the return water tank and the pumping end is connected to one of the return water pipes, and the other ends of the two return water pipes are connected to the two ends of the simulated water transfer tunnel through flexible connectors.

[0012] Preferably, the second water pumping mechanism includes a second water pump, a connecting pipe, a three-way solenoid valve and a shunt pipe. The second water pump is fixedly installed on the outer side of the return water tank and its water inlet end is connected with the interior of the return water tank through a pipe. The connecting pipe is connected to the water outlet end of the second water pump and a three-way solenoid valve is fixedly installed on the top. The other two openings of the three-way solenoid valve are connected to shunt pipes. The two shunt pipes are respectively arranged in the clear water area and the muddy water area in the water storage tank.

[0013] Preferably, the simulated dam structure includes a fixed dam body, an electric lifting rod, a lifting frame and a simulated gate. The fixed dam body is fixedly connected to the position where the return water channel is connected to the flexible material layer. Electric lifting rods are fixedly installed on both sides of the upper surface of the fixed dam body and the lifting frame is fixedly connected to the top of the movable rod bodies of the two electric lifting rods. The number of the simulated gates is several and the several simulated gates are equidistantly fixedly connected to the lower surface of the lifting frame and inserted into the interior of the fixed dam body.

[0014] Preferably, a stirring mechanism is provided in the muddy water area in the water tank, and the stirring mechanism includes a driving motor and a stirring rod. The stirring rod is spline-connected to the output shaft of the driving motor and penetrates into the muddy water area. The driving motor is fixedly mounted on the side of the water tank.

[0015] The above technical solution has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] Based on the simulation system of the water diversion tunnel under the Yellow River of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, the diversion device can fully simulate the influence of the turbidity of the water flow in the river on the evolution of the riverbed and the influence of the water level in the river on the water diversion tunnel under the river. The flexible material layer can facilitate the simulation of the river infiltration, and the flexible material layer can be replaced with materials with different permeabilities, so as to improve the simulation of different working conditions. The sensor component can monitor the simulated water diversion tunnel in real time, so as to timely understand the pressure and deformation of the simulated water diversion tunnel, so as to more accurately simulate the influence of riverbed infiltration on the water diversion tunnel under the riverbed. The valve device and the simulated dam structure can control the flow rate and water level of the water flow in the riverbed. The spray device can imitate the raining condition, so that the simulation system is closer to the actual working condition, and can more accurately detect the influence of various conditions on the simulated water diversion tunnel under the riverbed, which greatly improves the accuracy of the simulation results. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the back structure of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the electric push rod and the sealing baffle of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 5 This is a stirring mechanism diagram of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the simulated dam structure of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the flexible connector of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 8 It is a top view schematic diagram of the water storage tank of the present invention.

[0025] In the figure: 1. box body; 2. water storage tank; 3. flexible material layer; 4. simulated soil layer; 5. three-dimensional displacement sensor; 6. simulated water conveyance tunnel; 7. return water tank; 8. bank top; 9. partition plate; 10. outlet pipe; 11. solenoid valve; 12. conical outlet; 13. sealing baffle; 14. electric push rod; 15. support rod; 16. clamp ring; 17. spray pipe; 18. spray head; 19. pressure sensor; 20. displacement sensor; 21. first pump; 22. return water pipe; 23. flexible connector; 24. second pump; 25. connecting pipe; 26. three-way solenoid valve; 27. shunt pipe; 28. fixed dam body; 29. ​​electric lifting rod; 30. lifting frame; 31. simulated gate; 32. drive motor; 33. stirring rod; 34. return water channel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The above and other technical contents, features and effects of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the attached Figures 1 to 8 It can be clearly presented in the detailed description of the embodiments that the structural contents mentioned in the following embodiments are all referenced to the drawings in the specification.

[0027] This embodiment provides a simulation system for a water diversion tunnel under an existing river channel based on the South-to-North Water Diversion Project. Figure 1-8 As shown, it includes a box body 1 and a water tank 2. The water tank 2 is fixedly connected to one side of the top of the box body 1 and a diversion mechanism is arranged inside the water tank 2. The diversion mechanism includes a partition plate 9, a water outlet pipe 10 and a solenoid valve 11. The partition plate 9 is T-shaped and fixedly connected to the inside of the water tank 2 and divides the inside of the water tank 2 into three independent cavities. The three cavities are respectively a clear water area, a muddy water area and a pre-water outlet area. Water is discharged from the clear water area and the muddy water area respectively, which is convenient for simulating different mud contents in different seasons; the front of the partition plate 9 corresponding to the clear water area and the muddy water area is fixedly connected with a water outlet pipe 10, and the two water outlet pipes 10 are installed with solenoid valves 11. The outlet ends of the two water outlet pipes 10 are arranged inside the pre-water outlet area. The solenoid valve 11 can control the clear water or muddy water to flow into the pre-water outlet area and flow to the simulated riverbed through the valve device.

[0028] A stirring mechanism is provided in the muddy water area in the water storage tank 2, and the stirring mechanism includes a driving motor 32 and a stirring rod 33. The stirring rod 33 is connected to the output shaft of the driving motor 32 through a spline and is penetrated into the muddy water area. The driving motor 32 is fixedly mounted on the side of the water storage tank 2. The driving motor 32 is operated to rotate the stirring rod 33, which can stir the water in the muddy water area so that the mud and sand inside are evenly mixed with the water, thereby preventing the generation of sedimentation and accumulation and affecting the turbidity of the discharged water.

[0029] A valve device for controlling the flow of water inside the water storage tank 2 is provided at the bottom of the water storage tank 2, and the valve device includes a conical water outlet 12, a sealing baffle 13 and an electric push rod 14. The conical water outlet 12 is opened on the side of the lower surface of the water storage tank 2 close to the pre-water outlet area, and the sealing baffle 13 is inserted into the inside of the water storage tank 2 and blocked below the conical water outlet 12. The fixed rod body part of the electric push rod 14 is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the water storage tank 2 and the movable rod body part is fixedly connected to the sealing baffle 13. The tip of the conical water outlet 12 faces the side away from the electric push rod 14, and the sealing baffle 13 is located at The conical water outlet 12 is located below the conical water outlet 12 and is sealingly and slidably connected with the lower surface of the conical water outlet 12; in the initial position, the sealing baffle 13 extends to the end away from the electric push rod 14, completely blocking the conical water outlet 12, so that the valve device is in a closed state. When water needs to pass, the sealing baffle 13 is driven backward by the electric push rod 14. During the backward movement of the sealing baffle 13, the conical water outlet 12 is gradually opened. The conical water outlet 12 has a small gap when it is initially opened, and the longer the distance the sealing baffle 13 moves backward, the greater the water flow through the conical water outlet 12.

[0030] Since the valve is used to discharge the water in the water storage tank 2 downward, the water pressure when the valve device is opened is relatively large. In order to ensure the sealing between the sealing baffle 13 and the lower end surface of the tapered water outlet 12, a supporting structure that can be used to support the lower end surface of the sealing baffle 13 can be fixedly connected to the valve device, and the upper end surface of the supporting structure is slidably connected to the lower end surface of the sealing baffle 13; on the other hand, since the position where the valve device is opened is the lower end of the water storage tank 2, the water in the water storage tank 2 will flow downward rapidly under the action of pressure and deadweight, thereby forming a large impact force, but at the water outlet of the valve, it is necessary to guide the flow direction of the water flow while preventing the water from flowing. The impact force of the flow downward is relatively large, thereby affecting the amount of water seepage downward through the flexible material layer 3, so an anti-impact plate can be fixedly installed at the lower end of the valve below the conical water outlet 12. The anti-impact plate can play a role in resisting the impact of water flow. At the same time, the opening on the left side can also guide the water flow to the simulated riverbed. When the water flows to the simulated riverbed, it will penetrate downward through the flexible material layer 3, so that the simulated soil layer 4 is in a seepage state, thereby simulating the actual situation of the stratum at the bottom of the riverbed, and then the pressure of the simulated riverbed will be fed back to the simulated water diversion tunnel 6, and the changes in various data will be detected in real time through the sensor components on the simulated water diversion tunnel 6.

[0031] The upper surface of the box 1 is paved with a replaceable flexible material layer 3 for simulating a riverbed and is filled with a simulated soil layer 4. The simulated soil layer 4 is divided into multiple layers of fillers, and each layer of fillers is used to simulate the geological structure of the river channel. In this way, the data obtained from the test can be close to the actual value, and the overall experimental device is a corresponding reduced multiple of the actual parameters. At the same time, the strength of the filler is adjusted accordingly to ensure the accuracy and authenticity of the experiment; both sides of the upper surface of the box 1 are provided with bank tops 8 for simulating the river bank, and the bank top 8 is supported on the upper surface of the simulated soil layer 4. The upper surface of the simulated soil layer 4 inside the box 1 is a concave arc simulating the river channel structure and the flexible material layer 3 is laid inside the concave arc of the upper surface of the simulated soil layer 4. The material of the flexible material layer 3 is a permeable geotextile, and the geotextile can be replaced with different permeabilities to control the seepage rate.

[0032] The tops of both sides of the box body 1 are provided with a spray device that can simulate rain and a three-dimensional displacement sensor 5. The spray device includes a support rod 15, a clamp ring 16, a spray pipe 17 and a spray head 18. The bottom end of the support rod 15 is fixedly connected to the top of the side of the box body 1, the clamp ring 16 is fixedly connected to the top of the side of the support rod 15 and the spray pipe 17 is clamped inside the clamp ring 16. The spray head 18 is fixedly installed on the side of the spray pipe 17 and communicated with the inside thereof. The three-dimensional displacement sensor 5 is fixedly installed on the top of the support rod 15. The ends of the boxes 1 correspond to the bank top 8 on the upper surface of the box body 1. The spray devices and the three-dimensional displacement sensor 5 on both sides of the box body 1 are symmetrically arranged with the vertical center line of the box body 1 as the symmetry axis. The spray pipe 17 is connected with the external water pipeline through a pipeline. After the external water pipeline injects water into the spray pipe 17, it will be sprayed from the spray head 18 onto the simulated riverbed, thereby simulating rain conditions; a blowing device can also be arranged above the simulated riverbed to detect the influence of wind direction and wind speed on the water flow by applying winds of different directions or different wind speeds to the water flow.

[0033] The three-dimensional displacement sensor can monitor the bank tops 8 on both sides in real time so as to monitor the impact of water flow changes on the bank tops. When the bank top 8 sinks or displaces, the three-dimensional displacement sensor 5 can monitor the changes of the bank top 8 in time. Pressure sensors and temperature sensors can also be arranged at different parts of the simulated soil layer 4 to facilitate more detailed monitoring of changes in various parts of the simulation device.

[0034] A simulated water diversion tunnel 6 that runs horizontally through is arranged at the bottom of the box body 1, and a sensor assembly is arranged outside the simulated water diversion tunnel 6. The sensor assembly includes a pressure sensor 19 and a displacement sensor 20. The number of the pressure sensors 19 and the displacement sensors 20 are both several. The several pressure sensors 19 and the displacement sensors 20 are respectively and evenly fixedly installed on the upper surface and the side of the simulated water diversion tunnel 6 at equal intervals and are all in contact with the simulated soil layer 4. The multiple pressure sensors 19 and the displacement sensors 20 on the simulated water diversion tunnel 6 can monitor the changes of the simulated water diversion tunnel 6 itself in real time, and the pressure of the simulated soil layer 4 will be fed back to the simulated water diversion tunnel 6. The changes of various data can be monitored in real time through the sensor assembly on the simulated water diversion tunnel 6.

[0035] A return water tank 7 is provided on one side of the box body 1 close to the water storage tank 2, and a first pumping mechanism is provided inside the return water tank 7, and the water outlet and water inlet of the pumping mechanism are both connected to the simulated water delivery tunnel 6. The first pumping mechanism includes a first pumping pump 21, a return water pipe 22 and a flexible connector 23. Both sides of the return water tank 7 are connected to the return water pipe 22, and the two return water pipes 22 are both connected to the inside of the return water tank 7. The first pumping pump 21 is arranged inside the return water tank 7 and the pumping end is connected to one of the return water pipes 22. The other ends of the two return water pipes 22 are connected to the simulated water delivery tunnel 6 through the flexible connector 23. The two ends of the simulated water delivery tunnel 6 are connected, and the simulated water delivery tunnel 6 is made of a flexible material. In order to connect the simulated water delivery tunnel 6 with the box body 1, the simulated water delivery tunnel 6 will cause the connection part with the box body 1 to deform when it is deformed. If the connection part is a hard connection, it cannot be deformed. Therefore, the connection part of the simulated water delivery tunnel 6 with the box body 1 and the return water pipe 22 adopts a flexible connector 23, which is convenient for deformation connection with the box body 1, so that the simulated water delivery tunnel 6 can be deformed normally as the simulation progresses, which is convenient for the sensor component to monitor the changes of the simulated water delivery tunnel 6 in real time;

[0036] Flow rate sensors can be installed on the inner bottom wall of the flexible material layer 3 and the inner wall of the simulated water transfer tunnel 6, respectively, so that the flow rate of the water body in the simulated water transfer tunnel 6 in the riverbed can be monitored in real time, and combined with the data detected by each sensor, it can more accurately reflect the simulation situation of the entire simulation device.

[0037] The outer surface of the return water tank 7 is provided with a second pumping mechanism, and the water outlet end of the second pumping mechanism is connected to the interior of the water storage tank 2. The second pumping mechanism includes a second pumping pump 24, a connecting pipe 25, a three-way solenoid valve 26 and a shunt pipe 27. The second pumping pump 24 is fixedly installed on the outer side of the return water tank 7, and its water inlet end is connected to the interior of the return water tank 7 through a pipeline. The connecting pipe 25 is connected to the water outlet end of the second pumping pump 24 and a three-way solenoid valve 26 is fixedly installed on the top. The other two ports of the three-way solenoid valve 26 are connected to There is a shunt pipe 27, and the two shunt pipes 27 are respectively arranged in the clear water area and the muddy water area in the water storage tank 2. The water in the return water tank 7 can be controlled by the three-way solenoid valve 26 to be pumped into the clear water area or the muddy water area. The water flows out into the simulated riverbed through the valve device. The extended end of the return water channel extends obliquely downward to produce a certain slope, so that the water will be guided into the return water tank 7 by gravity after entering the return water channel. Most of the water passing through the simulated riverbed flows into the return water tank 7 through the return water channel. The water in the return water tank 7 is The first pumping pump 21 pumps out and enters the simulated water tunnel 6 through the return pipe 22, so as to simulate the actual working situation of the simulated water tunnel 6. The water flowing through the simulated water tunnel 6 flows back into the return tank 7 from the return pipe 22 on the other side to form a cycle; the second pumping pump 24 pumps the water in the return tank 7 into the water storage tank 2 through the shunt pipe 27 and then flows into the simulated riverbed through the valve device, so as to simulate the water flow in the actual riverbed, and then flows into the return tank 7 through the return channel to form another circulation loop; and the experimental process using seepage as a variable often takes a long time. In order to prevent more water from infiltrating into the simulated soil layer 4 and reducing the amount of water in the entire simulation device, which may cause the amount of water in the entire circulation loop to fail to meet the normal required amount of the cycle, the water in the return tank 7 can be appropriately added to prevent the pressure variable of the simulated soil layer 4 and the simulated water tunnel 6 from increasing due to the change in the water level height flowing in the simulated riverbed, thereby affecting the accuracy of the experiment.

[0038] A return water channel is fixedly installed on one side of the box body 1 close to the flexible material layer 3, and the water outlet end of the return water channel is connected to the return water box 7. A simulated dam structure for controlling the water level is arranged at the junction of the return water channel and the end of the flexible material layer 3. The simulated dam structure includes a fixed dam body 28, an electric lifting rod 29, a lifting frame 30 and a simulated gate 31. The fixed dam body 28 is fixedly connected to the junction of the return water channel and the flexible material layer 3. Electric lifting rods 29 are fixedly installed on both sides of the upper surface of the fixed dam body 28, and the lifting frame 30 is fixedly connected to the top of the movable rod body of the two electric lifting rods 29. The number of simulated gates 31 is several, and several simulated gates 31 are equidistantly fixedly connected to the lower surface of the lifting frame 30 and inserted into the inside of the fixed dam body 28.

[0039] The PIV technology can also be used to monitor the state of water flow. Tracer particles and tracers are added to the water body, and the sand content and flow rate of the water body are controlled to simulate different laminar flow, turbulent flow or vortex states of the water flow. The setting of the simulated dam structure can not only control the water level of the riverbed, but also cause the water flow in the riverbed to produce turbulent flow or vortex states when it impacts the fixed dam body 28. Therefore, the impact of different working conditions of the water flow on the riverbed can be obtained by detecting the tracer particles.

[0040] The three-dimensional displacement sensor 5, the solenoid valve 11, the electric push rod 14, the pressure sensor 19, the displacement sensor 20, the first water pump 21, the second water pump 24, the three-way solenoid valve 26, the electric lifting rod 29 and the drive motor 32 are all connected to the control unit and are electrically connected to the external circuit through wires. The data monitored by each monitoring component in the system can be remotely transmitted to the remote monitoring system through 5G technology, thereby realizing remote control.

[0041] The above description is only for illustrating the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various variations that conform to the concept of the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A water diversion tunnel simulation system based on the South-to-North Water Diversion Project passing through an existing river, comprising a box (1) and a water storage tank (2), characterized in that: The water storage tank (2) is fixedly connected to one side of the top of the box body (1) and is provided with a diversion mechanism inside. The bottom of the water storage tank (2) is provided with a valve device for controlling the flow of water inside the water storage tank (2). The box body (1) is filled with a simulated soil layer. A simulated river channel is excavated on the upper surface of the simulated soil layer and a flexible material layer (3) for simulating a riverbed is laid on the simulated river channel. Spraying devices and three-dimensional displacement sensors (5) that can simulate rain are provided on the tops of both sides of the box body (1). A simulated water conveyance tunnel (6) that runs horizontally through the bottom of the box body (1) is provided and a sensor assembly is provided outside the simulated water conveyance tunnel (6). A return water tank (7) is arranged on one side of the box body (1) close to the water storage tank (2), and a first pumping mechanism is arranged inside the return water tank (7), and both the water outlet and water inlet of the pumping mechanism are connected to the simulated water delivery tunnel (6); a second pumping mechanism is arranged on the outer surface of the return water tank (7), and the water outlet of the second pumping mechanism is connected to the inside of the water storage tank (2); a return water channel (34) is fixedly installed on one side of the box body (1) close to the flexible material layer (3), and the water outlet of the return water channel is connected to the return water tank (7); and a simulated dam structure for controlling the water level is arranged at the junction of the return water channel (34) and the end of the flexible material layer (3).

2. According to claim 1, a water diversion tunnel simulation system based on the South-to-North Water Diversion Project under the existing river channel is characterized in that: Both sides of the upper surface of the box body (1) are provided with bank tops (8) for simulating river banks, and the bank tops (8) are supported on the upper surface of the simulated soil layer (4). The upper surface of the simulated soil layer (4) inside the box body (1) is a concave arc of a return channel structure, and the flexible material layer (3) is laid inside the concave arc of the upper surface of the simulated soil layer (4), and the material of the flexible material layer (3) is a permeable geotextile.

3. According to claim 1, a water diversion tunnel simulation system based on the South-to-North Water Diversion Project under the existing river channel is characterized in that: The diversion mechanism comprises a partition plate (9), a water outlet pipe (10) and a solenoid valve (11); the partition plate (9) is T-shaped and fixedly connected to the inside of the water storage tank (2) and divides the inside of the water storage tank (2) into three independent chambers, wherein the three chambers are a clear water area, a muddy water area and a pre-water outlet area; the front of the partition plate (9) corresponding to the clear water area and the muddy water area is fixedly connected to the water outlet pipe (10), and the two water outlet pipes (10) are both installed with a solenoid valve (11); the water outlet ends of the two water outlet pipes (10) are both arranged inside the pre-water outlet area.

4. According to claim 3, a water diversion tunnel simulation system based on the South-to-North Water Diversion Project under the existing river channel is characterized in that: The valve device comprises a conical water outlet (12), a sealing baffle (13) and an electric push rod (14); the conical water outlet (12) is provided on a side of the lower surface of the water storage tank (2) close to the pre-water outlet area; the sealing baffle (13) is inserted into the interior of the water storage tank (2) and blocks below the conical water outlet (12); the fixed rod body portion of the electric push rod (14) is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the water storage tank (2) and the movable rod body portion is fixedly connected to the sealing baffle (13).

5. According to claim 2, a water diversion tunnel simulation system based on the South-to-North Water Diversion Project under the existing river channel is characterized in that: The spray device comprises a support rod (15), a clamping ring (16), a spray pipe (17) and a spray head (18); the bottom end of the support rod (15) is fixedly connected to the top of the side of the box (1); the clamping ring (16) is fixedly connected to the top of the side of the support rod (15) and the spray pipe (17) is clamped inside the clamping ring (16); the spray head (18) is fixedly mounted on the side of the spray pipe (17) and communicated with the inside of the spray pipe; the three-dimensional displacement sensor (5) is fixedly mounted on the top of the support rod (15) and corresponds to the bank top (8) on the upper surface of the box (1); the spray devices and the three-dimensional displacement sensor (5) on both sides of the box (1) are symmetrically arranged with the vertical center line of the box (1) as the symmetry axis.

6. The water diversion tunnel simulation system based on the South-to-North Water Diversion Project under the existing river channel according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The sensor assembly comprises a pressure sensor (19) and a displacement sensor (20), wherein the number of the pressure sensor (19) and the displacement sensor (20) are both multiple, and the multiple pressure sensors (19) and the multiple displacement sensors (20) are respectively and evenly fixedly installed at equal distances on the upper surface and the side surface of the simulated water conveyance tunnel (6) and are all in contact with the simulated soil layer (4).

7. The water diversion tunnel simulation system based on the South-to-North Water Diversion Project under the existing river channel according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The first pumping mechanism comprises a first pumping pump (21), a return water pipe (22) and a flexible connector (23); both sides of the return water tank (7) are connected to the return water pipe (22), and the two return water pipes (22) are connected to the interior of the return water tank (7); the first pumping pump (21) is arranged inside the return water tank (7) and the pumping end is connected to one of the return water pipes (22); the other ends of the two return water pipes (22) are connected to the two ends of the simulated water delivery tunnel (6) through the flexible connector (23).

8. The water diversion tunnel simulation system based on the South-to-North Water Diversion Project under the existing river channel according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The second pumping mechanism comprises a second pumping pump (24), a connecting pipe (25), a three-way solenoid valve (26) and a shunt pipe (27); the second pumping pump (24) is fixedly mounted on the outer side of the return water tank (7) and its water inlet end is connected to the interior of the return water tank (7) through a pipeline; the connecting pipe (25) is connected to the water outlet end of the second pumping pump (24) and a three-way solenoid valve (26) is fixedly mounted on the top end; the other two openings of the three-way solenoid valve (26) are connected to shunt pipes (27); the two shunt pipes (27) are respectively arranged in the clear water area and the muddy water area in the water storage tank (2).

9. The water diversion tunnel simulation system based on the South-to-North Water Diversion Project under the existing river channel according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The simulated dam structure comprises a fixed dam (28), an electric lifting rod (29), a lifting frame (30) and a simulated gate (31); the fixed dam (28) is fixedly connected to the portion where the return water channel and the flexible material layer (3) are connected; the electric lifting rods (29) are fixedly installed on both sides of the upper surface of the fixed dam (28) and the lifting frame (30) is fixedly connected to the top ends of the movable rod bodies of the two electric lifting rods (29); the number of the simulated gates (31) is several and the several simulated gates (31) are fixedly connected to the lower surface of the lifting frame (30) at equal distances and inserted into the interior of the fixed dam (28).

10. The water diversion tunnel simulation system based on the South-to-North Water Diversion Project under the existing river channel according to claim 3 is characterized in that: A stirring mechanism is arranged in the muddy water area in the water storage tank (2), the stirring mechanism comprising a driving motor (32) and a stirring rod (33), the stirring rod (33) being connected to the output shaft of the driving motor (32) via a spline and passing through the inside of the muddy water area, and the driving motor (32) being fixedly mounted on the side of the water storage tank (2).

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