Pool fire simulator based on gas real fire simulation technology and simulation method

Abstract

The invention discloses a pool fire simulator based on a gas real fire simulation technology and a simulation method.The pool fire simulator comprises a gas cylinder set, a gas conveying pipeline, a simulation oil pool, a rectification sand layer and a pulse electronic igniter, the rectification sand layer is arranged in the simulation oil pool, and a plurality of gas guide channels are formed in the rectification sand layer; the gas cylinder set is connected with the input end of the gas guide channel through a gas conveying pipeline, a controllable gas electronic valve is arranged on the gas conveying pipeline, a pulse electronic igniter is further arranged on the outer side of the simulation oil pool, and the ignition end of the pulse electronic igniter is located above the output end of the gas guide channel; the rectification sand layer is made of steel grit. According to the invention, based on gas real fire simulation, fuel gas is used as a gas source, compared with a direct combustion transformer, the flue gas amount is small, the system is more environment-friendly, and meanwhile, through the arrangement of the rectification sand layer, the rapid temperature rise of transformer oil fire can be simulated to the greatest extent, and the combustion characteristics of the actual transformer oil fire are embodied.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of pool fire simulators, and more particularly to a pool fire simulator and a simulation method based on gas real fire simulation technology. Background Art

[0002] A healthy firefighting system is a prerequisite for effective fire suppression. However, previous fire incidents have demonstrated that the branch pipes and nozzles of water spray fire extinguishing systems are easily damaged during fires, leading to depressurization of the pipe network and reduced or even complete loss of fire suppression capabilities. Damage to branch pipes or nozzles in fire incidents was once attributed to converter transformer bushing explosions. However, full-scale, real-scale water spray fire extinguishing tests conducted by the State Grid Corporation of China revealed that branch pipes and nozzles can also be damaged by flames, resulting in depressurization and fire suppression failure. This demonstrates that for a water spray fire extinguishing system to be effective in practice, consideration must be given not only to the system's explosion resistance but also its burn resistance.

[0003] Currently, there are no specific standards for dry-burn testing of piping and nozzles in UHV converter transformer water spray fire-extinguishing systems. The closest standard is the "Technical Specification for Water Spray Fire-Extinguishing Systems" (GB50219-2014), which covers dry-burn requirements and test methods for grooved connectors (clamps), seals, and non-metallic flange gaskets within the protected area. Article 4.06 of the "Technical Specification for Water Spray Fire-Extinguishing Systems" (GB50219-2014) stipulates that grooved connectors (clamps), seals, and non-metallic flange gaskets within the protected area must pass the dry-burn test specified in Appendix A. The corresponding explanation states that before water spray systems begin spraying, fires may cause dry-burning of dry piping in the system. If the seals of the connectors cannot withstand dry-burning, significant water leakage will occur, inevitably affecting the system's cooling effectiveness. Therefore, dry-burn resistance requirements are set for water spray piping connectors. Appendix A of the "Technical Specification for Water Spray Fire-Extinguishing Systems" (GB50219-2014) specifies the dry-burn resistance test method. The anti-dry burning requirements specified in this method refer to the relevant provisions of Germany's VdS2100-6en: 2004-01 "Pipeline Connectors" and GB5135.11-2006 "Automatic Sprinkler Fire Extinguishing Systems Part 11: Grooved Pipe Connectors". When the system is used for liquefied hydrocarbon storage tanks, it is very dangerous to use liquefied hydrocarbon jet fire for testing. Therefore, it is recommended to use gasoline fire with a similar calorific value for dry burning tests. For water spray fire extinguishing systems installed in other places, the degree of heat received by pipe fittings during dry burning is less than that in liquefied hydrocarbon places. Therefore, methanol fire can be used for testing. The test combustion disk area is required to be no less than 0.08m 2The distance between the top edge of the combustion disk and the connection piece should be 200mm. The dry burning time should be no less than 5 minutes. After the dry burning is completed, the burned connection parts of the assembly should be cooled by pouring water. The cooling time should be no less than 3 minutes. After the cooling is completed, the assembly should be flushed with water and pressurized to the working pressure. It is required that there should be no jet leakage at the pipe connection parts.

[0004] Although the Technical Specifications for Water Spray Fire Extinguishing Systems GB50219-2014 puts forward the dry burning requirements and test methods for grooved connectors (clamps) seals and non-metallic flange gaskets in the protection area, it also stipulates the type and minimum size of the fire source (0.08m 2 , equivalent to a small 0.2m x 0.4m oil pan. Based on a methanol fire, the maximum fire source power is estimated to be only 44kW. However, the specific temperature requirements are not clearly quantified, nor are the fire resistance tests for main pipes, branch pipes, and nozzles covered. Furthermore, it is assumed that pipes used in locations other than liquefied hydrocarbon storage tanks are less susceptible to dry burning than those in liquefied hydrocarbon locations, and methanol fire is recommended as the test fire source. Converter transformer fires in converter stations are generally transformer oil fires. Related research has shown that converter transformer fires in converter stations are characterized by extremely rapid fire development (explosive fires), high oil temperatures, and high fire intensity. Existing accident cases have shown that converter transformer fires are generally explosive fires, with extremely rapid fire development and a highly vigorous combustion state typically occurring immediately after the explosion. From the perspective of the temperature rising environment, the methanol fire source used in the dry burning test method for grooved connectors (clamps) sealing rings and non-metallic flange gaskets in the protection zone proposed in the "Technical Specifications for Water Spray Fire Extinguishing Systems" GB50219-2014 has a development rate and temperature value far lower than the high-temperature hot oil fire of the converter transformer. The dry burning test method for pipe connectors in the "Technical Specifications for Water Spray Fire Extinguishing Systems" GB50219-2014 is obviously not in line with the actual situation of the converter transformer fire, and is therefore not suitable for testing the fire resistance of the pipes, connectors and nozzles of the converter transformer water spray system.

[0005] See Figure 1 GB / T 26784-2011, "Alternative and additional test procedures for fire resistance tests of building elements", refers to EN1363-2:1999 "Fire tests Part 2: Alternative and additional test procedures" and stipulates five temperature rise curves, including hydrocarbon (HC) temperature rise curve, outdoor fire temperature rise curve, slow temperature rise curve, power fire temperature rise curve and tunnel fire RABT-ZTV temperature rise curve. The tunnel fire RABT-ZTV temperature rise curve is not shown in the figure. These temperature rise curve conditions are different from the transformer oil fire test results. Please refer to Figure 2 , which is mainly reflected in the fact that the standard temperature rise curve fails to reflect the characteristics of rapid temperature rise of transformer oil fire.

[0006] Currently, there is no specific standard for dry burning test of pipelines and nozzles of UHV converter transformer water spray fire extinguishing system. The fire source specified in the Technical Specifications for Water Spray Fire Extinguishing System GB50219-2014 regarding the dry burning requirements and test methods for grooved connectors (clamps) sealing rings and non-metallic flange gaskets in the protection area is obviously not in line with the actual situation of transformer oil fire. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is how to provide a simulation device capable of simulating the rapid heating of transformer oil fire.

[0008] The present invention solves the above-mentioned technical problems through the following technical means: a pool fire simulator based on gas real fire simulation technology, including a gas cylinder group, a gas transmission pipeline, a simulated oil pool, a rectifying sand layer, and a pulse electronic igniter. A rectifying sand layer is provided in the simulated oil pool, and multiple gas guide channels are formed in the rectifying sand layer. The gas cylinder group is connected to the input end of the gas guide channel through the gas transmission pipeline, and a controllable gas electronic valve is provided on the gas transmission pipeline. A pulse electronic igniter is also provided on the outside of the simulated oil pool, and the ignition end of the pulse electronic igniter is located above the output end of the gas guide channel; the rectifying sand layer is made of steel sand.

[0009] As a preferred technical solution, it also includes a controller, which is electrically connected or communicatively connected to the pulse electronic igniter and the controllable gas electronic valve.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution, the simulated oil pool is a box structure with an open top and closed circumference and bottom. The circumference and bottom inner walls of the simulated oil pool form a rectifying groove, and the rectifying sand layer is arranged in the rectifying groove.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution, the gas pipeline includes a gas main pipe and a gas branch pipe. The gas cylinder group is connected to multiple gas branch pipes through the gas main pipe, and the multiple gas branch pipes are connected to the input end of the gas guide channel.

[0012] As an optimal technical solution, a protective net for limiting the position of the rectified sand layer is further provided in the simulated oil pool.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution, the diameter of the steel sand is 3 mm, and the thickness of the rectifying sand layer is greater than or equal to 250 mm.

[0014] As a preferred technical solution, the controller is electrically connected to the pulse electronic igniter through an igniter control line, and the controller is electrically connected to the controllable gas electronic valve through a gas solenoid valve control line.

[0015] As a preferred technical solution, one end of the gas transmission branch pipe connected to the simulated oil pool is located at the bottom of the simulated oil pool.

[0016] As a preferred technical solution, the plurality of gas transmission branches are evenly distributed along the bottom of the simulated oil pool.

[0017] A simulation method for a pool fire simulator based on gas real fire simulation technology is characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0018] Before the test, turn on the pulse electronic igniter, then open the controllable gas electronic valve, adjust the flow rate, test the flame temperature with a thermocouple, and use a camera and the naked eye to determine whether the flame shape is similar to a real transformer oil fire, and record the corresponding flow rate.

[0019] During the test, turn on the pulse electronic igniter, then open the controllable gas electronic valve, set the gas flow rate to the flow rate obtained by debugging before the experiment, and remove the pulse electronic igniter after ignition;

[0020] After the test, close the controllable gas electronic valve first.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0022] (1) In the present invention, based on the simulation of gas real fire and using fuel gas as the gas source, compared with the direct combustion of the transformer, the amount of smoke is small and the system is more environmentally friendly; at the same time, by setting the diameter of the rectifying sand particles to 3mm and the thickness of the rectifying sand layer to be not less than 250mm, the outlet velocity of the fuel on the surface of the simulated oil pool can be reduced, and the diffusion flame characteristics of the transformer oil fire can be simulated to the greatest extent, thereby reflecting the combustion characteristics of the actual transformer oil fire.

[0023] (2) In the present invention, the fire source can be started and stopped at any time through the controllable gas control valve, thereby improving the safety of the test. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 A temperature comparison chart within 30 minutes of different heating curves provided as background technology of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a temperature test curve at different heights of a KI25X transformer oil fire provided as the background technology of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the overall structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the pool fire temperature simulation effect provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure numbers: 1. Gas cylinder group; 2. Controllable gas electronic valve; 3. Gas main pipe; 4. Gas branch pipe; 5. Simulated oil pool; 6. Rectification sand layer; 7. Protective net; 8. Pulse electronic igniter; 9. Ignition control line; 10. Gas solenoid valve control line; 11. Controller. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] See Figure 3 A pool fire simulator based on gas real fire simulation technology includes a gas cylinder group 1, a controllable gas electronic valve 2, a gas main pipe 3, a gas branch pipe 4, a simulated oil pool 5, a rectifier sand layer 6, a protective net 7, a pulse electronic igniter 8, an igniter control line 9, a gas solenoid valve control line 10, and a controller 11. The gas cylinder group 1 is connected to the simulated oil pool 5 through a gas pipeline and supplies gas to the simulated oil pool 5. A controllable gas electronic valve 2 is provided on the gas pipeline. The controllable gas electronic valve 2 is used to adjust the opening and closing of the gas pipeline. The controllable gas electronic valve 2 can adjust its channel opening and can be a commercially available general electronic valve with a controllable function.

[0031] The simulated oil pool 5 is a box structure with an open top and a sealed circumference and bottom. A rectifying groove is formed therein, and a rectifying sand layer 6 is provided in the rectifying groove. A protective net 7 is also fixedly connected to the simulated oil pool 5. The protective net 7 is located on the top of the rectifying sand layer 6 and limits the rectifying sand layer 6 to prevent the subsequent water spraying from causing the rectifying sand layer 6 to shift. A pulse electronic igniter 8 is provided above the simulated oil pool 5. The controllable gas electronic valve 2, the pulse electronic igniter 8 and the controller 11 are electrically or communicatively connected;

[0032] It should be noted that the gaps between the rectifying sand layers 6 form multiple air guide channels. The rectifying sand layer 6 is made of steel sand with a diameter of 3mm and a thickness of not less than 250mm. The smaller the particle size of the steel sand, the smaller the thickness of the required rectifying sand layer 6. However, this will cause another problem, that is, the more mesh count of the protective net 7 required to fix the sand layer, the finer the mesh, the less durable it is, and the easier it is to burn out. The larger the particle size, the coarser and more durable the protective net 7 can be. In order to achieve the rectification effect, the minimum thickness required is greater. The mesh diameter of the protective net 7 is 1mm and the mesh diameter is 2mm. The pulse electronic igniter 8 is about 100mm away from the protective net 7.

[0033] See Figure 3The controllable gas electronic valve 2 is electrically connected to the controller 11 through the gas solenoid valve control line 10, and the pulse electronic igniter 8 is electrically connected to the controller 11 through the igniter control line 9. The gas supply pipeline includes a gas supply main pipe 3 and a gas supply branch pipe 4. One end of the gas supply main pipe 3 is connected to the gas cylinder group 1, and the other end is connected to multiple gas supply branch pipes 4, and is connected to the rectification tank of the simulated oil pool 5 through multiple gas supply branch pipes 4. The input end of the gas supply branch pipe 4 is located at the bottom of the simulated oil pool 5 to ensure that the gas can enter the rectification sand layer 6. In this embodiment, taking three gas supply main pipes 3 as an example, they are evenly distributed at the bottom of the simulated oil pool 5, that is, equidistantly distributed, to ensure that the input gas evenly enters multiple gas guide channels.

[0034] Simulation method:

[0035] Before the test, turn on the pulse electronic igniter 8, then open the controllable gas electronic valve 2, adjust the flow rate, use a thermocouple to test the flame temperature, use a camera and the naked eye to determine whether the flame shape is similar to a real transformer oil fire, and record the corresponding flow rate data;

[0036] During the test, first turn on the pulse electronic igniter 8, then open the controllable gas electronic valve 2, adjust the gas flow rate to the flow rate obtained by debugging before the experiment, and remove the pulse electronic igniter 8 after ignition;

[0037] After the test, close the controllable gas electronic valve 2 first.

[0038] See Figure 4 Based on the gas real fire simulation technology, compared with the direct combustion transformer, the smoke volume is small and the system is more environmentally friendly. At the same time, compared with the standard temperature rise curve, the temperature can be increased rapidly, which better reflects the actual combustion characteristics of transformer oil fire, namely suddenness. At the same time, through the controllable gas electronic valve 2, the fire source can be started and stopped at any time, improving the test safety.

[0039] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pool fire simulator based on gas real fire simulation technology, characterized in that: It includes a gas cylinder group, a gas pipeline, a simulated oil pool, a rectifying sand layer, and a pulse electronic igniter. The simulated oil pool is provided with a rectifying sand layer, and multiple gas guide channels are formed in the rectifying sand layer. The gas cylinder group is connected to the input end of the gas guide channel through the gas pipeline. The gas pipeline is provided with a controllable gas electronic valve. A pulse electronic igniter is also provided on the outside of the simulated oil pool, and the ignition end of the pulse electronic igniter is located above the output end of the gas guide channel; the rectifying sand layer is made of steel sand.

2. A pool fire simulator based on gas real fire simulation technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a controller, which is electrically connected or communicatively connected with the pulse electronic igniter and the controllable gas electronic valve.

3. A pool fire simulator based on gas real fire simulation technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The simulated oil pool is a box structure with an open top and closed circumference and bottom. The circumference and bottom inner walls of the simulated oil pool form a rectifying groove, and the rectifying sand layer is arranged in the rectifying groove.

4. A pool fire simulator based on gas real fire simulation technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas delivery pipeline includes a gas delivery main pipe and a gas delivery branch pipe. The gas cylinder group is connected to a plurality of gas delivery branch pipes through the gas delivery main pipe, and the plurality of gas delivery branch pipes are connected to the input end of the gas guide channel.

5. A pool fire simulator based on gas real fire simulation technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: A protective net for limiting the position of the rectifying sand layer is also arranged in the simulated oil pool.

6. A pool fire simulator based on gas real fire simulation technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the steel sand is 3 mm, and the thickness of the rectifying sand layer is greater than or equal to 250 mm.

7. A pool fire simulator based on gas real fire simulation technology according to claim 2, characterized in that: The controller is electrically connected to the pulse electronic igniter through an igniter control line, and the controller is electrically connected to the controllable gas electronic valve through a gas solenoid valve control line.

8. A pool fire simulator based on gas real fire simulation technology according to claim 4, characterized in that: One end of the gas transmission branch pipe connected to the simulated oil pool is located at the bottom of the simulated oil pool.

9. A pool fire simulator based on gas real fire simulation technology according to claim 8, characterized in that: The plurality of gas transmission branches are evenly distributed along the bottom of the simulated oil pool.

10. A method for simulating a pool fire simulator based on gas real fire simulation technology according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The steps include: Before the test, turn on the pulse electronic igniter, then open the controllable gas electronic valve, adjust the flow rate, test the flame temperature through the thermocouple, and use the camera and the naked eye to determine whether the shape of the flame is similar to the real transformer oil fire, and record the corresponding flow rate; During the test, turn on the pulse electronic igniter, then open the controllable gas electronic valve, set the gas flow rate to the flow rate obtained by debugging before the experiment, and remove the pulse electronic igniter after ignition; After the test, close the controllable gas electronic valve first.

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