Glass antenna and vehicle

Abstract

The invention relates to a glass antenna and a vehicle. The glass antenna comprises a glass piece, a first radiator, a metal frame, a reflecting plate and a feed structure, the first radiating body is arranged in the glass piece, and a tuning gap is formed in the first radiating body so as to prolong a current path and adjust the resonant frequency of the first radiating body; the metal frame and the reflecting plate are arranged outside the glass part, the glass part, the metal frame and the reflecting plate form a reflecting cavity, and the feed structure is arranged in the reflecting cavity to feed the first radiator in a coupling manner. By adopting the scheme, the miniaturization of the antenna can be realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a glass antenna and a vehicle. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development and improvement of vehicle-mounted functions, the types of hardware are increasing, the space occupied by various motherboard hardware is increasing, and the space left for antennas is becoming increasingly limited.

[0003] Therefore, how to achieve antenna miniaturization while ensuring antenna performance has become an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the invention

[0004] Based on this, it is necessary to provide a glass antenna and a carrier that can achieve antenna miniaturization in order to address the above technical problems.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides a glass antenna, which includes: a glass component, a first radiator, a metal frame, a reflector and a feeding structure; the first radiator is arranged inside the glass component, and a tuning gap is opened on the first radiator to extend the current path and adjust the resonant frequency of the first radiator; the metal frame and the reflector are arranged outside the glass component, and the glass component, the metal frame and the reflector form a reflective cavity, and the feeding structure is arranged in the reflective cavity to couple and feed the first radiator.

[0006] In one embodiment, there are multiple tuning slots, and the multiple tuning slots are distributed in a ring shape.

[0007] In one embodiment, the plurality of tuning slots are distributed in a circular array, and there is a gap between the orthographic projection of each tuning slot on the glass member and the orthographic projection of the feeding structure on the glass member.

[0008] In one of the embodiments, a plurality of anti-radius plates are disposed on the outer wall of the metal frame, and the plurality of anti-radius plates are symmetrically distributed relative to the center of the first radiator.

[0009] In one of the embodiments, N pairs of choke walls are arranged on the plurality of path suppression plates, wherein the N pairs of choke walls are symmetrically distributed relative to the center of the first radiator, and N is a positive integer.

[0010] In one of the embodiments, a choke plate is arranged on the choke wall.

[0011] In one embodiment, the glass antenna further includes a second radiator, which surrounds the outside of the first radiator; and the operating frequency band of the second radiator is smaller than the operating frequency band of the first radiator.

[0012] In one embodiment, the distance between the anti-diaphragm plate and the plane where the first radiator is located is 0.01-0.025 first reference wavelengths, where the first reference wavelength is an operating wavelength corresponding to the central operating frequency of the first radiator;

[0013] And / or, the distance between the anti-diaphragm plate and the reflector plate is 0.015-0.05 of the first reference wavelength;

[0014] And / or, the width of the radial suppression plate is 0.0125-0.1 second reference wavelength, where the second reference wavelength is an operating wavelength corresponding to the central operating frequency of the second radiator;

[0015] And / or, the thickness of the choke wall is 0.026-0.1 first reference wavelength.

[0016] In one embodiment, the metal frame includes a first frame and a second frame that are fixedly connected.

[0017] In a second aspect, the present application also provides a vehicle comprising the glass antenna described in any one of the first aspects above.

[0018] The above-mentioned glass antenna includes a glass piece, a first radiator, a metal frame, a reflector, and a feeding structure; the first radiator is arranged inside the glass piece, and a tuning slot is provided on the first radiator to extend the current path and adjust the resonant frequency of the first radiator; the metal frame and the reflector are arranged outside the glass piece, and the glass piece, the metal frame and the reflector form a reflection cavity, and the feeding structure is arranged in the reflection cavity to couple and feed the first radiator. Since the first radiator is arranged inside the glass piece, the antenna can avoid problems such as frequency deviation caused by the influence of metal parts and glass in the vehicle, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing the influence of the environment on the antenna performance, and the tuning slot is provided on the first radiator, which extends the current path of the first radiator, and achieves the purpose of extending the current path without increasing the size of the radiator. Therefore, the miniaturization of the antenna is achieved by providing a tuning slot on the first radiator. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or related technologies, the drawings required for use in the embodiments of the present application or related technical descriptions will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0020] FIG1 is an exploded schematic diagram of a glass antenna in one embodiment;

[0021] FIG2 is a cross-sectional view of a glass antenna according to an embodiment;

[0022] FIG3 is a top view of a glass antenna according to an embodiment;

[0023] FIG4 is a second top view of a glass antenna according to an embodiment;

[0024] FIG5 is a schematic diagram of one arrangement of tuning slots in one embodiment;

[0025] FIG6 is a second schematic diagram of an arrangement of tuning slots in an embodiment;

[0026] FIG7 is a third schematic diagram of an arrangement of tuning slots in an embodiment;

[0027] FIG8 is a fourth schematic diagram of an arrangement of tuning slots in one embodiment;

[0028] FIG9 is a fifth schematic diagram of an arrangement of tuning slots in one embodiment;

[0029] FIG10 is a schematic diagram of a metal frame according to an embodiment;

[0030] FIG11 is a second schematic diagram of a metal frame in one embodiment;

[0031] FIG12 is a partial schematic diagram of the inner wall of a metal frame in one embodiment;

[0032] FIG13 is a perspective view of a glass antenna according to an embodiment;

[0033] FIG14 is one of the three-dimensional schematic diagrams of the appearance of a glass antenna in one embodiment;

[0034] FIG15 is a passive radiation pattern of the antenna when the operating frequency is 1.176 GHZ based on FIG13 in one embodiment;

[0035] FIG16 is a passive radiation pattern of the antenna when the operating frequency is 1.575 GHz based on the antenna shown in FIG13 in one embodiment;

[0036] FIG17 is an axial ratio curve diagram of the antenna when the operating frequency is 1.176 GHZ based on FIG13 in one embodiment;

[0037] FIG18 is an axial ratio curve diagram of the antenna when the operating frequency is 1.575 GHz based on FIG13 in one embodiment;

[0038] FIG19 is a second perspective schematic diagram of a glass antenna in one embodiment;

[0039] FIG20 is a passive radiation pattern of the antenna when the operating frequency is 1.575 GHz based on the antenna shown in FIG19 in one embodiment;

[0040] FIG21 is a passive radiation pattern of the antenna when the operating frequency is 1.176 GHz based on FIG19 in one embodiment;

[0041] FIG22 is a third perspective schematic diagram of a glass antenna in one embodiment;

[0042] FIG23 is a fourth perspective schematic diagram of a glass antenna in one embodiment;

[0043] FIG24 is a second perspective view of the appearance of a glass antenna in one embodiment;

[0044] FIG25 is a third perspective view of the appearance of a glass antenna in one embodiment;

[0045] FIG. 26 is a second cross-sectional view of a glass antenna in one embodiment.

[0046] Description of reference numerals:

[0047] 101-glass piece, 1011-first glass piece, 1012-second glass piece, 1013-middle piece;

[0048] 102-first radiator, 102a-tuning slot, 102b-sheet radiating unit, 102c-first tuning branch, L1-first comb-shaped tuning branch, L2-second comb-shaped tuning branch;

[0049] 103 - metal frame, 103a - metal cavity, 103b - connection gap, 1031 - first frame, 1032 - second frame;

[0050] 104-reflection plate, 105-feeding structure, 106-second radiator, 106a-ring unit, 106b second tuning branch, 107-suppression plate, 108-metal cover plate;

[0051] 701-card slot, 702-line outlet, 1301-choke wall, 1601-choke piece. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present application more clearly understood, the present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and are not used to limit the present application.

[0053] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs. The terms used herein in the specification of this application are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application.

[0054] It is understood that the terms "first", "second", etc. used in this application may be used herein to describe various elements, but these elements are not limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish a first element from another element. For example, without departing from the scope of this application, a first resistor may be referred to as a second resistor, and similarly, a second resistor may be referred to as a first resistor. Both the first resistor and the second resistor are resistors, but they are not the same resistor.

[0055] It is understood that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "disposed on" another element, it may be directly on the other element or there may be a central element. When an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or there may be a central element at the same time. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "upper", "lower", "left", "right" and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to be the only implementation method.

[0056] In the description of this application, it should be understood that in this application, "electrical connection" can be understood as physical contact and electrical conduction between components; it can also be understood as the form in which different components in the circuit structure are connected through physical lines such as printed circuit board (PCB) copper foil or wires that can transmit electrical signals. "Coupling" can be understood as electrical conduction through air through indirect coupling. Among them, it can be understood by those skilled in the art that the coupling phenomenon refers to the phenomenon that there is close cooperation and mutual influence between the input and output of two or more circuit elements or electrical networks, and energy is transmitted from one side to the other through interaction.

[0057] With the continuous development and improvement of vehicle functions, the types of hardware are increasing, the space occupied by various motherboard hardware is increasing, and the space left for antennas is becoming increasingly limited. Therefore, how to achieve antenna miniaturization while ensuring antenna performance has become an urgent problem to be solved.

[0058] Based on this, it is necessary to propose effective technical means to solve the above problems. The technical solution of the present application and how the technical solution of the present application solves the above technical problems are described in detail below with specific embodiments. In addition, the following specific embodiments can be combined with each other, and the same or similar concepts or processes may not be repeated in some embodiments.

[0059] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG1 , an exploded schematic diagram of a glass antenna is provided. The glass antenna comprises: a glass member 101, a first radiator 102, a metal frame 103, a reflector 104, and a feeding structure 105; the first radiator 102 is arranged inside the glass member 101, and a tuning slot 102a is provided on the first radiator 102 to extend the current path and adjust the resonant frequency of the first radiator 102; the metal frame 103 and the reflector 104 are arranged outside the glass member 101, and the glass member 101, the metal frame 103 and the reflector 104 form a reflection cavity, and the feeding structure 105 is arranged in the reflection cavity to couple and feed the first radiator 102.

[0060] Among them, the glass component 101 can be a sunroof glass, front windshield, rear windshield or side window glass of the vehicle. In an achievable manner, as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 , FIG. 2 provides a cross-sectional view of a glass antenna, the glass component 101 includes a first glass component 1011 and a second glass component 1012, the first glass component 1011 includes a first surface and a second surface, the second glass component 1012 includes a third surface and a fourth surface, the first surface is far from the third surface, the second surface is close to the third surface, the third surface is close to the second surface, and the fourth surface is far from the second surface. When the glass component 101 is installed on a vehicle, looking from the interior space of the vehicle to the outside of the window, they are the first surface, the second surface, the third surface, and the fourth surface, respectively. In another achievable manner, the glass member 101 further includes an intermediate layer 1013 disposed between the first glass member 1011 and the second glass member 1012. The material of the intermediate layer 1013 can be PVB (Polyvinyl Butyral), because PVB will melt at high temperatures, and the first glass member 1011 and the second glass member 1012 can be bonded together through a lamination process to form a laminated glass, which can effectively improve the strength and toughness of the glass member 101, and can also improve the anti-collision ability and safety performance of the glass member 101. The thickness of the first glass member 1011 and the thickness of the second glass member 1012 can both be designed to be about 2.1 mm, and the thickness of the intermediate layer 1013 can be designed to be about 0.76 mm, so that the influence of the glass member 101 on the first radiator 102 can be minimized.

[0061] The first radiator 102 is disposed between the first glass member 1011 and the second glass member 1012, and can be specifically disposed on the second surface or the third surface, which can increase the service life of the antenna. The first radiator 102 is a multi-branch structure to expand the bandwidth of the antenna. In an achievable manner, as shown in FIG1 , the first radiator 102 includes a sheet-like radiating unit 102b and a first tuning branch 102c, the first tuning branch 102c is connected to the outside of the sheet-like radiating unit 102b, and a tuning slot 102a is provided on the sheet-like radiating unit 102b.

[0062] The shape of the sheet-shaped radiation unit 102b may be circular, elliptical, polygonal (such as rectangular), etc. Preferably, the first radiator 102 is best to use a circular sheet-shaped radiation unit 102b, which can improve the omnidirectional radiation performance of the antenna.

[0063] The first tuning branch 102c includes a plurality of first comb-shaped tuning branches L1 having a first number of racks and a plurality of second comb-shaped tuning branches L2 having a second number of racks, the first number being greater than the second number, wherein the widths of the racks in the first comb-shaped tuning branch L1 are different; the first comb-shaped tuning branch L1 and the second comb-shaped tuning branch L2 are raised portions on the outside of the sheet-like radiation unit 102b, and can be formed synchronously with the sheet-like radiation unit 102b when etching the metal layer.

[0064] There are many ways to prepare the first radiator 102. In one example, a metal layer is printed on the second surface of the glass member 101, and a preset pattern is etched on the metal layer to simultaneously form the tuning gap 102a, the sheet-shaped radiating unit 102b, and the first tuning branch 102c. The metal layer can be a silver paste, a copper layer, or an aluminum layer. In another example, a preset pattern is etched on a copper foil patch to simultaneously form the tuning gap 102a, the sheet-shaped radiating unit 102b, and the first tuning branch 102c, and then the etched copper foil patch is pasted on the second surface of the glass member 101.

[0065] The feeding structure 105 is used to couple and feed the first radiator 102. In an achievable manner, the feeding structure 105 includes a plurality of feeding plates and feeding needles connected to the plurality of feeding plates in a one-to-one correspondence. The plurality of feeding plates are arranged on a PCB board (not shown in the figure) arranged on the first surface close to the first glass member 1011, and the plurality of feeding plates are arranged in the positive projection area of ​​the first radiator 102 on the PCB board. The sizes of the plurality of feeding plates may be the same or different, and the arrangement of the plurality of feeding plates may be a circular distribution or a straight line arrangement, and the size and arrangement of the feeding plates are not limited here. For the plurality of feeding plates distributed in a circular shape, the amplitude of the feeding signal fed into each feeding plate is the same and the phase is different, and the phase of the feeding signal fed into two adjacent feeding plates in the circular direction differs by 90°, so as to realize a circularly polarized antenna.

[0066] Capacitance is formed between each feeding plate and the first radiator 102. Under the excitation of the active circuit, first, each feeding plate is capacitively coupled directly with the first radiator 102 to transmit energy. Then, the transmitted energy is coupled to the first radiator 102 again through the tuning slot 102a. The two energies are continuously circulated, further improving the bandwidth of the antenna.

[0067] The number of the tuning slots 102a can be one or more, and can be flexibly set as needed. The tuning slots 102a can extend the current path, thereby facilitating the miniaturization design of the antenna, and by controlling the distance between the feeding plate and the first glass member 1011 and the length of the tuning slots 102a, the tuning of the first radiator 102 can be achieved, that is, the resonant frequency of the first radiator 102 can be adjusted.

[0068] The shape of the metal frame 103 can be polygonal (such as rectangular), circular or elliptical. The metal frame 103 is arranged on the first surface of the first glass member 1011, and the reflector 104 is fixed in the area surrounded by the metal frame 103, and forms a reflective cavity with the metal frame 103 and the first glass member 1011. The PCB board is arranged in the reflective cavity, and thus the feeding structure 105 is also arranged in the reflective cavity. By reasonably designing the thickness of the cavity wall of the reflective cavity, that is, the distance between the reflector 104 and the first radiator 102, the resonant frequency of the first radiator 102 can be adjusted without adjusting the first radiator 102 in the glass member 101, which is beneficial to the production and maintenance of the antenna.

[0069] Optionally, at least one vertex and / or at least one side of the metal frame 103 is provided with a through hole to form a metal cavity 103a. By adjusting the position of the metal cavity 103a, the size of the metal cavity 103a, the size of the first glass piece 1011 and the second glass piece 1012, the distance between the metal cavity 103a and the first glass piece 1011, and the distance between the reflector 104 and the first glass piece 1011, the multipath effect of the antenna can be suppressed, which is conducive to the reception of direct signals and low-elevation angle signals, suppressing backward radiation and ultra-low elevation angle signals, ensuring that the antenna can receive clean signals, thereby improving the positioning accuracy of the antenna. At the same time, it can also achieve the purpose of expanding the axial ratio angle of the antenna and widening the lobe angle.

[0070] The above-mentioned glass antenna includes: a glass piece 101, a first radiator 102, a metal frame 103, a reflector 104 and a feeding structure 105; the first radiator 102 is arranged inside the glass piece 101, and a tuning gap 102a is opened on the first radiator 102 to extend the current path and adjust the resonant frequency of the first radiator 102; the metal frame 103 and the reflector 104 are arranged outside the glass piece 101, and the glass piece 101, the metal frame 103 and the reflector 104 form a reflection cavity, and the feeding structure 105 is arranged in the reflection cavity to couple and feed the first radiator 102. Since the first radiator 102 is arranged inside the glass part 101, the antenna can avoid problems such as frequency deviation caused by the influence of metal parts and glass in the vehicle, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing the impact of the environment on the antenna performance. The tuning slot is opened on the first radiator 102 to extend the current path of the first radiator 102, so that the purpose of extending the current path does not need to be achieved by increasing the size of the radiator. Therefore, the miniaturization of the antenna is achieved by opening the tuning slot 102a on the first radiator 102. In addition, the cross-sectional height of the antenna (other components of the glass antenna except the glass part) of the present application is lower than the cross-sectional height of the traditional GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) antenna, which is conducive to integration with the vehicle.

[0071] In one embodiment, as shown in FIG3 , a top view of a glass antenna is provided, wherein the glass antenna further includes a second radiator 106 , which surrounds the outer side of the first radiator 102 , and the second radiator 106 is connected to the first radiator 102 through the gap between the first comb-shaped tuning branch L1 and the second comb-shaped tuning branch L2 ; the operating frequency band of the second radiator 106 is smaller than the operating frequency band of the first radiator 102 .

[0072] The second radiator 106 includes a ring unit 106a and a plurality of second tuning branches 106b, each of which is connected to the outside of the ring unit 106a, and the plurality of second tuning branches 106b are symmetrically distributed relative to the center of the first radiator 102. The shape of the ring unit 106a may be a circular ring, an elliptical ring, or a polygonal ring (such as an octagonal ring); the shape of the second tuning branches 106b may be a circular ring, an elliptical ring, or a polygonal ring (such as a rectangular ring).

[0073] The second radiator 106 may be coplanar or non-coplanar with the first radiator 102, that is, the second radiator 106 may be arranged on the second surface, the third surface or the fourth surface. When the second radiator 106 is coplanar with the first radiator 102, there may or may not be a gap between the second radiator 106 and the first radiator 102. When the second radiator 106 is non-coplanar with the first radiator 102, the second radiator 106 surrounding the outside of the first radiator 102 means that the orthographic projection of the second radiator 106 on the plane where the first radiator 102 is located surrounds the outside of the first radiator 102, and there may or may not be a gap between the orthographic projection of the second radiator 106 on the plane where the first radiator 102 is located and the first radiator 102.

[0074] The first radiator 102 may be a high-frequency radiator, and the second radiator 106 may be a low-frequency radiator. For example, the working frequency band of the first radiator 102 is L1 band (1.559 GHz-1.606 GHz), and the working frequency band of the second radiator 106 is L5 band (1.164 GHz-1.189 GHz) to support GNSS, GPS (Global Positioning System), BDS (Beidou Navigation Satellite System), Galileo navigation system, GLONASS (Global 'naya Navigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema).

[0075] There are many ways to prepare the second radiator 106. In one example, a metal layer is printed on the second surface of the glass member 101, and a preset pattern is etched on the metal layer to simultaneously form the annular unit 106a, a plurality of second tuning branches 106b, and the first radiator 102. In another example, a preset pattern is etched on a copper foil patch to simultaneously form the annular unit 106a, a plurality of second tuning branches 106b, and the first radiator 102, and then the etched copper foil patch is pasted on the second surface of the glass member 101.

[0076] In this embodiment, the glass antenna includes a second radiator 106 having a different working frequency band from the first radiator 102, so that the antenna meets the requirements of dual-frequency coverage. Compared with a single-frequency antenna, the influence of the ionosphere can be removed, which is beneficial to improve the positioning accuracy to a certain extent. In addition, under the excitation of the active circuit, the feeding structure 105 is directly capacitively coupled with the first radiator 102 and the second radiator 106 to transmit energy, and then the transmitted energy is coupled to the first radiator 102 and the second radiator 106 again through the tuning slot 102a to realize the radiation of the antenna, wherein the coupling amount is relatively independent, and the isolation of each port is high. By controlling the distance between the feeding structure 105 and the glass member 101 and the length of the tuning slot 102a, the tuning of the first radiator 102 and the second radiator 106 can be realized.

[0077] In addition, the first radiator 102 includes a sheet-shaped radiating unit 102b and a first tuning branch 102c, and the second radiator 106 includes a ring-shaped unit 106a and multiple second tuning branches 106b, so that different resonance conditions can be superimposed between the sheet-shaped radiating unit 102b, the first tuning branch 102c, the outer ring of the ring-shaped unit 106a and the second tuning branches 106b, thereby expanding the bandwidth of the antenna.

[0078] It should be noted that the width difference between the racks in the first comb-shaped tuning branch L1 in the first tuning branch 102c is generally no more than about 0.01 second reference wavelength (also called low-frequency working wavelength), and the second reference wavelength is the working wavelength corresponding to the central working frequency of the second radiator 106. The distance between the first radiator 102 and the second radiator 106 is generally no more than about 0.0025 second reference wavelength to avoid the loss of low-frequency energy due to too large a distance.

[0079] In one embodiment, there are multiple tuning slots 102a, and the multiple tuning slots 102a are distributed in a ring shape.

[0080] The number of tuning slots 102a can be determined according to the number of feeding plates in the feeding structure 105. For example, the number of tuning slots 102a is a multiple of the number of feeding plates, or the number of tuning slots 102a is equal to the number of feeding plates.

[0081] The shape of the tuning slot 102a can be an arc, or a T-shape, or a deformation of a T-shape, or a leaf shape, or an S-shape, or a polygonal shape, etc. It can be designed as needed. The shape of the tuning slot 102a is not limited here, as long as the multiple tuning slots 102a are distributed in a ring array, and there is a gap between the orthographic projection of each tuning slot 102a on the glass member 101 and the orthographic projection of the feeding structure 105 on the glass member 101. There is a gap between the orthographic projection of each tuning slot 102a on the glass member 101 and the orthographic projection of the feeding structure 105 on the glass member 101, which means that there is a gap between the orthographic projection of each tuning slot 102a on the glass member 101 and the orthographic projection of each feeding plate in the feeding structure 105 on the glass member 101. In this way, the design that the orthographic projection of the tuning slot 102a does not intersect with the orthographic projection of each feeding plate can avoid the influence of the tuning slot 102a on the impedance matching of the antenna.

[0082] In one achievable manner, when the tuning slot 102 a is in an arc shape, the inner arc side of the tuning slot 102 a is arranged toward the outer arc side of another adjacent tuning slot 102 a , as shown in FIG. 3 .

[0083] When the shape of the tuning slot 102a is T-shaped or a deformation of the T-shape, the tuning slot 102a includes a first slot P1 and a second slot P2 that are connected to each other. In one example, the first slot P1 is arranged close to the edge of the first radiator 102, and the second slot P2 is arranged close to the center of the first radiator 102, as shown in Figures 4 and 5, wherein Figures (a), (b) and (c) in Figure 5 are respectively deformations of the T-shaped tuning slot 102a in Figure 4, and the connection positions of the first slot P1 and the second slot P2 are different from those in Figure 4; in another example, the first slot P1 is arranged toward the second slot P2 of another adjacent tuning slot 102a, as shown in Figures 6 and 7, which can be regarded as the tuning slot 102a in Figures 4 and 5 rotated by a certain angle, wherein Figure 6 corresponds to Figure 4, and Figure 7 corresponds to Figure 5.

[0084] The shape of the tuning slot 102a is a leaf shape, which means that the tuning slot 102a is composed of a plurality of staggered slot branches, and the specific type of the leaf is not limited. In one example, the tuning slot 102a includes a third slot P3, a fourth slot P4, and a fifth slot P5 that are interconnected, and the third slot P3 and the fourth slot P4 are both arranged close to the center of the fifth slot P5, and the third slot P3 and the fourth slot P4 are located on different sides of the fifth slot P5, and the fourth slot P4 is arranged toward the third slot P3 of another adjacent tuning slot 102a, as shown in Figure (a) in Figure 8. In another example, the tuning slot 102a includes a sixth slot P6 and a seventh slot P7, an eighth slot P8 and a ninth slot P9 interconnected through the sixth slot P6, the seventh slot P7 and the eighth slot P8 are arranged on the same side of the sixth slot P6, the ninth slot P9 is arranged on the other side of the sixth slot P6, the seventh slot P7 and the eighth slot P8 are arranged close to the edge of the first radiator 102, and the ninth slot P9 is arranged close to the center of the first radiator 102, as shown in Figure (b) of Figure 8.

[0085] When the tuning slot 102a is S-shaped, the tuning slot 102a can be arranged in a manner similar to the arc-shaped slot in FIG3 , as shown in FIG9 (a). Of course, it can also be arranged in a manner similar to the first slot P1 in FIG4 , as shown in FIG9 (b).

[0086] When the shape of the tuning slots 102a is a polygon, taking a rectangle as an example, the tuning slots 102a can be arranged in a manner similar to the arrangement of the arc slots in FIG. 3 , or in a manner similar to the arrangement of the first slots P1 in FIG. 4 .

[0087] In this embodiment, the tuning slot 102a is in an arc shape, and when it is arranged in the arrangement as shown in Figure 3, it has a high-frequency choking effect; the tuning slot 102a is in a T shape, or a deformation of the T shape, or a leaf shape, or an S shape, and when it is arranged in any of the arrangements in Figures 4-9, it has a high-frequency choking effect and a low-frequency choking effect; when the tuning slot 102a is in a polygonal shape, high-frequency choking and / or low-frequency choking effect can be achieved according to its specific shape and arrangement.

[0088] In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 , a plurality of anti-diameter plates 107 are disposed on the outer wall of the metal frame 103 , and the plurality of anti-diameter plates 107 are symmetrically distributed relative to the center of the first radiator 102 .

[0089] The anti-diameter plate 107 is made of metal. The anti-diameter plate 107 is a columnar body, and both bottom surfaces thereof can be polygonal (such as rectangular), circular, elliptical, etc. The number of anti-diameter plates 107 can be determined according to the shape of the metal frame 103. For example, if the metal frame 103 is rectangular, the number of anti-diameter plates 107 is 4, and the 4 anti-diameter plates 107 are arranged on the 4 outer walls of the metal frame 103 in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0090] In addition to being connected to the metal frame 103, the anti-diameter plate 107 is also connected to the glass member 101. Specifically, the anti-diameter plate 107 and the glass member 101 are connected by non-metallic glue. This can increase the contact area between the metal frame 103 and the glass member 101 on the one hand. On the other hand, by connecting the anti-diameter plate 107 and the glass member 101 by non-metallic glue, it is possible to avoid the problem that the anti-diameter plate 107 directly contacts the glass and affects the printing force of the glass, causing the glass to easily crack, thereby improving the reliability of the entire glass antenna.

[0091] The width of the anti-diameter plate 107 can control the size of the first radiator 102 and the second radiator 106 to a certain extent. In order to avoid the anti-diameter plate 107 being too small, which may result in poor gluing and fixing in the production process, and being too large, which may result in the antenna being too large in size and increased production costs, and may also damage the multipath suppression effect of the antenna, the width of the anti-diameter plate 107 is generally about 0.0125-0.1 second reference wavelength, where the second reference wavelength is the working wavelength corresponding to the central working frequency of the second radiator 106. The width of the anti-diameter plate 107 refers to the length of the anti-diameter plate 107 from the side away from the outer wall of the metal frame 103 to the side close to the outer wall of the metal frame 103.

[0092] In order to achieve a good multipath suppression effect, widen the axial ratio angle and be compatible with the requirements of miniaturization design, the distance between the anti-diameter plate 107 and the plane where the first radiator 102 is located is about 0.01-0.025 first reference wavelengths (also called high-frequency working wavelengths), the first reference wavelength is the working wavelength corresponding to the central working frequency of the first radiator 102, and / or, the distance between the anti-diameter plate 107 and the reflector 104 is about 0.015-0.05 first reference wavelengths. Among them, a good multipath suppression effect is conducive to the antenna being able to receive a purer signal, thereby improving the positioning accuracy of the antenna; the wide axial ratio angle is not only conducive to improving the anti-interference ability of the antenna, but also conducive to having a certain advantage in searching satellite signals when the vehicle is going uphill, thereby ensuring positioning to a more accurate position.

[0093] The plurality of radial suppression plates 107 are symmetrically distributed relative to the center of the first radiator 102 , so as to ensure the circular polarization characteristic of the antenna.

[0094] In addition, the size of the anti-diameter plate 107 and the size of the tuning slot 102a both have a certain influence on the resonant frequency of the second radiator 106. Therefore, in order to enable the second radiator 106 to achieve low-frequency radiation, taking the tuning slot 102a in Figure 4 as an example, when the width of the anti-diameter plate 107 increases, the length of the first slot P1 can be reduced accordingly.

[0095] In one of the embodiments, continuing to refer to Figure 2, the glass antenna also includes a metal cover plate 108, which is located at an end of the metal frame 103 away from the glass member 101 and is fixed to the metal frame 103. The glass member 101, the metal frame 103 and the metal cover plate 108 form a shielding cavity, and the reflector 104, the feeding structure 105, the PCB board and the active circuit are arranged in the shielding cavity, wherein the active circuit is specifically arranged in the space formed between the metal cover plate 108 and the reflector 104.

[0096] In this embodiment, the metal cover 108 can prevent the electromagnetic interference of the vehicle from interfering with the circuit part and act as a shielding cover for the active circuit. In addition, the metal frame 103 and the metal cover 108 can be integrated, which simplifies the manufacturing process and improves the production efficiency of the antenna.

[0097] In one embodiment, referring to FIG. 3 , FIG. 4 , FIG. 10 and FIG. 11 , the metal frame 103 includes a first frame 1031 and a second frame 1032 that are fixedly connected.

[0098] In other words, the metal frame 103 is formed by splicing the first frame 1031 and the second frame 1032. Specifically, the first frame 1031 and the second frame 1032 are fixed by screws to form the metal frame 103, so that the metal frame 103 is detachable, which is convenient for the later maintenance of the antenna and reduces the after-sales cost of the antenna. In one achievable implementation, the first frame 1031 and the second frame 1032 are both L-shaped frames, as shown in FIG10; in another achievable implementation, the first frame 1031 and the second frame 1032 are both U-shaped frames, as shown in FIG11.

[0099] Since the metal frame 103 is formed by splicing the first frame 1031 and the second frame 1032, there must be two connecting gaps 103b on the metal frame 103, and the two connecting gaps 103b need to be symmetrical relative to the center of the metal frame 103, which is conducive to ensuring that the circular polarization characteristics of the antenna and the resonance characteristics of the reflection cavity are not destroyed. The width of the connecting gap 103b is not more than about 0.004 of the second reference wavelength, and preferably, the width of the connecting gap 103b is about 0.0058-0.033 of the second reference wavelength.

[0100] It can be understood that when the metal frame 103 is formed by splicing the first frame 1031 and the second frame 1032, and a plurality of anti-diameter plates 107 are arranged on the outer wall of the metal frame 103, and a metal cover plate 108 is arranged on the side of the metal frame 103 away from the glass member 101, in order to be compatible with the detachability of the metal frame 103, the corresponding anti-diameter plates 107 and the metal cover plate 108 are also required to be detachable, as shown in Figures 3 and 4. There are connecting gaps on the upper and lower anti-diameter plates 107. In special cases, such as when the metal frame 103 is spliced ​​by two L-shaped frames as shown in Figure 11, and the anti-diameter plate 107 is smaller than the distance between two adjacent vertices of the metal frame 103, the anti-diameter plate 107 does not need to be detachable.

[0101] In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 12 , a partial schematic diagram of the inner wall of a metal frame is provided. A slot 701 is provided on the inner wall of the metal frame 103 , and the reflector 104 is fixed in the area enclosed by the metal frame 103 through the slot 701 .

[0102] Optionally, two opposite inner walls of the metal frame 103 are provided with card slots 701, so that the reflector 104 can be pushed into the shielding cavity and pulled out from the shielding cavity in a drawer-like manner. This card slot design, combined with the detachable metal frame 103, can facilitate the later maintenance of the antenna.

[0103] Optionally, the reflective plate 104 is fixed to the metal frame 103 by screws to further fix the reflective plate 104 .

[0104] In one embodiment, still referring to FIG. 12 , at least one wire outlet 702 is disposed on the metal frame 103 .

[0105] Among them, the number of outlets 702 can be determined as needed. For example, three outlets 702 are set on the metal frame 103, and the three outlets 702 are respectively connected to the output line of the Pbox (Predictive Behavioural Operational System), the output line of the ADAS (Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems) supporting intelligent driving, and the output line of the timing or other positioning modules.

[0106] The stereoscopic schematic diagrams of the glass antenna of FIG. 3 are shown in FIG. 13 and FIG. 14 , wherein FIG. 13 is a stereoscopic schematic diagram of the glass antenna with its interior seen through, and FIG. 14 is a stereoscopic schematic diagram of the appearance of the glass antenna without seeing through its interior.

[0107] Based on the glass antenna in FIG13, after optimizing the simulation software of the glass antenna, the maximum size of the glass antenna can be 81mm×81mm×7mm. The glass antenna in FIG13 is simulated, and the relevant results are shown in FIG15-FIG18, where FIG15 is the passive radiation pattern of the antenna when the working frequency is 1.176GHZ based on FIG13; FIG16 is the passive radiation pattern of the antenna when the working frequency is 1.575GHz based on FIG13; FIG17 is the axial ratio curve of the antenna when the working frequency is 1.176GHZ based on FIG13; and FIG18 is the axial ratio curve of the antenna when the working frequency is 1.575GHz based on FIG13.

[0108] Based on Figure 15, it can be seen that when the antenna's operating frequency is 1.176 GHZ, the -3dB lobe width of the antenna can reach 96°. The wide lobe width of the antenna is beneficial for ensuring satellite search at low elevation angles. As shown in Figure 17, when the antenna's operating frequency is 1.176 GHz, the axial ratio angle close to 3dB can reach ±80°. The circular polarization characteristics at low elevation angles are good, which is beneficial for tracking satellites at low elevation angles, thereby ensuring that the antenna can still receive signals well when the vehicle is going uphill.

[0109] Based on Figure 16, it can be seen that when the antenna's operating frequency is 1.575GHz, the -3dB lobe width of the antenna can reach 90°. The wide lobe width of the antenna is beneficial for ensuring low-elevation satellite search, and the front-to-back lobe width ratio of the antenna is better than 20dB, which is better than the general traditional vehicle-mounted antenna, and can improve the multipath anti-interference ability of the antenna, thereby improving the positioning accuracy of the antenna. As shown in Figure 18, when the antenna's operating frequency is 1.575GHz, the axial ratio angle close to 3dB can reach ±85°, and the circular polarization characteristics at low elevation angles are good, which is beneficial for the antenna to still receive signals well when the vehicle is going uphill.

[0110] In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 19 , a three-dimensional schematic diagram of another glass antenna is provided, wherein N pairs of choke walls 1301 are arranged on a plurality of diameter suppression plates 107 , wherein the N pairs of choke walls 1301 are symmetrically distributed relative to the center of the first radiator 102 , and N is a positive integer, for example, N may be 1, 2, or 3, etc.

[0111] The choke wall 1301 includes at least one inductor, and the thickness of the choke wall is 0.026-0.1 of the first reference wavelength. The thickness of the choke wall is the length of the choke wall in the thickness direction of the glass member 101.

[0112] The number of choke walls 1301 can be the same as the number of anti-pathway plates 107, that is, each anti-pathway plate 107 is provided with a choke wall 1301, as shown in Figure 19; the number of choke walls 1301 can also be different from the number of anti-pathway plates 107. For example, on four anti-pathway plates 107 that are symmetrically distributed relative to the center of the first radiator 102, two choke walls 1301 that are symmetrically distributed relative to the center of the first radiator 102 are provided, that is, among the four anti-pathway plates 107, only a pair of two opposite anti-pathway plates 107 are provided with choke walls 1301.

[0113] In this embodiment, by providing N pairs of choke walls 1301 on multiple suppression plates 107, and the N pairs of choke walls 1301 are symmetrically distributed relative to the center of the first radiator 102, not only can the gain at low elevation angles be expanded, but it is also beneficial to improve the multi-path suppression effect of the antenna, as shown in Figures 20 and 21, wherein Figure 20 is a passive radiation pattern of the antenna when the operating frequency is 1.575 GHz based on the working frequency shown in Figure 19; Figure 21 is a passive radiation pattern of the antenna when the working frequency is 1.176 GHz based on the working frequency shown in Figure 19.

[0114] In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 22 and FIG. 23 , a choke piece 1601 is disposed on the choke wall 1301 .

[0115] The material of the choke 1601 includes metal, which is used to further block multipath signals and expand the bandwidth of the suppression frequency band.

[0116] Optionally, the choke 1601 is disposed on a side of the choke wall 1301 away from the anti-diaphragm plate 107. In one achievable manner, the angle between the choke 1601 and the choke wall 1301 is 90°, as shown in FIG22 ; in another achievable manner, the angle between the choke 1601 and the choke wall 1301 is greater than 90°, as shown in FIG23 . In order to more clearly see the difference between FIG23 and FIG22 , a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the appearance of the glass antenna without a perspective view of the interior corresponding to FIG22 is also provided, as shown in FIG24 , and a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the appearance of the glass antenna without a perspective view of the interior corresponding to FIG23 is also provided, as shown in FIG25 . In addition, taking the glass antenna shown in FIG23 as an example, its cross-sectional view is shown in FIG26 .

[0117] In an exemplary embodiment, the present application also provides a vehicle, which includes the glass antenna described in any one of the above-mentioned glass antenna embodiments.

[0118] Among them, the vehicle may include road vehicles, water vehicles, air vehicles, industrial equipment, agricultural equipment, or entertainment equipment, etc. For example, the vehicle may be a vehicle, which is a vehicle in a broad sense, and may be a vehicle (such as a commercial vehicle, a passenger car, a motorcycle, a flying car, a train, etc.), an industrial vehicle (such as a forklift, a trailer, a tractor, etc.), an engineering vehicle (such as an excavator, a bulldozer, a crane, etc.), agricultural equipment (such as a lawn mower, a harvester, etc.), amusement equipment, a toy vehicle, etc. The embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the type of vehicle. For another example, the vehicle may be a vehicle such as an airplane or a ship.

[0119] The technical features of the above embodiments may be combined arbitrarily. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this application.

[0120] The above-described embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present application, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be construed as limiting the scope of the present application. It should be noted that, for a person of ordinary skill in the art, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. A glass antenna, characterized in that: The glass antenna comprises: a glass piece, a first radiator, a metal frame, a reflector and a feeding structure; The first radiator is disposed inside the glass member, and a tuning gap is provided on the first radiator to extend a current path and adjust a resonant frequency of the first radiator; The metal frame and the reflective plate are arranged outside the glass member, and the glass member, the metal frame and the reflective plate form a reflective cavity. The feeding structure is arranged in the reflective cavity to couple and feed the first radiator.

2. The glass antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are multiple tuning slots, and the multiple tuning slots are distributed in a ring shape.

3. The glass antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The plurality of tuning slots are distributed in a circular array, and there is a gap between the orthographic projection of each tuning slot on the glass member and the orthographic projection of the feeding structure on the glass member.

4. The glass antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of anti-diameter plates are arranged on the outer wall of the metal frame, and the plurality of anti-diameter plates are symmetrically distributed relative to the center of the first radiator.

5. The glass antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that: The plurality of path suppression plates are provided with N pairs of choke walls, wherein the N pairs of choke walls are symmetrically distributed relative to the center of the first radiator, and N is a positive integer.

6. The glass antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that: A choke plate is arranged on the choke wall.

7. The glass antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that: The glass antenna further includes a second radiator, which surrounds the outer side of the first radiator; The operating frequency band of the second radiator is smaller than the operating frequency band of the first radiator.

8. The glass antenna according to claim 7, characterized in that: The distance between the anti-diaphragm plate and the plane where the first radiator is located is 0.01-0.025 first reference wavelengths, where the first reference wavelength is the working wavelength corresponding to the central working frequency of the first radiator; And / or, the distance between the anti-diameter plate and the reflector is 0.015-0.05 of the first reference wavelength; And / or, the width of the radial suppression plate is 0.0125-0.1 second reference wavelength, where the second reference wavelength is an operating wavelength corresponding to the central operating frequency of the second radiator; And / or, the thickness of the choke wall is 0.026-0.1 of the first reference wavelength.

9. The glass antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The metal frame includes a first frame and a second frame that are fixedly connected.

10. A vehicle, characterized in that: The vehicle comprises the glass antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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