Raking and mixing method for fully returning straws to field in protective farming

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of farmland cultivation, and particularly relates to a protective cultivation straw total returning raking and mixing method which comprises the steps that S1, deep scarification is conducted to break a plow pan; s2, the high-speed stubble cleaning harrow harrows the ground and mixes the ground with straw to S3, flat planting and sowing; s4, pressing after sowing. The method has the advantages that drought and waterlogging resistance is improved, soil fertility and grain productivity are improved due to full straw returning, damage to the soil structure is small, seeding quality is improved, and ridge bodies are tightened through pressing after seeding.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of farmland cultivation, in particular to a method for harrowing and mixing the entire amount of protective tillage straw back into the field. Background Art

[0002] The traditional farming mode is mainly: straw is removed from the field or burned - rotary tillage and ridge formation - sowing. The rotary depth is about 10-12 cm, the ridge height is about 15-20 cm, and the sowing is done with a finger-clip seeder, the sowing depth is 5-6 cm, and the sowing is directly pressed with the pressure wheel of the seeder, and no more pressing is done after sowing. This mode has certain advantages, mainly including: First, the supporting machinery is complete. Most agricultural machinery households and agricultural machinery professional cooperatives have purchased rotary tillers and seeders (finger-clip seeders). As long as they have these two types of equipment, they can sow normally, and the operation is convenient. Second, the operation is relatively convenient. After the straw is removed from the field or burned, there is no covering on the surface, and any type of seeder can complete the sowing. Third, the ground temperature rises quickly. Because there is no covering on the surface, the ground temperature rises rapidly in spring, which is conducive to early sowing and seedling growth.

[0003] However, in practice, farmers and agricultural technicians have gradually realized the shortcomings of this traditional farming model. First, straw burning or leaving the field, the lack of organic matter in the soil, leads to a continuous decline in soil fertility. Second, when the rotary tiller is working, the high-speed rotating blade repeatedly hits the soil at the bottom of the tillage layer, causing the plow bottom layer to be dense, the water penetration capacity to decrease, and at the same time affecting the root system to go down, insufficient drought resistance, and low lodging and waterlogging resistance. Third, the hole-missing rate of the clamp-type seeder is 1-2% in normal operation, affecting the yield by more than 2%. At the same time, the local sowing speed is about 10 kilometers per hour, and the bumps cause large errors in sowing depth and spacing. Fourth, if it is not suppressed after sowing, it is easy for the ridge to lose moisture. The local ridge cultivation is mainly to distinguish the boundaries between households, not because ridge cultivation can increase the ground temperature. If the ridge cultivation is not suppressed after sowing, it is easy for the ridge to lose moisture in windy weather, and the tufting in the seedling stage affects the growth process and yield.

[0004] The traditional farming method of removing straw from the field or burning straw and then tilling the land results in the ground being exposed and wind and rain erosion problems continue. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the problems raised in the above background technology, the present invention provides a method for harrowing and mixing the entire amount of conservation tillage straw back into the field.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for returning all the conservation tillage straw to the field by harrowing and mixing, the production method comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1. Deep tillage to break the bottom layer of the plow: When harvesting corn in autumn, the harvester is equipped with a spreader and a bottom knife. After the harvester harvests the corn, the bottom knife crushes the stalks, and the spreader spreads the stalks, evenly spreading the stalks on the ground. After the autumn harvest or in spring, deep tillage equipment is used to deep till the land to break the bottom layer of the plow;

[0008] S2. High-speed stubble harrowing and mixing straw to level the ground: High-speed stubble harrowing and mixing straw to level the ground and break up the soil, and about 70% of the straw is mixed into the soil, leaving about 30% on the surface for covering;

[0009] S3, flat sowing: use air suction precision seeder for sowing;

[0010] S4. Suppression after sowing: Use a roller to suppress after sowing.

[0011] Preferably, the harvesting machinery used in the S1 is: the harvesting machinery in the S1 is a Deere 4LZ-13 (S660) full-feed combine harvester, and the deep tillage equipment in the S1 is a Jilin Kangda 1SZL-240 partial-column deep tillage and land preparation combined operation machine.

[0012] Preferably, the length of the straw scattered after harvesting in S1 is 10 to 20 centimeters.

[0013] Preferably, the deep tillage depth in S1 reaches 25 to 35 cm.

[0014] Preferably, the high-speed stubble harrow used in S2 is a Leken stubble notched disc harrow (1BYQ-400), and the harrowing depth of the Leken stubble notched disc harrow (1BYQ-400) is 5 to 15 cm.

[0015] Preferably, the air-suction precision seeder used in S3 is a Maschio (2BQM-6) air-suction no-till seeder, the fertilization depth of the Maschio (2BQM-6) air-suction no-till seeder is 8 to 10 cm, the corrugated cutter depth is 5 cm, the sowing depth is 5 cm, the closed wheel suppression intensity is level 5, and the operating speed is 8 km / h.

[0016] Preferably, the roller used in S4 is a large V-shaped heavy-duty folding roller produced by Youyi Huigang Agricultural Machinery.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0018] 1) After deep tillage, the dense plow bottom layer is broken and the ability to resist drought and flood is improved.

[0019] 2) Returning all the straw to the fields improves soil fertility and food production capacity: 70% of the straw mixed into the soil can increase the content of soil organic matter and also loosen the soil. The 30% straw covering the surface can solve wind and rain erosion, reduce ineffective evaporation of rainwater, improve rainwater utilization and yield potential, and achieve sustainable agricultural development.

[0020] 3) Less destructive to soil structure: High-speed stubble harrowing and mixing of straw is different from rotary tillage, which has less impact on soil structure and will not form a dense plow bottom layer. The soil has high permeability, which is conducive to root extension and enhances drought and flood resistance.

[0021] 4) Improved sowing quality: The seeder is an air-suction precision seeder with a hole-missing rate of less than 1%. The operating speed is 8 km / h, which reduces bumps, and the plant spacing and sowing depth control (machine) are accurate, and the seedlings emerge uniformly. The seedlings emerge uniformly throughout the field to avoid large seedlings bullying small seedlings and early seedlings bullying late seedlings.

[0022] 5) Suppress and tighten the ridges after sowing: Only by tightening the ridges and maintaining the bottom moisture can the moisture content of the entire field be uniform and consistent, and when encountering severe drought, the stress on crop growth can be reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 The plots with full return to the field are shown.

[0024] Figure 2 Farmer plots are shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are only used to explain the technical principles of the present invention and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention.

[0026] Embodiment 1:

[0027] During the autumn harvest of corn, a Deere 4LZ-13 (S660) full-feed combine harvester with a spreader and a bottom knife is used. After the harvester harvests the corn, the bottom knife crushes the straw, and the spreader spreads the straw at the same time, evenly spreading the straw on the ground. The length of the straw spread after harvesting is 15 cm. After the autumn harvest, a Jilin Kangda 1SZL-240 partial-column deep tillage combined operation machine is used for deep tillage, with a deep tillage depth of 30 cm to break the plow bottom layer; a Leken stubble-killing notched disc harrow (1BYQ-400) is used to harrow the straw, which plays a role in leveling the ground and crushing the soil, and about 70% of the straw is mixed into the soil, leaving about 30% on the surface for coverage; an air-suction precision seeder is used to sow the Maschio (2BQM-6) air-suction no-till seeder; after leveling, a large V-shaped heavy-duty folding roller produced by Friendship Huigang Agricultural Machinery is used to suppress the sowing.

[0028] Comparative Example 1: Traditional Farming Model

[0029] After the autumn harvest, straw balers are used to pack the straw away from the field, leaving the ground free of cover, making it easier for rotary tillers to operate.

[0030] Use a rotary tiller to till the soil and create ridges, with a depth of 10-12 cm and a height of 15-20 cm;

[0031] Sowing: Use a traditional finger-clip seeder, sow at a depth of 5-6 cm, and use the seeder's built-in pressing wheel to directly press the seeds. No more pressing is done after sowing.

[0032] Drought and flood comparison:

[0033] When the drought lasted for two weeks, Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were compared:

[0034] 1) Example 1: At noon, the leaves of corn in the test field were not tangled, the soil moisture was good, the root system could absorb enough water and nutrients, the corn grew robustly, the leaves were wide and dark, oily and shiny, and the corn grew vigorously. Figure 1 ,Soil moisture was measured at 5 points in the plot of Example 1, and the values ​​were 11.9%, 0.4%, 14.8%, 11.5%, and 12.4% respectively;

[0035] 2) Comparative Example 1: The leaves were tangled at noon. Figure 2 ,Soil moisture was measured at 5 points in the plot of comparative example 1, and the values ​​were 13.5%, 18.4%, 27%, 15.2% and 18.5% respectively.

[0036] It can be seen that the corn plant height of Example 1 at the same sowing period is 3-4 cm higher than that of Comparative Example 1, and the average moisture content of the present invention is more than 6% higher than that of farmers' traditional rotary tillage and ridge-forming plots, which shows that Example 1 has a significant drought resistance effect.

[0037] Differences in soil structure:

[0038] The plots where the harrowed straw was fully returned to the field and deep loosened by rotary tillage and not deep loosened were selected for testing. At the depth of 0-7.5cm, the soil compaction of the two plots was below 1000KPa; the compaction of the plot where the farmer's rotary tillage was not deep loosened at a depth of more than 7.5cm was as high as 2000KPa, and at a depth of 15cm, it reached more than 2500KPa, while the soil compaction of the plot where the harrowed straw was fully returned to the field and deep loosened was still below 1000KPa. It can be clearly seen that after many years of rotary tillage, the soil of the plot where the harrowed straw was fully returned to the field and deep loosened was very loose, as shown in Table 1.

[0039] Table 1 Soil compaction

[0040]

[0041]

[0042] Seedling rate:

[0043] The plots where the harrowed and mixed straw was fully returned to the field and the plots where the tillage was not deep loosened were selected for testing. 20 points were selected to measure the plant height, main stem diameter, leaf(s) complete leaf, leaf(s) visible leaf, and leaf width (cm) to calculate the seedling emergence rate, as shown in Table 2.

[0044] Table 2 Seedling rate

[0045]

[0046] The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present invention, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the patent of the present invention. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this field, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present invention shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. A method for returning all the conservation tillage straw to the field by harrowing and mixing, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Deep tillage to break the bottom layer of the plow: When harvesting corn in autumn, the harvester is equipped with a spreader and a bottom knife. After the harvester harvests the corn, the bottom knife crushes the stalks, and the spreader spreads the stalks, evenly spreading the stalks on the ground. After the autumn harvest or in spring, deep tillage equipment is used to deep till the land to break the bottom layer of the plow; S2. High-speed stubble harrowing and mixing straw to level the ground: High-speed stubble harrowing and mixing straw to level the ground and break up the soil, and about 70% of the straw is mixed into the soil, leaving about 30% on the surface for covering; S3, flat sowing: use air suction precision seeder for sowing; S4. Suppression after sowing: Use a roller to suppress after sowing.

2. The method for returning all the conservation tillage straw to the field by harrowing and mixing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The harvesting machinery used in the S1 is: the harvesting machinery in the S1 is a Deere 4LZ-13 (S660) full-feed combine harvester, and the deep tillage equipment in the S1 is a Jilin Kangda 1SZL-240 partial-column deep tillage and land preparation combined operation machine.

3. The method for returning all the conservation tillage straw to the field by harrowing and mixing according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the S1, the length of the straw scattered after harvesting is 10 to 20 cm.

4. The method for returning all the conservation tillage straw to the field by harrowing and mixing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The deep plowing depth in S1 reaches 25 to 35 cm.

5. The method for returning all the conservation tillage straw to the field by harrowing and mixing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-speed stubble harrow used in S2 is a Leiken stubble notched disc harrow (1BYQ-400), and the harrowing depth of the Leiken stubble notched disc harrow (1BYQ-400) is 5 to 15 cm.

6. The method for returning all the conservation tillage straw to the field by harrowing and mixing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air-suction precision seeder used in S3 is a Maschio (2BQM-6) air-suction no-till seeder, the fertilization depth of the Maschio (2BQM-6) air-suction no-till seeder is 8 to 10 cm, the corrugated cutter depth is 5 cm, the sowing depth is 5 cm, the closed wheel suppression intensity is level 5, and the operating speed is 8 km / h.

7. The method for returning all the conservation tillage straw to the field by harrowing and mixing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The roller used in S4 is a large V-shaped heavy-duty folding roller produced by Youyi Huigang Agricultural Machinery.

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