South Hunan oyster mushroom planting method capable of preventing mushroom mosquito damage

Abstract

The invention discloses a southern Hunan oyster mushroom planting method capable of preventing and controlling mosquito damage to mushrooms, which comprises the following steps: manufacturing fungus bags, filling 1.5 kg of culture medium into each fungus bag, sterilizing and cooling at the high temperature of 121 DEG C and the pressure of 0.1 Mpa, and inoculating; the inoculated fungus bags are put into a dark culture room for mycelial growth, and the fungus bags are moved into a fruiting room after the fungus bags are full of mycelia; the culture medium is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of cottonseed hulls, 45-50 parts of corncobs, 6 parts of corn flour, 7 parts of wheat bran, 10 parts of sawdust, 1 part of lime, 1 part of gypsum and 1-3 parts of macleaya cordata, wherein the wheat bran, the lime and the gypsum are powdery. The method provided by the invention can safely and efficiently prevent and control the oyster mushrooms from being damaged by mosquitoes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a method for growing oyster mushrooms, in particular to a method for growing oyster mushrooms in southern Hunan which can prevent and control mushroom mosquitoes and insect pests. Background Art

[0002] Oyster mushroom is a common gray edible mushroom in the family Pleurotus ostreatus of the order Agaricales of the phylum Basidiomycetes. It is rich in nutrients and is favored by consumers. It is the most produced mushroom in southern Hunan. Like other edible mushrooms, oyster mushrooms are often damaged by mushroom mosquitoes during cultivation.

[0003] The climate in southern Hunan has four distinct seasons and a long hot season. Mycelium cannot grow normally, the incidence of mushroom mosquitoes is particularly high, and the yield and quality plummet, or even total crop failure. Especially after the beginning of spring, the temperature rises, the insect population density increases, and the spread is rapid. The mushroom mosquito larvae feed on the mycelium or fruiting body, which can easily cause the fungus to retreat, the primordium disappears, the mushroom buds shrink and die, and the damaged fruiting bodies turn yellow, wither, and even rot, which then induces various molds, resulting in a reduction in the yield or quality of the oyster mushroom, and the mushroom bags are completely contaminated and scrapped. Mushroom mosquito pests are the main factors affecting the yield and quality of oyster mushroom cultivation in southern Hunan.

[0004] At present, the main means of preventing and controlling mushroom mosquitoes of Oyster mushrooms include fumigation in mushroom sheds, light trapping, yellow board trapping, sweet and sour liquid trapping, and pesticide trapping. However, physical trapping methods such as light trapping and yellow board trapping cannot kill mushroom mosquitoes at the source, and need to be replaced frequently, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Moreover, they can only kill flying adults, but have no control effect on larvae in mushroom bags. Larvae eat mycelium and culture medium, and eat mycelium attached to the base of the mushroom stalk, cutting off the nutritional source of the fruiting body, which can easily cause the death of young mushrooms in batches. And the methods of sweet and sour liquid trapping and pesticide trapping, spraying drugs in the presence of fruiting bodies, can cause deformities of mushroom bodies. At the same time, due to the short growth cycle of Oyster mushrooms, it usually takes only 2-3 days from the growth of the primordium to the picking period, and spraying pesticides is prone to pesticide residues, which poses food safety problems.

[0005] Due to the short growth cycle of Oyster mushrooms, existing mushroom mosquito control methods are not effective and cannot solve the problem safely and efficiently.

[0006] Therefore, finding a new method of growing oyster mushrooms in southern Hunan, moving the prevention and control measures forward, and taking feasible preventive measures at the beginning of planting are the fundamental ways to safely and efficiently prevent and control mosquito and insect pests of oyster mushrooms. Summary of the invention

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for growing oyster mushrooms in southern Hunan Province which can safely and efficiently prevent and control mushroom mosquitoes and insect pests.

[0008] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention discloses a method for cultivating oyster mushrooms in southern Hunan Province which can prevent and control mushroom mosquitoes and insect pests. The method comprises the following steps: making mushroom bags, putting cultivation substrates into the mushroom bags, with 1.5 kg of cultivation substrates per package, sterilizing the bags at 121°C and 0.1 MPa, and inoculating mycelium in a sterile room after cooling; placing the inoculated mushroom bags in a dark culture room for mycelium growth, and moving the inoculated mycelium into a fruiting room after the mycelium is fully grown; and mixing the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of cottonseed hulls, 45-50 parts of corn cobs, 6 parts of corn flour, 7 parts of wheat bran, 10 parts of sawdust, 1 part of lime, 1 part of gypsum, and 1-3 parts of Macleaya cordata, wherein the wheat bran, lime, and gypsum are all in powder form.

[0009] Preferably, the cultivation matrix is ​​mixed with the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of cottonseed hulls, 47 parts of corn cobs, 6 parts of corn flour, 7 parts of wheat bran, 10 parts of sawdust, 1 part of lime, 1 part of gypsum, and 3 parts of Macleaya cordata.

[0010] After the cultivation medium is mixed, the moisture content is 65% and the pH is 7-8.

[0011] For the processing of Macleaya gordonii, fresh Macleaya gordonii stems are taken, dried and then ground into powder, which is then directly used after being sieved through a 40-mesh sieve.

[0012] The cottonseed hulls are soaked and fermented, and an appropriate amount of cottonseed hulls are piled together, holes are punched in the pile and the sides for ventilation with a wooden stick with a diameter of 5 cm, and the pile is covered with a plastic film. When the temperature in the deep part of the pile exceeds 50° C., the pile is turned for the first time to exchange the culture materials in the upper, middle, lower, inner and outer layers and mix them evenly. The fermentation time is 7-8 days, and the pile is turned 3-4 times. After the fermentation is completed, the pile is dispersed and cooled down for direct use.

[0013] The corn cobs are soaked and fermented, and an appropriate amount of corn cobs are piled together. Holes are punched in the pile and the sides for ventilation with a wooden stick with a diameter of 5 cm, and the pile is covered with plastic film. When the temperature at the deep end of the pile exceeds 50° C., the pile is turned for the first time to exchange the culture materials in the upper, middle, lower, inner and outer layers and mix them evenly. The fermentation time is 7-8 days, and the pile is turned 3-4 times. After the fermentation is completed, the pile is dispersed and cooled down for direct use.

[0014] The sawdust is treated by soaking and fermentation, and an appropriate amount of sawdust is piled together. Holes are punched in the pile and the sides for ventilation with a wooden stick with a diameter of 5 cm, and the pile is covered with plastic film. When the temperature at the deep end of the pile exceeds 50° C., the pile is turned for the first time to exchange the culture materials in the upper, middle, lower, inner and outer layers and mix them evenly. The fermentation time is 7-8 days, and the pile is turned 3-4 times. After the fermentation is completed, the pile is dispersed and cooled down for direct use.

[0015] By adopting the method of the present invention, preventive measures are taken during the preparation of mushroom bags to prevent and control mosquitoes and insect pests of oyster mushrooms, thereby overcoming the defects of the prior art, safely and efficiently preventing and controlling mosquitoes and insect pests of oyster mushrooms, and improving the yield and quality of oyster mushrooms.

[0016] The main measures of the present invention are: moving the prevention and control measures forward, adding Macleaya cordata to the cultivation substrate of the mushroom bag to inhibit the damage of mushroom mosquitoes, thereby overcoming the defects of the prior art. Through experiments, it was found that adding Macleaya cordata to the cultivation substrate can greatly reduce the feeding of mushroom mosquitoes on the mushroom material during the mushroom production stage, and keep away from the mushroom bag, which can greatly reduce the damage of mushroom mosquitoes and is beneficial to improving the yield and quality of oyster mushrooms.

[0017] In addition, part of the substrate is fermented and softened during the production of mushroom bags, so that the substrate can be softened and loosened, making it easier to be absorbed and utilized by the edible mushroom mycelium, which is beneficial to improving the yield and quality of Oyster mushrooms.

[0018] The method of the invention is safe and controllable, simple to operate and easy to promote.

[0019] Test conditions: By adding Macleaya to the cultivation medium, the insecticidal and fungicidal effects of the alkaloids in Macleaya can be used to inhibit the invasion of mushroom mosquitoes. In the experiment, the control group was set up without Macleaya, and three gradients were set up according to the weight of added Macleaya, with three repetitions in each gradient, to verify the effect of adding different amounts of Macleaya on the repelling effect of mushroom mosquitoes and the effect of increasing yield.

[0020] The culture medium and other ingredients that have been fermented in advance are mixed in proportion and put into mushroom bags, 1.5 kg per bag. They are sterilized by high temperature and high pressure. After cooling, they are inoculated with mycelium in a sterile room. The inoculated mushroom bags are placed in a dark culture room for mycelium growth. After the mycelium is fully grown, they are moved into the fruiting room. Gaps are left between the plots to facilitate ventilation. The plots are arranged in random blocks and managed according to conventional methods.

[0021] The mycelium growth rate was calculated by randomly selecting 6 uncontaminated bags for each treatment. Marking was done when the mycelium grew 1-2 cm beyond the shoulder of the bag. The mycelium growth distance was then measured every 5 days to calculate the average daily growth rate.

[0022] The mushroom bags were harvested in time after fruiting, and covered with a 60-mesh insect-proof net on the 5th day after the first harvest to prevent the infected pests in the mushroom bags from flying away after they emerged. The insect-proof effect of this example was evaluated, and the avoidance rate was calculated.

[0023] The specific formula of the test matrix is ​​shown in Table 1.

[0024]

[0025] Test results: 1. During the mycelium growth stage, the mycelium growth potential and mycelium growth rate of different treatments were recorded and observed. It can be seen that the addition of Macleaya cordata will slightly delay the budding time. Among them, test group 2 is the longest, requiring 40 days, and has a slight effect on the thickness of mycelium. Among them, the mycelium of test group 3 is denser, and has no effect on the daily growth rate and color of the mycelium. See Table 2 for details.

[0026]

[0027] 2. About 11 days after the first wave of Pleurotus ostreatus was harvested, a yellow sticky insect board was hung in the net cage of each plot. After 8 days, the yellow board was taken out, the number of insects on the yellow board was counted, and variance analysis and avoidance rate calculation were performed. As shown in Table 3, the addition of Macleaya cordata significantly affected the number of insects (F=8.437, P<0.05). As shown in Table 4, the addition of 3% Macleaya cordata (Example 3) had the least amount of insects, the highest avoidance rate of insects, which was 39.56%, and the best avoidance effect on Pleurotus ostreatus mosquitoes. The addition of Macleaya cordata to the substrate can reduce the contamination rate of the bacterial bag.

[0028]

[0029] 3. Twelve bags of mushroom bags were selected from each treatment (4 bags per replicate), and the fruiting body yield was recorded and compared. Adding Macleaya cordata to the mushroom bags can improve the biological conversion rate of Pleurotus ostreatus, among which the conversion rate of experimental group 1 (Macleaya cordata 1%) was the highest, which was 79.34%, an increase of 23.7% over the control group. Adding Macleaya cordata to the mushroom bags can improve the quality of Pleurotus ostreatus, among which the high-quality mushroom rate of experimental group 3 (adding Macleaya cordata 3%) was the highest, which was 91%. Comprehensive consideration, experimental group 3 was selected as the preferred technical solution.

[0030] The results are shown in Table 5.

[0031] DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The method of the present invention is described in detail below.

[0033] The invention discloses a method for growing oyster mushrooms in southern Hunan, which can prevent and control mushroom mosquitoes and insect pests, and comprises the production of mushroom bags.

[0034] The culture medium that has been fermented in advance and other ingredients are mixed in proportion to form a cultivation matrix, which is then put into mushroom bags, each bag weighing 1.5 kg, and sterilized at 121°C and 0.1Mpa. After cooling, the mycelium is inoculated in a sterile room. The inoculated mushroom bags are placed in a dark culture room for mycelium growth, and after the mycelium is fully grown, they are moved into the fruiting room and managed according to conventional methods. The conventional fruiting management method is to move the mushroom bags into the fruiting room after the mycelium is fully grown. Generally, the temperature of the fruiting room of Oyster mushroom is maintained at 15-25°C. The fruiting room will be equipped with a humidifier or spraying facility, and the humidity is maintained at 75-85%. When it is lower or higher than the humidity, it is adjusted.

[0035] The cultivation medium is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of cottonseed hulls, 47 parts of corn cobs, 6 parts of corn flour, 7 parts of wheat bran, 10 parts of sawdust, 1 part of lime, 1 part of gypsum and 3 parts of Macleaya cordata.

[0036] After the cultivation medium is mixed, the moisture content is 65% and the pH is 7-8.

[0037] For processing of Macleaya hui, take fresh Macleaya hui stems, dry them and grind them into powder, then pass them through a 40-mesh sieve and use them directly.

[0038] After the cottonseed hulls are soaked and fermented, an appropriate amount of cottonseed hulls are piled together, and holes are punched in the pile and the sides for ventilation with a wooden stick with a diameter of 5 cm. The pile is covered with plastic film. When the temperature in the deep part of the pile exceeds 50°C, the first pile turning is carried out to exchange the culture materials in the upper, middle, lower, inner and outer layers and mix them evenly. The fermentation time is 7-8 days, and the pile is turned 3-4 times. After the fermentation is completed, the pile is dispersed and cooled down for direct use.

[0039] After the corn cobs are soaked and fermented, take an appropriate amount of corn cobs and pile them together. Use a 5cm diameter wooden stick to punch holes in the pile and the sides for ventilation. Cover it with plastic film. When the temperature in the deep part of the pile exceeds 50℃, turn the pile for the first time to exchange the culture materials in the upper, middle, lower, inner and outer layers and mix them evenly. The fermentation time is 7-8d, and the pile is turned 3-4 times. After the fermentation is completed, the pile can be cooled down and used directly.

[0040] After the sawdust is soaked and fermented, take an appropriate amount of sawdust and pile them together. Use a 5cm diameter wooden stick to punch holes in the pile and the sides for ventilation. Cover it with plastic film. When the temperature in the deep part of the pile exceeds 50℃, turn the pile for the first time to exchange the culture materials in the upper, middle, lower, inner and outer layers and mix them evenly. The fermentation time is 7-8d, and the pile is turned 3-4 times. After the fermentation is completed, the pile can be cooled down and used directly.

Claims

1. A method for growing oyster mushrooms in southern Hunan that can prevent and control mushroom mosquitoes and insect pests, including making mushroom bags, characterized in that: The cultivation substrate is loaded into a mushroom bag, with each package containing 1.5 kg of the cultivation substrate, and then sterilized at 121° C. and 0.1 MPa, and inoculated with mycelium in a sterile room after cooling; the inoculated mushroom bag is placed in a dark culture room for mycelium growth, and is moved into a fruiting room after the mycelium is fully grown; the cultivation substrate is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of cottonseed hulls, 45-50 parts of corn cobs, 6 parts of corn flour, 7 parts of wheat bran, 10 parts of sawdust, 1 part of lime, 1 part of gypsum, and 1-3 parts of Macleaya cordata, wherein the wheat bran, lime, and gypsum are all in powder form.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cultivation matrix is ​​prepared by mixing the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of cottonseed hulls, 47 parts of corn cobs, 6 parts of corn flour, 7 parts of wheat bran, 10 parts of sawdust, 1 part of lime, 1 part of gypsum, and 3 parts of Macleaya cordata.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: After the cultivation medium is mixed, the moisture content is 65% and the pH is 7-8.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: For the processing of Macleaya gordonii, fresh Macleaya gordonii stems are taken, dried and then ground into powder, which is then directly used after being sieved through a 40-mesh sieve.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cottonseed hulls are soaked and fermented, and an appropriate amount of cottonseed hulls are piled together, holes are punched in the pile and the sides for ventilation with a wooden stick with a diameter of 5 cm, and the pile is covered with a plastic film. When the temperature in the deep part of the pile exceeds 50° C., the pile is turned for the first time to exchange the culture materials in the upper, middle, lower, inner and outer layers and mix them evenly. The fermentation time is 7-8 days, and the pile is turned 3-4 times. After the fermentation is completed, the pile is dispersed and cooled down for direct use.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The corn cobs are soaked and fermented, and a proper amount of corn cobs are piled together. Holes are punched in the pile and sides for ventilation with a wooden stick with a diameter of about 5 cm, and the pile is covered with plastic film. When the temperature at the deep end of the pile exceeds 50° C., the pile is turned for the first time to exchange the culture materials in the upper, middle, lower, inner and outer layers and mix them evenly. The fermentation time is 7-8 days, and the pile is turned 3-4 times. After the fermentation is completed, the pile is dispersed and cooled down for direct use.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sawdust is treated by soaking and fermentation, and a proper amount of sawdust is piled together, and holes are punched in the pile and the sides for ventilation with a wooden stick with a diameter of about 5 cm, and the pile is covered with plastic film. When the temperature in the deep part of the pile exceeds 50°C, the first pile turning is carried out to exchange the culture materials in the upper, middle, lower, inner and outer layers and mix them evenly. The fermentation time is 7-8 days, and the pile is turned 3-4 times. After the fermentation is completed, the pile is dispersed and cooled down for direct use.

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