Method for increasing effective components of raspberries

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for increasing effective components of raspberries, which comprises the following steps: 1) selecting a planting environment at the altitude of 1000-1200 m; the annual average temperature ranges from 14.0 DEG C to 16.0 DEG C, the annual average precipitation ranges from 1500 mm to 2000 mm, and the annual illumination hours are 1850 hours; 2) optimizing the steps of harvesting, drying and processing aiming at the main accumulation part of ellagic acid in raspberry and the main accumulation part of kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, namely the epidermis, villus and the periphery of the fruit support, of polymerized fruit; comprising the following steps: 2.1) harvesting: picking raspberry fruits in sunny days when the raspberry fruits are polymerized and expand; after picking, stem and leaf impurities are removed, and rotten fruits are removed; severe friction is avoided; according to the method, on one hand, the content of index components is effectively increased, the high content can be maintained for a long time, on the other hand, the good condition is maintained, and potential health and safety hazards are avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a method for increasing effective components of raspberries. Background Art

[0002] Raspberry is a common fruit-based Chinese medicinal material. Raspberry has the effects of nourishing the kidney, consolidating essence, reducing urine, nourishing the liver and improving eyesight. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that raspberry has significant pharmacological effects such as anti-tumor, anti-oxidation, lowering blood sugar and blood lipids, anti-aging and anti-inflammatory. At present, the "Chinese Pharmacopoeia" stipulates that ellagic acid and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside are the quality indicator components of raspberry. The contents of ellagic acid and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside are above 0.2% and 0.03% respectively. Whether their contents can meet the standards of the pharmacopoeia determines the quality of raspberry medicinal materials. The traditional primary processing methods are mainly withering and drying, but the processed products rarely meet the index requirements of the pharmacopoeia. There are literature reports that the content of ellagic acid can be increased by steam rehydration and fermentation, but the medicinal materials processed by this method appear black, the appearance is often poor, the high content of the indicator components is maintained for a short time, and the fermentation process may produce some harmful microorganisms, causing health risks. Therefore, farmers are in urgent need of a technology that can, on the one hand, increase the content of target ingredients and maintain high content for a longer period of time, and on the other hand, maintain its good appearance and avoid health and safety hazards. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for increasing the effective ingredients of raspberries, while obtaining high contents of both ellagic acid and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside.

[0004] The technical solution for achieving the purpose of the present invention is as follows: A method for increasing the effective components of raspberries, 1) The planting environment should be 1000-1200m above sea level; the annual average temperature should be 14.0-16.0℃, the annual average precipitation should be 1500-2000mm, and the annual sunshine hours should be 1850 hours; 2) Optimize the harvesting, drying and processing steps for the main accumulation sites of ellagic acid in raspberries, namely the fruit receptacle, and the main accumulation sites of kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, namely the epidermis, hairs and periphery of the fruit receptacle of the aggregated fruit; including: 2.1) Harvesting: When the raspberry fruits are swollen, choose a sunny day to pick them. After picking, remove the stems and leaves, remove the rotten fruits, and avoid violent friction. 2.2) Sun-dried fermentation: Dry in the sun at the beginning of the day, pile and dry in the shade at night, repeat the process until the moisture content is less than 12%; 2.3) Rapid rehydration: Place the dried raspberries in a sealed container and use water vapor at a pressure of 50-60 kPa for 30 minutes to make the raspberries absorb water and become moist; 2.4) Secondary drying: Place the raspberries in a drying device and dry them at a drying temperature of 60°C to obtain processed raspberry medicinal materials until the moisture content is <12%.

[0005] The method for increasing the effective components of raspberries, Refrigeration: Seal the quickly moistened and dried raspberries in sealed plastic bags and store them in a cold storage.

[0006] Beneficial effects of the present invention: The present invention relates to a comprehensive method for improving the quality of raspberries, which is formulated by studying the influencing factors of medicinal active ingredients, the distribution in different tissues of the fruit, and the characteristics of the medicinal ingredients of the material. The method changes the previous situation that the surface of the medicinal material turns black after steam processing, the high content of the index component is maintained for a short time, and harmful microorganisms are produced by fermentation. On the one hand, the method effectively increases the content of the index component and can maintain the high content for a long time, and on the other hand, it maintains its good appearance and avoids health and safety hazards. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0007] Figure 1 It is the location of ellagic acid and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside in the aggregate fruit and the fruit holder. (From blue to yellow, the content is from low to high).

[0008] Figure 2 This is the location of kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside in the epidermis and epidermal hairs of the aggregate fruit. (From blue to yellow, the content is from low to high).

[0009] Figure 3 This is a treatment comparison chart. (The left part is the self-sealing bag treatment after steam rehydration, and the right part is direct drying after steam rehydration). DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0010] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0011] A comprehensive method for improving the quality of raspberries. 1. Choice of planting environment: The ellagic acid content of raspberries grown in high mountain environments (1000-1200m above sea level, annual average temperature of 14.0-16.0℃, annual average precipitation of 1500-2000mm, annual sunshine hours of 1850 hours) is significantly higher than that grown on flat land.

[0012] 2. Through in situ material analysis, it was found that ellagic acid in raspberries mainly accumulated in the fruit receptacle, and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside mainly accumulated in the epidermis and villi of the aggregate fruit and the periphery of the fruit receptacle. Therefore, the plan of post-harvesting, drying and post-processing was determined.

[0013] 3. Harvesting: When the aggregate fruits of Rubus palmatus are swollen, choose a sunny day to pick them. After picking, remove impurities such as stems and leaves, and discard rotten fruits. Do not rub them violently, such as repeatedly rubbing to remove the epidermal hairs.

[0014] 4. Sun-dried fermentation: Dry in the sun at the beginning of the day, and pile up to dry in the shade at night. Repeat this process for about 3 days until the moisture content is <12%.

[0015] 5. Rapid rehydration: Place the dried raspberries in a sealed container and use water vapor to quickly rehydrate them at a pressure of 50-60 kPa for 30 minutes to allow the herbs to absorb water and become moist; 6. Secondary drying: Place the raspberries in a drying device for secondary drying at a drying temperature of 60°C to obtain processed raspberry medicinal materials until the moisture content is <12%.

[0016] 7. Seal the quickly moistened and dried raspberries in a sealed plastic bag and store them in a cold storage at about 5°C Implementation method: 1. Choice of planting environment Planting on flat land (100-200m above sea level), planting on high mountains (1000m above sea level). The results show that the same processing method is used for raspberries grown at high altitudes, and the content of ellagic acid is 22.50% higher than that of raspberries grown on flat land, and the content of kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside is 66.49% higher. This indicates that raspberries grown on high mountains have higher contents of ellagic acid and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, so raspberries grown at high altitudes have better quality, see Table 1.

[0017]

[0018] 2. In situ analysis of ellagic acid and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside and determination of quality improvement plan Tissues were cut into 30 μm thick sections at −20°C. Afterwards, tissue sections were grouped and mounted on indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated conductive glass slides. Tissue sections mounted on ITO glass slides after drying were sprayed with a matrix sprayer containing 15 mg / mL DHB (2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid) dissolved in a 90%:10% acetonitrile:water mixture. MALDI timsTOF MSI experiments were performed on a Bruker timsTOF flex MS system prototype (Bruker Daltonics, Bremen, Germany) equipped with a 10 kHz smartbeam 3D laser. The laser power was set to 85% and kept constant throughout the experiment. Mass spectra were acquired in positive ion mode. Mass spectral data were acquired in the mass-to-charge ratio (m / z) range of 50–1300 Daltons. The spatial resolution of tissue imaging was set to 50 μm, and each spectrum consisted of 400 laser shots. In the mass spectrum peak, the target peak with higher intensity (MS primary spectrum) is fragmented for the second time to obtain the secondary spectrum (MS / MS secondary fragment spectrum). The secondary spectrum collected on the tissue is used for substance identification through the self-built database and public library.

[0019] The results showed that most of the ellagic acid in raspberries was accumulated in the raspberry fruit pedicle. Figure 1 , the fruit tray also contains ellagitannins such as casuarina tannin. These ellagitannins are easily hydrolyzed into ellagic acid under high temperature and water conditions; and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside is mainly located in the epidermis of the aggregate fruit and the periphery of the fruit tray. Under high temperature and high humidity conditions, ellagitannins are hydrolyzed into ellagic acid, while kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside cannot be converted by other substances, and high temperature and high humidity cannot increase its content. Therefore, long-term and drastic treatment methods should be avoided as much as possible. Short-term high temperature and high humidity can be adopted to promote the conversion of ellagitannins into ellagic acid, while avoiding the large loss of kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside.

[0020] 3. Harvest When the palm-leaved raspberry fruit is swollen, choose a sunny day to pick it; after picking, remove the stems, leaves and other impurities, and remove the rotten fruits; do not rub it violently, such as repeatedly rubbing to remove the epidermal hairs. According to step 2, we determined that the epidermis and epidermal hairs of raspberries are rich in kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, and its content is significantly higher than that in the interior of the aggregate fruit ( Figure 2 ). Therefore, when the impurities are not handled during harvesting, the damage to the epidermis and epidermal hairs should be minimized.

[0021] 4. Drying method Comparison between sun drying + fermentation and conventional fixing + drying Sun-dried fermentation: Dry in the sun at the beginning of the day, and pile up to dry in the shade at night (equivalent to fermentation), repeat for about 3 days until the moisture content is <12%. Drying method: initial drying at 65 degrees for 2 hours; 50 degrees for 3 hours; 40 degrees for 5 hours; 35 degrees for 5 hours; 60 degrees for 2 hours.

[0022] The results showed that the ellagic acid in sun-dried raspberries increased by 40.81% compared with that in oven-dried raspberries, while the kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside decreased by 82.86%, but its content was still higher than the detection limit specified in the pharmacopoeia. Therefore, the sun-drying method has better quality, as shown in Table 2.

[0023] Table 2 Comparison of different drying methods

[0024] 5. Rapid rehydration and drying The dried raspberries were placed in a sealed container and quickly moistened with water vapor at a pressure of 50-60 kPa for 10-30 minutes to make the medicinal materials absorb water and moisten. Then the raspberries were placed in a drying device for secondary drying at a drying temperature of 60°C until the moisture content was <12%, and the processed raspberry medicinal materials were obtained. Among them, the experimental group steamed for 30 minutes adopted sealed storage and then dried. The results showed that the scheme of steaming for 30 minutes and then drying was the most optimized post-processing method. After steaming for 30 minutes, the content of ellagic acid basically did not increase, while the content of kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside did not change much. Therefore, as we imagined in the early stage, steam rehydration can only promote the hydrolysis of ellagic tannins and increase ellagic acid, but cannot increase the content of kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, see Table 3.

[0025] After 12 hours in the ziplock bag at 50℃, although the contents of ellagic acid and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside increased, the surface of the raspberry fruit turned black and the appearance was seriously affected ( Figure 3 Therefore, this solution is not recommended here.

[0026] Therefore, we use short-term high-temperature and high-pressure treatment and rapid drying. We do not perform closed fermentation to avoid the deterioration of the raspberry fruit.

[0027] Table 3 Comparison of different rehydration methods

[0028] 6. Refrigeration The raspberries that were quickly moistened and dried were sealed in a sealed plastic bag and stored in a cold storage at about 5°C. Sample 4 (steamed for 30 minutes) in step 5 was sealed in a sealed plastic bag for refrigeration and room temperature storage tests. The study showed (Table 4) that the content of ellagic acid and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside decreased rapidly during room temperature storage. At 2 months, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside dropped below the qualified line, while at 4 months, the content of ellagic acid dropped to unqualified. On the contrary, refrigeration maintained the content of both. At 4 months, the content of both was qualified, significantly higher than the room temperature control.

[0029] Table 4 Comparison of different storage methods

[0030] The embodiments described above can be further combined or replaced, and the embodiments are only descriptions of preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the concept and scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design concept of the present invention, various changes and improvements made by ordinary technicians in this field to the technical solution of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention is given by the attached claims and any equivalent technical solutions thereof.

Claims

1. A method for increasing the effective ingredients of raspberries, characterized in that: 1) The planting environment should be 1000-1200m above sea level; the annual average temperature should be 14.0-16.0℃, the annual average precipitation should be 1500-2000mm, and the annual sunshine hours should be 1850 hours; 2) Optimize the harvesting, drying and processing steps for the main accumulation sites of ellagic acid in raspberries, namely the fruit receptacle, and the main accumulation sites of kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, namely the epidermis, hairs and periphery of the fruit receptacle of the aggregated fruit; including: 2.1) Harvesting: When the raspberry fruits are swollen, choose a sunny day to pick them. After picking, remove the stems and leaves, remove the rotten fruits, and avoid violent friction. 2.2) Sun-dried fermentation: Dry in the sun at the beginning of the day, pile and dry in the shade at night, repeat the process until the moisture content is less than 12%; 2.3) Rapid rehydration: Place the dried raspberries in a sealed container and use water vapor at a pressure of 50-60 kPa for 30 minutes to make the raspberries absorb water and become moist; 2.4) Secondary drying: Place the raspberries in a drying device and dry them at a drying temperature of 60°C to obtain processed raspberry medicinal materials until the moisture content is <12%.

2. A method for increasing the effective components of raspberries according to claim 1, characterized in that: Refrigeration: Seal the quickly moistened and dried raspberries in sealed plastic bags and store them in a cold storage.

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