Sodium ion battery module grading early warning and automatic fire extinguishing system

Abstract

The invention discloses a sodium ion battery module grading early warning and automatic fire extinguishing system which comprises a sodium ion battery module box, an ultrasonic monitoring module, a temperature sensing self-starting aerosol and a multi-parameter coupling measurement optical fiber, and the wall of the sodium ion battery module box is provided with a one-way opening safety valve and a fire extinguishing pipeline channel. The ultrasonic monitoring module can realize early warning of abnormal data in the sodium ion battery, the temperature-sensing self-starting aerosol can realize self-starting at different temperatures, and the multi-parameter coupling measurement optical fiber can realize simultaneous measurement at multiple points. Through the design of the one-way safety valve, oxygen can be prevented from entering the sodium ion battery module box, and the probability of fire in the sodium ion battery module box is reduced; instant extinguishing of open fire is realized by self-starting temperature-sensitive aerosol, and spreading of thermal runaway of the sodium-ion battery is effectively inhibited under the assistance of a perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing agent.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of sodium ion batteries, and in particular to the field of sodium ion battery fire safety, and specifically to a sodium ion battery module graded early warning and automatic fire extinguishing system. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, electrochemical energy storage has become the most widely used and most promising power energy storage technology. Among them, lithium battery energy storage systems have great potential in promoting the integration of renewable resources and improving the flexibility of system operation due to their advantages such as flexible resource allocation, fast response speed, and no influence from weather and geographical location. Although lithium-ion batteries have excellent performance, the limited lithium resources have prompted researchers to actively seek alternatives. Because sodium-ion batteries work in a similar way to lithium-ion batteries, they have lower costs and higher safety, showing strong competitiveness, thus promoting the large-scale development of sodium-ion battery energy storage.

[0003] The similar working principles of sodium-ion batteries and lithium-ion batteries make them have similar potential dangers - battery thermal runaway. Under abuse conditions such as overcharging, sodium-ion batteries will show abnormal temperature rise and then enter the thermal runaway stage, which may cause thermal runaway to spread between batteries, leading to serious consequences such as jet fire or explosion, posing a huge threat to property and personnel safety.

[0004] Sodium-ion batteries and lithium-ion batteries show significant differences in thermal runaway. These differences are reflected in thermal runaway phenomena, safety valve opening temperature, thermal runaway maximum temperature, gas production components, etc. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a thermal runaway graded warning and automatic fire extinguishing safety system for sodium-ion battery modules.

[0005] At present, the relevant early warning and fire extinguishing research on the market mainly focuses on ternary lithium-ion batteries and lithium iron phosphate batteries, while the research on early warning and automatic fire extinguishing systems for sodium-ion battery modules is relatively scarce. This situation urgently requires strengthening the research on the safety of sodium-ion batteries to promote their safer and more reliable application in the field of energy storage. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a sodium ion battery module graded early warning and automatic fire extinguishing system to improve the accuracy of early warning, instantly extinguish the open fire, inhibit the spread of thermal runaway between sodium ion batteries, and prevent electrical short circuits in the battery module, thereby minimizing the property losses caused by thermal runaway of sodium ion batteries and protecting everyone's life safety to the greatest extent.

[0007] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0008] A sodium ion battery module hierarchical early warning and automatic fire extinguishing system, comprising:

[0009] A sodium ion battery module box and a sodium ion battery module, wherein the sodium ion battery module box is a rectangular box structure, and the sodium ion battery module is located inside the sodium ion battery module box; wherein,

[0010] The sodium ion battery module box includes a multi-parameter coupling measurement optical fiber, an ultrasonic monitoring module, and a temperature-sensing self-starting aerosol device;

[0011] The multi-parameter coupling measurement optical fiber is used to give a first-level warning signal when abnormal temperature or pressure signals of the sodium ion battery module are monitored;

[0012] The ultrasonic monitoring module is used to determine whether the first-level warning signal is accurate when receiving the first-level warning signal, and if accurate, to issue a second-level warning signal, and if inaccurate, to cancel the first-level warning signal;

[0013] The temperature-sensing self-starting aerosol device is used to monitor whether the sodium ion battery module reaches a preset abnormal temperature when the multi-parameter coupling measurement optical fiber cannot work normally, and to respectively start a third-level warning signal and a fourth-level warning signal for different preset abnormal temperatures.

[0014] Further, the sodium ion battery module box includes six surfaces, namely, the module box A side surface and the module box D side surface placed opposite to each other in the front and back, the module box B side surface and the module box C side surface placed opposite to each other in the left and right, and the module box top surface and the module box bottom surface;

[0015] The ultrasonic monitoring module includes a first slide rail, an ultrasonic transmitting probe, a second slide rail, and an ultrasonic receiving probe. The side of the module box B includes the first slide rail and the ultrasonic transmitting probe. The side of the module box C includes the second slide rail and the ultrasonic receiving probe. The ultrasonic transmitting probe is started when a first-level warning signal is received, and slides along the first slide rail to the fault area for ultrasonic monitoring. The ultrasonic receiving probe receives the ultrasonic signal emitted by the ultrasonic transmitting probe, and moves synchronously with the ultrasonic transmitting probe along the second slide rail.

[0016] Furthermore, the side of the module box A includes a total positive port of the module box, a total negative port of the module box, a signal transmission port, and a fire extinguishing pipe interface; wherein the total positive port of the module box and the total negative port of the module box are connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the sodium ion battery module, and are used to charge and discharge the sodium ion battery module; the signal transmission port is used to transmit ultrasonic monitoring signals in the sodium ion battery module box, temperature and pressure signals inside the sodium ion battery module, and temperature signals above and on the sides of the sodium ion battery module; the fire extinguishing pipe interface is used to externally connect a perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing agent cylinder and internally connect a high-temperature self-destructive fire extinguishing agent release pipeline.

[0017] Furthermore, the high-temperature self-destructive fire extinguishing agent release pipeline is in a pressurized state, and the pipeline is arranged along the top of the battery safety valve.

[0018] Furthermore, the first slide rail and the second slide rail are respectively located at the long symmetry axis positions of the side surface of the module box B and the side surface of the module box C.

[0019] Furthermore, the ultrasonic receiving probe and the ultrasonic transmitting probe can only slide at the same relative position on their respective slide rails.

[0020] Furthermore, the side of the module box D includes a one-way safety valve, which is used to quickly remove the high-temperature and high-pressure gas in the sodium-ion battery module box when thermal runaway occurs in the sodium-ion battery module, and at the same time block the interaction between the gas inside and outside the sodium-ion battery module box.

[0021] Furthermore, the temperature-sensing self-starting aerosol device is located on the top surface of the module box, including a first aerosol, a second aerosol, a first temperature-sensing cable, and a second temperature-sensing cable. The first aerosol is connected to the first temperature-sensing cable, and the second aerosol is connected to the second temperature-sensing cable. The triggering temperature of the first temperature-sensing cable is lower than the triggering temperature of the second temperature-sensing cable. When the triggering temperature of the first temperature-sensing cable is reached in the sodium-ion battery module box, the first aerosol is triggered to release the agent, and the third-level warning signal is activated; when the triggering temperature of the second temperature-sensing cable is reached, the second aerosol is triggered to release the agent, and the fourth-level warning signal is activated.

[0022] Furthermore, the trigger temperature of the temperature-sensing cable of the temperature-sensing self-starting aerosol device is 135-170°C.

[0023] Furthermore, the multi-parameter coupled measurement optical fiber includes a temperature and pressure measurement coupling optical fiber, and the temperature measurement optical fiber is located inside the sodium ion battery module, and the temperature measurement optical fiber is located on the upper surface and side of the sodium ion battery module.

[0024] The advantages and beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0025] The present invention realizes extremely early warning through four-level warning settings and automatic monitoring of the whole process, effectively saves human and material resources, and increases the protection of the sodium ion battery module at the same time; effectively reduces the probability of false alarms through multi-parameter coupling measurement of optical fiber combined with ultrasonic monitoring module, and avoids damage to the sodium ion battery module caused by false alarms of warning signals; effectively extinguishes open flames instantly through a temperature-sensing self-starting aerosol device, and at the same time, the aerosol temperature-sensing self-starting function can effectively avoid the situation where the open flame cannot be quickly extinguished when the early warning system fails; by installing two high-temperature resistant, waterproof and dustproof one-way safety valves, high-temperature and high-pressure gases can be quickly discharged in the sodium ion battery module box when thermal runaway occurs in the sodium ion battery module, and at the same time, the interaction of gases inside and outside the battery module is blocked, avoiding the risk of short circuit in the sodium ion battery module box. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a sodium ion battery module graded warning and automatic fire extinguishing system of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 The side views B and C of the sodium ion battery module box in the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 It is a side view and a top view of the sodium ion battery module box D in the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the sodium ion battery module of the present invention.

[0030] Reference numerals:

[0031] 1-sodium ion battery module box; 2-side of module box A, 21-total positive electrode port of module box, 22-total negative electrode port of module box, 23-signal transmission port, 24-fire extinguishing pipeline interface; 3-side of module box B, 31-first slide rail, 32-ultrasonic transmitting probe; 4-side of module box C, 41-second slide rail, 42-ultrasonic receiving probe, 43-ultrasonic monitoring module; 5-side of module box D, 51-one-way safety valve; 6-top surface of module box, 61-first aerosol, 62-second aerosol, 63-first temperature sensing cable, 64-second temperature sensing cable; 65-temperature sensing self-starting aerosol device; 7-sodium ion battery module; 71-temperature and pressure measuring coupling optical fiber, 72-temperature measuring optical fiber, 73-multi-parameter coupling measurement optical fiber, 74-high-temperature self-destructive fire extinguishing agent release pipeline. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the purpose and technical solution of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. For ordinary technicians in this field, other embodiments obtained according to these embodiments without creative work are all within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] The system includes a sodium ion battery module box 1 and a sodium ion battery module 7, wherein the sodium ion battery module box 1 is a rectangular box structure with a box thickness greater than 3 mm, including six surfaces, namely, a module box A side 2 and a module box D side 5 placed opposite to each other in the front and back, a module box B side 3 and a module box C side 4 placed opposite to each other in the left and right, and a module box top surface 6 and a module box bottom surface (not shown in the figure), and the sodium ion battery module 7 is located inside the sodium ion battery module box 1.

[0034] The side 2 of the module box A includes a total positive electrode port 21 of the module box, a total negative electrode port 22 of the module box, a signal transmission port 23, and a fire extinguishing pipe interface 24; wherein the total positive electrode port 21 of the module box and the total negative electrode port 22 of the module box are connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the sodium ion battery module 7, so as to realize the charging and discharging of the sodium ion battery module 7; the signal transmission port 23 is used to transmit the ultrasonic monitoring signal in the sodium ion battery module box 1, the temperature and pressure signal inside the sodium ion battery module 7, and the signal on the sodium ion battery module 7. The fire extinguishing agent pipeline interface 24 is used to connect the external perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing agent cylinder. The fire extinguishing agent pipeline interface 24 is connected with a high-temperature self-destructive fire extinguishing agent release pipeline 74 inside the sodium ion battery module box 1. The high-temperature self-destructive fire extinguishing agent release pipeline 74 is in a closed state and a pressurized state. The pipeline is arranged along the top of the battery safety valve. The pipeline material is not resistant to high temperature and has a high-temperature self-destructive feature. When the battery has thermal runaway and the central control system fails, the pipeline is damaged due to high temperature and the fire extinguishing agent is sprayed.

[0035] The side 3 of the module box B includes a first slide rail 31 and an ultrasonic transmitter probe 32. The first slide rail 31 is in a long strip shape and runs through the long symmetry axis of the side 3 of the module box B. The ultrasonic transmitter probe 32 can slide horizontally along the first slide rail 31. The ultrasonic transmitter probe 32 is activated when receiving a first-level warning signal and slides along the first slide rail 31 to the fault area for ultrasonic monitoring.

[0036] The side surface 4 of the module box C includes a second slide rail 41 and an ultrasonic receiving probe 42. The second slide rail 41 is in the shape of a long strip and runs through the long symmetry axis of the side surface 4 of the module box C. The ultrasonic receiving probe 42 can slide horizontally along the second slide rail 41; and the ultrasonic receiving probe 42 receives the ultrasonic signal emitted by the ultrasonic transmitting probe 32 and moves synchronously with the ultrasonic transmitting probe 32. The first slide rail 31, the ultrasonic transmitting probe 32, the second slide rail 41, and the ultrasonic receiving probe 42 together constitute an ultrasonic monitoring module 43. The ultrasonic monitoring module 43 monitors and determines the abnormality of the position of the first-level warning signal and gives a second-level warning signal. If no abnormality is detected, the first-level warning signal is cancelled.

[0037] The side 5 of the module box D includes a one-way safety valve 51, which has the functions of high temperature resistance, waterproof and dustproof one-way ventilation, and can quickly discharge the high temperature and high pressure gas in the sodium ion battery module box 1 when the sodium ion battery module 7 has thermal runaway, and at the same time block the interaction between the gas inside and outside the sodium ion battery module box 1, avoiding the risk of short circuit of the sodium ion battery module 7. At the same time, the one-way safety valve 51 has high temperature resistance and waterproof and dustproof performance.

[0038] The module box top surface 6 includes: a first aerosol 61, a second aerosol 62, a first temperature-sensing cable 63, and a second temperature-sensing cable 64. The first aerosol 61 is connected to the first temperature-sensing cable 63, and the second aerosol 62 is connected to the second temperature-sensing cable 64, together forming a temperature-sensing self-starting aerosol device 65. The trigger temperature of the first temperature-sensing cable 63 is 135°C. When the temperature in the sodium ion battery module box 1 reaches 135°C, the first aerosol 61 is triggered to release the agent, and the third-level warning signal is activated; the trigger temperature of the second temperature-sensing cable 64 is 170°C. When the temperature in the sodium ion battery module box 1 reaches 170°C, the second aerosol 62 is triggered to release the agent, and the fourth-level warning signal is activated. The dosage of the first aerosol 61 and the second aerosol 62 needs to be specifically determined according to the battery capacity and scale.

[0039] The sodium ion battery module 7 includes a temperature and pressure measuring coupling optical fiber 71, a temperature measuring optical fiber 72, and a high-temperature self-destructing fire extinguishing agent release pipeline 74. Among them, the temperature and pressure measuring coupling optical fiber 71 and the temperature measuring optical fiber 72 constitute a multi-parameter coupling measurement optical fiber 73; the temperature and pressure measuring coupling optical fiber 71 is located inside the sodium ion battery module 7, and the temperature measuring optical fiber 72 is located on the upper surface and side of the sodium ion battery module 7. When the temperature and pressure measuring coupling optical fiber 71 detects an abnormal temperature or pressure signal, a first-level warning signal can be given. When the warning system fails, the high-temperature self-destructing fire extinguishing agent release pipeline 74 is located on the upper surface of the sodium ion battery module 7. When the battery thermally runs away and sprays high-temperature gas, it releases perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing agent due to high-temperature rupture.

[0040] During charging and discharging, the sodium ion battery module 7 in the sodium ion battery module box 1 generates gas and / or the temperature rises due to an internal micro-short circuit. At this time, when the temperature and pressure measuring coupling optical fiber 71 detects an abnormal temperature or pressure signal, a first-level warning signal is given, and the ultrasonic monitoring module 43 starts working.

[0041] The ultrasonic transmitting probe 32 and the ultrasonic receiving probe 42 synchronously slide on the first slide rail 31 and the second slide rail 41 to the first-level warning signal position to monitor the abnormal situation inside the battery at the position of the first-level warning signal. If the abnormal situation is confirmed to be true, the charging and discharging is interrupted, the second-level warning signal is activated, and the alarm signal is fed back at the same time; if it is confirmed that there is no abnormal signal, the first-level warning signal is canceled.

[0042] When the temperature and pressure measuring coupling optical fiber 71 inside the sodium ion battery module 7 fails or other reasons result in the failure to issue a first-level warning signal, and the temperature measuring optical fiber 72 on the upper or side surface of the sodium ion battery module 7 issues an abnormal alarm, the third-level warning signal is activated. At this time, the first aerosol 61 is activated to release the agent.

[0043] The sodium ion battery module 7 in the sodium ion battery module box 1 generates gas and / or the temperature rises due to an internal micro-short circuit until battery thermal runaway occurs. After the high-temperature gas is sprayed, the first temperature-sensing cable 63 and the second temperature-sensing cable 64 on the top surface 6 of the module box will activate the first aerosol 61 and the second aerosol 62 to release the agent due to temperature reasons. At this time, a level 4 warning signal is issued to activate the perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing agent.

[0044] Several points need to be explained: first, in the description of the present invention, "side A", "side B", "side C", "side D", "top", "inner", "horizontal", etc. are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may change;

[0045] Finally, all the above textual expressions are merely more appropriate embodiments of the present invention. The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned implementation modes. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made to the above-mentioned embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention are still within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

[0046] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the objectives, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A sodium ion battery module graded warning and automatic fire extinguishing system, characterized in that: include: A sodium ion battery module box and a sodium ion battery module, wherein the sodium ion battery module box is a rectangular box structure, and the sodium ion battery module is located inside the sodium ion battery module box; wherein, The sodium ion battery module box includes a multi-parameter coupling measurement optical fiber, an ultrasonic monitoring module, and a temperature-sensing self-starting aerosol device; The multi-parameter coupling measurement optical fiber is used to give a first-level warning signal when abnormal temperature or pressure signals of the sodium ion battery module are monitored; The ultrasonic monitoring module is used to determine whether the first-level warning signal is accurate when receiving the first-level warning signal, and if accurate, to issue a second-level warning signal, and if inaccurate, to cancel the first-level warning signal; The temperature-sensing self-starting aerosol device is used to monitor whether the sodium ion battery module reaches a preset abnormal temperature when the multi-parameter coupling measurement optical fiber cannot work normally, and to respectively start a third-level warning signal and a fourth-level warning signal for different preset abnormal temperatures.

2. A sodium ion battery module graded warning and automatic fire extinguishing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sodium ion battery module box includes six surfaces, namely, a module box A side surface and a module box D side surface placed opposite to each other in the front and back, a module box B side surface and a module box C side surface placed opposite to each other in the left and right, and a module box top surface and a module box bottom surface; The ultrasonic monitoring module includes a first slide rail, an ultrasonic transmitting probe, a second slide rail, and an ultrasonic receiving probe. The side of the module box B includes the first slide rail and the ultrasonic transmitting probe. The side of the module box C includes the second slide rail and the ultrasonic receiving probe. The ultrasonic transmitting probe is started when a first-level warning signal is received, and slides along the first slide rail to the fault area for ultrasonic monitoring. The ultrasonic receiving probe receives the ultrasonic signal emitted by the ultrasonic transmitting probe, and moves synchronously with the ultrasonic transmitting probe along the second slide rail.

3. A sodium ion battery module graded warning and automatic fire extinguishing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side of the module box A includes a total positive port of the module box, a total negative port of the module box, a signal transmission port, and a fire extinguishing pipe interface; wherein the total positive port of the module box and the total negative port of the module box are connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the sodium ion battery module, and are used to charge and discharge the sodium ion battery module; the signal transmission port is used to transmit the ultrasonic monitoring signal in the sodium ion battery module box, the temperature and pressure signals inside the sodium ion battery module, and the temperature signals above and on the sides of the sodium ion battery module; the fire extinguishing pipe interface is used to externally connect a perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing agent cylinder and internally connect a high-temperature self-destructive fire extinguishing agent release pipeline.

4. A sodium ion battery module graded warning and automatic fire extinguishing system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The high-temperature self-destructive fire extinguishing agent release pipeline is in a pressurized state, and the pipeline is arranged along the top of the battery safety valve.

5. A sodium ion battery module graded warning and automatic fire extinguishing system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first slide rail and the second slide rail are respectively located at the long symmetry axis positions of the side surface of the module box B and the side surface of the module box C.

6. A sodium ion battery module graded warning and automatic fire extinguishing system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The ultrasonic receiving probe and the ultrasonic transmitting probe can only slide at the same relative position of the slide rails where they are located.

7. A sodium ion battery module graded warning and automatic fire extinguishing system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The side of the module box D includes a one-way safety valve, which is used to quickly discharge the high-temperature and high-pressure gas in the sodium-ion battery module box when thermal runaway occurs in the sodium-ion battery module, and at the same time block the interaction between the gas inside and outside the sodium-ion battery module box.

8. A sodium ion battery module graded warning and automatic fire extinguishing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature-sensing self-starting aerosol device is located on the top surface of the module box, and includes a first aerosol, a second aerosol, a first temperature-sensing cable, and a second temperature-sensing cable. The first aerosol is connected to the first temperature-sensing cable, and the second aerosol is connected to the second temperature-sensing cable. The trigger temperature of the first temperature-sensing cable is lower than the trigger temperature of the second temperature-sensing cable. When the trigger temperature of the first temperature-sensing cable is reached in the sodium-ion battery module box, the first aerosol is triggered to release the agent, and the third-level warning signal is activated; When the trigger temperature of the second temperature-sensitive cable is reached, the second aerosol is triggered to release the agent, and the fourth-level warning signal is activated.

9. A sodium ion battery module graded warning and automatic fire extinguishing system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The trigger temperature of the temperature-sensing cable of the temperature-sensing self-starting aerosol device is 135-170°C.

10. A sodium ion battery module graded warning and automatic fire extinguishing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-parameter coupling measurement optical fiber includes a temperature and pressure measurement coupling optical fiber and a temperature measurement optical fiber. The temperature and pressure measurement coupling optical fiber is located inside the sodium ion battery module, and the temperature measurement optical fiber is located on the upper surface and side of the sodium ion battery module.

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