Universal mold for prefabricated stairs

Abstract

A universal mold for prefabricated stairs comprises a step partition plate, a fixing frame, side molds and a bottom mold, the side molds at least comprise the first side mold and the second side mold, the step partition plate, the first side mold and the second side mold are located above the bottom mold, and the step partition plate is located between the first side mold and the second side mold; a fixing frame is arranged above the step partition plate so that the position of the step partition plate can be limited through the fixing frame, the fixing frame is directly or indirectly fixed to the bottom die or the side die through a first fastener, the step partition plate at least comprises a step plate and a connecting plate, and the step plate is hinged to the connecting plate so that the step plate can rotate relative to the connecting plate. When the concrete shrinks, the step plates can rotate relative to the connecting plates to change the distance between the two ends of the step partition plates, the step plates rotate relative to the connecting plates, follow-up demolding is easier, concrete cracking caused by supporting force generated on the concrete when the concrete shrinks is avoided, the technical problems in the prior art are solved, and the service life of the step plates is prolonged. And the production efficiency can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of building prefabricated component molds, and in particular to a universal mold for prefabricated stairs. Background Art

[0002] Existing buildings use a large number of prefabricated parts, which greatly increase the efficiency of construction by overlapping. With the increase in demand for prefabricated parts, the demand for molds for prefabricated parts has also gradually increased. How to use a smaller space to make more prefabricated parts is a major technical problem, especially for prefabricated stair molds. Even if a vertical mold is used, it still needs to occupy a larger space due to the bracket. For the workshop, a larger workshop means more cost investment, so occupying less space can reduce production costs. In addition, the closer the production workshop is to the construction site, the lower the logistics cost, so more workshops need to be built, but a workshop may need to produce prefabricated stairs of different specifications. Therefore, for workshops with smaller production batches, if adjustable molds are used for production, the mold utilization rate can be improved and the production cost can be reduced.

[0003] Since concrete will shrink to a certain extent when solidifying, but the size of the steel mold will not change if the temperature remains unchanged, and since there are multiple internal corners in prefabricated stairs, the movement of the internal corners will be affected by the steel mold, so cracks are easily generated in some internal corner areas when the concrete solidifies. There are safety hazards in using prefabricated stairs with cracks.

[0004] The Chinese patent number "CN111571776B" and the patent name "Vertical adjustable modulus prefabricated stair forming equipment and step height adjustment method thereof" discloses a mold with adjustable modulus. Although its modulus can be adjusted, it occupies a large space and also has the technical problem of concrete solidification cracking, that is, the shrinkage of concrete during solidification will be hindered by the mold, causing cracking in areas with high local stress.

[0005] The Chinese patent number "CN113232133B" and the patent name "A staircase mold device with controllable angle and adjustable size" discloses a mold with adjustable size, which also has the technical problem of occupying a large space and the technical problem of concrete solidification cracking.

[0006] The Chinese patent number "CN 112917652 B" and the patent name "A combined prefabricated reinforced concrete staircase mold and splicing method" discloses a combined mold, although it has an independent step plate mold blocks, but it is still an integral structure after installation, and there are technical problems of concrete solidification and cracking.

[0007] The Chinese patent number "CN118342617A" and the patent name "A prestressed staircase mold and a method for producing prestressed stairs" discloses a prestressed staircase mold, which provides prestress for the internal steel structure, but does not solve the stress caused by concrete shrinkage. It also has the technical problem of occupying a large space and the technical problem of concrete solidification cracking. Summary of the invention

[0008] The present application provides a universal mold for prefabricated stairs to at least solve the above technical problems existing in the prior art.

[0009] A universal mold for prefabricated stairs includes a step separator, a fixing frame, a side mold, and a bottom mold. The side mold includes at least a first side mold and a second side mold. The step separator, the first side mold and the second side mold are located above the bottom mold. The step separator is located between the first side mold and the second side mold. A fixing frame is provided above the step separator so that the position of the step separator is limited by the fixing frame. The fixing frame is directly or indirectly fixed to the bottom mold or the side mold through a first fastener. The step separator includes at least a step plate and a connecting plate. The step plate and the connecting plate are hinged so that the step plate can rotate relative to the connecting plate.

[0010] Compared with the prior art, the universal mold for prefabricated stairs in this application has the following beneficial effects: After the prefabricated stairs are cast, the forces on both sides of the step dividing plate are basically the same, so the fixing frame can be removed and the distance between the first side form and the second side form can be maintained. At this time, the concrete begins to solidify and shrink slowly, but after the fixing frame is removed, the step dividing plate is only subjected to the force of the concrete. When the concrete shrinks, the step plate can be rotated relative to the connecting plate to achieve the change of the distance between the two ends of the step dividing plate. The rotation of the step plate relative to the connecting plate not only makes subsequent demoulding easier, but also avoids the support force on the concrete when the concrete shrinks, causing concrete cracking. It not only solves the technical problems in the prior art, but also improves production efficiency.

[0011] In one embodiment, the side mold also includes a first end mold and a second end mold, the first end mold and the second end mold adopt the same design and are centrally symmetrically arranged above the bottom mold, the first side mold and the second side mold adopt the same design and are centrally symmetrically arranged above the bottom mold, the first end mold and the second end mold are arranged at both ends of the first side mold and the second side mold, the fixed frame is provided with an installation groove, the end of the step plate and the end of the connecting plate can be inserted into the installation groove, the installation groove can be used to limit the position of the step plate and the connecting plate so that the shape of the steps of the prefabricated staircase is regular and misalignment during the construction project is avoided. The first end mold and the second end mold adopt the same design, and the first side mold and the second side mold adopt the same design, which can make the module more versatile, reduce the module development cost, and make assembly more convenient. In one embodiment, the first side mold includes a left end plate, a right end plate, a module plate and a widened plate. The width of the left end plate and the right end plate is greater than the width of the module plate. Several module plates can be spliced ​​into a whole with the left end plate and the right end plate. The widened plate overlaps the module plate to increase the width of the module plate. The module plate is connected to the left end plate and the right end plate through an elastic connecting part. In this way, molds of different sizes can be spliced ​​to produce different types of stairs.

[0012] In one embodiment, the bottom mold is provided with a pit with a semicircular cross-section, and the treads and connecting plates are provided with semicircular convex ribs matching the pits. When the fixing frame has a large pressure, the treads and connecting plates are limited by the pits. After pouring, the fixing frame is removed, and the treads and connecting plates can be moved a certain distance under the action of horizontal force. In this way, shrinkage during concrete solidification will not be subject to too much resistance. Both the treads and connecting plates are in an active state and basically have no restrictive effect on the solidified stairs. In this way, cracking of the concrete during solidification can be avoided, so that the qualified rate and quality of the produced concrete stairs are greatly improved, and the production cost is reduced.

[0013] In one possible implementation manner, a permanent magnet is provided under the pit, or the pit is directly made of a permanent magnet material, or an electromagnet is provided under the pit, and the suction force of the magnet can be used to achieve rapid installation and alignment, thereby improving installation efficiency.

[0014] In one possible implementation manner, a pre-buried tube is provided between the first side mold and the second side mold, and the second fastener can pass through the pre-buried tube to fix the first side mold and the second side mold together, so that fixation is more convenient.

[0015] In one possible implementation manner, at least one embedded part is provided on the side of the embedded pipe, and the embedded part is fixed to the embedded pipe through a connecting rod or directly fixed to the embedded pipe, which makes it convenient to lift the prefabricated stairs from different directions.

[0016] In one possible implementation mode, the treads and connecting plates are made of plastic material and ferromagnetic material is embedded in the upper and lower ends or the surface of the ferromagnetic material is coated with rubber to prevent metal rust from affecting use, especially at the hinged position, where the basic rotation range is small. If the metal structure rusts, the hinge will fail and become an integrated structure. The stairs produced in this way are more prone to cracking.

[0017] In one embodiment, a circular arc-shaped positive angle is provided at the connection position between the tread and the connecting plate so that the cast prefabricated staircase has a circular arc-shaped negative angle, and a 45° chamfered negative angle is provided at the connection position between the tread and the connecting plate so that the cast prefabricated staircase has a 45° positive angle, which can avoid stress concentration and reduce cracking.

[0018] In one embodiment, a plurality of first side molds and second side molds are stacked in sequence, the first side mold and two adjacent second side molds are fixed together, and the second side mold and two adjacent first side molds are fixed together, so that multiple stairs can be cast together, reducing the space occupied by the molds.

[0019] It should be understood that the content described in this section is not intended to identify the key or important features of the embodiments of the present application, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the present application. Other features of the present application will become easily understood through the following description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] By reading the detailed description below with reference to the accompanying drawings, the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the exemplary embodiments of the present application will become readily understood. In the accompanying drawings, several embodiments of the present application are shown in an exemplary and non-limiting manner, wherein: In the drawings, the same or corresponding reference numerals represent the same or corresponding parts.

[0021] Figure 1 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of a universal mold for prefabricated stairs according to an embodiment of the present application is shown; Figure 2 A front schematic diagram of a universal mold for prefabricated stairs according to an embodiment of the present application is shown; Figure 3 A schematic top view of a universal mold for prefabricated stairs according to an embodiment of the present application is shown; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the first side mold decomposition of the universal mold for prefabricated stairs in an embodiment of the present application is shown; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a step partition plate of a universal mold for prefabricated stairs in an embodiment of the present application is shown; Figure 6 A partial schematic diagram of a step partition plate of a universal mold for prefabricated stairs according to an embodiment of the present application is shown; Figure 7 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of a fixing frame of a universal mold for prefabricated stairs according to an embodiment of the present application is shown; Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a bottom mold of a universal mold for prefabricated stairs in an embodiment of the present application is shown; Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of the spacing before solidification of the prefabricated staircase in an embodiment of the present application is shown; Fig.10 It shows an indirect schematic diagram of the prefabricated staircase after solidification according to an embodiment of the present application; Fig.11 A schematic diagram of the embedded pipes of the universal mold for prefabricated stairs according to an embodiment of the present application is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In order to make the purpose, features, and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0023] like Figure 1-8 As shown, a universal mold for prefabricated stairs includes a step partition plate 1, a fixing frame 2, a side mold 3, and a bottom mold 4. The side mold 3 includes at least a first side mold 31 and a second side mold 32. The step partition plate 1, the first side mold 31 and the second side mold 32 are located above the bottom mold 4. The step partition plate 1 is located between the first side mold 31 and the second side mold 32. A fixing frame 2 is provided above the step partition plate 1 so that the step partition plate 1 is limited in position by the fixing frame 2. The fixing frame 2 is directly or indirectly fixed to the bottom mold 4 or the side mold 3 through a first fastener 5. The step partition plate 1 includes at least a step plate 11 and a connecting plate 12. The step plate 11 and the connecting plate 12 are hinged so that the step plate 11 can rotate relative to the connecting plate 12. The hinged connection method of the step plate 11 and the connecting plate 12 is similar to that of a common hinge, that is, the first shaft cylinder 19 on the step plate 11 and the second shaft cylinder 18 of the connecting plate 12 are staggered, and the step plate 11 and the connecting plate 12 can be hinged together through the central axis. To ensure uniform force, two construction workers can be selected to pour from both sides of the tread plate 11 and the connecting plate 12 at the same time. A fixing rod 22 is provided above the fixing frame 2, and a first fastener 5 is provided on the fixing rod 22. The first side mold 31 is provided with a first bracket 6, and the first bracket 6 supports the first side mold 31 obliquely.

[0024] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 7 As shown, the side mold 3 also includes a first end mold 33 and a second end mold 34, the first end mold 33 and the second end mold 34 adopt the same design and are centrally symmetrically arranged above the bottom mold 4, the first side mold 31 and the second side mold 32 adopt the same design and are centrally symmetrically arranged above the bottom mold 4, the first end mold 33 and the second end mold 34 are arranged at both ends of the first side mold 31 and the second side mold 32, and the fixing frame 2 is provided with a mounting groove 21, and the end of the step plate 11 and the end of the connecting plate 12 can be inserted into the mounting groove 21. The outermost connecting plate 12 or the step plate 11 is hinged to the end plate 14, and the end plate 14 is arranged according to the shape of the end of the stairs. like Figure 4As shown, the first side mold 31 includes a left end plate 311, a right end plate 312, a module plate 313 and a widening plate 314. The widths of the left end plate 311 and the right end plate 312 are greater than the widths of the module plate 313. Several module plates 313 can be spliced ​​with the left end plate 311 and the right end plate 312 into a whole. The widening plate 314 overlaps the module plate 313 to increase the width of the module plate 313. The module plate 313 is connected to the left end plate 311 and the right end plate 312 through an elastic connection part 315. The elastic connection part 315 is made of a flexible material such as rubber and has a certain elastic deformation ability. One end of the clamping rod 316 passes through the widening plate 314 and the other end of the module plate 313 is fixed to the step partition plate 1 through a fastener.

[0025] like Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 8 As shown, the bottom mold 4 is provided with a concave pit 41 with a semicircular arc cross section, and the step plate 11 and the connecting plate 12 are provided with semicircular arc convex ribs 13 matching the concave pit 41 .

[0026] A permanent magnet is disposed below the pit 41 , or the pit 41 is directly made of a permanent magnet material, or an electromagnet is disposed below the pit 41 .

[0027] like Figure 3 and Fig.11 As shown, a pre-buried pipe 35 is provided between the first side mold 31 and the second side mold 32, and a through hole is provided on the tread 11 or the connecting plate 12. The second fastener can pass through the pre-buried pipe 35 and the tread 11 or the connecting plate 12 to fix the first side mold 31 and the second side mold 32 together.

[0028] like Figure 3 and Fig.11 As shown, at least one embedded part 36 is provided on the side of the embedded pipe 35 , and the embedded part 36 is fixed to the embedded pipe 35 through a connecting rod or directly fixed to the embedded pipe 35 .

[0029] The tread plate 11 and the connecting plate 12 are made of plastic material and are inlaid with ferromagnetic material at the upper and lower ends or coated with rubber on the surface of the ferromagnetic material.

[0030] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, a circular arc-shaped external corner 15 is provided at the connection position of the tread 11 and the connecting plate 12 so that the cast prefabricated staircase has a circular arc-shaped internal corner, and a 45° chamfered internal corner 16 is provided at the connection position of the tread 11 and the connecting plate 12 so that the cast prefabricated staircase has a 45° external angle.

[0031] like Figure 1 and Figure 3As shown, a plurality of first side molds 31 and second side molds 32 are stacked in sequence, the first side mold 31 is fixed to two adjacent second side molds 32, and the second side mold 32 is fixed to two adjacent first side molds 31. The fixing rod 22 can be set longer to fix multiple fixing frames 2 to the bottom mold 4.

[0032] like Fig. 9 As shown in the figure, before the concrete solidifies, the intervals between the inner corners of the stairs on both sides are 328.5 and 207.2. Assuming the shrinkage rate is 20%, Fig.10 As shown, after the concrete shrinks, the intervals between the inner corners of the stairs on both sides are 362.5 and 262.4. Therefore, regardless of the position of the tread 11 or the connecting plate 12, the spacing becomes larger after the concrete shrinks, but the tread 11 needs to be rotated a certain angle relative to the connecting plate 12, so as not to limit the shrinkage of the concrete and avoid cracking.

[0033] It should be understood that the various forms of processes shown above can be used to reorder, add or delete steps. For example, the steps recorded in this application can be executed in parallel, sequentially or in different orders, as long as the expected results of the technical solution of this application can be achieved, and this document does not limit this.

[0034] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of this application, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0035] The above is only a specific implementation of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art who is familiar with the present technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A universal mold for prefabricated stairs, characterized in that: A universal mold for prefabricated stairs is provided, comprising a step partition plate (1), a fixing frame (2), a side mold (3), and a bottom mold (4); the side mold (3) comprises at least a first side mold (31) and a second side mold (32); the step partition plate (1), the first side mold (31), and the second side mold (32) are located above the bottom mold (4); the step partition plate (1) is located between the first side mold (31) and the second side mold (32); the fixing frame (2) is provided above the step partition plate (1) so that the position of the step partition plate (1) is limited by the fixing frame (2); the fixing frame (2) is directly or indirectly fixed to the bottom mold (4) or the side mold (3) by a first fastener (5); the step partition plate (1) comprises at least a step plate (11) and a connecting plate (12); the step plate (11) and the connecting plate (12) are hinged so that the step plate (11) can rotate relative to the connecting plate (12).

2. The universal mold for prefabricated stairs according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side mold (3) further comprises a first end mold (33) and a second end mold (34), the first end mold (33) and the second end mold (34) adopt the same design and are centrally symmetrically arranged above the bottom mold (4), the first side mold (31) and the second side mold (32) adopt the same design and are centrally symmetrically arranged above the bottom mold (4), the first end mold (33) and the second end mold (34) are arranged at both ends of the first side mold (31) and the second side mold (32), the fixing frame (2) is provided with a mounting groove (21), and the end of the step plate (11) and the end of the connecting plate (12) can be inserted into the mounting groove (21).

3. The universal mold for prefabricated stairs according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first side mold (31) comprises a left end plate (311), a right end plate (312), a module plate (313) and a widening plate (314); the widths of the left end plate (311) and the right end plate (312) are greater than the width of the module plate (313); a plurality of the module plates (313) can be spliced ​​with the left end plate (311) and the right end plate (312) to form a whole; the widening plate (314) overlaps the module plate (313) to increase the width of the module plate (313); and the module plate (313) is connected to the left end plate (311) and the right end plate (312) via an elastic connection portion (315).

4. The universal mold for prefabricated stairs according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom mold (4) is provided with a concave pit (41) with a semicircular arc cross section, and the tread plate (11) and the connecting plate (12) are provided with semicircular arc convex ribs (13) matching the concave pit (41).

5. The universal mold for prefabricated stairs according to claim 4, characterized in that: A permanent magnet is provided below the concave pit (41); or the concave pit (41) is directly made of a permanent magnet material; or an electromagnet is provided below the concave pit (41).

6. The universal mold for prefabricated stairs according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: A pre-buried pipe (35) is provided between the first side mould (31) and the second side mould (32), and a second fastener can pass through the pre-buried pipe (35) to fix the first side mould (31) and the second side mould (32) together.

7. The universal mold for prefabricated stairs according to claim 6, characterized in that: At least one embedded part (36) is provided on the side of the embedded pipe (35), and the embedded part (36) is fixed to the embedded pipe (35) via a connecting rod or directly fixed to the embedded pipe (35).

8. The universal mold for prefabricated stairs according to claim 7, characterized in that: The tread plate (11) and the connecting plate (12) are made of plastic material and have ferromagnetic material embedded in the upper and lower ends or are coated with rubber on the surface of the ferromagnetic material.

9. The universal mold for prefabricated stairs according to claim 8, characterized in that: A circular arc-shaped positive angle is provided at the connection position between the tread plate (11) and the connection plate (12), so that the cast prefabricated staircase has a circular arc-shaped negative angle, and a 45° chamfered negative angle is provided at the connection position between the tread plate (11) and the connection plate (12), so that the cast prefabricated staircase has a 45° positive angle.

10. The universal mold for prefabricated stairs according to claim 9, characterized in that: A plurality of the first side molds (31) and the second side molds (32) are stacked in sequence at intervals; the first side mold (31) and two adjacent second side molds (32) are fixed together, and the second side mold (32) and two adjacent first side molds (31) are fixed together.

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