Under-rail reinforced rubber cushion plate of multi-layer composite structure and application thereof

Abstract

The invention is suitable for the technical field of multi-layer composite product structures, and provides an under-rail reinforced rubber base plate of a multi-layer composite structure and application of the under-rail reinforced rubber base plate. A plurality of grooves which intersect in the inclined direction are formed in the pillow touching layer and the rail touching layer, the multiple upper grooves which intersect in the inclined direction jointly form network grooves, and the network grooves divide the pillow touching layer and the rail touching layer of the base plate into a plurality of shoulder pads. Therefore, the reinforced under-rail base plate can enable stress to be uniformly dispersed, fatigue recovery is more than two times faster than that of an existing base plate, the rhombic groove channels of the base plate are opened, and the ventilation, cooling and drainage speed is high. And meanwhile, the rhombic shoulder pad of the base plate can effectively restrain sliding abrasion and tearing caused by impact stretching of the base plate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of multi-layer composite product structures and provides a multi-layer composite structure under-rail reinforced rubber pad and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] The rail rubber pad is one of the indispensable and important parts of the railway line. Its main function is to provide elastic buffering and shock absorption. It can minimize the damage to the rail sleepers of locomotives and vehicles and the sandification of the line caused by the strong impact generated during the operation of the train, ensure the stability of the line quality, ensure the safety of train operation, and make passengers feel comfortable when traveling.

[0004] At present, the rail rubber pads used in my country's railway lines, whether they are straight lines with a curve radius (R)>600M, or slope lines with a curve radius (R)≤600M, (R)≤350M, (R)≤250M, are almost all rectangular shoulder pads with the same thickness on both sides (10+0.5). This kind of rectangular shoulder pads with the same thickness on both sides, if the technical indicators fully meet the standards (Q / CR-564) and are used for straight lines with a curve radius (R)>600M, its service life can still be maintained for about 2 to 2.5 years. However, this kind of pad has a serious and helpless defect. Since this pad (60-10-185) has more grooves on both sides (17 grooves), the side shoulder width is only 7 to 9m, the area is small, and the bearing pressure is small, so the pad is distorted. See attached Figure 1 and attached Figure 2 The deformation states of the existing pads in the two states before and after being compressed. The rail pad is under constant pressure from the sleeper fasteners. The heavy pressure from the train and the strong impact on the rubber pads cause stretching creep, which leads to damage. If this kind of rectangular shoulder pad with equal thickness is laid on a slope line with a line radius of R≤350M or even R≤250M, the line shape is high outside (upper rail) and low inside (lower rail) (the upper and lower rail shape difference is 120mm). When the train passes the load, it will inevitably cause displacement and bias. Moreover, the smaller the line curve radius (R), the slower the train speed, and the greater the train load displacement. Biased pressure and eccentric wear will occur on the line sleepers, rubber pads, and even wheels. What is more serious is that in order to prevent the train from sliding while climbing the slope, the coarse sand sprayed between the wheels and rails will vibrate with it, invade the gap between the seam joints of the sleeper rubber pads and stay there, just like adding abrasives and tearing agents to double the accelerated wear and tear of the rubber pads. Practice and research have shown that the fundamental reason for the damage and short service life of the rubber pad under the rail is that the tensile (stretching) tear strength of the rubber pad is too low. It cannot meet the strong impact, stretching and tearing requirements of train operation. Therefore, it is inevitable to improve the tensile (stretching) tear strength of the rubber material of the rubber pad under the rail and improve the structural form. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned defects, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a reinforced rubber pad under the rail with a multi-layer composite structure and its application, in order to solve the problems raised in the background technology. A reinforced rubber pad under the rail with a multi-layer composite structure includes a pad composed of several layers of rubber material layers and several layers of fiber material layers. A pillow layer and a track layer are respectively provided on two sides of the pad. Both the pillow layer and the track layer are made of rubber materials. Both the pillow layer and the track layer are arranged with several obliquely crossed grooves. The several obliquely crossed grooves together constitute a network groove. The network groove divides the pillow layer and the track layer of the pad into several pad shoulders.

[0006] Furthermore, the shoulder pads are in a rhombus shape, and the rhombus-shaped shoulder pads form a rhombus network shoulder pad.

[0007] Furthermore, the track layer is provided with shoulders at both ends along the width direction.

[0008] Furthermore, two sets of diagonal lines on the top surface of each diamond network shoulder pad are used as diagonal lines, one of which is parallel or perpendicular to the length direction of the pad, and the other is parallel or perpendicular to the width direction of the pad.

[0009] Furthermore, the orthographic projection of the network grooves on the pillow layer on the track layer does not overlap with the network grooves on the track layer, and the network grooves on the pillow layer and the network grooves on the track layer are arranged in a cross manner.

[0010] Furthermore, the point where the grooves on the pillow layer intersect each other is point O1; the midpoint of the diamond network shoulder pad on the track layer is point O2, and then point O1 and point O2 overlap.

[0011] Furthermore, one or more series connection parts are arranged on the touch pillow layer and / or the touch track layer, and the series connection parts are arranged between two adjacent pad shoulders along the length and / or width direction of the pad.

[0012] Furthermore, the thin layer of fiber material is a fiber cloth.

[0013] Furthermore, the pad is made of several layers of fiber cloth and several layers of rubber material thin layers through hot pressing bonding.

[0014] An application of a reinforced rubber pad under a rail with a multi-layer composite structure, based on the reinforced rubber pad under a rail with a multi-layer composite structure, is characterized in that the pad is applied under the rail of a rail transit line.

[0015] Therefore, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] 1. Compared with the existing parallel grooves, the diamond shoulder pads divided by the network-distributed grooves can make the pad force more balanced, further disperse the stress, make the stress uniform, and improve the degree of compression deformation of the pad; make the pad drainage, ventilation, and cooling more unobstructed, and the elastic recovery faster.

[0017] 2. The diamond-shaped shoulder pads that cross each other up and down can further achieve the characteristics of anti-climbing and anti-stretching. While ensuring that the groove can be ventilated and water-permeable, the elastic recovery ability of the pad is also enhanced.

[0018] 3. Compared with the existing pads (60-10-185), the area is reduced and the arrangement is uniform, which avoids the problems of narrow side shoulders (7-9m), wide middle shoulder (12m), uneven force on the pads, and serious compression deformation (especially the side shoulders of the pads are compressed, widened and thickened), which lead to easy loosening of sleeper fasteners, difficulty in maintaining a constant track gauge, fast displacement speed, reduced line quality, rapid deterioration, and unpredictable train running safety risks. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of an existing pad under normal conditions;

[0020] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the existing pad under compression deformation;

[0021] Figure 3 This is the internal cross-sectional view of the pad;

[0022] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the top structure of the pad;

[0023] Figure 5 The schematic diagram of the bottom structure of the pad;

[0024] Figure 6 It is the side view of the pad;

[0025] Figure 7 for Figure 4 and Figure 5 A magnified view of the E1 / E2 structure;

[0026] Figure 8 This is the groove grid diagram of the front and back sides of the pad.

[0027] In the figure: 1- rubber layer; 2- fiber layer; 3- diamond network shoulder pad; 4- network groove; 5- series part; 6- side shoulder. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0029] It should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, “plurality” means two or more than two; the orientations or positional relationships indicated by terms such as “upper”, “lower”, “left”, “right”, “inside”, “outside”, “front end”, “rear end”, “head” and “tail” are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0030] Meanwhile, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0031] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0032] See also Figure 1-Figure 8 The purpose of the present invention is to provide a reinforced rubber pad under the rail with a multi-layer composite structure and its application. The reinforced rubber pad under the rail with a multi-layer composite structure includes a rubber material layer and a fiber material layer. The rubber material and the fiber material both constitute a layered structure, that is, the pad of the present invention is composed of a composite of a multi-layer rubber material thin layer and a multi-layer fiber material thin layer. The fiber material uses short fiber material, and the fiber material thin layer uses a fiber cloth woven from fibers. A special glue press is used to heat-press and bond several layers of fiber cloth and several layers of rubber at 65 to 70°C through a cooling-linked integrated machine to reinforce the multi-layer composite layered structure of rubber; wherein the multiple layers of fiber cloth and several layers of rubber are stacked and laid, and the multi-dimensional structure of the polymer is multiplied by stacking first and then hot-pressing and bonding. The tensile and tearing resistance of the polymer (rail pad) is greatly improved.

[0033] The fiber cloth is made of nylon 66 and polyester. During hot pressing, the network structure of the fiber consisting of warp and weft is solidified. Two or more polymer macromolecular chains with different structures and properties diffuse under hot pressing to form a multi-phase, multi-interface, longitudinal and transverse (warp and weft) reinforced composite, which disperses, passivates, deflects and blocks the crack stress transmission, and can enhance the tensile (stretching) and tearing strength of the polymer in the warp and weft (longitudinal and transverse).

[0034] Table 1 is a comparison table of the main physical properties of the existing rubber rail pad material and the pad rubber produced by the present solution using fiber cloth and rubber hot-pressed bonding to reinforce the rubber.

[0035] Table 1

[0036]

[0037] Table 2 is a comparison table of the main physical properties of the existing vulcanized rubber rail pad material and the pad rubber material produced by the present solution using fiber cloth and rubber hot-pressed bonding to reinforce the rubber:

[0038] Table 2

[0039]

[0040] Calculation of longitudinal and transverse reinforcement force of equal / non-equal thickness pads by hot-pressed fiber and rubber reinforced adhesive lamination:

[0041] N=B / C*G*H (1)

[0042] Among them, L is the length direction of the pad (warp of the sub-mouth cloth), unit: mm; B is the transverse direction of the pad (weft of the sub-mouth cloth), unit: mm; C is the distance between the warp and weft of the sub-mouth cloth, 1.5mm / root; G is the force (N) value of the warp and weft of the sub-mouth cloth / root; H is the laminated sub-mouth cloth layer.

[0043] Table 3 is the calculation table of the warp and weft force values ​​of the sub-cloth.

[0044] Table 3

[0045]

[0046] Among them, the warp and weft of the glued cloth are based on the actual values ​​obtained by testing according to GB / T528(I) samples.

[0047] The superposition of fiber spigot cloth and rubber hot-pressed reinforced rubber ply has a direct and important impact on the physical properties of equal-thickness / unequal-thickness pads under the rail: less ply means poor reinforcement, and more ply will lead to excess physical properties of the pad, increasing manufacturing costs and wasting resources. Therefore, it is necessary to make a reasonable ply design for the pad.

[0048] Table 4 is a comparison table for the best choices for pad layering.

[0049] Table 4

[0050] Pad type and specification Sub-cloth laying Applicable line curve radius (R) 60-10-185(II) 3～4 R≥600M 50-5-185(B)134 1～2 R≥600M 60-101、Ⅲb 4～5 R≥600M 60-12-185Ⅲ 4～5 Rail joint 60-10R-185 4.5～5.5 R≤600M 60-10R-185 5.5～6.5 R≤350M, R≤250M 60-10-185 5～6 R>600M 60-10R-185 6.5～7.5 R≤350M

[0051] Among them, the fibers in the sling cloth use short fiber fabrics, such as seaweed fiber, nylon 66 or polyester. The short fiber sling cloth made of seaweed fiber and other materials can have strong tear resistance and flame retardant properties; at the same time, the warp and weft density of the sling cloth is 61 to 63 strands / 100mm; the thickness of the sling cloth fabric is 0.46 to 0.72mm; the thickness of the warp and weft of the sling cloth is 0.50 to 0.70mm.

[0052] Rubber compound formula table In the fiber cloth and rubber hot-pressed bonded reinforced rail underlay plate, the rubber compound formula, mass parts and feeding order are shown in the following Table 5.

[0053] Table 5

[0054]

[0055]

[0056] The process flow of plastic mixing of rubber materials using internal mixer is shown in Table 6 below.

[0057] Table 6

[0058]

[0059] Use the glue pressing and cooling machine to heat press the fiber cloth and rubber at 65℃~70℃. The bonding process is as follows:

[0060] S1. After the mixed rubber is parked and cooled, it is cooked, heated, plasticized, and hardened on an open mill at 45°C to 50°C, and then immediately transferred to a rubber press;

[0061] S2. After the rubber sheet is rolled off, cool it with cold air for more than 4 hours and then transfer to the next process;

[0062] S3, the sheeting rubber is transferred to the pad blank preparation machine, and the CNC system automatically cuts it according to the required ply, length and width dimensions, and then transferred to the vulcanization workshop for vulcanization;

[0063] S4. When the backing plate is vulcanized, the vulcanization time is set according to the time and temperature measured by the rotorless vulcanizer. The temperature is based on the mold cavity temperature, and the pressure is maintained at 15-16 rmpa.

[0064] S5. Trim the edges of the pads, inspect their physical properties, and then pack them for storage.

[0065] Among them, the technical conditions for hot pressing of fiber cloth and rubber are as follows:

[0066] 1. Use four-roll rubber calendering and cooling machine, roller temperature 65℃~70℃ glue casting hot pressing bonding;

[0067] 2. Before calendering the rubber and the cloth, they need to be calendered on the open mill to reduce viscosity and increase plasticity. The rubber calendering temperature is set to a roller temperature of 50°C ± 3°C;

[0068] 3. The thickness of the hot-pressed bonding between the fiber cloth and the rubber can be set to 1.3-2.0 mm as required, and can be increased or decreased according to the physical property requirements of the pad;

[0069] 4. The fiber cloth and rubber are hot pressed to form a roll, and the roll-forming temperature is ≤30℃.

[0070] The multi-layer composite structure of the reinforced rubber pad under the rail is used under the rail of the rail transit line.

[0071] See also Figure 4-Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the structure of the multi-layer composite structure of the under-rail reinforced rubber pad, where Figure 4 This is a top view of the pad, i.e. a schematic diagram of the structure of the pillow layer. Figure 5 It is a bottom view of the pad, that is, a schematic diagram of the track layer structure. The pillow layer and the track layer of the multi-layer composite structure of the reinforced rubber pad under the rail are both arranged with a number of obliquely crossed grooves, and the obliquely crossed grooves together constitute a network groove 4. The network groove 4 divides the pillow layer and the track layer of the pad into a number of shoulder pads, and the shoulder pads are square shoulder pads. As an optimal solution, the shoulder pads are changed to diamond shape, that is: the network groove 4 divides the pillow layer and the track layer of the pad into a number of evenly arranged diamond network shoulder pads 3; and the track layer is provided with side shoulders 6 at both ends along the width direction. Specifically, in this embodiment, the two sets of diagonals on the top surface of each diamond network shoulder pad 3 are used as diagonals, one of which is parallel or perpendicular to the length direction of the pad, and the other diagonal is parallel or perpendicular to the width direction of the pad.

[0072] In the prior art, the grooves on the existing pads are rectangular parallel grooves, that is, a number of grooves are parallel to the length direction of the pad and are evenly arranged along the width direction of the pad; and compared with the existing parallel grooves, the network grooves 4 of the present technical solution are diamond-shaped shoulder pads divided by the network-distributed grooves, which can make the pad more balanced in force, further disperse the stress, make the stress uniform, and improve the degree of compression deformation of the pad; make the pad drainage, ventilation, and cooling more smooth, and the elastic recovery faster.

[0073] Furthermore, the network grooves 4 on the pillow layer and the network grooves 4 on the track layer are arranged in a cross pattern; that is, the network grooves 4 on the pillow layer are defined as point O1 where they intersect each other; the midpoint of the diamond network shoulder pad 3 on the track layer is point O2, and O1 and O2 overlap. In other words, the positive projection of the network grooves 4 on the pillow layer on the track layer does not overlap with the network grooves 4 on the track layer, and forms a cross-groove network with uniform spacing. This arrangement further enhances the impact resistance of the overall structure of the pad, and the diamond shoulder pads that cross up and down can further achieve anti-climbing and anti-stretching properties. While ensuring that the grooves can be ventilated and water-permeable, the elastic recovery ability of the pad is also enhanced.

[0074] For further information, see Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 A series connection part 5 is arranged between adjacent rhombus network shoulder pads 3 on the pillow layer and the track layer. The series connection part 5 can be arranged between two adjacent rhombus network shoulder pads 3 along the length direction or the width direction of the pad, and a plurality of series connection parts 5 can be arranged on the pillow layer and the track layer, respectively. In a preferred embodiment: on the pillow layer: the series connection part 5 is arranged between two adjacent rhombus network shoulder pads 3 along the length direction of the pad; on the track layer: the series connection part 5 is arranged between both two adjacent rhombus network shoulder pads 3 along the length direction of the pad and two adjacent rhombus network shoulder pads 3 along the width direction of the pad.

[0075] More specifically, a plurality of series connection parts 5 are provided on the touch pad layer; the arrangement is as follows: three series connection parts 5 are provided on the center line of the touch track layer along the length direction of the pad, and four are provided on the pad at both ends close to the center line. A total of 12 series connection parts 5 are provided on the touch track layer, and the arrangement is as follows: four series connection parts 5 are provided on the center line of the touch track layer along the length direction of the pad, three are provided on both ends close to the center line of the pad, and two are vertically provided on both sides of the pad away from the center line.

[0076] This arrangement can both maximize the strength of the pad and maintain the ventilation and drainage performance brought by the grooves. The layout position and number of the series parts 5 can be specially arranged according to the train load, climbing angle and curve radius of the line to balance the matching degree between the performance of the pad and the train parameters.

[0077] The special structure of the above-mentioned rail pad, including the setting of the diamond network shoulder pad 3 and the setting of the network groove 4, is not only applicable to the rail pad with fiber cloth and rubber hot pressing bonding, but also to other rubber pads with non-fiber cloth and rubber structure, and is also applicable to rail pads with equal thickness / unequal thickness. Its improvement of the elastic recovery ability of the pad and its stress dispersion, anti-distortion and anti-impact characteristics completely depend on the layout characteristics of its structure itself, and can be applied under the rail and at the turnout. The specific scenario of the application of this structure depends on the size of the line curve radius, the axle weight of the train and other conditions.

[0078] The above-mentioned design of the diamond shoulder pad of the pad plate is smaller in area and more evenly arranged than the existing pad plate (60-10-185), avoiding the existing narrow side shoulder (7-9m), wide middle shoulder (12m), uneven force on the pad plate, and severe compression deformation (especially the side shoulder of the pad plate is compressed, widened and thickened), which leads to the loosening of the sleeper fasteners, difficulty in maintaining a constant track gauge, fast displacement speed, reduced line quality, rapid deterioration, and unpredictable train running safety risks. The diamond shoulder pad of the pad plate has stress evacuation and fatigue recovery that is more than twice faster than the existing pad plate, and the diamond groove channel of the pad plate is open, with fast ventilation, cooling and drainage. The diamond shoulder pad of the pad plate can effectively suppress the sliding wear and tear caused by the impact stretching of the pad plate.

[0079] Of course, the present invention may have many other embodiments. Without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, technicians familiar with the field may make various corresponding changes and modifications based on the present invention, but these corresponding changes and modifications should all fall within the scope of protection of the claims attached to the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-layer composite structure under-rail reinforced rubber pad, characterized in that: The invention comprises a pad composed of a plurality of rubber material layers and a plurality of fiber material layers, wherein a pillow layer and a track layer are respectively arranged on two sides of the pad, wherein the pillow layer and the track layer are both made of rubber material, and wherein a plurality of obliquely intersecting grooves are arranged on the pillow layer and the track layer, wherein the plurality of obliquely intersecting grooves together form a network groove (4), and wherein the network groove (4) separates the pillow layer and the track layer of the pad into a plurality of pad shoulders.

2. The multi-layer composite reinforced rubber pad under the rail according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shoulder pads are in a rhombus shape, and the rhombus-shaped shoulder pads form a rhombus-shaped network shoulder pad (3).

3. The multi-layer composite reinforced rubber pad under the rail according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two ends of the track layer along the width direction are both provided with side shoulders (6).

4. The multi-layer composite reinforced rubber pad under the rail according to claim 2, characterized in that: Two groups of diagonal lines on the top surface of each rhombus network shoulder pad (3) are used as diagonal lines, one of which is parallel or perpendicular to the length direction of the pad, and the other is parallel or perpendicular to the width direction of the pad.

5. The rail reinforced rubber pad with a multi-layer composite structure according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The orthographic projection of the network grooves (4) on the touch pillow layer on the touch track layer does not overlap with the network grooves (4) on the touch track layer, and the network grooves (4) on the touch pillow layer and the network grooves (4) on the touch track layer are arranged in a cross manner.

6. The multi-layer composite reinforced rubber pad under the rail according to claim 5, characterized in that: The point where the grooves on the pillow layer intersect each other is point O1; the midpoint of the diamond network shoulder pad (3) on the track layer is point O2, and point O1 and point O2 overlap.

7. The rail reinforced rubber pad with a multi-layer composite structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: One or more series connection parts (5) are arranged on the contact pillow layer and / or the contact track layer, and the series connection parts (5) are arranged between two adjacent pad shoulders along the length and / or width direction of the pad.

8. The multi-layer composite reinforced rubber pad under the rail according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The thin layer of fiber material is a fiber cloth.

9. The rail reinforced rubber pad with a multi-layer composite structure according to claim 8, characterized in that: The pad is made of several layers of fiber cloth and several layers of rubber material thin layers through hot pressing and bonding.

10. Application of a multi-layer composite reinforced rubber pad under a track, based on the multi-layer composite reinforced rubber pad under a track according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pad is used under the rail of a rail transit line.

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