Self-adaptive lubrication multi-stage planetary gear speed reducer

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of speed reducers, and particularly discloses a self-adaptive lubrication multi-stage planetary gear speed reducer which comprises a multi-stage planetary gear speed reducer body, an oil storage cavity is formed in the top end of the multi-stage planetary gear speed reducer body, and a heat dissipation cavity is formed in the left side of the multi-stage planetary gear speed reducer body. An oil filling hole communicated with an inner cavity of the oil storage cavity is formed in the top end of the multi-stage planetary gear speed reducer, an overflow hole communicated with the inner cavity of the oil storage cavity is formed in the top of the rear side of the multi-stage planetary gear speed reducer, and a limiting groove is formed in the left side of the top end of the multi-stage planetary gear speed reducer; and the multi-stage planetary gear speed reducer input shaft is rotatably arranged in the middle of the inner cavity of the multi-stage planetary gear speed reducer. Intelligent monitoring and automatic adjustment of the lubricating oil can be achieved, lubrication failure caused by reduction of the lubricating oil and temperature rise is effectively avoided, the operation stability, durability and transmission efficiency of the speed reducer are remarkably improved, and meanwhile the manual maintenance cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of reducers, and in particular to a multi-stage planetary gear reducer with adaptive lubrication. Background Art

[0002] As a key component in modern mechanical transmission systems, multi-stage planetary gear reducers have shown wide application value in many fields such as industrial automation, aerospace, and heavy equipment manufacturing due to their efficient and compact structural design. This type of reducer achieves precise output of large torque and low speed through the mutual meshing of multi-stage planetary gears, effectively improving the stability and durability of the transmission system. Its core lies in the principle of planetary gears rotating around the central gear to achieve the effect of speed reduction and torque increase. The multi-stage structure further amplifies this efficiency, allowing the reducer to meet more complex and changeable working conditions. Lubrication, as an indispensable part of the operation of multi-stage planetary gear reducers, plays a vital role. It can not only effectively reduce the friction and wear between gears and extend the service life of equipment, but also protect the gear surface by forming an oil film to prevent overheating and noise problems caused by direct contact. Good lubrication conditions can also optimize the efficiency of gear transmission and ensure the stability and accuracy of power transmission. However, in the prior art, multi-stage planetary gear reducers face the problem of reduced lubricating oil during long-term use. The root cause of this problem is that, on the one hand, the high-speed rotation of the gears The rotation and mutual squeezing of the gears will cause some lubricating oil to leak through the gear gap and the poor sealing. On the other hand, with the accumulation of working time, the lubricating oil is gradually consumed due to heat evaporation, oxidation decomposition and other reasons. The reduction of lubricating oil directly weakens its original lubricating effect, which not only aggravates the friction and wear between the gears, but also may cause serious faults such as overheating, vibration and even gear jamming, which seriously threatens the operating reliability and safety of the reducer. When the amount of lubricating oil inside the multi-stage planetary gear reducer is insufficient, the traditional lubrication system often lacks an automatic replenishment mechanism and cannot be accurately adjusted according to the real-time state of the lubricating oil. This means that once the lubricating oil is reduced to a certain extent, manual intervention is required for replenishment, which not only increases the maintenance cost, but also may lead to poor lubrication effect or waste of resources due to untimely or excessive replenishment. In addition, during the operation of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer, due to the high-speed rotation of the gears and frictional heat generation, the temperature of the inner cavity will increase significantly. Under high temperature environment, the viscosity of the lubricating oil will decrease and the fluidity will increase. Although this is beneficial to the distribution of the lubricating oil to a certain extent, it will also accelerate the oxidation and deterioration of the lubricating oil, reduce its lubricating performance, and even cause the oil film to rupture, resulting in lubrication failure. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the shortcomings of the prior art that the lubricating oil cannot be automatically replenished and the lubricating effect decreases due to the increase in the temperature of the lubricating oil, and to propose a multi-stage planetary gear reducer with adaptive lubrication.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a multi-stage planetary gear reducer with adaptive lubrication, comprising: a multi-stage planetary gear reducer, an oil storage chamber is provided at the top of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer, a heat dissipation chamber is provided on the left side of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer, a refueling hole connected to the inner cavity of the oil storage chamber is provided at the top of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer, an overflow hole connected to the inner cavity of the oil storage chamber is provided at the top of the rear side of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer, and a limiting groove is provided on the left side of the top of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer; the input shaft of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer is rotatably arranged in the middle of the inner cavity of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer The left end of the input shaft of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer can be rotatably extended out of the left side of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer, and the input shaft of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer passes through the inner cavity of the heat dissipation cavity; the number of first solenoid valves is several, and the several first solenoid valves are equidistantly arranged at the front and rear sides of the bottom of the inner cavity of the oil storage cavity along the left and right directions, and the first solenoid valves extend into the inner cavity of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer; the heat dissipation mechanism is arranged in the inner cavity of the heat dissipation cavity; the liquid level monitoring mechanism is arranged on the left side of the top of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer; the first plug is detachably adapted to be plugged into the inner cavity of the refueling hole; the second plug is detachably adapted to be plugged into the inner cavity of the overflow hole.

[0005] Preferably, the heat dissipation mechanism includes: a first gear, which is sleeved on the outer wall of the input shaft of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer and locked by a top screw, and the first gear is located in the inner cavity of the heat dissipation cavity; the left and right sides of the oil pump are respectively locked at the left and right bottom ends of the inner cavity of the heat dissipation cavity by screws; the second gear is sleeved on the power shaft of the oil pump and locked by a top screw, and the first gear and the second gear are meshed; one end of the oil pipe is arranged at the oil inlet of the oil pump, and the other end of the oil pipe extends into the left bottom end of the inner cavity of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer; one end of the heat dissipation pipe is arranged at the oil outlet of the oil pump, and the other end of the heat dissipation pipe extends into the left top end of the inner cavity of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer; the number of blades is several, and the several blades are respectively and equidistantly arranged on the outer wall of the input shaft of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer along the circumferential direction, the blades are located in the inner cavity of the heat dissipation cavity, and the position of the blades corresponds to the position of the heat dissipation pipe.

[0006] Furthermore, in order to automatically add lubricating oil to the inner cavity of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer when the liquid level drops, the liquid level monitoring mechanism includes: a limit rod, two limit rods, the two limit rods are respectively arranged at the front and rear ends of the left side of the top of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer, and the bottom ends of the two limit rods are adapted to slide and extend into the inner cavity of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer; a counterweight float, the counterweight float is arranged at the bottom end of the limit rod; the front and rear sides of the bottom end of the pressure plate are respectively arranged at the top of the two limit rods; a positioning cylinder is arranged on the left side of the top of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer, the positioning cylinder is located below the pressure plate, the limiting groove is located in the inner cavity of the positioning cylinder, and a plurality of slots are opened at equal distances along the circumferential direction on the upper and lower sides of the inner wall of the positioning cylinder; a lower pressure seat It can be slidably adapted and inserted into the inner cavity of the positioning cylinder, and the bottom end of the lower pressure seat can be slidably adapted and inserted into the inner cavity of the limiting groove. The top of the lower pressure seat is in contact with the bottom end of the pressure plate, and the outer wall of the lower pressure seat is provided with a plurality of extrusion grooves equidistantly along the circumference, and the plurality of extrusion grooves respectively correspond to the plurality of card slots located above; the spring is embedded in the inner cavity of the extrusion groove, and one end of the spring is carded to the inner wall of the extrusion groove; a part of the card ball can be slidably embedded in the inner cavity of the extrusion groove, and the other part of the card ball is adapted to extend into the inner cavity of the card slot corresponding to its position, and the other end of the spring is carded to the outer wall of the card ball; the third contact is arranged at the bottom end of the lower pressure seat; the fourth contact is arranged at the bottom end of the inner cavity of the limiting groove, and the fourth contact is electrically connected to the first solenoid valve.

[0007] Furthermore, the distance between the slots on the upper and lower sides of the inner wall of the positioning tube is equal to the distance between the bottom end of the third contact and the top end of the fourth contact.

[0008] Furthermore, the length of the card ball extending into the inner cavity of the card slot is smaller than its radius.

[0009] Furthermore, in order to promote the resetting of the lower pressure seat, the liquid level monitoring mechanism also includes: a first contact, which is arranged in the middle of the top end of the pressure plate; a support frame is arranged on the left side of the top end of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer, and the position of the support frame corresponds to the position of the pressure plate; the second contact is arranged in the middle of the bottom end of the support frame, and the position of the second contact corresponds to the position of the first contact; a permanent magnet is arranged at the bottom end of the lower pressure seat; an electromagnet is arranged at the bottom end of the inner cavity of the positioning cylinder, and the position of the permanent magnet corresponds to the position of the electromagnet, the distance from the bottom end of the permanent magnet to the top end of the electromagnet is equal to the distance between the bottom end of the third contact and the top end of the fourth contact, and the permanent magnet and the first contact are electrically connected.

[0010] Furthermore, a dust cover is arranged on the left side of the top end of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer, and the support frame is located in the inner cavity of the dust cover.

[0011] Furthermore, a connecting pipe is provided at the top right side of the inner cavity of the oil storage cavity, and the bottom end of the connecting pipe extends into the top of the inner cavity of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer. The position of the top of the connecting pipe is higher than the position of the overflow hole. A second solenoid valve is provided on the outer wall of the connecting pipe, and the second solenoid valve and the fourth contact are electrically connected.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) The present invention stores lubricating oil through an oil storage chamber. When the multi-stage planetary gear reducer is working, the input shaft of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer rotates, which can drive the blades and the first gear to rotate, so that the power shaft of the oil pump can be driven to rotate through the cooperation between the first gear and the second gear, thereby prompting the oil pump to work, extracting the lubricating oil at the bottom end of the inner cavity of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer, and transporting it back to the top end of the inner cavity of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer through the heat dissipation pipe. When the lubricating oil in the inner cavity of the heat dissipation pipe flows, it can be cooled and dissipated by the rotating blades, thereby reducing the influence of high temperature on the lubricating oil.

[0013] (2) The present invention can monitor the liquid level of the lubricating oil in the inner cavity of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer through the cooperation between the counterweight float and the limit rod. When the lubricating oil in the inner cavity of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer drops to the limit value, the counterweight float will drive the limit rod and the pressure plate to move downward under the factor of gravity, so that the pressure plate can be used to press the lower pressure plate to move downward until the third contact point and the fourth contact point are in contact, and the position of the lower pressure seat is fixed by the cooperation between the card ball and the card groove. At this time, the first solenoid valve and the second solenoid valve are opened, so that the inner cavity of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer and the inner cavity of the oil storage cavity are connected, and the inner cavity of the oil storage cavity is filled with liquid. The lubricating oil flows into the inner cavity of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer through the first solenoid valve, so that the lubricating oil can be added to the inner cavity of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer. As the lubricating oil in the inner cavity of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer increases, the buoyancy can prompt the counterweight float to drive the limit rod and the pressure plate to move upward until the first contact and the second contact are in contact, and the electromagnet is started. The lower pressure seat can be pushed back to the initial position by the repulsion between the electromagnet and the permanent magnet, the third contact and the fourth contact are separated, and the first solenoid valve and the second solenoid valve are closed, thereby stopping the addition of lubricating oil to the inner cavity of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer.

[0014] (3) The present invention can realize intelligent monitoring and automatic adjustment of lubricating oil, effectively avoid lubrication failure caused by reduction of lubricating oil and increase of temperature, significantly improve the operating stability, durability and transmission efficiency of the reducer, and reduce manual maintenance costs, thus opening up a new path for the efficient development of multi-stage planetary gear reducers. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings required for describing the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other accompanying drawings can be obtained based on these accompanying drawings without paying creative work.

[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 It is an exploded view of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the heat dissipation mechanism.

[0019] Figure 4 It is a right side cross-sectional view of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 5 It is a structural diagram of the counterweight float.

[0021] Figure 6 for Figure 3 Enlarged view of point A.

[0022] Figure 7 for Figure 3 Enlarged view of point B.

[0023] Figure 8 for Figure 3 Enlarged view of point C.

[0024] Fig. 9 for Figure 4 Enlarged view of point D.

[0025] Fig.10 for Figure 4 Enlarged view of point E.

[0026] The components represented by the reference numerals in the figure are as follows: 1. multi-stage planetary gear reducer; 2. oil storage chamber; 3. heat dissipation chamber; 4. multi-stage planetary gear reducer input shaft; 5. first solenoid valve; 6. connecting pipe; 7. second solenoid valve; 8. heat dissipation mechanism; 81. first gear; 82. oil pump; 83. second gear; 84. oil pipe; 85. heat dissipation pipe; 86. blade; 9. liquid level monitoring mechanism; 91. limit rod; 92. counterweight float; 93. Pressing plate; 94. First contact; 95. Support frame; 96. Second contact; 97. Positioning cylinder; 98. Card slot; 99. Lower pressing seat; 910. Extrusion slot; 911. Spring; 912. Card ball; 913. Permanent magnet; 914. Third contact; 915. Electromagnet; 916. Fourth contact; 10. Dust cover; 11. Oil filling hole; 12. First plug; 13. Overflow hole; 14. Second plug; 15. Limiting slot. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0029] Reference Figure 1-Figure 10A multi-stage planetary gear reducer with adaptive lubrication, comprising: a multi-stage planetary gear reducer 1, an oil storage chamber 2, a heat dissipation chamber 3, a multi-stage planetary gear reducer input shaft 4, a first solenoid valve 5, a connecting pipe 6, a second solenoid valve 7, a heat dissipation mechanism 8, a liquid level monitoring mechanism 9, a dust cover 10, a refueling hole 11, a first plug 12, an overflow hole 13, a second plug 14 and a limit groove 15, the top of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer 1 is provided with an oil storage chamber 2, the left side of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer 1 is provided with a heat dissipation chamber 3, the top of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer 1 is provided with a refueling hole 11 connected to the inner cavity of the oil storage chamber 2, and the top of the rear side of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer 1 is provided with an overflow hole connected to the inner cavity of the oil storage chamber 2 13. A limiting groove 15 is provided on the left side of the top of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer 1. The multi-stage planetary gear reducer 1 is a prior art and will not be described in detail herein. The multi-stage planetary gear reducer input shaft 4 is rotatably arranged in the middle of the inner cavity of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer 1. The left end of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer input shaft 4 is rotatably extended out of the left side of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer 1. The multi-stage planetary gear reducer input shaft 4 passes through the inner cavity of the heat dissipation cavity 3. The multi-stage planetary gear reducer input shaft 4 is a prior art and will not be described in detail herein. The multi-stage planetary gear reducer input shaft 4 is used to connect with the motor. The number of the first solenoid valves 5 is several, and the several first solenoid valves 5 are respectively arranged in the oil storage cavity equidistantly along the left and right directions. 2, the first solenoid valve 5 extends into the inner cavity of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer 1 on both sides of the front and rear ends of the inner cavity bottom end. The first solenoid valve 5 is a prior art and will not be described in detail herein. The first solenoid valve 5 is used here to control the delivery of lubricating oil to the inner cavity of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer 1. The heat dissipation mechanism 8 is arranged in the inner cavity of the heat dissipation cavity 3. The heat dissipation mechanism 8 is used to dissipate the lubricating oil in the inner cavity of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer 1. The liquid level monitoring mechanism 9 is arranged on the left side of the top end of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer 1. The liquid level monitoring mechanism 9 is used to monitor the liquid level height of the lubricating oil in the inner cavity of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer 1. The first plug 12 is detachably adapted to be plugged into the inner cavity of the refueling hole 11. The first plug 12 is used to block the inner cavity of the refueling hole 11. The second plug 14 is detachably adapted to be plugged into the inner cavity of the overflow hole 13. The second plug 14 is used to block the inner cavity of the overflow hole 13. The dust cover 10 is arranged on the left side of the top of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer 1. The dust cover 10 is used to block dust. The connecting pipe 6 is arranged at the top right of the inner cavity of the oil storage chamber 2. The bottom end of the connecting pipe 6 extends into the top of the inner cavity of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer 1. The position of the top of the connecting pipe 6 is higher than the position of the overflow hole 13. The connecting pipe 6 is used to promote the communication between the inner cavity of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer 1 and the inner cavity of the oil storage chamber 2. The second solenoid valve 7 is arranged on the outer wall of the connecting pipe 6. The second solenoid valve 7 is the prior art and is used here to control the communication between the inner cavity of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer 1 and the inner cavity of the oil storage chamber 2.

[0030] Specifically, the heat dissipation mechanism 8 includes: a first gear 81, an oil pump 82, a second gear 83, an oil pipe 84, a heat dissipation pipe 85 and a blade 86. The first gear 81 is sleeved on the outer wall of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer input shaft 4 and is locked by a top screw. The first gear 81 is located in the inner cavity of the heat dissipation cavity 3. The left and right sides of the oil pump 82 are respectively locked at the bottom ends of the left and right sides of the inner cavity of the heat dissipation cavity 3 by screws. The oil pump 82 is a prior art and will not be described in detail here. The oil pump 82 is used here to extract the lubricating oil in the inner cavity of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer 1 and transport it back to the top of the inner cavity of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer 1. The second gear 83 is sleeved on the power shaft of the oil pump 82 ... The gear 81 is meshed with the second gear 83, one end of the oil pipe 84 is arranged at the oil inlet of the oil pump 82, and the other end of the oil pipe 84 extends into the bottom left end of the inner cavity of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer 1, one end of the heat dissipation pipe 85 is arranged at the oil outlet of the oil pump 82, and the other end of the heat dissipation pipe 85 extends into the top left end of the inner cavity of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer 1, and the number of blades 86 is several, and the several blades 86 are respectively arranged on the outer wall of the input shaft 4 of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer at equal intervals along the circumferential direction, and the blades 86 are located in the inner cavity of the heat dissipation cavity 3, and the position of the blades 86 corresponds to the position of the heat dissipation pipe 85, and the wind force generated by the rotation of the blades 86 can dissipate the lubricating oil in the inner cavity of the heat dissipation pipe 85.

[0031] Specifically, the liquid level monitoring mechanism 9 includes: a limit rod 91, a counterweight float 92, a pressure plate 93, a first contact 94, a support frame 95, a second contact 96, a positioning cylinder 97, a slot 98, a lower pressure seat 99, an extrusion slot 910, a spring 911, a card ball 912, a permanent magnet 913, a third contact 914, an electromagnet 915 and a fourth contact 916. The number of the limit rods 91 is two, and the two limit rods 91 are respectively arranged at the front and rear ends of the left side of the top of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer 1. The bottom ends of the two limit rods 91 are adapted to extend slidably into the inner cavity of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer 1. The counterweight float 92 is arranged at the bottom end of the limit rod 91, and the front and rear sides of the bottom end of the pressure plate 93 are respectively arranged at the top of the two limit rods 91. The pressure plate 93 is used When pressing the lower press seat 99 to move downward, the positioning cylinder 97 is arranged on the left side of the top end of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer 1, the positioning cylinder 97 is located below the pressure plate 93, the limiting groove 15 is located in the inner cavity of the positioning cylinder 97, and the upper and lower sides of the inner wall of the positioning cylinder 97 are provided with a plurality of slots 98 equidistantly along the circumferential direction, the positioning cylinder 97 is used to fix the lower press seat 99, the lower press seat 99 can be slidably adapted to be inserted into the inner cavity of the positioning cylinder 97, the bottom end of the lower press seat 99 can be slidably adapted to be inserted into the inner cavity of the limiting groove 15, the top end of the lower press seat 99 is in contact with the bottom end of the pressure plate 93, the outer wall of the lower press seat 99 is provided with a plurality of extrusion grooves 910 equidistantly along the circumferential direction, and the plurality of extrusion grooves 910 respectively correspond to the plurality of slots 98 located above, and the lower press seat 99 is used to drive the third contact Point 914 moves up and down, spring 911 is embedded in the inner cavity of the extrusion groove 910, one end of the spring 911 is clamped on the inner wall of the extrusion groove 910, the spring 911 is a rotation spring, which is elastically deformed after being squeezed or stretched by external force, and returns to its initial state after the external force is removed. The spring 911 is used here to push the card ball 912 into the inner cavity of the card groove 98, a part of the card ball 912 is slidably embedded in the inner cavity of the extrusion groove 910, and the other part of the card ball 912 is adapted to extend into the inner cavity of the card groove 98 corresponding to its position, and the other end of the spring 911 is clamped on the outer wall of the card ball 912, and the position of the lower pressure seat 99 can be fixed by the cooperation between the card ball 912 and the card groove 98, and the length of the card ball 912 extending into the inner cavity of the card groove 98 is less than The radius of the lower pressing seat 99 is ensured to be able to move up and down. The third contact 914 is arranged at the bottom end of the lower pressing seat 99. The fourth contact 916 is arranged at the bottom end of the inner cavity of the limiting groove 15. The fourth contact 916 is electrically connected to the first solenoid valve 5 and the second solenoid valve 7. The distance between the card slots 98 located on the upper and lower sides of the inner wall of the positioning cylinder 97 is equal to the distance between the bottom end of the third contact 914 and the top end of the fourth contact 916. It is ensured that when the third contact 914 and the fourth contact 916 are in contact, the card ball 912 can be inserted into the inner cavity of the card slot 98 located below. The first contact 94 is arranged at the middle of the top end of the pressure plate 93. The support frame 95 is arranged on the left side of the top end of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer 1. The position of the support frame 95 corresponds to the position of the pressure plate 93.The support frame 95 is located in the inner cavity of the dust cover 10, and the second contact 96 is arranged at the middle of the bottom end of the support frame 95. The position of the second contact 96 corresponds to the position of the first contact 94. The permanent magnet 913 is arranged at the bottom end of the lower pressure seat 99, and the electromagnet 915 is arranged at the bottom end of the inner cavity of the positioning cylinder 97. The position of the permanent magnet 913 corresponds to the position of the electromagnet 915. The distance from the bottom end of the permanent magnet 913 to the top end of the electromagnet 915 is equal to the distance from the bottom end of the third contact 914 to the top end of the fourth contact 916. The permanent magnet 913 and the first contact 94 are electrically connected. The electromagnet 915 is a prior art and will not be described in detail here. When the electromagnet 915 is energized, it can repel the same polarity as the permanent magnet 913, thereby pushing the lower pressure seat 99 to move upward.

[0032] Step 1, connect the third contact 914 and the second contact 96 to the power supply. Since there is no lubricating oil in the inner cavity of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer 1 at this time, the limit rod 91 can pull the pressure plate 93 downward under the gravity of the counterweight float 92, so that the pressure plate 93 presses the lower pressure seat 99 downward, and the inner wall of the card slot 98 is used to squeeze the card ball 912 to move toward the inner cavity of the extrusion slot 910, and squeeze the spring 911 to elastically deform until the card ball 912 completely leaves the inner cavity of the card slot 98, and the lower pressure seat 99 moves to the third contact 914 and the fourth contact 916. At this time, the card ball 912 moves to the card slot 98 located below, and the spring 91 1, the card ball 912 can be pushed to move to the inner cavity of the card slot 98 corresponding to its current position under the elastic force of the card ball 912, which is used to fix the position of the lower pressure seat 99. The third contact 914 and the fourth contact 916 are in contact, which can cause the circuit to be connected, and the first solenoid valve 5 and the second solenoid valve 7 are opened, and the first plug 12 is pulled out from the inner cavity of the filling hole 11, and the second plug 14 is pulled out from the inner cavity of the overflow hole 13. The collecting basin is taken and placed under the overflow hole 13, and the lubricating oil is transported to the inner cavity of the oil storage chamber 2 through the filling hole 11. The lubricating oil flowing into the inner cavity of the oil storage chamber 2 can flow into the multi-stage planetary gear reducer 1 through the first solenoid valve 5 under the action of gravity. In the inner cavity, as the lubricating oil is added, the liquid level of the lubricating oil in the inner cavity of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer 1 gradually increases, so that the counterweight float 92 can drive the pressure plate 93 to move upward through the limit rod 91 under the action of buoyancy until it moves to the first contact 94 and the second contact 96. At this time, the electromagnet 915 is energized to generate magnetism, and the electromagnet 915 and the permanent magnet 913 repel each other, which can push the lower pressure seat 99 to move upward until the card ball 912 moves to the upper card slot 98, so that the card ball 912 can be pushed to move to the inner cavity of the upper card slot 98 under the elastic force of the spring 911, which is used to control the lower pressure seat 99. The position is fixed, thereby causing the third contact 914 and the fourth contact 916 to separate, and the first solenoid valve 5 and the second solenoid valve 7 are closed, thereby causing the inner cavity of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer 1 and the inner cavity of the oil storage cavity 2 to be disconnected, and continuing to add lubricating oil through the filling hole 11 can cause the lubricating oil to be stored in the inner cavity of the oil storage cavity 2 until the liquid level of the lubricating oil in the inner cavity of the oil storage cavity 2 reaches the overflow hole 13, and continuing to add lubricating oil can cause the lubricating oil to flow out through the overflow hole 13 and flow into the collection basin. At this time, stop adding lubricating oil, insert the first plug 12 into the inner cavity of the filling hole 11, and insert the second plug 14 into the inner cavity of the overflow hole 13; Step 2, the multi-stage planetary gear reducer input shaft 4 can be connected to an external power source, and the external power source can be used to drive the multi-stage planetary gear reducer input shaft 4 to rotate, so as to prompt the multi-stage planetary gear reducer 1 to work. The rotation of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer input shaft 4 can drive the first gear 81 and the blade 86 to rotate. The rotation of the first gear 81 can drive the power shaft of the oil pump 82 to rotate through the second gear 83, thereby prompting the oil pump 82 to work, and the lubricating oil at the bottom end of the inner cavity of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer 1 is extracted through the oil pipe 84 and transported to the inner cavity of the heat dissipation pipe 85. The rotating blades 86 can be used to cool the lubricating oil in the inner cavity of the heat dissipation pipe 85. The cooled lubricating oil flows back to the top of the inner cavity of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer 1, thereby achieving the cooling of the lubricating oil, and preventing the temperature of the lubricating oil from being too high when the multi-stage planetary gear reducer 1 is working, thereby affecting the lubrication effect; Step 3, when the lubricating oil in the inner cavity of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer 1 decreases, the liquid level of the lubricating oil in the inner cavity of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer 1 will drop, thereby prompting the counterweight float 92 to move downward through the limit rod 91 pressure plate 93, until the pressure plate 93 presses the lower pressure seat 99 to move downward until the third contact 914 and the fourth contact 916 are in contact. At this time, the first solenoid valve 5 and the second solenoid valve 7 are opened to promote the communication between the inner cavity of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer 1 and the inner cavity of the oil storage chamber 2, and the lubricating oil in the inner cavity of the oil storage chamber 2 flows into the inner cavity of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer 1 through the first solenoid valve 5, thereby promoting the multi-stage planetary gear reducer 1. The liquid level of the lubricating oil in the inner cavity of the gear reducer 1 rises, thereby driving the pressure plate 93 to move upward through the counterweight float 92 and the limit rod 91 until the first contact 94 and the second contact 96 contact. At this time, the electromagnet 915 is energized, and the lower pressure seat 99 can be pushed to return to the initial position under the action of the like-charge repulsion between the electromagnet 915 and the permanent magnet 913, so that the third contact 914 and the fourth contact 916 are separated, and then the first solenoid valve 5 and the second solenoid valve 7 are closed, and the inner cavity of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer 1 and the inner cavity of the oil storage cavity 2 are disconnected, thereby completing the automatic addition of lubricating oil in the inner cavity of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer 1.

[0033] In summary, the present invention can realize intelligent monitoring and automatic adjustment of lubricating oil, effectively avoid lubrication failure caused by reduction of lubricating oil and increase of temperature, significantly improve the operating stability, durability and transmission efficiency of the reducer, and reduce manual maintenance costs, thus opening up a new path for the efficient development of multi-stage planetary gear reducers.

[0034] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are only used to help illustrate the present invention. The preferred embodiments do not describe all the details in detail, nor do they limit the invention to specific implementation methods. Obviously, many modifications and changes can be made according to the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments in order to better explain the principles and practical applications of the present invention, so that those skilled in the art can well understand and use the present invention. The present invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A multi-stage planetary gear reducer with adaptive lubrication, characterized in that: include: A multi-stage planetary gear reducer (1), wherein an oil storage chamber (2) is provided at the top of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer (1), a heat dissipation chamber (3) is provided on the left side of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer (1), a refueling hole (11) connected to the inner cavity of the oil storage chamber (2) is provided at the top of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer (1), an overflow hole (13) connected to the inner cavity of the oil storage chamber (2) is provided at the top of the rear side of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer (1), and a limiting groove (15) is provided on the left side of the top of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer (1); A multi-stage planetary gear reducer input shaft (4), the multi-stage planetary gear reducer input shaft (4) being rotatably arranged in the middle of the inner cavity of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer (1), the left end of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer input shaft (4) being rotatably extended out of the left side of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer (1), and the multi-stage planetary gear reducer input shaft (4) passing through the inner cavity of the heat dissipation cavity (3); a first solenoid valve (5), wherein the number of the first solenoid valves (5) is plural, and the first solenoid valves (5) are equidistantly arranged at the front and rear sides of the bottom end of the inner cavity of the oil storage cavity (2) in the left-right direction, and the first solenoid valves (5) extend into the inner cavity of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer (1); A heat dissipation mechanism (8), wherein the heat dissipation mechanism (8) is arranged in the inner cavity of the heat dissipation cavity (3); A liquid level monitoring mechanism (9), the liquid level monitoring mechanism (9) being arranged on the left side of the top end of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer (1); A first plug (12), the first plug (12) being detachably adapted to be plugged into the inner cavity of the refueling hole (11); A second plug (14), the second plug (14) is detachably adapted to be plugged into the inner cavity of the overflow hole (13).

2. The adaptive lubrication multi-stage planetary gear reducer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat dissipation mechanism (8) comprises: A first gear (81), the first gear (81) being sleeved on the outer wall of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer input shaft (4) and locked by a top screw, the first gear (81) being located in the inner cavity of the heat dissipation cavity (3); An oil pump (82), the left and right sides of the oil pump (82) being respectively screwed to the bottom ends of the left and right sides of the inner cavity of the heat dissipation cavity (3); a second gear (83), the second gear (83) being sleeved on a power shaft of the oil pump (82) and being locked by a jackscrew, the first gear (81) and the second gear (83) being meshed with each other; An oil pipe (84), one end of the oil pipe (84) being arranged at the oil inlet of the oil pump (82), and the other end of the oil pipe (84) extending into the left bottom end of the inner cavity of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer (1); A heat dissipation pipe (85), one end of the heat dissipation pipe (85) being arranged at the oil outlet of the oil pump (82), and the other end of the heat dissipation pipe (85) extending into the left top end of the inner cavity of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer (1); Blades (86), the number of the blades (86) is a plurality, the plurality of blades (86) are respectively arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction on the outer wall of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer input shaft (4), the blades (86) are located in the inner cavity of the heat dissipation cavity (3), and the position of the blades (86) corresponds to the position of the heat dissipation pipe (85).

3. The adaptive lubrication multi-stage planetary gear reducer according to claim 2, characterized in that: The liquid level monitoring mechanism (9) comprises: Limit rods (91), the number of the limit rods (91) being two, the two limit rods (91) being respectively arranged at the front and rear ends of the left side of the top end of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer (1), the bottom ends of the two limit rods (91) being adapted to slidably extend into the inner cavity of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer (1); A counterweight floating ball (92), wherein the counterweight floating ball (92) is arranged at the bottom end of the limiting rod (91); A pressing plate (93), wherein the front and rear sides of the bottom end of the pressing plate (93) are respectively arranged at the top ends of the two limiting rods (91); A positioning cylinder (97), the positioning cylinder (97) being arranged on the left side of the top end of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer (1), the positioning cylinder (97) being located below the pressure plate (93), the limiting groove (15) being located in the inner cavity of the positioning cylinder (97), and a plurality of slots (98) being provided at equal intervals along the circumferential direction on both upper and lower sides of the inner wall of the positioning cylinder (97); A lower pressing seat (99), the lower pressing seat (99) can be slidably adapted to be inserted into the inner cavity of the positioning cylinder (97), the bottom end of the lower pressing seat (99) can be slidably adapted to be inserted into the inner cavity of the limiting groove (15), the top end of the lower pressing seat (99) is in contact with the bottom end of the pressing plate (93), and the outer wall of the lower pressing seat (99) is provided with a plurality of extrusion grooves (910) at equal intervals along the circumferential direction, and the plurality of extrusion grooves (910) respectively correspond to a plurality of card slots (98) located above; A spring (911), wherein the spring (911) is embedded in the inner cavity of the extrusion groove (910), and one end of the spring (911) is clamped to the inner wall of the extrusion groove (910); A locking ball (912), a portion of which is slidably embedded in the inner cavity of the extrusion groove (910), another portion of which is adapted to extend into the inner cavity of the locking groove (98) corresponding to its position, and the other end of the spring (911) is locked to the outer wall of the locking ball (912); A third contact point (914), the third contact point (914) being arranged at the bottom end of the lower pressing seat (99); A fourth contact (916), wherein the fourth contact (916) is arranged at the bottom end of the inner cavity of the limiting groove (15), and the fourth contact (916) and the first solenoid valve (5) are electrically connected.

4. The adaptive lubrication multi-stage planetary gear reducer according to claim 3, characterized in that: The distance between the slots (98) located on the upper and lower sides of the inner wall of the positioning cylinder (97) is equal to the distance between the bottom end of the third contact point (914) and the top end of the fourth contact point (916).

5. The adaptive lubrication multi-stage planetary gear reducer according to claim 4, characterized in that: The length of the locking ball (912) extending into the inner cavity of the locking groove (98) is less than its radius.

6. The adaptive lubrication multi-stage planetary gear reducer according to claim 5, characterized in that: The liquid level monitoring mechanism (9) further comprises: A first contact point (94), the first contact point (94) being arranged at the middle of the top end of the pressing plate (93); A support frame (95), the support frame (95) being arranged on the left side of the top end of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer (1), and the position of the support frame (95) corresponding to the position of the pressing plate (93); a second contact point (96), the second contact point (96) being arranged at the middle of the bottom end of the support frame (95), the position of the second contact point (96) corresponding to the position of the first contact point (94); A permanent magnet (913), wherein the permanent magnet (913) is arranged at the bottom end of the lower pressing seat (99); An electromagnet (915), wherein the electromagnet (915) is arranged at the bottom end of the inner cavity of the positioning tube (97), the position of the permanent magnet (913) corresponds to the position of the electromagnet (915), the distance from the bottom end of the permanent magnet (913) to the top end of the electromagnet (915) is equal to the distance from the bottom end of the third contact (914) to the top end of the fourth contact (916), and the permanent magnet (913) and the first contact (94) are electrically connected.

7. The adaptive lubrication multi-stage planetary gear reducer according to claim 6, characterized in that: A dust cover (10) is provided on the left side of the top end of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer (1), and the support frame (95) is located in the inner cavity of the dust cover (10).

8. The adaptive lubrication multi-stage planetary gear reducer according to claim 7, characterized in that: A connecting pipe (6) is provided at the top right side of the inner cavity of the oil storage cavity (2), the bottom end of the connecting pipe (6) extends into the top end of the inner cavity of the multi-stage planetary gear reducer (1), the top end of the connecting pipe (6) is located higher than the overflow hole (13), and a second solenoid valve (7) is provided on the outer wall of the connecting pipe (6), and the second solenoid valve (7) and the fourth contact (916) are electrically connected.

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