Method and system for monitoring deformation of steel beam and steel arch

Abstract

The invention discloses a steel beam and steel arch deformation monitoring method and system, and relates to the technical field of deformation monitoring. Carrying out overall modeling analysis on the steel beam and the steel arch structure by using finite element software, determining a final unloading scheme, and monitoring deformation and stress conditions of the steel beam and the steel arch structure in the unloading process; in the unloading process, deformation and stress data of the structure are collected in real time through observation points, a stress and deformation time history curve of the structure in the unloading process is established, and deformation and stress change rules of the structure are obtained; comparing and analyzing a stress and deformation time history curve of the monitoring result with a construction simulation theoretical calculation value of a final unloading scheme; and performing early warning according to the comparison and analysis result. Finite element modeling, real-time monitoring and safety early warning are organically combined together, real-time monitoring of structural deformation is effectively improved, measures are taken in time to guarantee engineering safety, and comprehensive monitoring and safety evaluation of structural deformation of the steel beam and the steel arch are guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of deformation monitoring, and more particularly to a method and system for monitoring deformation of a steel beam or a steel arch. Background Art

[0002] Bridges are important transportation facilities that carry vehicles and pedestrians. Steel beams and steel arches are the components that bear the main load in bridge structures. Especially during the unloading process, the bridge structure may be subjected to stress and deformation in different directions, which may cause deformation, displacement or stress concentration of the structure. By monitoring the deformation of steel beams and steel arches, structural deformation and displacement can be discovered in time, potential structural damage or instability can be prevented, and construction safety during the unloading process can be ensured.

[0003] Traditional deformation monitoring methods include using measuring instruments (such as rangefinders, levels, etc.) for fixed-point measurements. These methods require manual operation, have low measurement efficiency, and cannot monitor deformation in real time. Laser ranging technology can achieve high-precision non-contact ranging, which is suitable for measuring the deformation and displacement of bridge structures. However, it is limited by the ranging distance and cannot cover the entire bridge structure.

[0004] Therefore, how to provide a steel beam and steel arch deformation monitoring method and system to improve the measurement accuracy of the deformation of steel beam and steel arch structures, expand the monitoring coverage, and promptly detect abnormal situations and take measures is an urgent problem that technical personnel in this field need to solve. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a method and system for monitoring the deformation of steel beams and steel arches, which improves the measurement accuracy of the deformation of steel beams and steel arch structures, expands the monitoring coverage, and covers the global monitoring of the entire bridge structure; it can realize real-time monitoring, detect abnormal situations in time and take measures.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a method for monitoring deformation of a steel beam or steel arch, comprising:

[0007] Finite element software is used to conduct overall modeling and analysis of steel beams and steel arch structures to obtain construction simulation results. Considering factors such as the structural geometry, material properties, and load conditions, construction simulation is conducted to obtain theoretical calculation values ​​of the stress and deformation of the structure during unloading.

[0008] According to the construction simulation results, the final unloading plan is determined, and observation points are arranged on the steel beams and steel arch structures to monitor the deformation and stress of the steel beams and steel arch structures during the unloading process;

[0009] During the unloading process, the deformation and stress data of the structure are collected in real time through the observation points, the monitoring data are recorded and real-time monitoring is carried out;

[0010] According to the monitoring data, the stress and deformation time history curve of the structure during the unloading process is established, and the monitoring data is sorted and analyzed to obtain the deformation and stress change law of the structure;

[0011] Compare and analyze the stress and deformation time history curves of the monitoring results with the theoretical calculation values ​​of the construction simulation of the final unloading solution;

[0012] Early warning is issued based on the comparative analysis results. When abnormal deformation of steel beams and steel arches is detected, an alarm is issued in time, and the cause of the abnormal situation is analyzed so that timely measures can be taken to deal with it and ensure the safety of the project.

[0013] The present invention organically combines finite element modeling, real-time monitoring and safety warning, effectively improves the real-time monitoring of structural deformation, and takes timely measures to ensure the safety of the project, so as to ensure comprehensive monitoring and safety assessment of the deformation of steel beams and steel arch structures.

[0014] Preferably, finite element software is used to perform overall modeling analysis on the steel beam and steel arch structure, including:

[0015] Calculate the deflection of steel beams and steel arches through BIM software, determine the initial data of steel beams and steel arches before unloading, verify the deflection of steel beams and steel arches during construction and compare it with the pre-arching, and compare the deflection after loading after construction with the design control deflection requirements;

[0016] Use the MIDAS finite element analysis plug-in to monitor the displacement of the deformation observation point;

[0017] Manually or automatically lay out steel beams and steel arches in the model, conduct overall analysis of the steel beam and steel arch structure, and calculate the structural prestress of each node of the overall structure through BIM software;

[0018] Finally, the BIM model is used to virtually add the construction site environment to complete the entire construction simulation.

[0019] Preferably, the unloading process is carried out according to the principle of balanced slowness;

[0020] First, the temporary arch rib supports on the bridge deck are unloaded; the temporary supports are unloaded in sequence from the mid-span to both ends;

[0021] The temporary support unloading operation is mainly carried out by cutting the tire frame template into strips, with the height of each cut △H (the amount of each cut is controlled at 5-10mm), until a certain step of cutting is completed and the structure no longer produces downward displacement, and the support is removed.

[0022] Monitor the displacement of the deformation control point during support unloading. If a large deviation occurs, stop immediately.

[0023] The unloading process is achieved by coordinating and balancing the stress and deformation of structural components, making the change process gentle, allowing the structure to drop slightly over multiple cycles, and facilitating on-site construction operations. The principle of unloading first is followed at the position with the maximum final deformation of the structure.

[0024] In order to make the stress of the steel bridge close to the original design state, the temporary supports on the bridge deck are unloaded before the steel arch hangers are tensioned, and the steel beams are unloaded after the prestressing of the tie beams is completed;

[0025] Preferably, the monitoring frequency is not less than the unloading speed, and the minimum monitoring frequency is 60 seconds / time; during the monitoring process, stress monitoring and deformation monitoring are synchronized, and the observation points are arranged on the top plate at the joint position of the tie beam segment, and deformation monitoring is performed on the steel box girder bridge deck and the steel arch above the bridge deck at the same time. After unloading is completed, monitoring is continued for 72 hours.

[0026] The observation points are set according to the joint positions of the tie beam sections, so as to accurately obtain the deformation of the tie beam, thereby understanding the bearing capacity and stability of the tie beam, and avoiding deformation of the tie beam during construction, which may endanger the personal safety of workers.

[0027] Preferably, a measuring reflector is pasted on one side of the steel arch to observe the deformation of the steel arch and improve the monitoring accuracy. Because the steel arch is high, it is inconvenient for construction workers to place the prism up and down, so a measuring reflector can be pasted on one side of the steel arch in advance during the construction of the steel arch.

[0028] Preferably, a temperature sensor is installed to monitor the temperature of the entire bridge, and the temperature changes of the bridge are monitored regularly to promptly detect abnormal conditions and take maintenance measures, such as reinforcement and repair. At the same time, temperature compensation measures are taken, expansion devices are set, and the thermal expansion coefficient of structural materials is adjusted.

[0029] Preferably, an early warning is issued based on the comparative analysis results, including:

[0030] Set structural displacement, stress and strain as early warning indicators;

[0031] According to the comparative analysis results, the status of steel beams and steel arch structures is divided into four different warning levels: normal, first-level warning, second-level warning and third-level warning;

[0032] Take appropriate warning measures in a timely manner according to the warning level and warning indicators.

[0033] Discover structural abnormalities in a timely manner and take appropriate measures to ensure the safe operation and use of the structure.

[0034] Preferably, according to the preset first safety threshold and the second safety threshold, when the monitoring data is less than the first safety threshold, the state of the steel beam and the steel arch structure is normal;

[0035] When the monitoring data is greater than or equal to the first safety threshold and less than the second safety threshold, a first-level warning is issued to remind relevant personnel to take emergency measures and strengthen monitoring;

[0036] When the monitoring data is greater than or equal to the second safety threshold, a second-level warning is issued, construction is stopped immediately and emergency response measures are taken.

[0037] The first safety threshold is set to when the structural displacement, stress or strain exceeds 5% of the theoretical calculation value of the construction simulation; the second safety threshold is set to when the structural displacement, stress or strain exceeds 10% of the theoretical calculation value of the construction simulation.

[0038] By comparing and analyzing the monitoring data and conducting graded early warning, the safety status of the structure can be assessed more accurately, and appropriate measures can be taken in time to ensure the safety of construction. Graded early warning can also improve the efficiency of emergency response, reduce the occurrence of safety accidents, and ensure the safety of the structure and construction personnel.

[0039] Preferably, a method and system for monitoring deformation of a steel beam or steel arch comprises:

[0040] The construction simulation module is used to use finite element software to conduct overall modeling and analysis of steel beams and steel arch structures to obtain construction simulation results;

[0041] The observation point arrangement module is used to determine the final unloading plan based on the construction simulation results, and arrange observation points on the steel beams and steel arch structures to monitor the deformation and stress of the steel beams and steel arch structures during the unloading process;

[0042] The construction monitoring module is used to collect the deformation and stress data of the structure in real time through observation points during the unloading process, record the monitoring data and conduct real-time monitoring;

[0043] The monitoring data sorting module is used to establish the stress and deformation time history curve of the structure during the unloading process according to the monitoring data, sort and analyze the monitoring data, and obtain the deformation and stress change law of the structure;

[0044] The comparative analysis module is used to compare and analyze the stress and deformation time history curves of the monitoring results with the theoretical calculation values ​​of the construction simulation of the final unloading solution;

[0045] The early warning module is used to issue early warnings based on the comparative analysis results.

[0046] Through the above technical scheme, it can be known that compared with the prior art, the present invention discloses a method and system for monitoring the deformation of steel beams and steel arches, using finite element software to perform overall modeling and analysis on steel beam and steel arch structures to obtain construction simulation results; considering the geometric shape, material properties, load conditions and other factors of the structure, construction simulation is performed to obtain the theoretical calculation values ​​of the stress and deformation of the structure during the unloading process. According to the construction simulation results, the final unloading scheme is determined, and observation points are arranged on the steel beam and steel arch structure to monitor the deformation and stress of the steel beam and steel arch structure during the unloading process; during the unloading process, the deformation and stress data of the structure are collected in real time through the observation points, and the monitoring data are recorded and monitored in real time; according to the monitoring data, the stress and deformation time history curve of the structure during the unloading process is established, and the monitoring data is sorted and analyzed to obtain the deformation and stress change law of the structure; the stress and deformation time history curve of the monitoring results is compared and analyzed with the theoretical calculation value of the construction simulation of the final unloading scheme; and an early warning is issued according to the comparison and analysis results. When abnormal deformation of the steel beam and steel arch is detected, an alarm is issued in time, and the cause of the abnormal situation is analyzed so that timely measures can be taken to deal with it and ensure the safety of the project. The present invention organically combines finite element modeling, real-time monitoring and safety warning, effectively improves the real-time monitoring of structural deformation, and takes timely measures to ensure the safety of the project, so as to ensure comprehensive monitoring and safety assessment of the deformation of steel beams and steel arch structures. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0047] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying creative work.

[0048] Figure 1 A schematic flow chart of a method for monitoring deformation of steel beams and steel arches provided by the present invention.

[0049] Figure 2 A structural schematic diagram of a steel beam and steel arch deformation monitoring system provided by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0051] The embodiment of the present invention discloses a method and system for monitoring the deformation of steel beams and steel arches, which organically combine finite element modeling, real-time monitoring and safety warning, effectively improve the real-time monitoring of structural deformation, and take timely measures to ensure the safety of the project, so as to ensure comprehensive monitoring and safety assessment of the deformation of steel beams and steel arch structures.

[0052] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, a method for monitoring deformation of a steel beam or steel arch is provided. Figure 1 As shown, including:

[0053] Finite element software is used to conduct overall modeling and analysis of steel beams and steel arch structures to obtain construction simulation results. Considering factors such as the structural geometry, material properties, and load conditions, construction simulation is conducted to obtain theoretical calculation values ​​of the stress and deformation of the structure during unloading.

[0054] According to the construction simulation results, the final unloading plan is determined, and observation points are arranged on the steel beams and steel arch structures to monitor the deformation and stress of the steel beams and steel arch structures during the unloading process;

[0055] During the unloading process, the deformation and stress data of the structure are collected in real time through the observation points, the monitoring data are recorded and real-time monitoring is carried out;

[0056] According to the monitoring data, the stress and deformation time history curve of the structure during the unloading process is established, and the monitoring data is sorted and analyzed to obtain the deformation and stress change law of the structure;

[0057] Compare and analyze the stress and deformation time history curves of the monitoring results with the theoretical calculation values ​​of the construction simulation of the final unloading solution;

[0058] Early warning is issued based on the comparative analysis results. When abnormal deformation of steel beams and steel arches is detected, an alarm is issued in time, and the cause of the abnormal situation is analyzed so that timely measures can be taken to deal with it and ensure the safety of the project.

[0059] The present invention organically combines finite element modeling, real-time monitoring and safety warning, effectively improves the real-time monitoring of structural deformation, and takes timely measures to ensure the safety of the project, so as to ensure comprehensive monitoring and safety assessment of the deformation of steel beams and steel arch structures.

[0060] Specifically, finite element software is used to conduct overall modeling and analysis of steel beams and steel arch structures, including:

[0061] Calculate the deflection of steel beams and steel arches through BIM software, determine the initial data of steel beams and steel arches before unloading, verify the deflection of steel beams and steel arches during construction and compare it with the pre-arching, and compare the deflection after loading after construction with the design control deflection requirements;

[0062] Use the MIDAS finite element analysis plug-in to monitor the displacement of the deformation observation point;

[0063] Manually or automatically lay out steel beams and steel arches in the model, conduct overall analysis of the steel beam and steel arch structure, and calculate the structural prestress of each node of the overall structure through BIM software;

[0064] Finally, the BIM model is used to virtually add the construction site environment to complete the entire construction simulation.

[0065] Specifically, the unloading process is performed according to the principle of balanced slowness;

[0066] First, the temporary arch rib supports on the bridge deck are unloaded; the temporary supports are unloaded in sequence from the mid-span to both ends;

[0067] The temporary support unloading operation is mainly carried out by cutting the tire frame template into strips, with the height of each cut △H (the amount of each cut is controlled at 5-10mm), until a certain step of cutting is completed and the structure no longer produces downward displacement, and the support is removed.

[0068] Monitor the displacement of the deformation control point during support unloading. If a large deviation occurs, stop immediately.

[0069] The unloading process is achieved by coordinating and balancing the stress and deformation of structural components, making the change process gentle, allowing the structure to drop slightly over multiple cycles, and facilitating on-site construction operations. The principle of unloading first is followed at the position with the maximum final deformation of the structure.

[0070] In order to make the stress of the steel bridge close to the original design state, the temporary supports on the bridge deck are unloaded before the steel arch hangers are tensioned, and the steel beams are unloaded after the prestressing of the tie beams is completed;

[0071] Specifically, the monitoring frequency is not less than the unloading speed, and the minimum monitoring frequency is 60 seconds / time. During the monitoring process, stress monitoring and deformation monitoring are synchronized. The observation points are arranged on the top plate of the tie beam segment joint position, with a total of 24 observation points. At the same time, deformation monitoring is carried out on the steel box girder bridge deck and the steel arch above the bridge deck. After unloading is completed, monitoring is continued for 72 hours.

[0072] Before the initial tensioning of the steel arch hanger, the temporary support of the steel arch on the bridge deck needs to be removed (i.e. unloaded). During the removal of the temporary support, the deformation monitoring of the steel arch above the bridge deck needs to be strengthened. In addition, during the removal of the temporary support under the steel box girder, in addition to monitoring the deformation of the steel box girder bridge deck, the deformation monitoring of the steel arch above the bridge deck is also required. 24 observation points are planned to be set up for the steel arch above the bridge deck.

[0073] The observation points are set according to the joint positions of the tie beam sections, so as to accurately obtain the deformation of the tie beam, thereby understanding the bearing capacity and stability of the tie beam, and avoiding deformation of the tie beam during construction, which may endanger the personal safety of workers.

[0074] Specifically, a measuring reflector is pasted on one side of the steel arch to observe the deformation of the steel arch and improve the monitoring accuracy. Because the steel arch is high, it is not convenient for construction workers to place the prism up and down, so a measuring reflector can be pasted on one side of the steel arch in advance during the construction of the steel arch.

[0075] Specifically, temperature sensors are installed to monitor the temperature of the entire bridge, and temperature changes of the bridge are monitored regularly to promptly detect abnormal conditions and take maintenance measures, such as reinforcement and repair. At the same time, temperature compensation measures are taken, expansion devices are set up, and the thermal expansion coefficient of structural materials is adjusted.

[0076] By installing temperature sensors at key locations of the bridge structure (such as the bridge deck, piers, etc.), temperature changes can be monitored in real time and temperature change curves can be established; the impact of temperature changes on the structure, including temperature gradients, thermal expansion, etc., can be analyzed.

[0077] Because temperature changes can cause the expansion and contraction of bridge structures, which in turn affects the stability and safety of the structure. By monitoring bridge temperature changes and analyzing their impact on the structure, timely measures can be taken to ensure the safety and stability of the bridge structure and reduce potential safety hazards.

[0078] Specifically, early warning is issued based on the comparative analysis results, including:

[0079] Set structural displacement, stress and strain as early warning indicators;

[0080] According to the comparative analysis results, the status of steel beams and steel arch structures is divided into four different warning levels: normal, first-level warning, second-level warning and third-level warning;

[0081] Take appropriate warning measures in a timely manner according to the warning level and warning indicators.

[0082] Discover structural abnormalities in a timely manner and take appropriate measures to ensure the safe operation and use of the structure.

[0083] Specifically, according to the preset first safety threshold and the second safety threshold, when the monitoring data is less than the first safety threshold, the state of the steel beam and the steel arch structure is normal;

[0084] When the monitoring data is greater than or equal to the first safety threshold and less than the second safety threshold, a first-level warning is issued to remind relevant personnel to take emergency measures and strengthen monitoring; reduce the frequency of use of the structure and restrict personnel from entering. Strengthen the structure and take necessary measures to reduce the stress on the structure. Emergency response plan: Activate the emergency plan and organize relevant personnel to conduct investigation and treatment.

[0085] Reserve emergency passages to ensure the safe evacuation of personnel.

[0086] When the monitoring data is greater than or equal to the second safety threshold, a second-level warning is issued. Stop construction immediately and take emergency response measures. Notify relevant departments and professionals to carry out emergency treatment and evacuate personnel; Emergency treatment plan: Immediately activate the emergency plan and comprehensively check the safety status of the structure. Coordinate rescue forces to ensure the safety of personnel and take necessary measures to prevent secondary disasters.

[0087] The first safety threshold is set to when the structural displacement, stress or strain exceeds 5% of the theoretical calculation value of the construction simulation; the second safety threshold is set to when the structural displacement, stress or strain exceeds 10% of the theoretical calculation value of the construction simulation.

[0088] By comparing and analyzing the monitoring data and conducting graded early warning, the safety status of the structure can be assessed more accurately, and appropriate measures can be taken in time to ensure the safety of construction. Graded early warning can also improve the efficiency of emergency response, reduce the occurrence of safety accidents, and ensure the safety of the structure and construction personnel.

[0089] When formulating early warning measures and emergency response plans, it is necessary to formulate corresponding measures based on the specific structural conditions and early warning indicators, and ensure that relevant personnel understand and implement them. In addition, regular drills and evaluations are conducted to continuously improve the early warning and emergency response mechanisms to improve the ability and efficiency of responding to emergencies.

[0090] In another specific embodiment of the present invention, a method and system for monitoring deformation of a steel beam or steel arch is provided. Figure 2 As shown, including:

[0091] The construction simulation module is used to use finite element software to conduct overall modeling and analysis of steel beams and steel arch structures to obtain construction simulation results;

[0092] The observation point arrangement module is used to determine the final unloading plan based on the construction simulation results, and arrange observation points on the steel beams and steel arch structures to monitor the deformation and stress of the steel beams and steel arch structures during the unloading process;

[0093] The construction monitoring module is used to collect the deformation and stress data of the structure in real time through observation points during the unloading process, record the monitoring data and conduct real-time monitoring;

[0094] The monitoring data sorting module is used to establish the stress and deformation time history curve of the structure during the unloading process according to the monitoring data, sort and analyze the monitoring data, and obtain the deformation and stress change law of the structure;

[0095] The comparative analysis module is used to compare and analyze the stress and deformation time history curves of the monitoring results with the theoretical calculation values ​​of the construction simulation of the final unloading solution;

[0096] The early warning module is used to issue early warnings based on the comparative analysis results.

[0097] In this specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other. For the device disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the method part.

[0098] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring deformation of steel beams and steel arches, characterized in that: include: Use finite element software to conduct overall modeling and analysis of steel beam and steel arch structures to obtain construction simulation results; According to the construction simulation results, the final unloading plan is determined, and observation points are arranged on the steel beams and steel arch structures to monitor the deformation and stress of the steel beams and steel arch structures during the unloading process; During the unloading process, the deformation and stress data of the structure are collected in real time through the observation points, the monitoring data are recorded and real-time monitoring is carried out; According to the monitoring data, the stress and deformation time history curve of the structure during the unloading process is established, and the monitoring data is sorted and analyzed to obtain the deformation and stress change law of the structure; Compare and analyze the stress and deformation time history curves of the monitoring results with the theoretical calculation values ​​of the construction simulation of the final unloading solution; Issue early warning based on the comparative analysis results.

2. A method for monitoring deformation of steel beams and steel arches according to claim 1, characterized in that: Use finite element software to conduct overall modeling and analysis of steel beams and steel arch structures, including: Calculate the deflection of steel beams and steel arches through BIM software, determine the initial data of steel beams and steel arches before unloading, verify the deflection of steel beams and steel arches during construction and compare it with the pre-arching, and compare the deflection after loading after construction with the design control deflection requirements; Use the MIDAS finite element analysis plug-in to monitor the displacement of the deformation observation point; Manually or automatically lay out steel beams and steel arches in the model, conduct overall analysis of the steel beam and steel arch structure, and calculate the structural prestress of each node of the overall structure through BIM software; Finally, the BIM model is used to virtually add the construction site environment to complete the entire construction simulation.

3. A method for monitoring deformation of steel beams and steel arches according to claim 1, characterized in that: The unloading process is carried out according to the principle of balanced slowness; First, the temporary arch rib supports on the bridge deck are unloaded; the temporary supports are unloaded in sequence from the mid-span to both ends; The temporary support unloading operation is carried out by cutting the tire frame template into strips, with the height of each cut being △H. After a certain step of cutting is completed, the structure will no longer produce downward displacement, and the support can be removed.

4. A method for monitoring deformation of steel beams and steel arches according to claim 1, characterized in that: The monitoring frequency is not lower than the unloading speed. During the monitoring process, stress monitoring and deformation monitoring are synchronized. The observation points are arranged on the top plate of the tie beam segment joint position, and deformation monitoring is performed on the steel box girder bridge deck and the steel arch above the bridge deck.

5. A method for monitoring deformation of steel beams and steel arches according to claim 1, characterized in that: Paste a measuring reflector on one side of the steel arch to observe the deformation of the steel arch.

6. A method for monitoring deformation of steel beams and steel arches according to claim 1, characterized in that: Install temperature sensors to monitor the temperature of the entire bridge, regularly monitor temperature changes of the bridge, detect abnormal conditions in time and take maintenance measures.

7. A method for monitoring deformation of steel beams and steel arches according to claim 1, characterized in that: Early warning is issued based on the comparative analysis results, including: Set structural displacement, stress and strain as early warning indicators; According to the comparative analysis results, the status of steel beams and steel arch structures is divided into four different warning levels: normal, first-level warning, second-level warning and third-level warning; Take appropriate warning measures in a timely manner according to the warning level and warning indicators.

8. A method for monitoring deformation of steel beams and steel arches according to claim 7, characterized in that: According to the preset first safety threshold and the second safety threshold, when the monitoring data is less than the first safety threshold, the state of the steel beam and steel arch structure is normal; When the monitoring data is greater than or equal to the first safety threshold and less than the second safety threshold, a first-level warning is issued; When the monitoring data is greater than or equal to the second safety threshold, a second-level warning is issued.

9. A method and system for monitoring deformation of steel beams and steel arches, characterized in that: include: The construction simulation module is used to use finite element software to conduct overall modeling and analysis of steel beams and steel arch structures to obtain construction simulation results; The observation point arrangement module is used to determine the final unloading plan based on the construction simulation results, and arrange observation points on the steel beams and steel arch structures to monitor the deformation and stress of the steel beams and steel arch structures during the unloading process; The construction monitoring module is used to collect the deformation and stress data of the structure in real time through the observation points during the unloading process, record the monitoring data and conduct real-time monitoring; The monitoring data sorting module is used to establish the stress and deformation time history curve of the structure during the unloading process according to the monitoring data, sort and analyze the monitoring data, and obtain the deformation and stress change law of the structure; The comparative analysis module is used to compare and analyze the stress and deformation time history curves of the monitoring results with the theoretical calculation values ​​of the construction simulation of the final unloading solution; The early warning module is used to issue early warnings based on the comparative analysis results.

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