Ultrasonic detection and test block manufacturing method for additive and subtractive composite manufacturing component

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of nondestructive testing, and relates to an ultrasonic testing and test block manufacturing method for an additive and subtractive composite manufacturing component. According to the method, an additive and subtractive composite manufacturing component manufactured by an additive forming complex structure on a forge piece base body is taken as an object, and reference blocks for ultrasonic detection are manufactured aiming at a forging forming area, an additive / forging transition area and an additive forming distinguishing area respectively; and proper detection directions, sensitivity adjustment modes and the like are respectively selected according to the forming process and structural characteristics of each region, so that comprehensive detection of the internal defects of the additive and subtractive composite manufacturing component is realized. According to the method, the problem of inaccurate detection results caused by anisotropy and structure nonuniformity of the additive manufacturing material is solved, a comprehensive and effective detection means is provided for additive and subtractive composite manufacturing components through regional detection, and a guarantee is provided for improving the quality of additive manufacturing products.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of non-destructive testing, and relates to an ultrasonic testing and test block manufacturing method for a component manufactured by additive and subtractive materials. Background Art

[0002] The use of high-performance difficult-to-process metal key components in aerospace and other fields is increasing, and the overall trend is large-scale, integrated, lightweight, high-performance, high-reliability, and long life. The size of key metal components such as titanium alloys, aluminum alloys, high-temperature alloys and high-strength steels is getting larger and larger, and their structures are becoming more and more complex. Especially for local fine and complex structures, traditional processes such as forging and casting are often difficult to form, with long processing cycles and high costs. Metal additive manufacturing technology can achieve moldless rapid near-net forming of high-performance dense metal parts, and has unique advantages in the forming of complex-shaped components. Combining forging with additive manufacturing, the base part of the component is formed by forging, and the complex or difficult-to-form structure is compositely manufactured by additive forming. The advantages of the two forming processes can be used at the same time, which not only ensures the overall formability of the component, but also ensures the quality of the fine and complex structural parts, and minimizes the processing volume, improves material utilization, and reduces costs.

[0003] Components formed by additive and subtractive composite manufacturing processes are non-uniform components, and inevitably have a transition zone between the matrix and the additive part, which often becomes a weak area of ​​the component and requires reliable testing to ensure its safety in use. At the same time, for the additive manufacturing forming area, due to the particularity of its forming method, the material has the characteristics of anisotropy and uneven structure, so its applicable detection method is also significantly different from that of conventional forgings. However, due to the lack of dedicated ultrasonic detection methods and comparison test blocks, internal quality inspections are often carried out with reference to the detection methods of forgings, and forging comparison test blocks are used as substitutes for sensitivity adjustment and defect assessment, which will lead to inaccurate detection results or even missed detections.

[0004] In response to the above-mentioned problems faced by the detection of additive manufacturing components after forming, domestic and foreign research institutions are conducting research on online monitoring methods during the additive forming process, and relevant literature and patents have been published. However, in general, the maturity of online monitoring methods is still not high, the amount of collected data is huge and the processing is complex, and the detection accuracy and speed cannot meet the needs of industrial production. Without a large amount of data accumulation and application verification, it cannot be realized in engineering applications; at the same time, online monitoring has high requirements for forming equipment, which invisibly increases a lot of economic costs. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to propose an ultrasonic detection and test block preparation method for additive and subtractive composite manufacturing components, so as to achieve accurate, comprehensive, convenient and low-cost detection of internal defects of additive and subtractive composite manufacturing components.

[0006] To solve this technical problem, the technical solution of the present invention is:

[0007] Provided is a method for ultrasonic testing and test block preparation of an additive and subtractive composite manufacturing component, comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1: The composite manufacturing process is used to manufacture local fine structures on the forging manufacturing matrix to obtain the additive and subtractive composite manufacturing components. The surface of the component is pre-treated. The surface roughness Ra value of the inspected component should not be greater than 3.2μm;

[0009] S2: Determine the detection partition scheme, detection surface and ultrasonic beam incident direction according to the structural characteristics of the composite manufacturing component and the additive deposition direction. The incident direction of the ultrasonic beam is perpendicular to the detection surface.

[0010] The zoning scheme for composite manufactured components is specifically divided into additive forming zone, additive / forging transition zone and forging forming zone;

[0011] The additive / forging transition zone is a zone centered on the additive / forging interface, extending 3 to 5 mm toward the additive forming zone and the forging forming zone, respectively. The zone outside the additive / forging transition zone that uses the additive manufacturing process is the additive forming zone, and the zone that uses the forging manufacturing process is the forging forming zone.

[0012] S3: Select ultrasonic testing method, testing instrument and probe;

[0013] S4: Prepare comparative test blocks for ultrasonic testing for different test areas. The specific preparation method is as follows:

[0014] 1) For the additive forming area, the comparison test block for testing is made of the same material, forming process and forming direction as the tested part, and a group (no less than 3 pieces) of flat-bottom holes with different burial depths are made as artificial reflectors. The burial depth range of the flat-bottom hole at least includes the machining allowance of the tested component to the maximum test thickness. The diameter of the flat-bottom hole is Φ0.8-2.0mm, the length of the flat-bottom hole is 5-15mm, and the flat-bottom hole is made in the area with the largest attenuation of the ultrasonic bottom wave on the test block material;

[0015] 2) For the additive / forging transition zone, the comparison test block should be made of the same material with the structural characteristics and forming process as the inspected part, and a flat-bottom hole should be made as an artificial reflector. The flat-bottom hole is drilled from the additive side of the test block material and the bottom of the hole is located in the transition zone. The buried depth of the flat-bottom hole is the same as the material thickness of the forging side of the inspected part, and the diameter of the flat-bottom hole is Φ0.8~2.0mm;

[0016] 3) For the forging forming area, the production of the comparison test block for testing shall be carried out in accordance with HB 20159;

[0017] S5: Use the probes and comparison test blocks corresponding to each test zone to make the amplitude of the reflected signal from any flat-bottom hole on the selected test block reach 80% of the full scale of the fluorescent screen. The gain value of the one with the lowest amplitude is taken as the scanning sensitivity for scanning the area.

[0018] S6: Determine the inspection parameters such as scanning interval and scanning speed; use the selected probe and inspection parameters to scan the inspection zones respectively, and record and evaluate the scanning results;

[0019] The additive and subtractive composite manufacturing component refers to an additive and subtractive composite manufacturing component obtained by additively manufacturing a local fine structure on a forging manufacturing matrix using a composite manufacturing process;

[0020] The composite manufacturing process refers to an additive / forging composite process; the local fine structure refers to one or more structures of a frame, a beam, a rib or a cylinder.

[0021] Furthermore, in step S1, the additive manufacturing process may be laser / electron beam directed energy deposition or laser / electron beam selective melting process; the material used may be titanium alloy, aluminum alloy, high temperature alloy, or high strength steel.

[0022] Furthermore, in step S2, the incident direction of the sound beam in the additive forming zone is incident from the additive side along the deposition direction. If it is impossible to detect from the deposition direction, other directions can be selected and the sensitivity can be increased by at least 12 dB for detection; the sound beam in the additive / forging transition zone is incident from the forging side, and the selection of the incident direction of the sound beam in the forging forming zone is carried out in accordance with HB 20159.

[0023] Preferably, in step S3, the ultrasonic detection method selected is water immersion or contact pulse reflection method, and water immersion focused pulse reflection C-scan imaging method is preferably used. When water immersion detection cannot be used due to structural limitations, contact detection is used.

[0024] In step S3, the ultrasonic testing instrument should include a frequency band range of 1 to 20 MHz; a 5 to 10 MHz water immersion focused probe is recommended for water immersion pulse reflection method testing, and a flat probe with a frequency of 5 MHz or above is recommended for contact pulse reflection method testing. The deviation of the peak frequency of the selected probe from the nominal value should be within ±10% of the nominal value.

[0025] If S4 does not have the comparison test block containing the additive / forging transition zone, a forging test block with the same material and the same burial depth as the forging forming zone is used instead, and a transmission correction value is added on the basis of the gain value adjusted by the forging test block. The transmission correction value is measured in accordance with HB 20159.

[0026] The bottom surface of the artificial reflector of the flat-bottom hole on the additive forming area and additive / forging transition area comparison test blocks should be straight without chamfers, and the hole diameter deviation should not be greater than ±0.01mm of the design value of the hole diameter. The silicone rubber coating method can be used to inspect the bottom quality of the flat-bottom hole.

[0027] In step S5, the water immersion focused pulse reflection C-scan imaging method is preferably used for the additive / forging transition zone, and the probe focus is located in the transition zone by adjusting the water distance, and the gate width is not less than 10 mm.

[0028] In step S6, the scanning interval should be no greater than one third of the effective acoustic beam width of the probe, and the scanning speed should be no greater than 100 mm / s.

[0029] In the step S1, the surface of the component is pre-treated to remove loose oxide scale, burrs and oil stains that may affect ultrasonic testing.

[0030] Preferably, the artificial reflectors in S4 are all manufactured by mechanical processing.

[0031] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0032] The present invention proposes an ultrasonic testing and test block manufacturing method for additive and subtractive composite manufacturing components, and its advantages and beneficial effects are shown in the following aspects:

[0033] (1) The present invention realizes comprehensive detection of internal defects of additive and subtractive composite manufacturing components with non-uniform structures through regional detection and reasonable selection of detection directions and sensitivity adjustment methods for different regions, thereby solving the problem of lack of accurate, effective and dedicated ultrasonic detection methods for additive and subtractive composite manufacturing components;

[0034] (2) The present invention fully considers the structural and organizational characteristics of the additive and subtractive composite manufacturing components, and manufactures ultrasonic testing comparison test blocks for the forging forming area, the additive / forging transition area, and the additive forming area, and clearly gives the key points for making the above-mentioned special comparison test blocks, thereby avoiding the problem of inaccurate test results or even missed detection caused by using forging comparison test blocks as substitutes;

[0035] (3) The detection method proposed in the present invention is a post-forming offline detection method. Compared with the online monitoring method, it has higher maturity and accuracy, and can meet the requirements using conventional detection equipment. It is more convenient to use, has lower cost, and is more suitable for engineering applications. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions implemented in the present invention, the following briefly explains the drawings required to be used in the examples of the present invention. It is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0037] Figure 1 It is a schematic flow chart of the ultrasonic testing and test block manufacturing method of the additive and subtractive composite manufacturing component in the present invention.

[0038] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure and detection direction of the forging / laser directional energy deposition composite manufacturing component of Example 1 of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of a comparative test block for ultrasonic testing of the forging / laser directed energy deposition transition zone of Example 1 of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure and detection direction of the forging / laser selective melting composite manufactured component of Example 2 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] The features of various aspects of the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. In the detailed description below, many specific details are proposed to fully understand the present invention. However, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention can also be implemented without these specific details. The following description of the embodiments is only for a better understanding of the present invention by illustrating examples of the present invention. The present invention is not limited to any specific settings and methods provided below, but covers all product structures, any improvements, replacements, etc. of methods covered without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

[0043] In the various drawings and the following description, well-known structures and techniques are not shown to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the present invention.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] TC4 titanium alloy forging / laser directed energy deposition composite manufacturing components, additive manufacturing load-bearing frame structure on the forging substrate, the overall dimensions are 400×400×200mm, the thickness of the forging part is 70mm, the deposition direction is the height direction of the component, the single-side machining allowance is 5mm, and the required detection sensitivity is Φ1.2mm flat-bottom hole equivalent. The ultrasonic detection and test block production method of the additive and subtractive composite manufacturing components are used for detection. The main steps are as follows:

[0046] S1: Pre-treat the surface of TC4 titanium alloy forging / laser directed energy deposition composite manufacturing components. Loose oxide scale, burrs and oil stains that affect ultrasonic testing are not allowed. The surface roughness Ra value is 3.2μm;

[0047] S2: The composite manufacturing component is divided into three areas: additive forming area, additive / forging transition area, and forging forming area for testing (see Figure 2 ), the additive / forging transition zone is an area with the additive / forging interface as the center, extending 5 mm to the additive forming zone and the forging forming zone respectively, the area outside the additive / forging transition zone using the additive manufacturing process is the additive forming zone, and the area using the forging manufacturing process is the forging forming zone, wherein for the additive forming zone, the ultrasonic sound beam is incident from directions 1, 2, and 3 for detection; for the additive / forging transition zone, the sound beam is incident from direction 4 for detection; for the forging forming zone, the sound beam is incident from direction 5 for detection;

[0048] S3: Water immersion focused pulse reflection C-scan imaging method is used for detection, using an ultrasonic detector with a 6-axis scanner for scanning, the instrument frequency range is 0.5-25MHz, and a water immersion focused probe A (frequency 5MHz, focal length 6 inches) is used for detection;

[0049] S4: Prepare comparative test blocks for ultrasonic testing for different test areas:

[0050] 1) For the additive forming area, one group of comparison test blocks along the deposition direction and one group perpendicular to the deposition direction need to be made respectively, and the material used is TC4 laser directed energy deposition forming blank. Among them, the comparison test blocks along the deposition direction are used to adjust the sensitivity of detection direction 1. The maximum detection thickness in this direction is 62mm, so a group of comparison test blocks with a diameter of Φ1.2mm flat bottom hole, a hole buried depth of 5, 10, 20, 40, 60mm, and a hole length of 5mm are made. The drilling direction is along the deposition direction, and the drilling position is located in the area with the largest attenuation of the ultrasonic bottom wave on the blank; the comparison test blocks perpendicular to the deposition direction are used to adjust the sensitivity of detection directions 2 and 3. The maximum detection thickness in the above directions is 80mm, so a group of comparison test blocks with a diameter of Φ1.2mm flat bottom hole, a hole buried depth of 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80mm, and a hole length of 5mm are made. The drilling direction is perpendicular to the deposition direction, and the drilling position is also located in the area with the largest attenuation of the ultrasonic bottom wave in this direction;

[0051] 2) For the additive / forging transition zone, the material containing the TC4 titanium alloy forging / laser directed energy deposition transition zone is used. The schematic diagram of the test block is shown in Figure 3 , where the thickness of the forging part is 70mm, the thickness of the laser directed energy deposition part is 10mm, and a flat-bottom hole with a length of 10mm and a diameter of Φ1.2mm is drilled from the additive side to make an additive / forging transition zone comparison test block;

[0052] 3) For the forging forming area, a set of TC4 distance-amplitude flat bottom hole test blocks with a hole diameter of Φ1.2mm that meets the requirements of HB 20159 can be used directly;

[0053] After the flat-bottom holes in the above-mentioned comparison test blocks are made, the silicone rubber coating method is used to check the bottom quality of the flat-bottom holes. The bottom surface should be straight without chamfers, and the hole diameter deviation should not exceed Φ1.2±0.01mm. If the above requirements are not met, the flat-bottom holes should be remade;

[0054] S5: Adjustment of detection sensitivity in different detection directions:

[0055] Detection direction 1: Use water immersion focusing probe A to adjust the height of the reflection echo of the flat-bottom holes of different buried depths in the comparison test block made in S4 along the deposition direction to 80% of the full screen scale, draw the DAC curve, and use this sensitivity as the detection sensitivity;

[0056] Detection directions 2 and 3: Use water immersion focusing probe A to adjust the height of the reflection echo of the flat-bottom holes of different buried depths in the comparison test block made in S4 perpendicular to the deposition direction to 80% of the full screen scale, draw the DAC curve, and on this basis, increase the gain by 12dB as the detection sensitivity;

[0057] Detection direction 4: Use probe A to adjust the height of the flat-bottom hole reflection echo in the additive / forging transition zone comparison test block made in S4 to 80% of the full screen scale. At this time, the gain value is 62dB. This sensitivity is used as the detection sensitivity, and the gate width is 10mm.

[0058] Detection direction 5: Use probe A to adjust the reflection echo height of the flat-bottom hole with a burial depth of 5 to 70 mm in the TC4 distance-amplitude flat-bottom hole comparison test block with an aperture of Φ1.2 mm to 80% of the full screen scale, draw the DAC curve, and use this sensitivity as the detection sensitivity;

[0059] S6: Use the detection sensitivity set in each detection zone to scan separately, with a scanning interval of 0.8mm and a scanning speed of 100mm / s. During the scanning process, record the plane position, buried depth and amplitude of defects with a size exceeding the Φ1.2mm flat-bottom hole equivalent.

[0060] Example 2

[0061] TC4 titanium alloy forging / laser selective melting composite manufacturing components, additive manufacturing cylindrical structure on the forging substrate, the overall size is Φ150×50mm, the thickness of the forging part is 10mm, the deposition direction is the height direction of the component, the single-side machining allowance is 3mm, and the required detection sensitivity is Φ0.8mm flat-bottom hole equivalent. The ultrasonic detection and test block production method of the additive and subtractive composite manufacturing components are used for detection. The main steps are as follows:

[0062] S1: Pre-treat the surface of TC4 titanium alloy forging / laser selective melting composite manufacturing components. Loose oxide scale, burrs and oil stains that affect ultrasonic testing are not allowed. The surface roughness Ra value is 1.6μm;

[0063] S2: The composite manufacturing component is divided into three areas: additive forming area, additive / forging transition area, and forging forming area for testing (see Figure 4 ), the additive / forging transition zone is the area with the additive / forging interface as the center, extending 3mm to the additive forming zone and the forging forming zone respectively, the area outside the additive / forging transition zone using the additive manufacturing process is the additive forming zone, and the area using the forging manufacturing process is the forging forming zone. For the additive forming zone, the ultrasonic sound beam is incident from direction 1 for detection; for the additive / forging transition zone, the sound beam is incident from direction 2 for detection; for the forging forming zone, the sound beam is incident from direction 3 for detection;

[0064] S3: Water immersion focused pulse reflection C-scan imaging method is used for detection, using an ultrasonic detector with a 6-axis scanner for scanning, the instrument frequency range is 0.5-25MHz, and a water immersion focused probe B (frequency 10MHz, focal length 3 inches) is used for detection;

[0065] S4: Prepare comparative test blocks for ultrasonic testing for different test areas:

[0066] 1) For the additive forming area, a group of comparative test blocks along the deposition direction were made for sensitivity adjustment in detection direction 1. The material used was TC4 laser selective melting forming blank. The maximum detection thickness in this direction was 40 mm. Therefore, a group of comparative test blocks with a diameter of Φ0.8 mm and a hole depth of 3, 10, 20, and 40 mm, and a hole length of 5 mm were made. The drilling direction was along the deposition direction, and the drilling position was located in the area with the largest ultrasonic bottom wave attenuation on the blank.

[0067] 2) For the additive / forging transition zone, the material containing TC4 titanium alloy forging / laser selective melting transition zone is used for the test block. Figure 3 , where the thickness of the forging part is 10mm, the thickness of the laser selective melting part is 5mm, and a flat-bottom hole with a length of 5mm and a diameter of Φ0.8mm is drilled from the additive side to make an additive / forging transition zone comparison test block;

[0068] 3) For the forging forming area, a set of TC4 distance-amplitude flat bottom hole test blocks with a hole diameter of Φ0.8mm that meets the requirements of HB 20159 can be used directly;

[0069] After the flat-bottom holes in the above-mentioned comparison test blocks are made, the silicone rubber coating method is used to check the bottom quality of the flat-bottom holes. The bottom surface should be straight without chamfers, and the hole diameter deviation should not exceed Φ0.8±0.01mm. If the above requirements are not met, the flat-bottom holes should be remade;

[0070] S5: Adjustment of detection sensitivity in different detection directions:

[0071] Detection direction 1: Use probe B to adjust the height of the reflection echo of the flat-bottom holes of different buried depths in the comparison test block made in S4 along the deposition direction to 80% of the full screen scale, draw the DAC curve, and use this sensitivity as the detection sensitivity;

[0072] Detection direction 2: Use probe B to adjust the height of the flat-bottom hole reflection echo in the additive / forging transition zone comparison test block made in S4 to 80% of the full screen scale. At this time, the gain value is 64dB. This sensitivity is used as the detection sensitivity, and the gate width is 10mm.

[0073] Detection direction 3: Use probe B to adjust the reflection echo height of the flat-bottom hole with a burial depth of 3 to 10 mm in the TC4 distance-amplitude flat-bottom hole comparison test block with an aperture of Φ0.8 mm to 80% of the full screen scale, draw the DAC curve, and use this sensitivity as the detection sensitivity;

[0074] S6: Use the detection sensitivity set in each detection zone to scan separately, with a scanning interval of 0.4mm and a scanning speed of 100mm / s. During the scanning process, record the plane position, buried depth and amplitude of defects with a size exceeding Φ0.8mm flat-bottom hole equivalent.

[0075] By adopting the ultrasonic testing and test block preparation method for additive and subtractive composite manufactured components proposed in the present invention, comparative test blocks can be prepared and tested in different regions for the composite manufactured components described in Examples 1 and 2, thereby achieving high-sensitivity and high-accuracy detection of all regions of the components. Conventional detection methods usually do not perform partitioned detection, and use forging test blocks to adjust the sensitivity of full-region detection without considering the particularity of additively formed materials and the particularity of the transition zone structure, which will lead to problems such as inaccurate detection results or even missed detections. The present invention can effectively solve the above problems.

[0076] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the field can easily think of various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, and these modifications or substitutions should all be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for ultrasonic testing and test block preparation of a component manufactured by adding or subtracting materials, characterized in that: The steps include: S1: The composite manufacturing process is used to manufacture local fine structures on the forging manufacturing matrix to obtain the additive and subtractive composite manufacturing components, and the surface of the component is pre-treated. The surface roughness Ra value of the inspected component is not greater than 3.2μm; S2: Determine the detection partition scheme, detection surface and ultrasonic beam incident direction according to the structural characteristics of the composite manufacturing component and the additive deposition direction. The incident direction of the ultrasonic beam is perpendicular to the detection surface. The zoning scheme for composite manufactured components is specifically divided into additive forming zone, additive / forging transition zone and forging forming zone; The additive / forging transition zone is a zone centered on the additive / forging interface and extending 3 to 5 mm toward the additive forming zone and the forging forming zone respectively; the zone outside the additive / forging transition zone where the additive manufacturing process is adopted is the additive forming zone, and the zone where the forging process is adopted is the forging forming zone; S3: Select ultrasonic testing method, testing instrument and probe; S4: Prepare comparative test blocks for ultrasonic testing for different test areas. The specific preparation method is as follows: 1) For the additive forming area, the comparison test block for testing is made of the same material, forming process and forming direction as the tested part, and a group of flat-bottom holes with a number of not less than 3 and different buried depths are made as artificial reflectors. The buried depth range of the flat-bottom hole at least includes the machining allowance of the tested component to the maximum test thickness. The diameter of the flat-bottom hole is Φ0.8-2.0mm, the length of the flat-bottom hole is 5-15mm, and the flat-bottom hole is made in the area with the largest attenuation of the ultrasonic bottom wave on the test block material; 2) For the additive / forging transition zone, the comparison test block should be made of the same material with the structural characteristics and forming process as the inspected part, and a flat-bottom hole should be made as an artificial reflector. The flat-bottom hole is drilled from the additive side of the test block material and the bottom of the hole is located in the transition zone. The buried depth of the flat-bottom hole is the same as the material thickness of the forging side of the inspected part, and the diameter of the flat-bottom hole is Φ0.8~2.0mm; 3) For the forging forming area, the production of the comparison test block for testing shall be carried out in accordance with HB 20159; S5: Use the probes and comparison test blocks corresponding to each test zone to make the amplitude of the reflected signal from any flat-bottom hole on the selected test block reach 80% of the full scale of the fluorescent screen. The gain value of the one with the lowest amplitude is taken as the scanning sensitivity for scanning the area. S6: Determine the inspection parameters such as scanning interval and scanning speed; use the selected probe and inspection parameters to scan the inspection zones respectively, and record and evaluate the scanning results; The additive and subtractive composite manufacturing component refers to an additive and subtractive composite manufacturing component obtained by additively manufacturing a local fine structure on a forging manufacturing matrix using a composite manufacturing process.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S1, the additive manufacturing process is a laser / electron beam directed energy deposition or a laser / electron beam selective melting process; the materials used are titanium alloy, aluminum alloy, high temperature alloy, and high strength steel.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S2, the incident direction of the sound beam in the additive forming zone is incident from the additive side along the deposition direction. If it is impossible to detect from the deposition direction, other directions are selected and the sensitivity is increased by at least 12 dB for detection; the sound beam in the additive / forging transition zone is incident from the forging side, and the selection of the incident direction of the sound beam in the forging forming zone is carried out in accordance with HB 20159.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the ultrasonic detection method selected is water immersion or contact pulse reflection method, and water immersion focused pulse reflection C-scan imaging method is preferably used. When water immersion detection cannot be used due to structural limitations, contact detection is used.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the ultrasonic detection instrument includes a frequency band range of 1 to 20 MHz; the water immersion pulse reflection method detection uses a 5 to 10 MHz water immersion focused probe, and the contact pulse reflection method detection uses a flat probe with a frequency of 5 MHz and above, and the deviation of the peak frequency of the selected probe from the nominal value should be within ±10% of the nominal value.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: If S4 does not have the comparison test block containing the additive / forging transition zone, a forging test block with the same material and the same burial depth as the forging forming zone is used instead, and a transmission correction value is added to the gain value adjusted by the forging test block. The transmission correction value is measured in accordance with HB20159.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom surface of the flat-bottom hole artificial reflector on the additive forming area and additive / forging transition area comparison test blocks is straight without chamfers, and the hole diameter deviation is no more than ±0.01mm.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S5, the water immersion focused pulse reflection C-scan imaging method is used for the additive / forging transition zone, and the probe focus is located in the transition zone by adjusting the water distance, and the gate width is not less than 10 mm.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S6, the scanning interval is no greater than one third of the effective acoustic beam width of the probe, and the scanning speed should be no greater than 100 mm / s.

10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The local fine structure refers to one or more structures of a frame, a beam, a rib or a cylinder.

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