Method for cultivating stropharia rugoso-annulata by using Ganmaoling traditional Chinese medicine residues

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for cultivating stropharia rugoso-annulata by using Ganmaoling traditional Chinese medicine residues, which comprises the steps of raw material preparation, raw material pile building, raw material pile turning, compost laying, punching and sowing, soil covering and grass covering, and fruiting management, in the raw material preparation process, the traditional Chinese medicine residues, lime and a fermentation agent are uniformly mixed, and the compost is prepared. The production cost is reduced, the cultivation process is simplified, and the fruiting yield and quality of the stropharia rugoso-annulata are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, and more particularly to a method for cultivating Stropharia rugosa with Ganmaoling traditional Chinese medicine residues. Background Art

[0002] Stropharia is a grass-decomposing edible fungus. It is mainly cultivated using straw (such as rice straw, corn stalks, wheat straw, etc.), crop processing waste (corn cobs, husks, etc.) and sawdust branches. The cultivation raw materials can be single or composite. It is usually difficult to obtain ideal results when using a single raw material. For example, when pure rice straw is used for cultivation, the yield is low, the quality is poor, and the mushroom production is insufficient. If pure sawdust is used for cultivation, the mycelium matures slowly and the mushroom production is delayed. Although Stropharia is a grass-decomposing edible fungus, it has a strong omnivorous nature and needs to add raw materials with a high lignin content, such as sawdust, to obtain a higher mushroom yield and quality.

[0003] At present, the production usually adopts the formula of corn cob: rice husk: sawdust = 1:1:1 to make the culture material for cultivating Stropharia. As the price of raw materials such as rice husk and sawdust continues to rise, the cost of cultivating Stropharia is getting higher and higher. The comprehensive dry material cost reaches 700-1000 yuan / ton, and the price varies greatly in different regions.

[0004] Stropharia is an aerobic edible fungus. Adequate oxygen allows its mycelium to grow vigorously. This requires that the culture medium be composed of raw materials with larger particles to ensure good air permeability. However, if the particles are too large, the water retention will be poor. Therefore, requirements are put forward for the processing and matching of raw materials, and a combination of coarse and fine particles is required. However, Stropharia cultivation is usually small-scale and scattered, and the characteristics of the raw materials are not determined by the cultivators, which brings great uncertainty to production.

[0005] Stropharia usually adopts the fermentation cultivation mode, that is, the culture medium is fermented. Some materials that are difficult to absorb water, such as straw, corn cobs, sawdust, etc., need to be soaked or sprayed for a long time to make the raw materials fully absorb water. This process requires a lot of time and water resources. After the raw materials fully absorb water, drain the excess water and add lime to mix well. In addition, the Stropharia usually adopts the natural fermentation method. After the pile is built, the pile is turned every 3-4 days, and the whole process is turned 3-5 times. The natural fermentation time of the culture medium is relatively long, generally 14-20 days before it can be put into use. After the fermentation of the culture medium is completed, it is spread out to cool down and then transferred to the field for sowing. Usually, the sowing method of one layer of raw materials and one layer of strains, a total of three layers of raw materials and two layers of strains is adopted, each layer is 5-10cm thick, and the total thickness is 15-20cm, but the thickness of each layer of raw materials is difficult to control evenly, and a total of three layers of culture materials need to be laid, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive.

[0006] Therefore, whether it is possible to reduce production costs, simplify the cultivation process, and improve the yield and quality of Stropharia rugosa are the core technical points that cultivators are concerned about. The present invention provides a method for cultivating Stropharia rugosa. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for cultivating Stropharia officinalis with Ganmaoling Chinese medicinal residue, which is beneficial to reducing production costs, simplifying the cultivation process, and improving the mushroom yield and quality of Stropharia officinalis.

[0008] The above technical objectives of the present invention are achieved through the following technical solutions: A method for cultivating Stropharia rugosa with Ganmaoling Chinese medicine residues, comprising: S1. Prepare raw materials: mix the residue of Ganmaoling Chinese medicine with lime and fermentation agent to make culture medium; S2. Raw material pile building: The culture material is piled into a trapezoidal cone shape, and holes are punched from the top of the pile to the bottom to promote aerobic fermentation. After the pile building is completed, attention should be paid to the moisture retention of the material surface; S3. Turning the raw material compost: Turn the compost every 2-3 days after it is built. Check the moisture before turning the compost. It is best if moisture seeps out between the fingers when holding the compost. Under the condition of good moisture retention, the compost does not need additional water. In dry seasons, if the surface compost dries too quickly, it is necessary to replenish the surface compost moisture before turning the compost. S4. Planting the compost: Level the land in advance and transfer the compost to the ground with a thickness of 15-20cm. S5. Punching sowing: The punching sowing method is adopted, holes are punched from the surface of the culture material downward, and seeds are sown in the holes. The holes after sowing are filled with culture material; S6. Covering with soil and grass: After sowing, shovel the soil to completely cover the compost. After covering with soil, cover the soil surface with straw or leaves to keep the soil layer and compost moist. S7, mycelium culture: control the culture temperature to 15-28 ℃, pay attention to ventilation and moisture retention, and sprinkle water before the soil is completely dry; S8. Management of mushroom production: During the mushroom production process, the temperature difference should be controlled to be greater than or equal to 10℃. After the mycelium matures, the ambient temperature should be controlled at 14-22℃. Avoid direct sunlight, control the environment to be 30% sunny and 70% shady, and keep the covering soil moist.

[0009] In one of the embodiments, in step S1, the Ganmaoling Chinese medicine residue includes residues obtained by filtering after boiling and extracting wild chrysanthemum, hawthorn fruit and trifoliate bitter orange.

[0010] In one embodiment, in step S1, the moisture content of the Chinese medicine residue is 60-65%. If it is stored for too long, the moisture is lost and the moisture content is lower than 60%, it needs to be replenished to a moisture content of 60-65%.

[0011] In one of the embodiments, in step S1, calculated based on the mass of dry materials, the mass of lime is 1.5-2.5% of the dry weight of Ganmaoling Chinese medicine residue, and the mass of fermentation agent is 0.01-0.1% of the dry weight of Ganmaoling Chinese medicine residue.

[0012] In one embodiment, in the Ganmaoling Chinese medicine residue, the wild chrysanthemum plant is in the shape of long strips, with a size of 0.5-1cm wide and 10-30cm long; the smilax glabra is in the shape of flakes, with a size of 0.2-0.3cm thick and 3-5cm wide; the trifoliate bitter orange is in the shape of flakes, with a size of 0.1-0.2cm thick and 1-2cm wide.

[0013] In one embodiment, in step S2, the bottom width of the pile is 2-3 meters and the height is 1-1.5 meters.

[0014] In one embodiment, in step S3, the compost is turned at an interval of 3-2-2 days.

[0015] In one embodiment, in step S4, when the temperature of the culture medium is above 25°C, thin culture medium is selected for laying, and when the temperature of the culture medium is below 20°C, thick culture medium is selected for laying; The paving width is 60-70cm and the row spacing is set at 60-80cm.

[0016] In one of the embodiments, in step S5, the diameter of the holes is 5 cm, and the spacing between the holes is preferably 10-15 cm; a piece of bacteria is sown 3-5 cm above the bottom of the material and 3-5 cm below the surface of the material, the size of the bacteria is 3-5 cm block, and the pores are filled with culture medium.

[0017] In one embodiment, in step S7, after the mycelium is fully grown, a hole is punched. Preferably, the hole diameter is 2-3 cm, the holes are punched to the bottom, and the interval between adjacent holes is 20-30 cm.

[0018] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The invention utilizes the Ganmaoling Chinese medicine residue as a culture raw material. The Ganmaoling Chinese medicine residue contains the Chinese medicine residue of herbal raw materials and woody raw materials, and has a high water content, and has the potential to be used as a raw material for the growth of Stropharia capitis. In addition, the Ganmaoling Chinese medicine residue contains different kinds of Chinese herbal medicines, and the raw materials have different lengths, thicknesses, and have good air permeability and water retention when combined together, and are suitable for the growth of Stropharia capitis filaments. Using the Chinese medicine residue as a culture raw material is beneficial to reducing production costs, simplifying the cultivation process, and improving the mushroom yield and quality of Stropharia capitis. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the Chinese medicine residue of Ganmaoling; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of mixing the residue of Ganmaoling Chinese medicine, lime and fermentation agent; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of punch fermentation; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of turning the raw materials; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the cultivation material being planted in the ground; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of drilling holes in the culture medium; Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of sowing; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of covering with soil and grass; Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of mycelium culture; Fig.10 This is a picture showing the actual growth of Stropharia officinalis grown using the residue of the Chinese medicinal herb Ganmaoling. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0021] It is worth noting that the directional words such as "upper" and "lower" involved in this article are all relative to the viewing angle of the drawings and are only for the convenience of description and cannot be understood as limitations on the technical solution.

[0022] The invention provides a method for cultivating Stropharia capitis with Ganmaoling Chinese medicinal residues, which utilizes the Chinese medicinal residues as culture raw materials, and preferably uses Ganmaoling Chinese medicinal residues containing herbal raw materials and woody raw materials. The Ganmaoling Chinese medicinal residues have a high water content, and the Ganmaoling Chinese medicinal residues contain different types of Chinese herbal medicines, and the raw materials have different lengths, thicknesses, and have good air permeability and water retention when combined together, and are suitable for the growth of Stropharia capitis filaments.

[0023] like Figure 1-10 As shown, the cultivation steps of the present invention are as follows: S1. Prepare raw materials: Evenly mix the residue of Ganmaoling Chinese medicine with lime and fermentation agent to prepare culture medium.

[0024] In step S1, the water content of the Chinese medicinal residue is preferably 60-65%, and fresh Chinese medicinal residue is preferably used. Fresh raw materials can ensure sufficient moisture and avoid mold.

[0025] In step S1, the mass of lime is 1.5-2.5% of the dry weight of the Ganmao Ling Chinese medicine residue, and the mass of the fermentation agent is 0.01-0.1% of the dry weight of the Ganmao Ling Chinese medicine residue, calculated by the mass of dry materials. Preferably, the fermentation agent is Qiangwei 99 fermentation agent.

[0026] The culture medium of the giant puffball needs to be fermented. Traditional natural fermentation is time-consuming and labor-intensive. In order to improve the fermentation efficiency of the culture medium, a fermentation agent is added during the preparation of the culture medium in step S1, which can significantly improve the fermentation effect of the culture medium, shorten the fermentation time to 7-12 days, improve the fermentation efficiency, reduce the number of composting, and thus save costs. The culture medium treated with the fermentation agent is more suitable for the growth of the giant puffball, with fast mycelium germination and growth, and thick and white mycelium, which is conducive to improving the yield and quality of the giant puffball.

[0027] In step S1, the main components of the Ganmaoling Chinese medicine residue are the residues obtained by filtering wild chrysanthemum, hawthorn and trifoliate ash after boiling and extraction. It contains both herbal raw materials (wild chrysanthemum) and woody raw materials (hawthorn and trifoliate ash). When used as a culture medium for Stropharia officinalis, it has more comprehensive nutrition and can reduce or even eliminate the need to add other nutrients.

[0028] The advantage of Ganmaoling Chinese medicine residue is that it has a large output and low cost, and the price of dry material is only 400-600 yuan / ton. Using Ganmaoling Chinese medicine residue to cultivate Stropharia officinalis can reduce the cost of raw materials by more than 40%.

[0029] Preferably, the wild chrysanthemum plants in the Ganmaoling Chinese medicine residue are in the shape of long strips, with a size of 0.2-1cm in width and 5-30cm in length; the smilax china are in the shape of flakes, with a size of 0.2-1cm in thickness and 2-5cm in width; the trifoliate bitter orange is in the shape of flakes, with a size of 0.2-1cm in thickness and 1-5cm in width. These raw materials are of different lengths and thicknesses, and when combined together, they have good air permeability and water retention, and are very suitable for the growth of Stropharia rugosus mycelium.

[0030] In addition, the advantage of Ganmaoling Chinese medicine residue is that there is no need to crush the raw materials, which saves costs. Compared with traditional culture media such as pure rice straw or corn cobs, rice husks, sawdust, etc., the physical structure of Ganmaoling Chinese medicine residue is more reasonable and stable. At the same time, the particle size of Gangmei and Sanyeku is larger and resistant to degradation, which can improve the stamina of mushroom production and extend the fruiting period.

[0031] In step S1, freshly-baked Ganmaoling Chinese medicine residue is preferred because its water content is 60%-65%, which is very suitable for microbial fermentation and does not require additional water. Therefore, the process of soaking or spraying the raw materials is omitted, which can save labor and cost when planting Stropharia officinalis in some places where water is inconvenient.

[0032] S2. Building piles of raw materials: Make the culture material into a trapezoidal cone shape, and punch holes from the top to the bottom to allow ventilation and promote aerobic fermentation. After the pile is built, pay attention to moisturizing the surface of the material. You can cover it with a sunshade net or straw curtain, which can both moisturize and allow ventilation.

[0033] In step S2, the bottom width of the pile is preferably 2-3 meters, the height is preferably 1-1.5 meters, and the length is not limited. When drilling holes on the top of the culture material, holes are drilled every 50 cm to the bottom, with a hole diameter of about 10 cm to promote aerobic fermentation.

[0034] S3. Turning of raw materials: After the pile is built, turn the pile every 2-3 days, and can be turned every 3-2-2 days. The condition for turning the pile is: the temperature at 30-50cm on the surface of the pile reaches 55-70℃ and is maintained for 1-2 days. Check the moisture before turning the pile each time. It is advisable to hold the compost in your hand and see moisture seeping out between your fingers. Under good moisture retention, the compost does not need additional water. In the dry season, if the surface compost dries too quickly, it is necessary to replenish the moisture on the surface of the compost before turning the pile. After turning the pile, punch holes for ventilation and cover with shade nets or straw curtains. Turn the pile twice at the fastest and then transfer it to the field.

[0035] S4. Planting the compost: Level the land in advance and transfer the compost to the ground with a thickness of 15-20cm.

[0036] In step S4, when the temperature of the culture medium is high, for example, over 25°C, thin material is chosen, preferably with a thickness of 15-18cm; when the temperature of the culture medium is low, for example, below 20°C, thick material is considered, preferably with a thickness of 18-20cm.

[0037] In step S4, preferably, the paving width is 60-70 cm, and for the convenience of subsequent operations, the row spacing is set to 60-80 cm.

[0038] S5. Punching seeding: The punching seeding method is adopted. Holes are punched from the surface of the culture material downwards, and seeds are sown in the holes. The holes after sowing are filled with culture material. Compared with the traditional layered material sowing method, the punching seeding method is more efficient and the spatial distribution of the strains is more uniform.

[0039] In step S5, preferably, the hole diameter is 5 cm, for example, a bamboo stick or a wooden stick with a diameter of 5 cm is used to punch through the culture medium, and the hole spacing is preferably 10-15 cm.

[0040] In step S5, a piece of bacteria is sown 3-5 cm above the bottom of the material and 3-5 cm below the surface of the material. The bacteria are in the shape of 3-5 cm blocks, and the pores are filled with culture medium.

[0041] S6. Covering with soil and straw: After sowing, shovel the soil to completely cover the compost, with a thickness of 2-3cm. After covering with soil, cover the soil surface with straw or leaves to keep the soil layer and compost moist.

[0042] S7. Mycelium culture: control the culture temperature to 15-28 ℃, preferably, the optimum temperature is 20-25 ℃, pay attention to ventilation and moisture retention, and water in time before the soil dries out.

[0043] In step S7, after the mycelium is fully grown, drilling is performed once. Preferably, the hole diameter is 2-3 cm, the holes are drilled to the bottom, and the interval between adjacent holes is 20-30 cm.

[0044] S8. Management of mushroom production: After the mycelium matures and the temperature drops below 22℃, mushroom production can be carried out. During the mushroom production process, the temperature difference should be controlled to be greater than or equal to 10℃. After the primordium is formed, the ambient temperature should be controlled at 12-22℃, and the best temperature is 14-18℃. Shade the environment to avoid direct sunlight, such as controlling the environment to be 30% sunny and 70% shady, with a light intensity of 100-500lux. Keep the covering soil moist, and water it in time if the soil is dry. During the mushroom production stage, ventilation and moisture retention are the main focus, while during the resting stage, heat preservation is the main focus. Control the moisture to promote the recovery of mycelium, and then give moisture, combined with temperature difference and light stimulation, to promote the tide-changing mushroom production.

[0045] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. All technical solutions under the concept of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, some improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating Stropharia officinalis with Ganmaoling Chinese medicine residues, characterized in that: include: S1. Prepare raw materials: mix the residue of Ganmaoling Chinese medicine with lime and fermentation agent to make culture medium; S2. Raw material pile building: the culture material is piled into a trapezoidal cone shape, and holes are punched from the top of the pile to the bottom to promote aerobic fermentation. After the pile building is completed, attention should be paid to the moisture retention of the material surface; S3. Turning the raw material pile: Turn the pile every 2-3 days after the pile is built. Check the moisture before turning the pile. It is best to hold the compost in your hand and see moisture seeping out between your fingers. Under the condition of good moisture retention, the compost does not need additional water. In dry seasons, if the surface compost dries too quickly, it is necessary to replenish the surface compost moisture before turning the compost. S4. Planting the compost: Level the land in advance, transfer the compost to the ground, and spread the compost to a thickness of 15-20cm; S5. Punching sowing: The punching sowing method is adopted, holes are punched from the surface of the culture material downward, and seeds are sown in the holes. The holes after sowing are filled with culture material; S6. Covering with soil and grass: After sowing, shovel the soil to completely cover the compost. After covering with soil, cover the soil surface with straw or leaves to keep the soil layer and compost moist. S7, mycelium culture: control the culture temperature to 15-28 ℃, pay attention to ventilation and moisture retention, and sprinkle water before the soil is completely dry; S8. Management of mushroom production: During the mushroom production process, the temperature difference should be controlled to be greater than or equal to 10℃. After the mycelium matures, the ambient temperature should be controlled at 14-22℃. Avoid direct sunlight, control the environment to be 30% sunny and 70% shady, and keep the covering soil moist.

2. The method for cultivating Stropharia officinalis with the Chinese medicinal residues of Ganmaoling according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the Ganmaoling Chinese medicine residue includes residues obtained by filtering after wild chrysanthemum, hawthorn fruit and trifoliate bitter orange after being boiled and extracted.

3. The method for cultivating Stropharia officinalis with the Chinese medicinal residues of Ganmaoling according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S1, the moisture content of Ganmaoling Chinese medicine residue is 60-65%. If it is stored for too long, the moisture is lost and the moisture content is lower than 60%, it needs to be replenished to a moisture content of 60-65%.

4. The method for cultivating Stropharia officinalis with the Chinese medicinal residues of Ganmaoling according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, calculated based on the mass of dry materials, the mass of lime is 1.5-2.5% of the dry weight of Ganmaoling Chinese medicine residue, and the mass of fermentation agent is 0.01-0.1% of the dry weight of Ganmaoling Chinese medicine residue.

5. The method for cultivating Stropharia officinalis with the Chinese medicinal residues of Ganmaoling according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the residue of Ganmaoling, the wild chrysanthemum plant is in the shape of long strips, with a size of 0.2-1cm wide and 5-30cm long; the hollyhock is in the shape of flakes, with a size of 0.2-1cm thick and 2-5cm wide; the trifoliate bitter plant is in the shape of flakes, with a size of 0.2-1cm thick and 1-5cm wide.

6. The method for cultivating Stropharia officinalis with the Chinese medicinal residues of Ganmaoling according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: In step S2, the bottom width of the pile is 2-3 meters and the height is 1-1.5 meters.

7. The method for cultivating Stropharia officinalis with the Chinese medicinal residues of Ganmaoling according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: In step S3, the compost is turned at an interval of 3-2-2 days.

8. The method for cultivating Stropharia officinalis with the Ganmaoling Chinese medicine residues as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: In step S4, when the temperature of the culture medium is above 25°C, a thin layer of culture medium is selected with a thickness of 15-18 cm; when the temperature of the culture medium is below 20°C, a thick layer of culture medium is considered with a thickness of 18-20 cm; The paving width is 60-70cm, and the row spacing is set at 60-80cm.

9. The method for cultivating Stropharia officinalis with the Chinese medicinal residues of Ganmaoling according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: In step S5, the diameter of the holes is 5 cm, and the spacing between the holes is preferably 10-15 cm; a piece of bacteria is sown 3-5 cm above the bottom of the material and 3-5 cm below the surface of the material, and the size of the bacteria is 3-5 cm block, and the pores are filled with culture medium.

10. The method for cultivating Stropharia officinalis with the Chinese medicinal residues of Ganmaoling according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: In step S7, after the mycelium is fully grown, drilling is performed once. Preferably, the hole diameter is 2-3 cm, the holes are drilled to the bottom, and the interval between adjacent holes is 20-30 cm.

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