Compound protein source capable of properly replacing fish meal and improving texture of swimming bladder

Abstract

The invention discloses a compound protein source capable of properly replacing fish meal and improving the texture of swimming bladders. The compound protein source comprises hydrolyzed feather meal and corn protein powder. According to the present invention, 5-10.0% of the compound protein source is added to replace fish meal, such that the physical properties such as brittleness / hardness, chewiness, elasticity, cohesiveness, adhesion and the like of the light-color nibea albiflora swimming bladder are improved while the growth of the light-color nibea albiflora is not substantially affected, and the texture of the swimming bladder is further improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of fish feed, and in particular to a composite protein source which can replace fish meal in an appropriate amount and improve the texture of fish maw. Background Art

[0002] Fish maw is a large, hollow, air-filled sac in the dorsal part of the stomach and intestines, the spine, and the abdomen of the kidneys of most bony fish. Most fish maws are now processed through several processes to make fish maw, which is a dry product with a light yellow or white color as the standard (Zhu Kaiyue et al., 2022). Fish maw is one of the eight marine delicacies, as famous as bird's nest and shark fin. It is a typical high-protein, low-fat food. Its dry weight crude protein content is more than 80%, while the fat content is low. It is especially rich in collagen, which can reach more than 60% of the dry weight of fish maw (Jiao Daolong et al., 2009). Collagen, as an important nutrient component of fish maw, lays a good foundation for its beauty, kidney-tonifying, blood-nourishing and hemostasis functions (Hu Minhua et al., 2007). Its content is also one of the main nutritional components and quality evaluation indicators of fish maw.

[0003] Light-colored yellow croaker (Nibea coibor), also known as white nai, golden salamander, and white flower fish, belongs to the order Perciformes, family Sciaenidae, genus Nibea. It is a mid- and lower-layer fish with a wide range of temperature and salinity. It is distributed in the waters of China and Japan, and in the Yellow Sea, Bohai Sea, East China Sea, and South China Sea in my country, namely Zhejiang, Fujian, and Guangdong. Light-colored yellow croaker has a bright body color, light golden fins, tender meat, unique taste, delicious taste, and no intramuscular spines. It is a high-quality edible fish; it is also a special farmed fish for producing white fish maw. Its fish maw is one of the four famous fish maws (the market price of high-quality fish maw is 10,000 yuan / kg-20,000 yuan / kg), with high economic value. In addition, light-colored yellow croaker is suitable for marine cage farming, with many advantages such as fast growth, large individuals, large swim bladder, and strong disease resistance. However, the current domestic culture model of light-colored yellow croaker is based on feeding mainly ice-fresh miscellaneous fish. Not only is the culture cost high, but the quality of ice-fresh miscellaneous fish is also inconsistent, and there are large fluctuations with the changes in the fishing ban and fishing season, which is not conducive to the long-term feeding quality and growth rate of light-colored yellow croaker. Therefore, the development of light-colored yellow croaker compound feed is of great significance to the development of the fish farming industry. According to research, more than half of the cost of aquaculture is feed cost (Bassompierre et al. 1997), and the protein in the feed formula determines the nutritional value of fish feed (Glencross et al. 2007), and is the most expensive part of the feed ingredients, while fish meal is the highest quality protein source in aquatic feed. With the rapid development of aquaculture, the increase in demand for fish meal and the increasing depletion of marine fishery resources have led to a continuous increase in the market price of fish meal. In recent years, the price of fish meal has maintained a steady upward trend. Due to the reduction in the supply of Peruvian fish meal, not only has the price of imported ordinary fish meal rebounded, but the price of domestic fish meal has also increased significantly. The price of imported Peruvian super steam fish meal is generally concentrated in 17,300-17,600 yuan / ton, and the price of ordinary fish meal is 13,100-13,200 yuan / ton. Therefore, it is very necessary to find a composite protein source that can replace fish meal economically and does not affect the growth and quality of fish. Food texture is the sensory manifestation of food materials and structural properties, which directly affects the oral behavior, flavor release and sensory pleasure of food, and is an important factor affecting consumers' preference and acceptability of food (Chen Wei, 2021). Improving the texture of fish maw can further improve the quality of fish glue, which is crucial to meet the needs of consumers and the market. At present, the texture of fish maw can be improved by adding broad bean extract (Liu Guoquan, 2022), but there are no relevant literature reports on the use of composite protein sources to replace fish meal to reduce breeding costs and improve texture. Therefore, reducing the breeding cost does not affect the growth of the fish body. It can also improve the texture of the fish bladder and thus improve the quality of fish maw, which is also a highlight of improving the quality of fish maw. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to try to use two low-priced composite protein sources that will not excessively affect the physiological indicators of light-colored yellow croaker to appropriately replace fish meal, and to explore the degree of influence on the texture of the fish bladder, so as to develop a composite protein source that can effectively improve the quality of the light-colored yellow croaker maw, promote the healthy development of the light-colored yellow croaker breeding industry, and meet the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry.

[0005] The invention provides a composite protein source which can replace fish meal in an appropriate amount and improve the texture of fish maw. The composite protein source can replace fish meal to a certain extent in an appropriate amount and improve the texture of the fish maw of the light-colored yellow croaker without affecting the growth of the light-colored yellow croaker.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] The invention discloses a composite protein source which can replace fish meal in appropriate amount and improve the texture of fish maw, comprising hydrolyzed feather meal and corn protein meal.

[0008] Preferably, the mass ratio of the hydrolyzed feather meal to the corn gluten meal is 2:3.

[0009] Each kilogram of the composite protein source comprises: 400.0 g of hydrolyzed feather meal and 600.0 g of corn protein meal.

[0010] Experiments have shown that the best effect is to replace 5.0-10.0% of the feed mass of fish meal when the ratio is 2:3.

[0011] An application of the above-mentioned composite protein source that can replace fish meal in an appropriate amount and improve the texture of fish maw is used as feed.

[0012] Preferably, it is used to improve the texture of fish maw.

[0013] Preferably, the texture of the fish maw includes one or more of hardness, brittleness, elasticity, chewiness, adhesiveness, and resilience.

[0014] Preferably, the added amount of the composite protein source accounts for 5.0-10.0% of the feed weight percentage.

[0015] Preferably, the composite protein source can replace fish meal to a certain extent in an appropriate amount. As the replacement increases, the physical properties of the light-colored yellow croaker maw, such as crispness / hardness, chewiness, elasticity, cohesiveness, and adhesiveness, can be improved, and the texture of the light-colored yellow croaker maw can be improved.

[0016] Preferably, the composite protein source is added to the basal feed to replace fish meal in an appropriate amount.

[0017] Preferably, the texture of the swim bladder of light-colored yellow croaker can be improved without having a significant impact on the growth of light-colored yellow croaker.

[0018] A feed obtained by the above application.

[0019] Preferably, the feed includes light-colored yellow croaker feed

[0020] Preferably, the following raw materials are included: the composite protein source, other protein source raw materials, fat source raw materials, sugar source raw materials, and auxiliary materials.

[0021] Preferably, the raw materials include: the composite protein source, fish meal, soy protein concentrate, puffed soybean meal, chicken meal, shrimp meal, brewer's yeast powder, fish oil, soybean oil, cassava starch, α-starch, multivitamin and mineral premix, squid paste, choline chloride, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, betaine, lutein, hydroxyproline and taurine.

[0022] Preferably, the raw materials are included in parts by mass: 5-10 parts of the composite protein source, 35-40 parts of Peruvian fish meal, 10 parts of concentrated soy protein, 4 parts of puffed soybean meal, 2 parts of chicken meal, 1 part of shrimp meal, 1 part of brewer's yeast powder, 5.5-6 parts of fish oil, 2 parts of soybean oil, 14.8-15.3 parts of cassava starch, 5 parts of α-starch, 2 parts of multivitamin and mineral premix, 3 parts of cuttlefish paste, 0.5 parts of choline chloride, 1 part of monocalcium phosphate, 1 part of betaine, 0.2 parts of lutein, 1 part of hydroxyproline, and 0.5 parts of taurine.

[0023] Preferably, the above feed is prepared by the following steps:

[0024] S1. Pre-crush the hydrolyzed feather meal and corn protein meal components, pass them through a 60-80 mesh sieve, and mix them manually or by an automatic mixer to obtain the above-mentioned composite protein premix;

[0025] S2. The above-mentioned complex protein source mixture is added to the feed in different proportions to replace fish meal to varying degrees.

[0026] The implementation of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0027] The present invention adds 5% to 10.0% of a composite protein source to replace fish meal, thereby improving the physical properties of the light-colored yellow croaker's maw, such as crispness / hardness, chewiness, elasticity, cohesiveness, and adhesiveness, without having a significant impact on the growth of the light-colored yellow croaker, and further improving the texture of the maw. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention will be described in further detail below.

[0029] Example 1

[0030] A composite protein source that can replace fish meal in appropriate amounts and improve the texture of fish maw. The proportion of fish meal added to feed is 5.0%.

[0031] Example 2

[0032] A composite protein source that can replace fish meal in appropriate amounts and improve the texture of fish maw. The proportion of fish meal added to feed is 10.0%.

[0033] Example 3

[0034] A composite protein source that can replace fish meal in appropriate amounts and improve the texture of fish maw. The proportion of fish meal added to feed is 15.0%.

[0035] Example 4

[0036] A composite protein source that can replace fish meal in appropriate amounts and improve the texture of fish maw. The proportion of fish meal added to feed is 20.0%.

[0037] Comparative Example

[0038] The proportion of compound protein source added in the feed is 0.0%, that is, no compound protein source is added.

[0039] Effect Example 1

[0040] According to the addition ratio of the composite protein source in Examples 1-4, the Peruvian fish meal of different gradients was replaced in appropriate amounts, and relevant test groups were set up for aquaculture test.

[0041] Effect test of feed of the present invention

[0042] The breeding experiment was conducted in the offshore fish cages of Nan'ao Linhai Experimental Station of Shantou University in Wupingzhai Village, Nan'ao County, Shantou City, Guangdong Province. The fry were purchased from local fry in Nan'ao County, Shantou City, Guangdong Province, and the purchased fry were transported to the breeding fish cages of Nan'ao Linhai Experimental Station of Shantou University by live water boat. The experimental fry were transferred to 3m×3m×2m seawater cages and fasted for 24h, and then fed with Yuequn brand marine fish seedling commercial feed for 2 weeks. The total daily feed amount of 5.0% of body weight was fed three times at 7:00, 12:00 and 18:00, and healthy, uniform-sized light-colored yellow croaker was selected as the experimental fish. The seawater temperature was recorded regularly every day, and dead fish were fished out in time.

[0043] Five groups of experiments were set up according to the addition ratio of the composite protein source in the embodiment and the comparative example, and compound feeds were prepared according to the content composition of each component. The experiment was repeated three times for each treatment group, and 5 kinds of equal fat and nitrogen experimental feeds were designed to carry out an 8-week breeding experiment.

[0044] After two weeks of domestication, the experimental fish were fasted for 24 hours before the formal experiment. The uniform and healthy temporary fish were fished out from the 3m×3m×2m seawater cage and placed in a trawl cage. 25 fish (initial weight 11.18±0.59g) were randomly selected from the trawl cage and placed in a small drum containing 0.02% 2-phenoxyethanol seawater for anesthesia. The surface moisture of the fish was wiped with a semi-dry towel, and each fish was weighed and placed in the corresponding experimental cage. Three parallels were set up for each group, each of which corresponded to a 1m×1m×2m small cage, and 25 light-colored yellow croakers were placed in each small cage. A total of 18 cages and 450 light-colored yellow croakers were used. The weight was recorded according to the group mark. If the experimental fish died two days before the formal experiment, new fish could be added after weighing, and the weight of the dead fish and the weight of the newly added fish were recorded.

[0045] After the formal experiment began, the light-colored yellow croaker was fed with experimental feed. Feed was given at 3.0% of body weight every day, twice a day, at 7:00 and 17:30 respectively. The amount of feed was adjusted once a week according to the prediction of the daily weight gain rate of the light-colored yellow croaker. The total weekly feed amount of each cage was recorded. The sea water temperature was recorded regularly every week, and dead fish were fished out in time. During the breeding period, the sea area temperature was 26.0-29.0℃, the salinity was 30.5-32.5ppt; the pH value was 8.07-8.14; the dissolved oxygen was 7.34-7.54mg / L; the ammonia nitrogen content was <0.05mg / L; the nitrite content was <0.005mg / L; the sulfide content was <0.005mg / L.

[0046] The difference between the embodiment and the comparative example is that no complex protein source is added in the comparative example.

[0047] The above examples and comparative examples are shown in Table 1.

[0048] Table 1

[0049] Raw material composition (%) Comparative Example Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Complex protein source 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 Peruvian Fishmeal 45.00 40.00 35.00 30.00 25.00 Soy Protein Concentrate 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 Extruded soybean meal 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 Chicken Meal 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 Shrimp powder 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Brewer's Yeast Powder 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 fish oil 5.00 5.50 6.00 6.50 7.00 Soybean Oil 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 Tapioca starch 15.80 15.30 14.80 14.30 13.80 α-Starch 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 Multivitamin Premix 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 Squid Paste 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 Choline chloride 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 Calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Betaine 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Lutein 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 Hydroxyproline 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Taurine 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50

[0050] Among them, the multivitamin and multimineral premix is ​​a mixture of multivitamins and multiminerals in a 1:1 ratio; each kilogram of multivitamins includes: vitamin A: 1,000,000-3,000,000IU, vitamin D3: 500,000-1,000,0001U, vitamin E: 4,500-15,000mg, vitamin K3: 1,350-4,500mg, vitamin B1: 270-900mg, vitamin B2: 432-1,440mg, vitamin B6: 2,700-9,000mg, vitamin B12: 5-10mg, niacinamide: 5,000-21,000mg, Folic acid: 450-1,500mg, calcium pantothenate: 2,700-9,000mg, vitamin C: 3,000-10,000mg, biotin: 10-30mg, inositol: 3,600-12,000mg; each kilogram of multi-minerals includes: amino acid copper complex: 3,000-12,000mg, amino acid iron complex: 5,000-20,000mg, amino acid zinc complex: 8,000-32,000mg, amino acid manganese complex: 10,000-40,000mg, calcium iodate: 200-800mg, sodium selenite: 100-400mg.

[0051] The nutritional components of the above comparative example and example feeds are shown in Table 2.

[0052] Table 2

[0053]

[0054] Note: In Table 2, data are mean ± standard error (n = 3); in the same data, those without the same lowercase letters in the superscripts indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).

[0055] After the breeding experiment, all the experimental fish were fasted for 24 hours and anesthetized in seawater containing 0.02% 2-phenoxyethanol. The surface moisture of the fish was wiped with a semi-dry towel, and the weight and body length of each fish were measured. The growth performance index was calculated. The test results are shown in Table 3.

[0056] Table 3

[0057]

[0058]

[0059] Note: In Table 3, data are mean ± standard error (n = 3); in the same data, those without the same lowercase letters in the superscripts indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).

[0060] It can be seen from the growth indicators in Table 3 that in the process of adding the composite protein source to the feed to replace fish meal to different degrees, it was found that with the increase in the degree of fish meal replacement, some growth indicators showed a downward trend, but the specific growth rate of Examples 1 and 2 was not significantly different from that of the comparative example, and Example 1 had the largest swim bladder to body ratio and survival rate. In Examples 3 and 4, the increase in the replacement of the composite protein source significantly reduced the growth and fatness of the fish body, and the feed coefficient increased. Comprehensive comparison, the replacement of 5.0%-10.0% of the composite protein source in Examples 1 and 2 had little effect on the growth of light-colored yellow croaker.

[0061] The fish body was then dissected, the swim bladder was taken out, and the fresh part of the swim bladder at the same position of the comparative example and Examples 1-4 was taken, and the physical properties were tested using a texture analyzer (Universal TA, Shanghai Tengba Instrument Technology Co., Ltd., China) within 24 hours. The measurement results are shown in Table 4.

[0062] The test results are shown in Table 4.

[0063] Table 4

[0064] index Comparative Example Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 hardness 86.28±4.8 93.62±5.21 102.96±7 86.28±9.01 86.06±6.49 viscosity <![CDATA[1.31±0.1 b ]]> <![CDATA[1.1±0.11 ab ]]> <![CDATA[1.06±0.08 ab ]]> <![CDATA[1.06±0.17 ab ]]> <![CDATA[0.84±0.18 a ]]> elasticity 0.65±0.04a <![CDATA[0.75±0.04a b ]]> <![CDATA[0.74±0.05a b ]]> <![CDATA[0.7±0.04a b ]]> <![CDATA[0.79±0.04 b ]]> Chewability 33.67±4.18 36.32±1.97 42.68±4.26 34.7±5.25 42.57±3.99 Stickiness 50.83±4.48 48.87±1.26 57.05±3.5 48.48±6.26 53.71±4.3 Cohesiveness <![CDATA[0.58±0.02 ab ]]> <![CDATA[0.53±0.02 a ]]> <![CDATA[0.56±0.02 ab ]]> <![CDATA[0.56±0.03 ab ]]> <![CDATA[0.63±0.01 b ]]> Responsiveness 1.01±0.26 1.84±0.12 1.7±0.34 1.86±0.35 1.51±0.28

[0065] Note: In Table 4, data are mean ± standard error (n = 3); in the same data, those without the same lowercase letters in the superscript indicate significant differences (P < 0.05)

[0066] From the fish bladder texture index data in Table 4, it can be found that with the addition of the composite protein source, the hardness / brittleness, elasticity, chewiness, adhesion and resilience of the fish bladder all have an upward trend to varying degrees. Without affecting the growth of light-colored yellow croaker, compared with the control example, the fish bladder texture hardness, elasticity, chewiness and resilience of Example 1 and Example 2 are better; among the examples and the control examples, Example 2 has the greatest hardness, chewiness and adhesion, and in addition, the elasticity and resilience of the fish bladder texture of Example 2 are also higher than the control example. In Examples 3 and 4, the hardness and viscosity of the fish bladder are smaller than those of the control group and Examples 1 and 2, and Example 3 has the smallest adhesion and chewiness. Although the adhesion and chewiness of the fish bladder are increased in Example 4, this state has a greater impact on the growth of the fish body. Therefore, in a comprehensive comparison, the effects of Examples 1 and 2 are better than those of Examples 3 and 4.

[0067] In summary, the texture of the maw of light-colored yellow croaker can be improved by adding different concentrations of composite protein sources to replace fish meal, and when the degree of replacement is 5.0%-10.0%, without having a significant impact on the growth of light-colored yellow croaker, the physical properties of the maw such as brittleness / hardness, chewiness, elasticity, cohesiveness, and adhesiveness can be increased, thereby improving the quality of the maw of light-colored yellow croaker and improving the taste of the maw.

[0068] From the test results of the effect of the feed of the present invention, it can be seen that the composite protein source can replace 5.0%-10.0% of fish meal, and will not have a significant impact on the growth of light-colored yellow croaker, can improve the texture of the light-colored yellow croaker's maw, and has the effect of significantly improving the quality of the maw.

[0069] The above disclosure is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, which certainly cannot be used to limit the scope of the present invention. Therefore, equivalent changes made according to the claims of the present invention are still within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A composite protein source that can replace fish meal in an appropriate amount and improve the texture of fish maw, characterized in that: Includes hydrolyzed feather meal and corn gluten meal.

2. The composite protein source that can replace fish meal in an appropriate amount and improve the texture of fish maw according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the hydrolyzed feather meal to the corn gluten meal is 2:

3.

3. An application of the composite protein source according to claim 1 that can replace fish meal in an appropriate amount and improve the texture of fish maw, characterized in that: Used as feed.

4. The use according to claim 3, characterized in that: Used to improve the texture of fish maw.

5. The application according to claim 3, characterized in that: The fish maw texture includes one or more of hardness, brittleness, elasticity, chewiness, adhesiveness, and resilience.

6. The use according to claim 3, characterized in that: The added amount of the composite protein source accounts for 5.0-10.0% of the feed weight.

7. A feed obtained according to the use of claim 3.

8. The feed according to claim 7, characterized in that: The feed includes light-colored yellow croaker feed.

9. The feed according to claim 7, characterized in that: The raw materials include: the composite protein source, fish meal, soybean protein concentrate, puffed soybean meal, chicken meal, shrimp meal, brewer's yeast powder, fish oil, soybean oil, cassava starch, α-starch, multivitamin and multi-mineral premix, squid paste, choline chloride, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, betaine, lutein, hydroxyproline and taurine.

10. The feed according to claim 7, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of the composite protein source, 35-40 parts of Peruvian fish meal, 10 parts of concentrated soy protein, 4 parts of puffed soybean meal, 2 parts of chicken meal, 1 part of shrimp meal, 1 part of brewer's yeast powder, 5.5-6 parts of fish oil, 2 parts of soybean oil, 14.8-15.3 parts of cassava starch, 5 parts of α-starch, 2 parts of multivitamin and mineral premix, 3 parts of cuttlefish paste, 0.5 parts of choline chloride, 1 part of monocalcium phosphate, 1 part of betaine, 0.2 parts of lutein, 1 part of hydroxyproline and 0.5 parts of taurine.

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