Titanium steel dissimilar metal material electron beam fuse additive manufacturing method

Abstract

The invention provides an electron beam fuse additive manufacturing method for a titanium steel dissimilar metal material, and belongs to the technical field of additive manufacturing. The problems that in the prior art, titanium / steel heterogeneous materials are high in cost, low in efficiency, high in interface brittleness, poor in flexibility, difficult to achieve interface connection and the like are solved. The method comprises the following steps that 1, a printing wire and an additive substrate are pretreated; step 2, performing three-dimensional modeling on a titanium steel heterogeneous metal material object to be printed, performing slicing treatment importing, and setting a scanning path, preheating parameters and printing process parameters; 3, adjusting equipment for 3D scanning and printing; and 4, 3D scanning printing is conducted according to the set printing program, printing wires in the step 1 are 316L stainless steel wires and pure Cu wires, the additive substrate is a TC4 substrate, the diameter of the 316L stainless steel wires in the step 1 is 1-1.2 mm, and the diameter of the pure Cu wires in the step 1 is 1.6 mm. The method is mainly used for manufacturing titanium steel dissimilar metal materials.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of additive manufacturing, and in particular relates to an electron beam fuse additive manufacturing method for titanium steel heterogeneous metal materials. Background Art

[0002] With the development of modern technology, a single material can no longer meet people's growing needs. Compared with traditional materials, multi-metal materials, with their unique properties, provide many advantages for materials exposed to extreme working environments, greatly expanding the service environment of materials. Among them, titanium / steel heterogeneous metal materials can combine the advantages of two materials, give full play to the complementary advantages of the two materials in performance and economy, minimize costs and improve material performance. In the aerospace field, it is widely used in engine fuel storage tanks, satellite propulsion devices, and cooling system structural parts. However, due to the many differences in the physical and chemical properties of titanium and steel, direct bonding often causes serious failure due to the presence of hard and brittle Fe-Ti intermetallic compounds. Existing solid-state welding is a commonly used method for connecting titanium / steel. There are many main connection technologies for titanium materials, such as explosion welding, diffusion welding and stir friction welding. However, solid-state connection technology has high requirements for the connection mating surface, and requires a flat or nearly flat mating surface. These requirements greatly limit the structural characteristics of material parts, resulting in low process flexibility of solid-state connection technology, difficulty in connecting complex structural materials, and lack of good industrial adaptability. In addition, titanium / steel heterogeneous materials have the characteristics of high activity, large melting point difference, high interface brittleness and poor flexibility, which makes it difficult to quickly prepare and shape titanium / steel heterogeneous materials with high quality, which in turn causes great difficulties in the mass production of key aerospace components using titanium / steel heterogeneous materials. The manufacturing problems existing in titanium / steel heterogeneous materials have greatly limited the further application of such metal materials in industry. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of this, the present invention aims to propose a method for electron beam fuse additive manufacturing of titanium-steel heterogeneous metal materials to solve the problems of high cost, low efficiency, high interface brittleness, poor flexibility and difficulty in achieving interface connection of titanium / steel heterogeneous materials in the prior art.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0005] A titanium steel heterogeneous metal material electron beam fuse additive manufacturing method, which comprises the following steps:

[0006] Step 1: Pre-treat the printing filament and additive substrate;

[0007] Step 2: 3D model the titanium steel heterogeneous metal material to be printed, import it through slicing, and set the scanning path, preheating parameters, and printing process parameters;

[0008] Step 3: Adjust the 3D scanning and printing equipment;

[0009] Step 4: Follow the set printing procedure to perform 3D scanning and printing.

[0010] Furthermore, in step 1, the printing filaments are 316L stainless steel filaments and pure Cu filaments, and the additive substrate is a TC4 substrate.

[0011] Furthermore, in step 1, the diameter of the 316L stainless steel wire is 1-1.2 mm, and the diameter of the pure Cu wire is 1.6 mm.

[0012] Furthermore, the pre-processing of the printing filament and the additive substrate in step 1 includes the following steps:

[0013] S1: pickling 316L stainless steel wire and pure Cu wire;

[0014] S2: Soak and clean the 316L stainless steel wire and pure Cu wire in acetone;

[0015] S3: Place the 316L stainless steel wire and the pure Cu wire in a drying oven and dry them at a constant temperature of 50°C for 2 hours;

[0016] S4: Use an angle grinder to grind the surface of the TC4 substrate until the surface is smooth and clean;

[0017] S5: Wipe the surface of the TC4 substrate with acetone and alcohol, and then soak and clean it with acetone;

[0018] S6: Place the TC4 substrate in a drying oven and dry it at a constant temperature of 50°C for 2 hours.

[0019] Furthermore, in step 2, the angles between the wire feeding outlets of the two wire feeding systems and the TC4 substrate and the distances between the ends of the two printing wires and the lower beam position of the electron beam are adjusted.

[0020] Furthermore, in step 4, a middle Cu layer is first printed, and then 316L stainless steel is printed to obtain a physical object of refractory TC4 / Cu / 316L heterogeneous metal material.

[0021] Furthermore, in step 4, two intermediate Cu layers are printed first, and then 316L stainless steel is printed to obtain the refractory TC4 / Cu / 316L heterogeneous metal material.

[0022] Furthermore, in step 4, three intermediate Cu layers are printed first, and then 316L stainless steel is printed to obtain the refractory TC4 / Cu / 316L heterogeneous metal material.

[0023] Furthermore, in step 4, the 3D printing is performed in a vacuum environment with a vacuum pressure of 9.9×10-3 Pa.

[0024] Furthermore, in step 2, the scanning path is a cyclic reciprocating linear motion path, the preheating parameters are: beam density is 25-30mA, preheating printing speed is 500-600mm / min, printing process parameters are: acceleration voltage is 60kV, focusing current is 1080mA, printing beam current of printing filament is 25mA-35mA, scanning speed is 1.4m / min-1.8m / min, knob control speed coefficient is 100%, printing speed is 500-600mm / min, and interlayer cooling time is 10s.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] 1. The method for preparing TC4 / 316L heterogeneous metal materials provided by the present invention uses wire as printing material and Cu layer transition to successfully achieve a stable titanium / steel interface. At the same time, it has low material cost and high deposition efficiency, and can quickly and directly form complex TC4 / 316L heterogeneous material components. By adjusting the process parameters, TC4 / 316L heterogeneous material components with excellent forming properties and excellent mechanical properties can be obtained.

[0027] 2. The present invention uses electron beam as the heat source for melting the printing filament. Electron beam technology has the advantages of high power, high energy utilization, adaptability to vacuum processing environment and high deposition efficiency, which can effectively prevent the generation of brittle oxide impurities during the printing process and affect the performance of the heterogeneous interface. The use of electron beam for additive manufacturing can achieve high-quality and rapid preparation and forming of large and complex metal components, effectively solving the problem of difficult forming of TC4 / 316L heterogeneous metal materials.

[0028] 3. The TC4 / 316L heterogeneous metal material obtained by the present invention has excellent mechanical properties, and the heterogeneous interface shear strength can reach more than 190MPa, which exceeds the titanium / steel directly connected components prepared by other methods.

[0029] 4. The present invention is extensible and can be applied to the fuse deposition of large-sized complex components of other multi-metal / gradient alloys, and has strong practicality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] The accompanying drawings constituting a part of the present invention are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0031] Figure 1 The sample morphology of the prepared TC4 / 316L heterogeneous metal component;

[0032] Figure 2This is the microstructure phase diagram of the TC4 / 316L heterogeneous interface obtained by the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 The interface microstructure diagram of TC4 / Cu;

[0034] Figure 4 This is the interface microstructure diagram of Cu / 316L;

[0035] Figure 5 This is the interface shear strength displacement curve of the TC4 / 316L heterogeneous metal component obtained by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely explain the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict, and the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments.

[0037] Specific implementation method 1: See Figure 1-5 The present embodiment describes a method for electron beam fuse additive manufacturing of titanium steel heterogeneous metal materials, which comprises the following steps:

[0038] Step 1: Pre-treat the printing filament and additive substrate;

[0039] Step 2: 3D model the titanium steel heterogeneous metal material to be printed, import it through slicing, and set the scanning path, preheating parameters, and printing process parameters;

[0040] Step 3: Adjust the 3D scanning and printing equipment;

[0041] Step 4: Follow the set printing procedure to perform 3D scanning and printing.

[0042] In step 1, the printing filaments are 316L stainless steel wire and pure Cu wire, and the additive substrate is a TC4 substrate. In step 1, the diameter of the 316L stainless steel wire is 1-1.2 mm, and the diameter of the pure Cu wire is 1.6 mm. In step 2, the angles between the wire feeding outlets of the two wire feeding systems and the TC4 substrate and the distances between the ends of the two printing filaments and the lower beam position of the electron beam are adjusted.

[0043] The printing wire and the additive substrate are pretreated; the printing wire is 316L stainless steel wire and pure Cu wire, and the additive substrate is TC4 substrate. The titanium / steel heterogeneous metal material to be printed is 3D modeled, and sliced ​​and imported, and the scanning path, preheating parameters and printing process parameters are set, and the 3D scanning and printing equipment is adjusted: the angle between the wire feeding outlet of the two wire feeding systems and the TC4 substrate is adjusted to a given angle; the distance between the ends of the two printing wires and the lower beam position of the electron beam is adjusted to a given distance, and 3D scanning and printing are performed according to the set printing program, first printing a middle Cu layer, and then printing 316L stainless steel, and finally obtaining the refractory TC4 / Cu / 316L heterogeneous metal material.

[0044] Among them, 3D scanning and printing are carried out in a vacuum environment with a vacuum pressure of 9.9×10 -3 Pa.

[0045] In this embodiment, there are two types of printing filaments, corresponding to two wire feeding systems.

[0046] In this embodiment, the heat source used to melt the printing filament is an electron beam.

[0047] In this embodiment, the 3D printing device includes a wire feeding system, a cooling system, a computer control terminal and a studio. There is a workbench in the studio (mainly used for printing), and the studio can be evacuated to make the printing environment a vacuum environment.

[0048] In this embodiment, the stainless steel wire is 316L wire, and the 316L wire mainly includes 16.71wt.% Cr element, 11.62wt.% Ni element, 2.16wt.% Mn element, 2.31wt.% Mo element, and the rest are Fe elements. The pure Cu wire is pure Cu wire, and the pure Cu wire mainly includes >99.9wt.% Cu element.

[0049] In this embodiment, the TC4 substrate is a titanium substrate. TC4 is a type of α+β dual-phase titanium alloy, a high-strength material with low density, good corrosion resistance and toughness. The TC4 substrate mainly includes 6.1wt.% Al element, 3.92wt.% V element, and the rest are Ti elements.

[0050] In this embodiment, the diameter of the 316L stainless steel wire is 1 mm, the diameter of the pure Cu wire is 1.6 mm, and the size of the TC4 substrate is 150 mm×10 mm×10 mm.

[0051] In this embodiment, the pre-processing of the printing filament and the additive substrate in step 1 includes the following steps:

[0052] S1: pickling 316L stainless steel wire and pure Cu wire;

[0053] S2: Soak and clean the 316L stainless steel wire and pure Cu wire in acetone;

[0054] S3: Place the 316L stainless steel wire and the pure Cu wire in a drying oven and dry them at a constant temperature of 50°C for 2 hours;

[0055] S4: Use an angle grinder to grind the surface of the TC4 substrate until the surface is smooth and clean;

[0056] S5: Wipe the surface of the TC4 substrate with acetone and alcohol, and then soak and clean it with acetone;

[0057] S6: Place the TC4 substrate in a drying oven and dry it at a constant temperature of 50°C for 2 hours.

[0058] Acid pickling of the printing filament can remove the oxide layer on the surface of the printing filament. Immersing and cleaning with acetone can remove oil and other contaminants on the surface of the printing filament. Constant temperature drying of the printing filament can remove excess moisture. Under proper insulation, the residual deformation in the printing filament can be reduced. The surface of the TC4 substrate is polished with an angle grinder until the surface is smooth and clean. The surface of the TC4 substrate is wiped with acetone and alcohol in turn. It is soaked and cleaned with acetone. The TC4 substrate is placed in a drying oven and dried at a constant temperature of 50°C for 2 hours. The surface of the TC4 substrate is wiped with acetone and alcohol in turn to remove oil and other contaminants on the surface of the TC4 substrate.

[0059] In this embodiment, the scanning path in step 2 is a cyclic reciprocating linear motion path, the preheating parameters are: beam density is 30mA, preheating printing speed is 600mm / min, printing process parameters are: acceleration voltage is 60kV, focusing current is 1080mA, printing beam current of printing wire is 25mA-35mA, scanning speed is 1.4m / min-1.8m / min, knob control speed coefficient is 100%, printing speed is 500mm / min, interlayer cooling time is 10s, wherein the printing speed is the running speed of the substrate during scanning printing, and the preheating printing speed is the running speed of the substrate during preheating.

[0060] The morphology of the TC4 / 316L heterogeneous metal material prepared by this embodiment is shown in FIG. Figure 1 As shown, based on the single-layer Cu deposition, 10 layers of 316L stainless steel were deposited in a linear reciprocating path to obtain a TC4 / 316L heterogeneous metal component with three-dimensional dimensions of 80 mm (length) × 9 mm (width) × 20 mm (height).

[0061] The microstructure phase diagram of the TC4 / 316L heterogeneous cross section prepared by this embodiment shows that the obtained XRD diffraction pattern covers five regions including TC4, TC4 / Cu interface, Cu, Cu / 316L interface and 316L at the same time. Figure 2 In the phase diagram, we can see the coexistence of α-Ti phase, ε-Cu and austenite phase γ-Fe. Cu3Ti, Ti2Cu and a small amount of Fe2Ti compounds were also identified, but no other intermetallic compounds were identified.

[0062] like Figure 3 The microstructure diagram of the TC4 / Cu interface shows that there are two compound layers between TC4 and Cu. The diffusion layer A is mainly composed of long, bright strips and columnar intermetallic compounds close to TC4. These intermetallic compounds grow epitaxially in columnar crystal morphology along the boundary of the molten pool. The B layer is a dissolution layer with sparse structure and complex Ti-Cu compounds. Above the B layer is mainly a dendritic Cu-rich phase. Figure 4 The interfacial microstructure of Cu / 316L shows the presence of a large number of spheres, namely, Fe-rich spheres (dark) in a Cu-rich matrix (light), and Cu-rich spheres in a Fe-rich matrix, showing a typical microstructure that undergoes liquid phase separation due to a metastable miscible gap before solidification.

[0063] Depend on Figure 5 It can be seen that the TC4 / 316L heterogeneous metal component can not only achieve stable interface connection, but also exhibit excellent interface shear resistance, and the interface shear strength exceeds 190MPa.

[0064] Furthermore, this method successfully achieves a stable titanium / steel interface with a Cu layer transition, and has low material cost, high deposition efficiency, and can quickly and directly form complex TC4 / 316L heterogeneous material components. By adjusting the process parameters, TC4 / 316L heterogeneous material components with excellent forming properties and excellent mechanical properties can be obtained. The electron beam is used as the heat source for melting the printed wire. The electron beam technology has the advantages of high power, high energy utilization, adaptation to vacuum processing environment, and high deposition efficiency. It effectively prevents the generation of brittle oxide impurities during the printing process and affects the heterogeneous interface performance. The use of electron beam for additive manufacturing can achieve high-quality and rapid preparation and forming of large and complex metal components, effectively solving the problem of difficult forming of TC4 / 316L heterogeneous metal materials. At the same time, the obtained TC4 / 316L heterogeneous metal material has excellent mechanical properties, and the heterogeneous interface shear strength can reach more than 190MPa, which exceeds the titanium / steel directly connected components prepared by other methods at present. It has generalizability and can be applied to the fuse deposition of large-size complex components of other multi-metal / gradient alloys, and has strong practicality.

[0065] Specific implementation method 2: See Figure 1-5This embodiment describes a method for electron beam fuse additive manufacturing of titanium / steel heterogeneous metal materials, including the following steps:

[0066] Step 1: Pre-treating the printing filament and the additive substrate, wherein the printing filament is 316L stainless steel filament and pure Cu filament, and the additive substrate is TC4 substrate;

[0067] Step 2: Set up the printing program: 3D model the titanium / steel heterogeneous metal material to be printed, import it through slicing, set the scanning path, preheating parameters and printing process parameters;

[0068] Step 3: Adjust the 3D scanning and printing equipment: adjust the angle between the wire feeding outlets of the two wire feeding systems and the TC4 substrate to a given angle, and adjust the distance between the ends of the two printing filaments and the lower beam position of the electron beam to a given distance;

[0069] Step 4: Perform 3D scanning and printing according to the set printing program. First print 2 layers of intermediate Cu layer, then print 316L stainless steel, and finally obtain the refractory TC4 / Cu / 316L heterogeneous metal material.

[0070] Among them, 3D scanning and printing is carried out in a vacuum environment.

[0071] In this embodiment, there are two types of printing filaments and two corresponding wire feeding systems, and the heat source for melting the printing filaments is an electron beam.

[0072] In this embodiment, the 3D printing device includes a wire feeding system, a cooling system, a computer control terminal and a studio. There is a workbench in the studio (mainly used for printing), and the studio can be evacuated to make the printing environment a vacuum environment.

[0073] In this embodiment, the stainless steel wire uses 316L wire, and the 316L wire mainly includes 17.71wt.% Cr element, 12.62wt.% Ni element, 2.16wt.% Mn element, 2.21wt.% Mo element, and the rest are Fe elements. The pure Cu wire uses pure Cu wire, and the pure Cu wire mainly includes >99.9wt.% Cu element.

[0074] In this embodiment, the TC4 substrate is a titanium substrate. TC4 is a type of α+β dual-phase titanium alloy, a high-strength material with low density, good corrosion resistance and toughness. The TC4 substrate mainly includes 6.1wt.% Al element, 3.92wt.% V element, and the rest are Ti elements.

[0075] In this embodiment, the diameter of the 316L stainless steel wire in step 1 is 1.2 mm, the diameter of the pure Cu wire is 1.6 mm, and the size of the TC4 substrate is 150 mm×10 mm×10 mm.

[0076] In this embodiment, the pre-processing of the printing filament and the additive substrate in step 1 includes the following steps:

[0077] S1: Pickling the printing filament to remove the oxide layer on the surface of the printing filament;

[0078] S2: Use acetone to soak and clean to remove oil and other contaminants on the surface of the printing filament;

[0079] S3: Constant temperature drying of the printing filament can remove excess moisture and, under appropriate heat preservation conditions, reduce residual deformation in the printing filament;

[0080] S4: Use an angle grinder to grind the surface of the TC4 substrate until the surface is smooth and clean;

[0081] S5: Use acetone and alcohol to wipe the surface of the TC4 substrate, and use acetone to soak and clean it;

[0082] S6: Place the TC4 substrate in a drying oven and dry it at a constant temperature of 50°C for 2 hours.

[0083] In this embodiment, the scanning path in step 2 is a cyclic reciprocating linear motion path, the preheating parameters are: beam density is 25mA, preheating printing speed is 500mm / min, printing process parameters are: acceleration voltage is 60kV, focusing current is 1080mA, printing beam current of printing wire is 30mA-35mA, scanning speed is 1.4m / min-1.8m / min, knob control speed coefficient is 100%, printing speed is 600mm / min, and interlayer cooling time is 10s.

[0084] Specific implementation method three: see Figure 1-5 The present embodiment describes a method for electron beam fuse additive manufacturing of titanium steel heterogeneous metal materials, which comprises the following steps:

[0085] Step 1: Pre-treating the printing filament and the additive substrate, wherein the printing filament is 316L stainless steel filament and pure Cu filament, and the additive substrate is TC4 substrate;

[0086] Step 2: Set up the printing program: 3D model the titanium / steel heterogeneous metal material to be printed, import it through slicing, set the scanning path, preheating parameters and printing process parameters;

[0087] Step 3: Adjust the 3D scanning and printing equipment: adjust the angle between the wire feeding outlets of the two wire feeding systems and the TC4 substrate to a given angle, and adjust the distance between the ends of the two printing filaments and the lower beam position of the electron beam to a given distance;

[0088] Step 4: Perform 3D scanning and printing according to the set printing program. First print 3 layers of intermediate Cu layers, then print 316L stainless steel, and finally obtain the refractory TC4 / Cu / 316L heterogeneous metal material.

[0089] Among them, 3D scanning and printing is carried out in a vacuum environment.

[0090] In this embodiment, there are two types of printing filaments and two corresponding wire feeding systems, and the heat source for melting the printing filaments is an electron beam.

[0091] In this embodiment, the 3D printing device includes a wire feeding system, a cooling system, a computer control terminal and a studio. There is a workbench in the studio (mainly used for printing), and the studio can be evacuated to make the printing environment a vacuum environment.

[0092] In this embodiment, the stainless steel wire uses 316L wire, and the 316L wire mainly includes 17.71wt.% Cr element, 12.62wt.% Ni element, 2.16wt.% Mn element, 2.21wt.% Mo element, and the rest are Fe elements. The pure Cu wire uses pure Cu wire, and the pure Cu wire mainly includes >99.9wt.% Cu element.

[0093] In this embodiment, the TC4 substrate is a titanium substrate. TC4 is a type of α+β dual-phase titanium alloy, a high-strength material with low density, good corrosion resistance and toughness. The TC4 substrate mainly includes 6.1wt.% Al element, 3.92wt.% V element, and the rest are Ti elements.

[0094] In this embodiment, the diameter of the 316L stainless steel wire is 1.2 mm, the diameter of the pure Cu wire is 1.6 mm, and the size of the TC4 substrate is 150 mm×10 mm×10 mm.

[0095] In this embodiment, the pre-processing of the printing filament and the additive substrate in step 1 includes the following steps:

[0096] S1. Pickling the printing filament to remove the oxide layer on the surface of the printing filament;

[0097] S2. Use acetone to soak and clean to remove oil and other contaminants on the surface of the printing filament;

[0098] S3. Drying the printing filament at a constant temperature can remove excess moisture and reduce residual deformation in the printing filament under appropriate heat preservation conditions;

[0099] S4. Use an angle grinder to grind the surface of the TC4 substrate until the surface is smooth and clean;

[0100] S5. Use acetone and alcohol to wipe the surface of the TC4 substrate, and soak and clean it with acetone;

[0101] S6. Place the TC4 substrate in a drying oven and dry it at a constant temperature of 50°C for 2 hours.

[0102] In this embodiment, the scanning path in step 2 is a cyclic reciprocating linear motion path, the preheating parameters are: beam density is 25mA, preheating printing speed is 500mm / min, printing process parameters are: acceleration voltage is 60kV, focusing current is 1080mA, printing beam current of printing wire is 25mA-35mA, scanning speed is 1.7m / min-1.8m / min, knob control speed coefficient is 100%, printing speed is 600mm / min, and interlayer cooling time is 10s.

[0103] The embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are only used to help illustrate the present invention. The embodiments do not describe all the details in detail, nor do they limit the invention to the specific implementation methods described. According to the content of this specification, many modifications and changes can be made. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments in order to better explain the principles and practical applications of the present invention, so that those skilled in the art can understand and use the present invention well.

Claims

1. A titanium steel heterogeneous metal material electron beam fuse additive manufacturing method, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: Step 1: Pre-treat the printing filament and additive substrate; Step 2: 3D model the titanium steel heterogeneous metal material to be printed, import it through slicing, and set the scanning path, preheating parameters, and printing process parameters; Step 3: Adjust the 3D scanning and printing equipment; Step 4: Follow the set printing procedure to perform 3D scanning and printing.

2. The method for electron beam fuse additive manufacturing of titanium steel heterogeneous metal materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, the printing filaments are 316L stainless steel filaments and pure Cu filaments, and the additive substrate is TC4 substrate.

3. The method for electron beam fuse additive manufacturing of titanium steel heterogeneous metal materials according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step 1, the diameter of the 316L stainless steel wire is 1-1.2 mm, and the diameter of the pure Cu wire is 1.6 mm.

4. The method for electron beam fuse additive manufacturing of titanium steel heterogeneous metal materials according to claim 2, characterized in that: The pre-processing of the printing filament and additive substrate in step 1 includes the following steps: S1: pickling 316L stainless steel wire and pure Cu wire; S2: Soak and clean the 316L stainless steel wire and pure Cu wire in acetone; S3: Place the 316L stainless steel wire and the pure Cu wire in a drying oven and dry them at a constant temperature of 50°C for 2 hours; S4: Use an angle grinder to grind the surface of the TC4 substrate until the surface is smooth and clean; S5: Wipe the surface of the TC4 substrate with acetone and alcohol, and then soak and clean it with acetone; S6: Place the TC4 substrate in a drying oven and dry it at a constant temperature of 50°C for 2 hours.

5. The method for electron beam fuse additive manufacturing of titanium steel heterogeneous metal materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, adjust the angle between the wire outlets of the two wire feeding systems and the TC4 substrate, as well as the distance between the ends of the two printing wires and the lower beam position of the electron beam.

6. The method for electron beam fuse additive manufacturing of titanium steel heterogeneous metal materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 4, first print one intermediate Cu layer, and then print 316L stainless steel to obtain the refractory TC4 / Cu / 316L heterogeneous metal material.

7. The method for electron beam fuse additive manufacturing of titanium steel heterogeneous metal materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 4, two intermediate Cu layers are printed first, and then 316L stainless steel is printed to obtain the refractory TC4 / Cu / 316L heterogeneous metal material.

8. The method for electron beam fuse additive manufacturing of titanium steel heterogeneous metal materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 4, three intermediate Cu layers are printed first, and then 316L stainless steel is printed to obtain the refractory TC4 / Cu / 316L heterogeneous metal material.

9. A titanium steel heterogeneous metal material electron beam fuse additive manufacturing method according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that: In step 4, 3D printing is performed in a vacuum environment with a vacuum pressure of 9.9×10 -3 Pa.

10. The electron beam fuse additive manufacturing method of titanium steel heterogeneous metal material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, the scanning path is a cyclic reciprocating linear motion path, the preheating parameters are: beam density is 25-30mA, preheating printing speed is 500-600mm / min, printing process parameters are: acceleration voltage is 60kV, focusing current is 1080mA, printing beam current of printing wire is 25mA-35mA, scanning speed is 1.4m / min-1.8m / min, knob control speed coefficient is 100%, printing speed is 500-600mm / min, and interlayer cooling time is 10s.

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