Scandium-containing silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material and preparation method thereof
By adding scandium and silicon carbide particles to the aluminum-based composite material and adopting hot extrusion, solid solution and aging treatment processes, the problem of the reduction in strength of traditional aluminum-based composite materials at high temperatures is solved, and high strength performance at high temperatures is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202311103984.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-08-30
- Publication Date
- 2025-02-28
AI Technical Summary
The strength of the traditional 2xxx series aluminum-based composite materials has dropped sharply at high temperatures, limiting their high-temperature service applications in the aerospace, automobile industry and other fields.
The composite material with high temperature and high strength is prepared by adding 0.1%-0.4% scandium to the aluminum alloy matrix and using 10%-20% silicon carbide particles, combined with hot extrusion, solid solution and aging treatment processes, a composite material with high temperature and high strength is prepared.
At 100°C, 200°C and 300°C, the yield strength and tensile strength of the composite material reach more than 400 MPa, more than 300 MPa and more than 100 MPa, respectively, which significantly improves the strength performance of the aluminum-based composite material at high temperatures.
Smart Images
Figure CN119530633A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite materials, and in particular to a scandium-containing silicon carbide particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material and a preparation method thereof. Background Art
[0002] SiC particle reinforced aluminum-based composites are widely used in aerospace, automotive industry, electronic packaging and other fields due to their lightweight characteristics and excellent mechanical properties such as high specific strength and high specific modulus. However, the operating temperature of traditional 2xxx series aluminum-based composites generally does not exceed 150-170°C. Above this temperature range, the nano-second phase particles in the aluminum alloy that are relied on for strengthening will be severely coarsened, causing the strength of the composite material to decrease sharply with increasing temperature. This limits the application of aluminum-based composites under high-temperature service conditions in the fields of aerospace, automotive industry, etc. Therefore, how to prepare aluminum-based composites with high strength at high temperatures has become an important issue that needs to be solved at present. Summary of the invention
[0003] In view of the defects in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a scandium-containing silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material and a preparation method thereof.
[0004] According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a scandium-containing silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material, which comprises, by mass percentage, 10%-20% silicon carbide particles and 80%-90% aluminum alloy matrix; wherein the aluminum alloy matrix contains 0.1%-0.4% scandium.
[0005] Furthermore, the aluminum alloy matrix includes 2XXX series aluminum alloy and Al-Sc master alloy, wherein the mass fraction of Sc in the Al-Sc master alloy is 2%.
[0006] According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for preparing the above-mentioned scandium-containing silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material is provided, and the preparation method comprises:
[0007] Melting the 2XXX series aluminum alloy and the Al-Sc master alloy according to a mass ratio to obtain a molten aluminum alloy;
[0008] Adding SiC particles to the molten aluminum alloy, and uniformly dispersing the SiC particles in the molten aluminum alloy by mechanical stirring to obtain a molten liquid containing SiC particles;
[0009] Cooling the molten liquid to room temperature to obtain a green body;
[0010] hot-extrude the green body through a die to obtain an extruded rod;
[0011] Solution treating the extruded rod, followed by quenching water cooling;
[0012] The extruded rod after the solution treatment is subjected to aging treatment, and then cooled to room temperature in a furnace to obtain a scandium-containing silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material.
[0013] Furthermore, the step of melting the 2XXX series aluminum alloy and the Al-Sc master alloy to obtain the molten aluminum alloy comprises: melting the 2XXX series aluminum alloy and the Al-Sc alloy in a smelting furnace at a temperature of 750-800° C. and fully stirring them.
[0014] Furthermore, the step of making the SiC particles uniformly distributed in the molten aluminum alloy comprises: keeping the alloy at a temperature of 750-800° C. for at least 30 minutes and stirring the alloy sufficiently during the keeping temperature period.
[0015] Furthermore, the green body is hot extruded in a mold, wherein the hot extrusion temperature is 400-450° C. and the extrusion ratio is 20:1-25:1.
[0016] Furthermore, the extruded rod is subjected to a solution treatment, wherein the temperature of the solution treatment is 470-495° C. and the holding time is 1-3 hours.
[0017] Furthermore, the extruded rod after the solution treatment is subjected to an aging treatment, wherein the aging treatment temperature is 120-170° C. and the insulation time is 4-24 hours.
[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least one of the following beneficial effects:
[0019] The scandium-containing silicon carbide particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material and the preparation method thereof provided by the present invention have a simple preparation process, and the prepared composite material can maintain relatively high strength at high temperatures. At 100°C, the yield strength can reach above 400MPa, and the tensile strength can reach above 430MPa; at 200°C, the yield strength can reach above 300MPa, and the tensile strength can reach above 330MPa; at 300°C, the yield strength can reach above 100MPa, and the tensile strength can reach above 120MPa. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0020] Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments made with reference to the following drawings:
[0021] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a method for preparing a scandium-containing silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0022] Figure 2: is a metallographic image of the scandium-containing silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material according to an embodiment of the present invention; wherein a is a metallographic image at 200 times, and b is a metallographic image at 500 times;
[0023] Figure 3 This is a comparison chart of the tensile strength of the scandium-containing silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material at different temperatures in an embodiment of the present invention and the aluminum-based composite material without scandium. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0024] The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. The following embodiments will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention in any form. It should be noted that, for those of ordinary skill in the art, several variations and improvements may be made without departing from the concept of the present invention. These all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
[0025] Trace doping elements is an effective way to improve the high temperature performance and thermal stability of aluminum alloys. Adding trace scandium can significantly improve the strength, corrosion resistance, welding performance, etc. of aluminum alloys. Scandium can refine grains and inhibit recrystallization in aluminum alloys. Scandium exists mainly in the form of intermetallic compound Al3Sc in the aluminum alloy matrix. Nano-scale Al3Sc is dispersed in the aluminum alloy and will not undergo obvious coarsening at 300°C. Therefore, below 300°C, trace addition of scandium can significantly improve the mechanical properties of aluminum alloys such as yield strength and tensile strength.
[0026] To this end, an embodiment of the present invention provides a scandium-containing silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material. The composite material includes, by mass percentage: 10%-20% silicon carbide particles and 80%-90% aluminum alloy matrix; wherein, based on the mass of the aluminum alloy matrix, the aluminum alloy matrix contains 0.1%-0.4% scandium.
[0027] Furthermore, the aluminum alloy matrix includes 2XXX series aluminum alloy and Al-Sc master alloy, wherein the mass fraction of Sc in the Al-Sc master alloy is 2%, and the 2XXX series aluminum alloy has higher strength, better wear resistance and good cutting performance.
[0028] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the scandium-containing silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material. Figure 1 , the preparation method comprises:
[0029] S1, melting a 2XXX series aluminum alloy and an Al-Sc master alloy in a crucible according to a mass ratio to obtain a molten aluminum alloy;
[0030] S2, adding SiC particles to the molten aluminum alloy, and uniformly dispersing the SiC particles in the molten aluminum alloy by mechanical stirring to obtain a molten liquid containing SiC particles;
[0031] S3, cooling the molten liquid to room temperature to obtain a green body;
[0032] S4, hot extruding the green body through a die to obtain an extruded rod;
[0033] S5, solution treating the extruded rod, followed by quenching water cooling;
[0034] S6, performing aging treatment on the extruded rod after the solution treatment, and then cooling it to room temperature in the furnace to obtain a scandium-containing silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material. The metallographic image of the composite material is as follows: Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the SiC particles are evenly dispersed without obvious agglomeration.
[0035] In some embodiments, in step S1, melting the 2XXX aluminum alloy and the Al-Sc master alloy according to a mass ratio includes: melting the 2XXX aluminum alloy and the Al-Sc master alloy in a melting furnace at a temperature of 750-800°C, and keeping the temperature for more than 30 minutes, during which the molten liquid is fully stirred. This temperature range allows the 2XXX aluminum alloy and the Al-Sc master alloy to be fully melted (>750°C), while ensuring that the alloy elements will not be severely burned (<800°C).
[0036] In some embodiments, in step S2, distributing SiC particles uniformly in the molten aluminum alloy comprises: maintaining the temperature at 750-800° C. for at least 30 minutes and sufficiently stirring during the maintaining period.
[0037] In some embodiments, in step S4, the green body is hot extruded in a mold, wherein the hot extrusion temperature is 400-450° C. and the extrusion ratio is 20: 1-25: 1. Within the hot extrusion temperature and extrusion ratio range, it is ensured that the extruded rod is fully recrystallized after thermal deformation.
[0038] In some embodiments, in step S5, the extruded rod is subjected to a solution treatment, wherein the solution treatment temperature is 470-495° C. and the holding time is 1-3 hours. Within the solution temperature and time range, the alloying elements in the aluminum alloy matrix can be completely dissolved back without burning.
[0039] In some embodiments, in step S6, the extruded rod after the solution treatment is subjected to aging treatment, wherein the aging treatment temperature is 120-170° C. and the holding time is 4-24 hours. Within the aging temperature and time range, a fine and dispersed precipitate phase can be formed in the aluminum alloy matrix, thereby improving the strength of the composite material.
[0040] The scandium-containing silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material and the preparation method thereof provided in the above embodiments of the present invention have a simple preparation process and strong operability. The composite material maintains high strength at high temperatures. Figure 3 As shown, the prepared composite material has a yield strength of more than 400 MPa and a tensile strength of more than 430 MPa at 100°C; at 200°C, its yield strength can reach more than 300 MPa and a tensile strength can reach more than 330 MPa; at 300°C, its yield strength can reach 100 MPa and a tensile strength can reach 120 MPa. Taking the silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material without scandium as a control, the tensile strength is increased by more than 18%.
[0041] The scandium-containing silicon carbide particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material and the preparation method thereof are further described with more detailed examples.
[0042] The aluminum-based composite material described in the following examples has the following components by mass percentage: silicon carbide (SiC) particles account for 15%, and 2A14 aluminum alloy matrix accounts for 85%; in the 85% 2A14 aluminum alloy matrix, the following components by mass percentage: scandium (Sc) accounts for 0.2%, and the rest is 2A14 aluminum alloy. Figure 1 The process flow shown was implemented, the metallographic structure of the composite was characterized by optical microscopy, and the high-temperature tensile properties of the composite were measured by NEZSCH LFA447.
[0043] Example 1
[0044] The preparation method of the scandium-containing silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material provided in this embodiment comprises the following steps:
[0045] Step 1: 9 kg of 2A14 aluminum alloy and 1 kg of Al-2wt.%Sc master alloy are added into a crucible of a melting furnace and heated to 800°C and kept at this temperature for 30 minutes, during which time they are stirred thoroughly to be completely dissolved;
[0046] Step 2: Add 1.76 kg of SiC particles and keep the temperature at 800°C for 30 minutes, stirring thoroughly during the process to make the SiC particles evenly distributed in the matrix;
[0047] Step 3: Cooling the molten liquid obtained in step 3 to room temperature;
[0048] Step 4: hot extruding the green body obtained in step 4 at 400° C. with an extrusion ratio of 22.5:1;
[0049] Step 5: subjecting the extruded rod obtained in step 5 to solution treatment at 475° C. for 1 hour, followed by quenching water cooling;
[0050] Step 7: subjecting the extruded rod obtained in step 6 after the solution treatment to aging treatment at 120°C for 24 hours, and then cooling it to room temperature with the furnace to obtain a scandium-containing silicon carbide particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material, whose yield strength can reach 428MPa and tensile strength can reach 438MPa at 100°C; its yield strength can reach 333MPa and tensile strength can reach 337MPa at 200°C; its yield strength can reach 138MPa and tensile strength can reach 141MPa at 300°C.
[0051] Example 2
[0052] The preparation method of the scandium-containing silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material provided in this embodiment comprises the following steps:
[0053] Step 1: 18 kg of 2A14 aluminum alloy and 2 kg of Al-2wt.%Sc master alloy are added into a crucible of a melting furnace and heated to 750°C and kept at this temperature for 30 minutes, during which time they are stirred thoroughly to be completely dissolved;
[0054] Step 2: Add 5 kg of SiC particles and keep the temperature at 750 ° C for at least 30 minutes, stirring thoroughly during the process to make the SiC particles evenly distributed in the matrix;
[0055] Step 3: Cooling the molten liquid obtained in step 3 to room temperature;
[0056] Step 4: hot extruding the green body obtained in step 4 at 425° C. with an extrusion ratio of 25:1;
[0057] Step 5: subjecting the extruded rod obtained in step 5 to solution treatment at 495° C. for 1.5 hours, followed by quenching water cooling;
[0058] Step 6: The extruded rod obtained after the solution treatment in step 6 is subjected to aging treatment at 170°C for 4 hours, and then cooled to room temperature with the furnace to obtain a scandium-containing silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material. At 100°C, its yield strength can reach 425MPa and its tensile strength can reach 437MPa; at 200°C, its yield strength can reach 331MPa and its tensile strength can reach 342MPa; at 300°C, its yield strength can reach 140MPa and its tensile strength can reach 152MPa.
[0059] The above describes the specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above specific embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make various modifications or variations within the scope of the claims, which does not affect the essence of the present invention. The above preferred features can be used in any combination without conflicting with each other.
Claims
1. A scandium-containing silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material, characterized in that: In terms of mass percentage, the invention comprises: 10-20% of silicon carbide particles and 80-90% of an aluminum alloy matrix; wherein, based on the mass of the aluminum alloy matrix, the aluminum alloy matrix contains 0.1%-0.4% of scandium.
2. The scandium-containing silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aluminum alloy matrix comprises 2XXX series aluminum alloy and Al-Sc master alloy, wherein the mass fraction of Sc in the Al-Sc master alloy is 2%.
3. A method for preparing the scandium-containing silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: include: Melting the 2XXX series aluminum alloy and the Al-Sc master alloy according to a mass ratio to obtain a molten aluminum alloy; Adding SiC particles to the molten aluminum alloy, and uniformly dispersing the SiC particles in the molten aluminum alloy by mechanical stirring to obtain a molten liquid containing SiC particles; Cooling the molten liquid to room temperature to obtain a green body; hot-extrude the green body through a die to obtain an extruded rod; Solution treating the extruded rod, followed by quenching water cooling; The extruded rod after the solution treatment is subjected to aging treatment, and then cooled to room temperature in a furnace to obtain a scandium-containing silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material.
4. The method for preparing the scandium-containing silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material according to claim 3, characterized in that: The melting of the 2XXX series aluminum alloy and the Al-Sc master alloy according to the mass ratio comprises: melting the 2XXX series aluminum alloy and the Al-Sc master alloy in a melting furnace at a temperature of 750-800° C. and fully stirring them.
5. The method for preparing the scandium-containing silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material according to claim 3, characterized in that: The method of making the SiC particles uniformly distributed in the molten aluminum alloy comprises: keeping the temperature at 750-800° C. for at least 30 minutes and stirring the molten aluminum alloy sufficiently during the keeping temperature period.
6. The method for preparing the scandium-containing silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material according to claim 3, characterized in that: The green body is hot extruded through a die, wherein the hot extrusion temperature is 400-450° C. and the extrusion ratio is 20:1-25:
1.
7. The method for preparing the scandium-containing silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material according to claim 3, characterized in that: The extruded rod is subjected to a solution treatment, wherein the temperature of the solution treatment is 470-495° C. and the holding time is 1-3 hours.
8. The method for preparing the scandium-containing silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material according to claim 3, characterized in that: The extruded rod after the solution treatment is subjected to aging treatment, wherein the aging treatment temperature is 120-170° C. and the insulation time is 4-24 hours.