Wireless monitoring system and monitoring method for real-time deformation of negative ring duct piece during shield tunnel starting tunneling

Abstract

The invention discloses a wireless monitoring system for real-time deformation of a negative ring segment during shield tunnel starting tunneling, which comprises a standard block, an adjacent block and a top sealing block which are mounted on the negative ring segment, and a data acquisition system for monitoring corner deformation in X, Y and Z directions generated by the negative ring segment; the data post-processing system comprises a local server and is used for cleaning and pre-processing the monitoring data and calculating deformation data by applying a corresponding algorithm in the local server; the visual monitoring system is used for carrying out three-dimensional visual dynamic display on the negative ring duct piece according to the deformation data and the accumulated deformation data; when the threshold value is exceeded, alarm processing is carried out. The system has the beneficial effects that real-time automatic acquisition, remote wireless data transmission and remote real-time monitoring and early warning of negative ring duct piece deformation during shield tunnel starting tunneling can be achieved, and the requirement for shield attitude control during shield tunnel starting tunneling construction is met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of tunnel construction monitoring, and in particular to a wireless monitoring system and method for real-time deformation of negative ring segments during initial excavation of a shield tunnel. Background Art

[0002] With the needs of economic development, in order to break the economic barriers caused by geographical location and ensure the coordinated development of regional economies, more and more tunnel construction projects are crossing rivers and seas. Among the many tunnel construction methods, the shield method has become the preferred method for tunnel construction due to its advantages of strong safety, high construction efficiency, and less impact from geology and climate. When the shield tunnel is excavated, the negative ring segment is not constrained by the surrounding rock and soil layer, and it undergoes a large deformation under the thrust of the shield machine jack, which increases the ellipticity of the negative ring segment of the shield tunnel, directly affecting the starting posture of the shield machine. It is easy to deviate from the designed tunnel axis during the excavation process, resulting in failure to enter the tunnel, thereby causing engineering accidents and causing losses to people's lives and national property. Therefore, when the shield machine is excavated and constructed, it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of the deformation of the negative ring segment to ensure that the shield machine enters the tunnel smoothly with an accurate posture.

[0003] The Chinese patent with the publication number of the prior art document CN 114233299 A discloses a method and device for monitoring the displacement of a shield tunnel segment, including a mobile trolley installed on the track at the bottom of the shield tunnel, a laser rangefinder arranged on the mobile trolley, and a reflective sheet installed on the segment at the monitoring point of the shield tunnel wall. The mobile trolley can move along the track. The mobile trolley is also provided with a driving mechanism for driving the laser rangefinder to rotate along the circumferential direction of the shield tunnel and an angle measuring mechanism for measuring the rotation angle of the laser rangefinder. The patent mainly uses the mobile trolley to drive the laser rangefinder, the driving mechanism, and the angle measuring mechanism, and cooperates with the reflective sheet to realize the distance angle with the mobile trolley as the reference object. However, the above patent requires adjustment of the laser rangefinder for each monitoring, which involves relatively cumbersome calculations. In addition, the trolley will vibrate during movement and stopping. Combined with the vibrations caused by the shield machine during operation, there will be large human errors during the monitoring process, resulting in deviations in the measurement results. In addition, in the actual monitoring process, there are fewer monitoring positions, and the deformation of the negative ring segment cannot be fed back in time, resulting in low efficiency and being unfavorable to the information management of engineering construction projects.

[0004] Therefore, it is a problem worth studying to provide a wireless monitoring system and method for the real-time deformation of the negative ring segments during the initial excavation of a shield tunnel. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the deficiencies existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to enable the engineering team to manage the construction process more efficiently and accurately through refined, automated and real-time monitoring, while also providing important guarantees for subsequent maintenance.

[0006] The object of the present invention is achieved in that: The present invention provides a wireless monitoring system for real-time deformation of negative ring segments during initial excavation of a shield tunnel, comprising a plurality of standard blocks connected to the negative ring segments; the plurality of standard blocks are connected to form an arc-shaped structure, an adjacent block connected to the movable end of the standard block and a capping block located between two adjacent blocks; A data acquisition system, which monitors the rotational deformation of the negative ring segment in three directions, namely, X, Y and Z, and includes attitude sensors arranged on the standard block, the adjacent block and the capping block. The attitude sensors collect and record the deformation in a time series to generate monitoring data; A data post-processing system, including a local server, cleans and pre-processes the monitoring data, and calculates the deformation data using a corresponding algorithm in the local server; The visual monitoring system receives the deformation data, and performs three-dimensional visual dynamic display of the negative ring segment according to the deformation data and the accumulated deformation data; compares the deformation data with a preset threshold value, and issues an alarm when the threshold value is exceeded.

[0007] In some embodiments, the data acquisition system includes a cloud server for storing and archiving the deformation monitored by the posture sensor to generate monitoring data; the deformation under the auxiliary time series is transmitted to the cloud, and the local server is connected to the cloud server via wireless communication to assist the local server in automatically downloading the monitoring data from the cloud.

[0008] In some embodiments, the attitude sensor includes a fixed base, a high-precision gyroscope, a GPS positioning module, an LTE-IOT wireless transmission module and a battery unit, wherein the high-precision gyroscope, the GPS positioning module, the LTE-IOT wireless transmission module and the battery unit are packaged on the fixed base through a shell; the high-precision gyroscope is used to collect the rotation angle of the negative ring segment; The GPS positioning module is used to collect coordinate information of the installation positions of multiple attitude sensors; The LTE-IOT wireless transmission module is used to wirelessly transmit the rotation angle and coordinate information; The battery unit is used to provide power for the high-precision gyroscope, GPS positioning module, and LTE-IOT wireless transmission module.

[0009] In some implementations, the posture sensor automatically collects deformation at a certain frequency, and the collection frequency is once every 5-8 minutes.

[0010] In some embodiments, the fixed base is installed on the inner side of the standard block, the adjacent block, and the capping block by means of fisheye bolts.

[0011] In some embodiments, the fixed bases are arranged at intervals of 1 to 2 m along the circumferential inner wall of the shield tunnel and at intervals of 2 m along the longitudinal inner wall.

[0012] In some embodiments, the visualization monitoring system includes a visualization control terminal, which is communicatively connected to the data post-processing system, and the ratio of the three-dimensional refined deformation model of the negative ring segment is 1:1~20.

[0013] In some implementations, the visual control terminal issues an alarm by flashing a window, pop-up window reminder, SMS notification, or email.

[0014] In some embodiments, the visual control terminal is a computer, a tablet computer, a mobile phone, or other handheld devices.

[0015] A wireless monitoring method for real-time deformation of negative ring segments during initial excavation of a shield tunnel comprises the following steps: S1: Establishing the real-time data acquisition system for negative ring segments when the shield tunnel is excavated: The attitude sensors are arranged on the inner wall of the negative ring segment along the circumferential and longitudinal directions of the shield tunnel, so that the X direction of the attitude sensors is parallel to the axial direction of the tunnel, and the rotation angles of the negative ring segment in the three-dimensional space coordinate system of X, Y and Z directions are collected; S2: Building a cloud server: The cloud server establishes a wireless communication connection with the attitude sensor, and is able to receive the rotation angles of the negative ring segments uploaded by all attitude sensors, archive and store them, and generate monitoring data; S3: Establish data post-processing system: The local server is placed in the control room of the shield tunnel project, and the monitoring data is automatically downloaded from the cloud server for cleaning and preprocessing. The overall cumulative deformation and the current deformation of the negative ring segment are obtained according to the corresponding algorithm, and transmitted to the visual monitoring system via wired or wireless transmission. S4: Real-time deformation monitoring and early warning of negative ring segments during initial excavation of shield tunnels: The visualization monitoring system performs a three-dimensional visualization dynamic display of the negative ring segment according to the current deformation data and the accumulated deformation data, and compares and analyzes it with the preset threshold value. According to the analysis results, the real-time deformation of the negative ring segment is monitored and warned when the shield tunnel is initially excavated, and an alarm is issued when the threshold value is exceeded; S5: Remove the gesture sensor: After the negative ring segments assembled earlier are stable, the attitude sensors are removed and the device is ready for use.

[0016] Positive beneficial effects: The wireless monitoring system for real-time deformation of negative ring segments during initial excavation of a shield tunnel of the present invention cooperates with a data acquisition system, a data post-processing system and a visualization monitoring system to realize real-time automatic collection of deformation of negative ring segments during initial excavation of a shield tunnel, remote wireless data transmission, and remote real-time monitoring and early warning, thereby meeting the demand for shield attitude control during initial excavation of a shield tunnel. During use, it not only improves construction safety, but also optimizes construction accuracy and efficiency, further reduces human errors, and provides important data support for construction decisions; Through refined, automated and real-time monitoring, the engineering team can manage the construction process more efficiently and accurately, while also providing important guarantees for subsequent maintenance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a wireless monitoring system for real-time deformation of negative ring segments during initial excavation of a shield tunnel provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 A site layout diagram of a wireless monitoring system for real-time deformation of negative ring segments during initial excavation of a shield tunnel provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of a fixed base; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the rotation angle of the negative ring segment in the X-axis direction; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the rotation angle of the negative ring segment in the Y-axis direction; Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the rotation angle of the negative ring segment in the Z-axis direction.

[0018] The figure shows: attitude sensor 1, high-precision gyroscope 101, GPS positioning module 102, LTE-IOT wireless transmission module 103, battery unit 104, fixed base 2, cloud server 3, local server 4, corresponding algorithm 5, visual control terminal 6, computer 7, tablet computer 8, mobile phone 9, standard block 10, adjacent block 11, capping block 12, signal base station 13, Internet 14, bolt hole 15, fisheye bolt 16, hand hole 17, oblique bolt 18, rotation angle around X axis 19, rotation angle around Y axis 20, rotation angle around Z axis 21. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0020] First embodiment: The embodiment of the present invention provides a wireless monitoring system for real-time deformation of negative ring segments during initial excavation of a shield tunnel. Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the shield tunnel negative ring segment includes a plurality of standard blocks 10 connected in sequence, two adjacent blocks 11 and a capping block 12, the plurality of standard blocks 10 are spliced ​​with each other to form a superior arc structure, the two adjacent blocks 11 are respectively connected to the two open ends connected to the superior arc structure, a strip trough structure is formed between the two adjacent blocks 11, and the capping block 12 is located between the two adjacent blocks 11; The detection system also includes a data acquisition system, a data post-processing system and a visual monitoring system; A three-dimensional coordinate system is established with the length direction of the shield tunnel as the "X" axis direction, and the direction of the "X" axis is parallel to the axial direction of the shield tunnel. The data acquisition system is mainly used to monitor the angular deformation of the negative ring segment in the three directions of X, Y and Z. The data acquisition system includes a posture sensor 1 set on the standard block 10, the adjacent block 11, and the capping block 12. During installation, the posture sensor 1 is set with "X" as a parallel reference so that its coordinate direction is consistent with the three-dimensional coordinate system of the shield tunnel direction. The angular deformation of the standard block 10, the adjacent block 11 and the capping block 12 is collected and recorded by the posture sensor 1. And the time when the deformation occurs, that is, the deformation of the rotation angle of the negative ring segment in the time series, generates monitoring data. Specifically, the data acquisition system also includes a cloud server 3. The deformation monitored by the attitude sensor 1 is transmitted to the cloud server 3 through wireless communication. The cloud server 3 stores and summarizes the deformation data and time data to generate monitoring data. In this way, the data acquisition system can realize real-time wireless transmission of data to the cloud server 3 in the tunnel with low energy consumption, complete the real-time monitoring and data collection of the monitoring points on the negative ring segment, and improve the defects of manual regular monitoring and fewer monitoring points. Furthermore, the posture sensor 1 automatically collects the deformation at a certain frequency, the collection frequency is once every 5-8 minutes, preferably once every 5 minutes to automatically collect the deformation data; The attitude sensor 1 includes a high-precision gyroscope 101, a GPS positioning module 102, an LTE-IOT wireless transmission module 103 and a battery unit 104. The high-precision gyroscope 101, the GPS positioning module 102, the LTE-IOT wireless transmission module 103 and the battery unit 104 are encapsulated on a fixed base 2 through a PC material shell. The fixed base 2 is made of acrylic glass and its size is the same as that of the attitude sensor 1 shell. When installing the attitude sensor 1, three bolt holes 15 can be set on the fixed base 2, two of which are used for bolt connection with the shell, and one is installed with a fisheye bolt 16, which is convenient for later removal of the fixed base 2 using a single hook, thereby realizing the overall removal of the attitude sensor 1.

[0021] The inner walls of the standard block 10, the adjacent block 11, and the capping block 12 are all installed with a posture sensor 1, and each standard block 10, each adjacent block 11, and each capping block 12 is provided with a plurality of posture sensors 1; Among them, the high-precision gyroscope 101 is mainly used to collect the rotation angle of the negative ring segment. According to the rotation angle data of the negative ring segment in different time periods, it can analyze whether the segment has undergone excessive deformation, displacement or rotation; the GPS positioning module 102 is used to collect the coordinate information of the installation positions of multiple attitude sensors 1, and realize the detection of the rotation angle of the negative ring segment at multiple positions, thereby realizing the stereoscopic measurement of the rotation angle of the negative ring segment as a whole; the LTE-IOT wireless transmission module 103 is used to wirelessly transmit the rotation angle and coordinate information. Based on LTE-IOT wireless transmission technology, that is, the Internet of Things high-speed data transmission technology, the rotation angle and coordinate information of the standard block 10, the adjacent block 11, and the capping block 12 can be uploaded to the cloud server 3 to generate monitoring data; the battery unit 104 is used to provide power for the high-precision gyroscope 101, the GPS positioning module 102, and the LTE-IOT wireless transmission module 103.

[0022] The data post-processing system includes a local server 4, which cleans and pre-processes the monitoring data, and applies the corresponding algorithm 5 in the local server 4 to calculate the deformation data. Furthermore, the local server 4 is connected to the cloud server 3 through wireless communication, which assists the local server 4 in automatically downloading the monitoring data from the cloud. The Internet 14 is used to achieve interconnection with the cloud server 3, and the data connection is unified and complete. The original data is processed in a timely manner according to the corresponding algorithm 5, which improves the efficiency of data analysis. The visual monitoring system receives the deformation data, performs a three-dimensional visual dynamic display of the negative ring segment based on the deformation data and the accumulated deformation data, compares the deformation data with the preset threshold, and issues an alarm when the threshold is exceeded; It realizes real-time remote visual monitoring of the deformation of the negative ring segments, early warning and display of warning points, so that management personnel can find problems in time and take disposal measures, saving manpower and time costs.

[0023] The application of the wireless monitoring system for real-time deformation of negative ring segments during initial excavation of shield tunnels in shield tunnel construction has brought about many significant beneficial effects. The specific beneficial effects are: 1. Improve construction safety and accuracy: The real-time deformation monitoring system accurately tracks the deformation of the segments during shield tunnel construction, promptly detects potential risks and issues alarms, effectively improving construction safety. The real-time data provided by the system provides a scientific basis for decision-making for the construction team, helps engineers assess construction progress and structural safety, and reduces damage caused by excessive deformation or accidents. In addition, real-time feedback and alarms can also improve construction accuracy and avoid the lag and errors existing in traditional methods.

[0024] 2. Enhance construction efficiency and automation level: The system realizes automated data collection and analysis, reduces manual intervention, and thus improves construction efficiency; engineers can optimize construction parameters and adjust construction strategies based on real-time data to increase advancement speed and resource utilization; automated monitoring reduces manual errors, improves overall construction quality and progress, and the system can quickly respond to emergencies and adjust the construction process in a timely manner.

[0025] 3. Cost savings and post-maintenance: Despite the large initial investment, the real-time monitoring system has long-term benefits in terms of cost savings. It has the advantage of optimizing construction plans by reducing accidents and repairs. At the same time, the deformation data provided by the system provides valuable reference for post-tunnel maintenance, ensuring the long-term stable operation of the facility.

[0026] Generally speaking, the introduction of this system has brought many beneficial effects to the shield tunnel construction. Through the wireless monitoring system for real-time deformation of negative ring segments when the shield tunnel is initially excavated, the data acquisition system, the data post-processing system and the visualization monitoring system cooperate with each other, so as to realize the real-time automatic collection of deformation of negative ring segments when the shield tunnel is initially excavated, remote wireless transmission of data and remote real-time monitoring and early warning, so as to meet the demand for shield posture control during the initial excavation of the shield tunnel. In use, it not only improves construction safety, but also optimizes construction accuracy and efficiency, further reduces human errors, and provides important data support for construction decisions. Through refined, automated and real-time monitoring, the engineering team can manage the construction process more efficiently and accurately, and also provides important guarantees for later maintenance.

[0027] According to another aspect of the present invention, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for wirelessly monitoring the real-time deformation of negative ring segments when a shield tunnel is initially excavated, using the wireless monitoring system for real-time deformation of negative ring segments when a shield tunnel is initially excavated as described above, the monitoring method comprises the following steps: S1: Establish a wireless monitoring system for the real-time deformation of negative ring segments during the initial excavation of shield tunnels: The attitude sensor 1 is arranged on the inner wall of the negative ring segment along the circumferential and longitudinal directions of the shield tunnel, so that the X direction of the attitude sensor 1 is parallel to the axial direction of the tunnel, and the rotation angles of the negative ring segment in the three-dimensional space coordinate system of X, Y and Z directions are collected; S2: Build the server: The server is connected to the attitude sensor 1 through wireless communication, and can receive the rotation angles of the negative ring segments uploaded by all attitude sensors 1, archive and store them, and generate monitoring data; S3: Establish data post-processing system: The local server 4 is arranged in the control room of the shield tunnel project, and the monitoring data is automatically downloaded from the server and cleaned and pre-processed, and the overall cumulative deformation and the current deformation of the negative ring segment are obtained according to the corresponding algorithm, and transmitted to the visual monitoring system via wired or wireless transmission; S4: Real-time deformation monitoring and early warning of negative ring segments during initial excavation of shield tunnels: The visual monitoring system performs a three-dimensional visual dynamic display of the negative ring segments based on the current deformation data and the accumulated deformation data, and compares and analyzes them with the preset thresholds. Based on the analysis results, the real-time deformation of the negative ring segments is monitored and warned when the shield tunnel is initially excavated, and an alarm is issued when the threshold is exceeded; S5: Remove the attitude sensor 1: After the negative ring segments assembled earlier are stable, the attitude sensor 1 is removed to complete the use of the device.

[0028] The second embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that: like Figures 4 to 6 As shown, the rotation angle deformation includes the rotation angles in the three directions of the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis in the three-dimensional space coordinate system.

[0029] It should be noted here that Figure 5 , Figure 6 The N in the figure refers to the Nth segment lining of the negative ring segment of the shield tunnel, and N+1 refers to the N+1th segment lining of the negative ring segment of the shield tunnel. The two segment linings are adjacent.

[0030] Specifically, Figure 4 As shown, the negative ring segment standard block 10 generates a rotation angle 19 around the X-axis in the rotational deformation.

[0031] Specifically, Figure 5 As shown, the Nth negative ring segment lining produces a rotation angle of 20 around the Y axis in the rotation deformation relative to the N+1th negative ring segment lining.

[0032] Specifically, Figure 6 As shown, the Nth negative ring segment lining produces a rotation angle 21 around the Z axis in the rotation deformation relative to the N+1th negative ring segment lining.

[0033] In other embodiments, Figures 4 to 6 As shown, the shield tunnel negative ring segment standard block 10, adjacent block 11, capping block 12 and two adjacent negative ring segment linings are connected together by oblique bolts 18, and hand holes 17 are respectively opened at the ends of the two segment linings close to each other. The oblique bolts 18 pass through the hand holes 17 of the two segment linings at the same time to connect the two segment linings.

[0034] In a specific embodiment, Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the data acquisition system includes multiple attitude sensors 1 and a cloud server 3. The attitude sensor 1 is installed on the inner wall of the negative ring segment to collect the rotation angle and record the time, and is uploaded to the cloud server 3 by wireless transmission using the signal base station 13. The base station can transmit real-time data with the attitude sensor 1 through the wireless network. The function of the signal base station 13 is to gather the sensor data and send it to the cloud server 3; the cloud server 3 archives and stores it to generate monitoring data. Specifically, the cloud server 3 stores all the received monitoring data in time series, and classifies and stores them according to the installation location of the segment, sensor number, timestamp and other information. This not only facilitates later data queries, but also helps to build a long-term monitoring database.

[0035] The system transmits the rotation angle data collected by each sensor to the cloud server 3 wirelessly for storage and analysis. The cloud server 3 generates a monitoring report and feeds it back to the construction team through a visualization platform, helping managers to monitor the tunnel construction status in real time and ensure the safety and efficiency of construction. This system not only improves the accuracy and real-time performance of data collection, but also enhances the risk warning capability during the construction process.

[0036] In a more specific embodiment, Figure 2 As shown, the attitude sensor 1 is closely attached to the inner wall of the segment, with the X-axis direction parallel to the tunnel axis direction, and is arranged at an interval of 1 to 2 m in the circumferential direction and 2 m in the longitudinal direction along the shield tunnel.

[0037] Through the above arrangement, the attitude sensor 1 has the advantages of multiple monitoring points, high measurement accuracy, safety and reliability, etc. It can be well applied to the complex environment during the initial excavation and construction period of the shield tunnel, and the monitoring data is relatively accurate.

[0038] In another embodiment, Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the data post-processing system includes a local server 4, which downloads monitoring data from the cloud server 3 and pre-processes it according to the corresponding algorithm 5, for example, eliminating abnormal data and filling missing data to ensure the accuracy and completeness of the data, and finally obtains the overall cumulative deformation and current deformation of the negative ring segment, and communicates with the visualization control terminal 6 through the Internet 14.

[0039] In another embodiment, Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the visual monitoring system can realize real-time monitoring, early warning and information feedback of the deformation of the negative ring segment of the shield tunnel. The specific visual monitoring system includes a visual control terminal 6, which is provided with a user interface. It can be connected to the local server 4 through communication to compare and analyze the overall cumulative deformation of the negative ring segment and the current deformation with the preset threshold, so as to construct the deformation state and deformation trend prediction of the negative ring segment. The cumulative deformation is the sum of all deformations experienced by the negative ring segment since the start of construction, and the current deformation refers to the new deformation of the negative ring segment in the current monitoring period; Managers can easily view real-time deformation data and historical data, and adjust the alarm threshold as needed; the threshold is pre-set by managers or engineers, indicating the safe upper limit of the deformation of the negative ring segment during tunnel construction. It can be set according to the actual standards of the project. When the monitoring data exceeds this threshold, it means that the deformation is large, indicating that there is a potential risk in the tunnel and emergency measures need to be taken.

[0040] The control terminal has a graphical display interface, which can intuitively display the monitoring results, such as a three-dimensional diagram of the deformation situation, the deformation trend of the pipe segment, etc. The visual monitoring system includes a visual control terminal 6, which is connected to the data post-processing system for communication. The ratio of the three-dimensional refined deformation model of the negative ring pipe segment is 1:1~20; Based on the analysis results, the real-time deformation of the negative ring segments during the initial excavation of the shield tunnel can be monitored and warned, and the warning information can be actively fed back to the management personnel; Specifically, if the analysis result does not exceed the warning threshold, the visual control terminal 6 may only display the deformation data, and the management personnel may check the deformation of the pipe segment, but the system will not issue an alarm.

[0041] If the analysis result exceeds the warning threshold, the visual monitoring system will immediately enter the warning state. At this time, the visual control terminal 6 will actively issue a warning to prompt the management personnel to take necessary measures to prevent accidents, thereby ensuring that potential risks are discovered in a timely manner.

[0042] In a specific embodiment, Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the visual control terminal 6 includes a computer 7, a tablet computer 8 and a mobile phone 9, thereby realizing the remote monitoring function. Engineers can access the visual monitoring system anytime and anywhere to query, analyze and make decisions on data, further improving work efficiency.

[0043] In another specific embodiment, the visual control terminal 6 alerts the management personnel in the form of window flashing, pop-up reminders, text message notifications, emails, etc., and preferably uses window flashing and text message notifications to alert the management personnel; the management personnel determine whether to take emergency response measures based on this information, such as stopping construction, reinforcing the structure, or adjusting the construction plan.

[0044] The core function of the system is to monitor, analyze and compare the real-time deformation data of the negative ring segments to ensure timely warnings and prevent accidents if dangerous deformation is found during construction. Managers can respond based on the information fed back by the system to improve the safety and efficiency of the tunnel construction process.

[0045] The third embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that: Other types of monitoring instruments can also be added to the monitoring system to improve the health monitoring system of the shield tunnel and make the monitoring system have good scalability.

[0046] Specifically, it can cooperate with ground strain gauges and deformation monitoring instruments, vibration monitoring instruments, gas monitoring instruments, and crack monitoring instruments to assist the construction of shield tunnels. Through strain gauges and deformation monitoring instruments, the strain of the internal or external structure of the tunnel can be monitored, and the stress state and structural deformation of the shield tunnel can be evaluated in real time; Vibration monitoring instruments can help analyze the impact of vibrations generated during construction on structural stability during the advancement, excavation and support of the shield machine; The concentration of harmful gases such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and methane in the shield tunnel is monitored through gas monitoring instruments; Use crack monitoring instruments to detect cracks in tunnel linings, segments and other structures, and promptly discover cracks and other structural defects that may lead to tunnel damage; Through the coordinated use of the above-mentioned detection instruments, multi-angle monitoring can be carried out at different levels to provide more accurate decision-making support for the project. At the same time, the scalability of the system can meet the needs of different tunnel construction environments and technologies, and achieve more flexible deployment and adjustment.

[0047] The technical features of the above embodiments may be arbitrarily combined. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0048] The above embodiments only express several implementation modes of the present invention, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be pointed out that, for a person of ordinary skill in the art, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. A wireless monitoring system for real-time deformation of negative ring segments during initial excavation of a shield tunnel, comprising a plurality of standard blocks (10) connected to the negative ring segments; the plurality of standard blocks (10) are connected to form an arc-shaped structure, an adjacent block (11) connected to the movable end of the standard block (10) and a capping block (12) located between two adjacent blocks (11), characterized in that: A data acquisition system for monitoring the rotational deformation of the negative ring segment in three directions, namely, X, Y and Z, and comprising a posture sensor (1) arranged on the standard block (10), the adjacent block (11) and the capping block (12), wherein the posture sensor (1) acquires and records the deformation in a time series to generate monitoring data; A data post-processing system, including a local server (4), cleans and pre-processes the monitoring data, and applies a corresponding algorithm (5) in the local server (4) to calculate the current deformation data; The visual monitoring system receives the deformation data, and performs three-dimensional visual dynamic display of the negative ring segment according to the deformation data and the accumulated deformation data; compares the deformation data with a preset threshold value, and issues an alarm when the threshold value is exceeded.

2. According to claim 1, a wireless monitoring system for real-time deformation of negative ring segments during initial excavation of a shield tunnel, characterized in that: The data acquisition system comprises a cloud server (3) for storing and archiving the deformation monitored by the posture sensor (1) to generate monitoring data; The local server (4) is connected to the cloud server (3) via wireless communication, and assists the local server (4) in automatically downloading monitoring data from the cloud.

3. The wireless monitoring system for real-time deformation of negative ring segments during initial excavation of a shield tunnel according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The attitude sensor (1) comprises a fixed base (2), a high-precision gyroscope (101), a GPS positioning module (102), an LTE-IOT wireless transmission module (103) and a battery unit (104); the high-precision gyroscope (101), the GPS positioning module (102), the LTE-IOT wireless transmission module (103) and the battery unit (104) are packaged on the fixed base (2) via a shell; The high-precision gyroscope (101) is used to collect the rotation angle of the negative ring segment; The GPS positioning module (102) is used to collect coordinate information of installation locations of multiple attitude sensors (1); The LTE-IOT wireless transmission module (103) is used to wirelessly transmit the rotation angle and coordinate information; The battery unit (104) is used to provide power for the high-precision gyroscope (101), the GPS positioning module (102), and the LTE-IOT wireless transmission module (103).

4. The wireless monitoring system for real-time deformation of negative ring segments during initial excavation of a shield tunnel according to claim 3 is characterized by: The posture sensor (1) automatically collects deformation at a certain frequency, and the collection frequency is once every 5-8 minutes.

5. The wireless monitoring system for real-time deformation of negative ring segments during initial excavation of a shield tunnel according to claim 3 is characterized by: The fixed base (2) is mounted on the inner sides of the standard block (10), the adjacent block (11), and the capping block (12) via fisheye bolts (16).

6. A wireless monitoring system for real-time deformation of negative ring segments during initial excavation of a shield tunnel according to claim 5, characterized in that: The fixed bases (2) are arranged at intervals of 1 to 2 m along the circumferential inner wall of the shield tunnel and at intervals of 2 m along the longitudinal inner wall.

7. The wireless monitoring system for real-time deformation of negative ring segments during initial excavation of a shield tunnel according to claim 3 is characterized by: The visual monitoring system comprises a visual control terminal (6), the visual control terminal (6) being communicatively connected to the data post-processing system, and the ratio of the three-dimensional refined deformation model of the negative ring segment is 1:1-20.

8. The wireless monitoring system for real-time deformation of negative ring segments during initial excavation of a shield tunnel according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The visual control terminal (6) issues an alarm by flashing a window, pop-up window reminder, SMS notification, or email.

9. A wireless monitoring system for real-time deformation of negative ring segments during initial excavation of a shield tunnel according to claim 8, characterized in that: The visual control terminal (6) is a computer (7), a tablet computer (8), a mobile phone (9) or other handheld devices.

10. A wireless monitoring method for real-time deformation of negative ring segments during initial excavation of a shield tunnel according to any one of claims 3 to 9, characterized in that: The steps include: S1: Establishing the real-time data acquisition system for negative ring segments when the shield tunnel is excavated: The attitude sensors are arranged on the inner wall of the negative ring segment along the circumferential and longitudinal directions of the shield tunnel, so that the X direction of the attitude sensors is parallel to the axial direction of the tunnel, and the rotation angles of the negative ring segment in the three-dimensional space coordinate system of X, Y and Z directions are collected; S2: Building a cloud server: The cloud server establishes a wireless communication connection with the attitude sensor, which can receive the rotation angle of the negative ring segment uploaded by all attitude sensors, archive and store it, and generate monitoring data; S3: Establish a data post-processing system: The local server is placed in the control room of the shield tunnel project, and the monitoring data is automatically downloaded from the cloud server for cleaning and preprocessing. The overall cumulative deformation and the current deformation of the negative ring segment are obtained according to the corresponding algorithm, and transmitted to the visual monitoring system via wired or wireless means; S4: Real-time deformation monitoring and early warning of negative ring segments during initial excavation of shield tunnels: The visual monitoring system performs a three-dimensional visual dynamic display of the negative ring segment based on the current deformation data and the accumulated deformation data, and compares and analyzes it with the preset threshold value. According to the analysis results, the real-time deformation of the negative ring segment is monitored and warned when the shield tunnel is initially excavated, and an alarm is issued when the threshold value is exceeded; S5: Remove the gesture sensor: After the negative ring segments assembled earlier are stable, the attitude sensors are removed and the device is ready for use.

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