The invention relates to the field of construction and tunnel measurement technique, and particularly relates to an automatic measurement and guidance system and an automatic measurement and guidance method related to pipe pushing construction. The automatic measurement and guidance system comprises a full-automatic total station instrument, a wireless radio station, remote control equipment, a computer, an application tool, a pipe pusher, an MTG-T optical target, a prism, a sensor and a control cabinet, wherein the MTG-T optical target is arranged on the head of the pipe pusher; during the pipe pushing process, the whole pipe moves forwards, a travel sensor is arranged on the top of a tunnel portal, a forward vision prism and a reference prism are arranged on the upper wall of an inner cavity of a second tunnel pipe joint of the pipe, and can continuously move according to the pipe joint of the pipe, a back vision prism is arranged on the upper wall of an inner cavity of previous pipe joint of the tail end pipe joint of the pipe, and the total station instrument is arranged at the central position of an inner cavity of the front end pipe joint of the pipe. Compared with the prior art, the automatic measurement and guidance system has the advantages of alleviating the labor intensity of workers, improving the working efficiency and the construction precision of the pipe pushing construction, as well as analyzing and treating, timely controlling and timely making a decision through real-time data, so that the through accuracy between two wells is guaranteed.