The invention discloses inorganic composite thermal mortar, which comprises ordinary Portland cement, coal ash, glass beads, expanded perlite, polypropylene fibers, heavy calcium powder, ash calcium powder, mineral fibers and a composite additive. By adopting the invention, fireproof insulation layers are constructed on the wall space and the top surface of the building effectively, the heat insulation property of the building is greatly improved, energy consumption for heating in winter and cooling in summer is reduced, and the inorganic composite thermal mortar has the advantages of light density, small heat conductivity coefficient, high temperature resistance, fire resistance, safety use, environmental friendliness and durability. The inorganic composite thermal mortar is suitable for thermal insulation construction of wall spaces and roofs, such as reinforced concrete, concrete, aerated concrete blocks, clay bricks, steel structures and the like, and is also suitable for construction of fireproof insulation layers, such as underground garage, elevator wells, tube wells, cold storages and the like.