Large-scale public building dynamic energy consumption evaluation and energy efficiency identification method

Abstract

The invention discloses a dynamic energy consumption evaluation and energy efficiency identification method for a large-scale public building. The method comprises the following steps: step 1, constructing a building energy consumption index evaluation system; step 2, obtaining evaluation energy consumption data; step 3, carrying out energy consumption evaluation; according to the method, building energy consumption is divided into ten sub-target systems, and corresponding evaluation models are established to cover water supply systems, air conditioning systems and the like. Monitoring equipment is installed to achieve energy consumption data collection and real-time monitoring, and a piecewise linear interpolation algorithm is adopted to convert an overall score into an energy efficiency identification grade. According to the method, the building energy consumption index and the system performance index are comprehensively considered, the building energy consumption condition can be comprehensively and effectively reflected, a comprehensive energy consumption evaluation system and report can be formed, and a data basis is provided for building energy consumption research.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of building energy consumption assessment, and in particular relates to a dynamic energy consumption assessment and energy efficiency identification method for large public buildings. Background Art

[0002] With the acceleration of urbanization, building energy consumption has become an important part of urban energy consumption, posing a major challenge to urban carbon emission reduction. In order to promote the construction of low-carbon cities, it is necessary to develop intelligent energy-saving buildings, integrate modern information technology, computer control technology, communication technology, sensor technology, etc., to achieve automatic monitoring, data collection and analysis of building energy use, so as to guide the optimization of building operation and energy-saving replacement of equipment. At present, there are some shortcomings in the field of building energy consumption evaluation, mainly including: 1. The evaluation method based solely on building energy consumption indicators or system energy efficiency indicators has limitations and fails to take both into consideration.

[0003] 2. There are many factors that affect building energy consumption, and the existing evaluation methods are not perfect. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a dynamic energy consumption assessment and energy efficiency identification method for large public buildings, which comprehensively considers the building energy consumption indicators and system performance indicators, can comprehensively and effectively reflect the building energy consumption situation, can form a comprehensive energy consumption evaluation system and report, and provide a data basis for building energy consumption research.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: A method for dynamic energy use assessment and energy efficiency labeling of large public buildings, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Construct a building energy consumption index evaluation system: Step 1.1, divide the sub-target system of building energy use; Step 1.2, establish the sub-goal system evaluation model; Step 2: Obtain evaluation energy consumption data: Step 2.1, install monitoring equipment; Step 2.2, real-time monitoring and data collection; Step 3: Conduct energy consumption evaluation: Step 3.1, calculate the energy consumption index; Step 3.2: Conduct item scoring and weighted scoring; Step 3.3: Make an overall score; Step 4: Generate energy efficiency label: Convert the overall score of energy consumption evaluation into energy efficiency label grade.

[0006] Preferably, in step 1.1, the sub-target system includes at least ten sub-target systems including water supply system, air conditioning system, lighting system, power system, domestic hot water system, electric vehicle charging system, other power systems, elevator system, gas system, and other energy systems; The set of sub-goal systems is expressed as: ,in They correspond to the ten sub-target systems mentioned above respectively; Preferably, in step 1.2, an evaluation model is established for each sub-target system, wherein: (1) Energy consumption evaluation model of water supply system: including the energy consumption of water supply equipment (such as water pumps, etc.); the calculation formula is: , in: : Indicates the energy consumption of water supply system; : Water supply equipment power; : Water supply equipment operation time; (2) Air conditioning system energy consumption evaluation model: including the energy consumption of the refrigeration host (such as chillers), the energy consumption of the chilled water pump, the energy consumption of the cooling water pump, the energy consumption of the cooling tower fan and the energy consumption of the air conditioning terminal equipment; the calculation formula is: ; in: : Total energy consumption of air conditioning system; : Energy consumption of chiller, ,in: : Chiller power; : Chiller operation time; : Chiller efficiency; :Energy consumption of chilled water pump, ,in: : Chilled water pump power; : Chilled water pump running time; : Cooling water pump energy consumption, the calculation formula is similar to that of the chilled water pump; : Cooling tower fan energy consumption, the calculation formula can be determined according to actual conditions; :Energy consumption of air-conditioning terminal equipment can be estimated based on its type and quantity, combined with operating time and power factor; (3) Lighting system energy consumption evaluation model: It is composed of the energy consumption of lighting fixtures; the calculation formula is: , in: : Energy consumption of lighting system; : Power of a single lamp; : lamp running time; : Number of lamps; : lamp efficiency; (4) Power system energy consumption evaluation model: used to drive mechanical equipment in the building, such as elevators, fans, water pumps, etc.; the calculation formula is: , in: : Power system energy consumption; : No. The power of each device; : No. The operating time of each device; : No. The efficiency of each device; (5) Energy consumption evaluation model of domestic hot water system: used to heat domestic water; If electric heating is used, the calculation formula is: , in: : Energy consumption of electric heating domestic hot water system; : Electric heating power; : Electric heating running time; If gas heating is used, the calculation formula is: , in: : Energy consumption of gas-fired domestic hot water system; : Gas consumption; : Gas calorific value; : Gas heating efficiency; (6) Energy consumption evaluation model of electric vehicle charging system: It depends on the number of electric vehicles, charging power, charging time and charging efficiency factors; the calculation formula is: , in: : Energy consumption of electric vehicle charging system; : Charging power; : Charging time; : Number of electric vehicles; : Charging efficiency; (7) Energy consumption evaluation model for other power systems: includes the energy consumption of all power-consuming equipment in the building except for the above subsystems; the calculation formula is: , in: : Energy consumption of other power systems; : No. The power of each device; : No. The operating time of each device; : No. The efficiency of each device; (8) Elevator system energy consumption evaluation model: It is composed of the motor energy consumption of the elevator operation; the calculation formula is: , in: : Elevator system energy consumption; : Elevator power; : Elevator running time; : Elevator efficiency; (9) Gas system energy consumption evaluation model: If there are gas equipment (such as gas generators, gas boilers, etc.) in the building, its energy consumption depends on factors such as the power, thermal efficiency, operating time and calorific value of the gas equipment; the calculation formula is: , in: : Energy consumption of gas system; : Gas consumption; : Gas calorific value; : Gas equipment efficiency; (10) Energy consumption evaluation model for other energy systems: Establish an energy consumption evaluation model for energy consumption of other energy sources used in buildings except electricity and gas; Finally, the energy consumption data of each sub-target system is summarized to form a building-level operation energy consumption evaluation model; The formula is: ,in: : Total energy consumption of the building; : No. The energy consumption of each sub-target system.

[0007] Preferably, the energy consumption evaluation model of other energy systems includes a solar water heating system, and the energy consumption calculation formula of the solar water heating system is: , in: : Energy consumption of other energy systems (solar water heating system); : Solar collector area; : solar radiation intensity; : Solar collector efficiency; : Solar water heating system operation time; If it is other types of energy, the corresponding calculation formula can be determined according to its specific characteristics.

[0008] Preferably, the sub-steps of step 2.1 are: (1) Install online monitoring equipment in buildings to collect building energy consumption data; including: Install a multi-channel acquisition card: for measuring data input; Install wireless temperature sensor: used to monitor fresh air pressure and temperature in real time; Install wireless air pressure sensor: used to measure operating status parameters of air conditioning equipment, etc. Install electric meters: used to measure energy consumption data; (2) Install monitoring equipment in the renovation project buildings to ensure the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the data; the data includes: Energy consumption of lighting system: such as power consumption of lamps; Energy consumption of air conditioning system: such as water pump power consumption; Power system energy consumption: such as water pump power consumption, fan power consumption, etc.; Energy consumption of domestic hot water system: such as electricity and gas energy consumption; (3) All building monitoring equipment is combined Indicates; All renovation project building monitoring data are collected and used express.

[0009] Preferably, in step 2.2, the method for real-time monitoring and data collection is: using the installed monitoring equipment to monitor and collect the building energy consumption and various energy sub-items of energy consumption in real time; transmitting the collected data to the central data processing platform through the Internet of Things technology for further analysis and processing; obtaining a monitoring data set ,in: ,in For the Monitoring data points; : Data transmission platform.

[0010] Preferably, in step 3.1, the method for calculating the energy consumption index is: (1) Establish the total apparent energy intensity index of buildings: calculate the total apparent energy intensity of buildings in units of kJ / (m²·d) or kWh / (m²·d) or t standard coal / (m²·d); The formula is: ,in: : Total apparent energy intensity of buildings; : Total energy consumption of the building; : total building area; : time days; (2) Establish sub-item energy consumption data: Provide sub-item scoring for the energy consumption data of the building's air-conditioning system, lighting system, power system, and hot water system.

[0011] Preferably, in step 3.2, the item scoring method is: Calculation formula: ,in: : No. The energy consumption index is Monthly total building energy consumption score; : No. The energy consumption index is Actual value of the month; : No. Annual minimum value of each energy consumption indicator; : No. Annual maximum value of energy consumption index; : The number of energy consumption indicators; :month; The weighted scoring method is: Calculation formula: Weighted score = Σ( ),in: : No. The weight of each energy consumption index can be determined by the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and the weight of each index can be obtained by establishing a judgment matrix and calculating the eigenvector; : No. The energy consumption index is Monthly total building energy consumption score; Preferably, the sub-steps of step 3.3 are: The weighted score is calculated based on the product of the building's total energy consumption sub-item score and the weight of each sub-item to obtain the building's energy consumption level score; Calculate the energy consumption index of the building system, score the operating performance of the building's air-conditioning system, lighting system, power system and hot water system, calculate the weighted score value, and obtain the building system performance level score; The building energy consumption level score is expressed as ; The building system performance level score is expressed as ; Preferably, the overall score of the energy consumption evaluation is converted into an energy efficiency labeling grade; first, multiple key scoring nodes are determined, such as 80 points, 90 points, etc., corresponding to different energy efficiency grades; then, a piecewise linear interpolation algorithm model is used for more refined grade division; the calculation formula is: when hour, , indicating the minimum energy efficiency level; when hour, ; when hour, ; … when hour, ;in: : Energy efficiency labeling level; : Overall rating; : key scoring node; : Corresponding energy efficiency labeling grade number; Grade classification: According to industry standards or national standards, combined with the energy efficiency labeling level determined by the above algorithm, different scoring ranges are set to correspond to different energy efficiency grade descriptions, such as "A+ grade: 95 points and above, excellent building energy efficiency" and "A grade: 90-94 points, excellent building energy efficiency".

[0012] The present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention can comprehensively and accurately evaluate the energy consumption of a building by dividing the building energy consumption into ten sub-target systems and establishing evaluation models for each of them. It covers various aspects such as water supply, air conditioning, lighting, power, domestic hot water, electric vehicle charging, other electricity consumption, elevators, gas and other energy systems, ensuring that the sources and composition of building energy consumption are analyzed without omission. The use of detailed calculation formulas and clear symbol definitions makes the energy consumption evaluation process more scientific and rigorous, and improves the accuracy of the evaluation results. For example, for the calculation of the energy consumption of the air-conditioning system, the energy consumption of multiple components such as the chiller, chilled water pump, cooling water pump, cooling tower fan and air-conditioning terminal equipment are taken into account, which can accurately reflect the actual energy consumption level of the air-conditioning system.

[0013] 2. The present invention installs online monitoring equipment and specific monitoring equipment in the renovation project building, realizing real-time monitoring and collection of building energy consumption and energy consumption of various energy sub-items. This enables building managers to timely understand the energy usage of the building and find abnormal energy consumption points, so as to take timely and effective measures to adjust and optimize. The collected data is transmitted to the central data processing platform through the Internet of Things technology for further analysis and processing, which improves the efficiency and accuracy of data processing.

[0014] 3. The present invention adopts a sub-item scoring method to conduct a detailed assessment of the energy consumption of each subsystem of the building, and to clarify the energy consumption level and energy-saving potential of each subsystem. By comparing the actual values ​​of different months with the annual minimum and maximum values, the total energy consumption score of the building is calculated, which provides specific indicators for targeted improvement of the energy use of each subsystem. The present invention adopts a weighted scoring method combined with the weights of each indicator determined by the hierarchical analysis method, making the overall scoring more scientific and reasonable. It can comprehensively consider the importance of each subsystem and accurately reflect the overall energy consumption level and energy efficiency of the building.

[0015] 4. Convert the overall score of energy consumption evaluation into energy efficiency labeling grade, making the energy efficiency level of the building more intuitive and easy to understand. Users and managers can quickly understand the energy efficiency status of the building through the energy efficiency label, which provides clear goals and directions for the use, management and improvement of the building.

[0016] 5. The method of the present invention is applicable to various types of large public buildings, including shopping malls, hotels, office buildings, schools, factories, etc. The division of the sub-target system and the parameters of the evaluation model can be flexibly adjusted according to the characteristics and needs of different buildings, and has strong adaptability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments: Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The preferred solution is Figure 1 As shown, a method for dynamic energy consumption assessment and energy efficiency labeling of large public buildings, the steps are: 1. Construct a building energy consumption index evaluation system: 1.1. Divide the sub-target systems of building energy use: The division of sub-target systems is crucial to fully understand all aspects of building energy consumption. This method divides building energy into ten sub-target systems, including water supply system, air conditioning system, lighting system, power system, domestic hot water system, electric vehicle charging system, other electricity system, elevator system, gas system and other energy systems. These sub-target systems cover the main areas of building energy consumption and ensure the comprehensiveness of the assessment.

[0019] For example, in a large shopping mall, the water supply system is responsible for providing water to the toilets, fountains, etc. in the mall; the air-conditioning system ensures a comfortable temperature in the mall; the lighting system provides lighting for the mall; the power system drives elevators, escalators and other equipment; the domestic hot water system provides hot water for restaurants, toilets, etc. in the mall; the electric vehicle charging system provides charging services for customers' electric vehicles; other power systems include electronic display screens, security systems and other equipment in the mall; the elevator system is responsible for the vertical transportation of people and goods; the gas system may be used in restaurant kitchens in the mall, etc.; other energy systems may include solar water heating systems, etc.

[0020] The set of sub-goal systems is represented as ,in arrive They correspond to the ten sub-target systems mentioned above respectively.

[0021] 1.2 Establishing a sub-goal system evaluation model (1) Water supply system energy consumption evaluation model: including the energy consumption of water supply equipment (such as water pumps, etc.). The calculation formula is: ,in represents the energy consumption of the water supply system, is the power of water supply equipment, The operating time of water supply equipment.

[0022] For example, in the water supply system of an office building, assuming that the power of a water pump is 10 kilowatts and it runs for 8 hours a day, the energy consumption of the water pump per day is kWh. If the office building has two such pumps, the total energy consumption of the water supply system is kilowatt-hour.

[0023] (2) Air conditioning system energy consumption evaluation model: including the energy consumption of the refrigeration host (such as chillers), the energy consumption of the chilled water pump, the energy consumption of the cooling water pump, the energy consumption of the cooling tower fan and the energy consumption of the air conditioning terminal equipment. The calculation formula is: .

[0024] in is the total energy consumption of the air conditioning system, is the energy consumption of the chiller, , is the chiller power, is the chiller operation time, is the chiller efficiency; is the energy consumption of the chilled water pump, , is the chilled water pump power, It is the running time of the chilled water pump; is the energy consumption of the cooling water pump, and the calculation formula is similar to that of the chilled water pump; is the energy consumption of the cooling tower fan, and the calculation formula can be determined according to the actual situation; The energy consumption of air-conditioning terminal equipment can be estimated based on its type and quantity, combined with operating time and power factor.

[0025] For example, in a hotel air conditioning system, the chiller has a power of 100 kilowatts, runs 12 hours a day, and has an efficiency of 0.8. The energy consumption of the chiller in a day is Kilowatt-hour. Assuming the chilled water pump has a power of 10 kilowatts and runs for 12 hours a day, the energy consumption of the chilled water pump is Similarly, by calculating the energy consumption of the cooling water pump and cooling tower fan, and adding the energy consumption of the air-conditioning terminal equipment, the total energy consumption of the air-conditioning system can be obtained.

[0026] (3) Lighting system energy consumption evaluation model: It is composed of the energy consumption of lighting fixtures. The calculation formula is: , in is the energy consumption of the lighting system, is the power of a single lamp, is the lamp running time, is the number of lamps, For lamp efficiency.

[0027] For example, in a library, the LED lamps used have a power of 10 watts, there are 1,000 lamps, they run for 10 hours a day, and the efficiency is 0.9. Then the energy consumption of the lighting system in one day is Watt-hour, that is 90 kWh.

[0028] (4) Power system energy consumption evaluation model: used to drive mechanical equipment in buildings, such as elevators, fans, water pumps, etc. The calculation formula is: , in is the power system energy consumption, For the The power of the device, For the The running time of the device For the The efficiency of a device.

[0029] For example, in a factory, there is a 50 kW fan that runs 16 hours a day with an efficiency of 0.8; there is also a 30 kW water pump that runs 12 hours a day with an efficiency of 0.7. The energy consumption of the power system is kilowatt-hour.

[0030] (5) Energy consumption evaluation model of domestic hot water system: used to heat domestic water. If electric heating is used, the calculation formula is: ,in Energy consumption of electric heating domestic hot water system, is the electric heating power, is the running time of electric heating; if gas heating is used, the calculation formula is ,in Energy consumption for gas-fired domestic hot water systems, is the gas consumption, is the calorific value of gas, For gas heating efficiency.

[0031] For example, in a hotel, electric heating is used to provide domestic hot water. The electric heating power is 50 kilowatts and it runs for 8 hours a day. The energy consumption of the electric heating domestic hot water system is If gas heating is used, assuming that the gas consumption is 10 cubic meters per day, the gas calorific value is 10,000 kilojoules per cubic meter, and the gas heating efficiency is 0.8, then the energy consumption of the gas heating domestic hot water system per day is Kilojoule, converted into kilowatt-hours, is approximately 22.2 kWh.

[0032] (6) Energy consumption evaluation model of electric vehicle charging system: It depends on the number of electric vehicles, charging power, charging time and charging efficiency. The calculation formula is: , in The energy consumption of the electric vehicle charging system, is the charging power, For charging time, is the number of electric vehicles, For charging efficiency.

[0033] For example, in the parking lot of an office building, there are 10 electric vehicles, each with a charging power of 7 kW, an average of 4 hours per day, and a charging efficiency of 0.9. The energy consumption of the electric vehicle charging system per day is kilowatt-hour.

[0034] (7) Energy consumption evaluation model for other power systems: includes the energy consumption of all power equipment in the building except the above subsystems. The calculation formula is: , in For other power consumption systems, For the The power of the device, For the The running time of the device For the The efficiency of a device.

[0035] For example, in a school, in addition to lighting, air conditioning and other systems, there are also some electronic equipment, such as computers, projectors, etc. Assume that the power of a computer is 200 watts, it runs for 8 hours a day, and the efficiency is 0.8; the power of a projector is 300 watts, it is used for 4 hours a day, and the efficiency is 0.7. Then the energy consumption of other power systems is Watt-hour, which is 1.48 kWh.

[0036] (8) Elevator system energy consumption evaluation model: It is composed of the motor energy consumption of the elevator operation. The calculation formula is: , in is the energy consumption of the elevator system, is the elevator power, is the elevator running time, For elevator efficiency.

[0037] For example, in a high-rise residential building, there are two elevators, each with a power of 20 kilowatts, running 12 hours a day, and an efficiency of 0.8. The energy consumption of the elevator system in one day is kilowatt-hour.

[0038] (9) Gas system energy consumption evaluation model: If there are gas equipment (such as gas generators, gas boilers, etc.) in the building, its energy consumption depends on factors such as the power, thermal efficiency, operating time and calorific value of the gas equipment. The calculation formula is: , in is the energy consumption of the gas system, is the gas consumption, is the calorific value of gas, For gas equipment efficiency.

[0039] For example, in a hotel kitchen, a gas boiler is used to provide hot water and cooking heat. Assuming the gas consumption is 20 cubic meters per day, the gas calorific value is 10,000 kJ / cubic meter, and the gas boiler efficiency is 0.8, the energy consumption of the gas system per day is Kilojoule, converted into kilowatt-hours, is approximately 44.4 kWh.

[0040] (10) Energy consumption evaluation model for other energy systems: Establish an energy consumption evaluation model for the energy consumption of other energy sources used in buildings except electricity and gas. In this method, the solar water heating system is taken as an example. The energy consumption calculation formula of the solar water heating system is: , in Energy consumption of other energy systems (solar water heating system), is the solar collector area, is the solar radiation intensity, is the solar collector efficiency, is the operating time of the solar water heating system. If it is other types of energy, the corresponding calculation formula can be determined according to its specific characteristics.

[0041] For example, in a villa, a solar water heating system is installed. The solar collector area is 10 square meters, the solar radiation intensity is 800 watts / square meter, the solar collector efficiency is 0.6, and it runs for 8 hours a day. The energy consumption of the solar water heating system is Watt-hour, which is 38.4 kWh.

[0042] Finally, the energy consumption data of each sub-target system are summarized to form a building-level operation energy consumption evaluation model. The formula is ,in is the total energy consumption of the building, For the The energy consumption of each sub-target system.

[0043] 2. Obtain evaluation energy consumption data: 2.1. Install monitoring equipment: (1) Install online monitoring equipment in the building to collect building energy consumption data. This includes installing a multi-channel acquisition card for measuring data input; installing a wireless temperature sensor for real-time monitoring of fresh air pressure and temperature; installing a wireless air pressure sensor for measuring operating status parameters of air conditioning equipment; and installing an electric meter for measuring energy consumption data.

[0044] For example, in a large shopping mall, a multi-channel acquisition card can collect operating data of various devices, such as the temperature, pressure and other parameters of the air-conditioning system; a wireless temperature sensor can monitor the temperature of different areas in the mall in real time to adjust the operation of the air-conditioning system; a wireless air pressure sensor can monitor the wind pressure of the air-conditioning system to ensure the normal operation of the system; and an electric meter can accurately measure the total power consumption of the mall and the power consumption of each subsystem.

[0045] (2) Install monitoring equipment in the renovation project buildings to ensure the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the data. The data includes the energy consumption of the lighting system (such as the power consumption of lamps, etc.), the energy consumption of the air conditioning system (such as the power consumption of water pumps, etc.), the energy consumption of the power system (such as the power consumption of water pumps, fans, etc.), and the energy consumption of the domestic hot water system (such as electricity and gas energy consumption, etc.).

[0046] For example, in a renovation project of an old office building, installing new monitoring equipment can more accurately understand the energy consumption of each system and provide a basis for energy-saving renovation. For example, by monitoring the power consumption of the lighting system's lamps, it is possible to find out which areas have too high lighting energy consumption, so that measures such as replacing high-efficiency lamps and adjusting lighting hours can be taken; by monitoring the power consumption of the water pump of the air-conditioning system, the operation strategy of the water pump can be optimized to reduce energy consumption.

[0047] (3) All building monitoring equipment is combined Indicates; All renovation project building monitoring data are collected and used express.

[0048] 2.2. Real-time monitoring and data collection: The installed monitoring equipment monitors and collects the building energy consumption and various energy consumption items in real time. The collected data is transmitted to the central data processing platform through the Internet of Things technology for further analysis and processing. ,in For the Monitoring data points; It is a data transmission platform.

[0049] For example, in a smart factory, various monitoring devices are used to collect energy consumption data of production equipment, lighting systems, air conditioning systems, etc. in real time, and transmit these data to the central data processing platform. The central data processing platform can analyze these data and promptly detect abnormal energy consumption, such as a sudden increase in energy consumption of a certain device, so as to take corresponding measures to adjust it.

[0050] 3. Conduct energy consumption evaluation: 3.1. Calculate energy consumption index: (1) Establish the total apparent energy intensity index of buildings: Calculate the total apparent energy intensity of buildings in units of kJ / (m²·d) or kWh / (m²·d) or t standard coal / (m²·d).

[0051] The formula is ,in is the total apparent energy intensity of the building, is the total energy consumption of the building, is the total building area, The time is days.

[0052] For example, the total floor area of ​​an office building is 5,000 square meters, the total energy consumption per day is 1,000 kWh, and the total energy consumption per month (30 days) is kWh. Then the total apparent energy consumption intensity of the office building is kWh / (m²·d).

[0053] (2) Establish sub-item energy consumption data: Provide sub-item scoring for the energy consumption data of the building's air-conditioning system, lighting system, power system, and hot water system.

[0054] 3.2. Item-by-item scoring and weighted scoring The scoring method for each item is as follows: Calculation formula: , in For the The energy consumption index is Monthly building total energy consumption score, For the The energy consumption index is The actual value of the month, For the The annual minimum value of energy consumption indicators, For the The annual maximum value of energy consumption indicators, is the number of energy consumption indicators, For the month.

[0055] For example, the energy consumption of a building's lighting system in January is 1000 kWh. The annual minimum value of the lighting system's energy consumption index is 800 kWh, and the annual maximum value is 1200 kWh. Then the total building energy consumption score of the lighting system in January is point.

[0056] The weighted scoring method is: Calculation formula Weighted score = Σ( ),in For the The weight of each energy consumption index can be determined by the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and the weight of each index can be obtained by establishing a judgment matrix and calculating the eigenvector; For the The energy consumption index is Total building energy consumption score for the month.

[0057] 3.3. Overall scoring The weighted score is calculated based on the product of the total building energy consumption score and the weight of each sub-item to obtain the building energy consumption level score; the energy consumption index of the building system is calculated, and the operating performance of the building air conditioning system, lighting system, power system and hot water system is scored, and the weighted score is calculated to obtain the building system performance level score. The building energy consumption level score is expressed as ; The building system performance level score is expressed as .

[0058] 4. Generate energy efficiency label: Convert the overall score of energy consumption evaluation into energy efficiency label level. First, determine multiple key scoring nodes, such as 80 points, 90 points, etc., corresponding to different energy efficiency levels; then, use the piecewise linear interpolation algorithm model to perform more detailed level division; the calculation formula is: when hour, , indicating the minimum energy efficiency level; when hour, ; when hour, ; … when hour, ;in: : Energy efficiency labeling level; : Overall rating; : key scoring node; : Corresponding energy efficiency labeling grade number; Grade classification: According to industry standards or national standards, combined with the energy efficiency labeling level determined by the above algorithm, different scoring ranges are set to correspond to different energy efficiency grade descriptions, such as "A+ grade: 95 points and above, excellent building energy efficiency" and "A grade: 90-94 points, excellent building energy efficiency".

[0059] The specific steps are as follows: (1) Determination of key scoring nodes: The selection of key scoring nodes should comprehensively consider the standards of the building industry, the needs of actual applications, and the reasonable distinction between different energy efficiency levels. In addition to 80 points and 90 points, more key scoring nodes can be further determined, such as 70 points, 85 points, 95 points, etc. These key scoring nodes can divide the energy efficiency level of the building into different grade intervals for more accurate energy efficiency labeling.

[0060] For example, for a large commercial complex building, the overall score after energy consumption evaluation is 88 points. According to the determined key scoring nodes, the building energy efficiency level between 85 and 90 points can be defined as "good", which means that the commercial complex performs well in energy utilization, but there is still room for improvement.

[0061] (2) Application of piecewise linear interpolation algorithm model: The piecewise linear interpolation algorithm model can divide energy efficiency levels more finely, ensuring that buildings in different scoring ranges can obtain accurate energy efficiency labels. The basic principle of this algorithm is to determine the energy efficiency level of the intermediate score through linear interpolation based on known key scoring nodes.

[0062] For example, assuming that the key scoring nodes are 70 points, 80 points, 90 points, and 100 points, the corresponding energy efficiency rating levels are 2, 3, 4, and 5. When the overall score is 83 points, it is between 80 and 90 points. According to the piecewise linear interpolation algorithm, the proportional relationship between the score and the adjacent key scoring nodes is first calculated: ; Then, determine the energy efficiency label grade number based on the proportional relationship: ; In practical applications, the energy efficiency rating code can be rounded or rounded to get the final energy efficiency rating. In this example, a building with an overall score of 83 points can be marked as energy efficiency rating 3.3, and after rounding, it can be marked as energy efficiency rating 3, which is a "good" rating.

[0063] (3) Basis and description of classification: The grading should be based on industry standards or national standards and set in combination with the energy efficiency rating determined by the piecewise linear interpolation algorithm. Different scoring intervals correspond to different energy efficiency rating descriptions so that users and managers can intuitively understand the energy efficiency level of the building.

[0064] For example, the following energy efficiency class descriptions can be set: “A++: 98 points and above, excellent building energy efficiency, at the leading level in the industry”; “A+: 95 - 97 points, the building’s energy efficiency is excellent and has high energy-saving potential”; “Grade A: 90 - 94 points, the building has excellent energy efficiency and performs well in energy conservation”; “Grade B: 80 - 89 points, the building has good energy efficiency and meets the energy-saving standard requirements”; “Grade C: 70 - 79 points, the building has average energy efficiency and energy-saving improvements are needed”; “Grade D: 60 - 69 points, the building energy efficiency is poor, and there is a large room for energy saving improvement”; “E grade: below 60 points, the building’s energy efficiency is very poor and energy-saving renovation is urgently needed.”

[0065] Through clear classification and description, the energy efficiency level of buildings can be improved.

[0066] The above embodiments are only preferred technical solutions of the present invention and should not be regarded as limiting the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention shall be the technical solutions recorded in the claims, including equivalent replacement solutions of the technical features in the technical solutions recorded in the claims. That is, equivalent replacement improvements within this scope are also within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for dynamic energy consumption assessment and energy efficiency identification of large public buildings, characterized by the following steps: Step 1: Construct a building energy consumption index evaluation system: Step 1.1, divide the sub-target system of building energy use; Step 1.2, establish the sub-goal system evaluation model; Step 2: Obtain evaluation energy consumption data: Step 2.1, install monitoring equipment; Step 2.2, real-time monitoring and data collection; Step 3: Conduct energy consumption evaluation: Step 3.1, calculate the energy consumption index; Step 3.2: Conduct item scoring and weighted scoring; Step 3.3: Make an overall score; Step 4: Generate energy efficiency label: Convert the overall score of energy consumption evaluation into energy efficiency label grade.

2. A method for dynamic energy use assessment and energy efficiency identification of large public buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1.1, the sub-target systems include at least ten sub-target systems, including water supply system, air conditioning system, lighting system, power system, domestic hot water system, electric vehicle charging system, other power systems, elevator system, gas system, and other energy systems; The set of sub-goal systems is expressed as: ,in They correspond to the ten sub-target systems mentioned above respectively.

3. A method for dynamic energy use assessment and energy efficiency identification of large public buildings according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step 1.2, an evaluation model is established for each sub-goal system, where: (1) Water supply system energy consumption evaluation model: including the energy consumption of water supply equipment; the calculation formula is: ， in: : Indicates the energy consumption of water supply system; : Water supply equipment power; : Water supply equipment operation time; (2) Air conditioning system energy consumption evaluation model: including the energy consumption of the refrigeration main unit, the energy consumption of the chilled water pump, the energy consumption of the cooling water pump, the energy consumption of the cooling tower fan and the energy consumption of the air conditioning terminal equipment; the calculation formula is: ； in: : Total energy consumption of air conditioning system; : Energy consumption of chiller, ,in: : Chiller power; : Chiller operation time; : Chiller efficiency; :Energy consumption of chilled water pump, ,in: : Chilled water pump power; : Chilled water pump running time; : Cooling water pump energy consumption; : Cooling tower fan energy consumption; : Energy consumption of air-conditioning terminal equipment; (3) Lighting system energy consumption evaluation model: It is composed of the energy consumption of lighting fixtures; the calculation formula is: ， in: : Energy consumption of lighting system; : Power of a single lamp; : lamp running time; : Number of lamps; : lamp efficiency; (4) Power system energy consumption evaluation model: used to drive mechanical equipment in the building; the calculation formula is: ， in: : Power system energy consumption; : No. The power of each device; : No. The operating time of each device; : No. The efficiency of each device; (5) Energy consumption evaluation model of domestic hot water system: used to heat domestic water; If electric heating is used, the calculation formula is: , in: : Energy consumption of electric heating domestic hot water system; : Electric heating power; : Electric heating running time; If gas heating is used, the calculation formula is: , in: : Energy consumption of gas-fired domestic hot water system; : Gas consumption; : Gas calorific value; : Gas heating efficiency; (6) Energy consumption evaluation model of electric vehicle charging system: It depends on the number of electric vehicles, charging power, charging time and charging efficiency factors; the calculation formula is: ， in: : Energy consumption of electric vehicle charging system; : Charging power; : Charging time; : Number of electric vehicles; : Charging efficiency; (7) Energy consumption evaluation model for other power systems: includes the energy consumption of all power-consuming equipment in the building except for the above subsystems; the calculation formula is: ， in: : Energy consumption of other power systems; : No. The power of each device; : No. The operating time of each device; : No. The efficiency of each device; (8) Elevator system energy consumption evaluation model: It is composed of the motor energy consumption of the elevator operation; the calculation formula is: ， in: : Elevator system energy consumption; : Elevator power; : Elevator running time; : Elevator efficiency; (9) Gas system energy consumption evaluation model: If there are gas equipment in the building, its energy consumption depends on the power, thermal efficiency, operating time and calorific value of the gas equipment; the calculation formula is: ， in: : Energy consumption of gas system; : Gas consumption; : Gas calorific value; : Gas equipment efficiency; (10) Energy consumption evaluation model for other energy systems: Establish an energy consumption evaluation model for energy consumption of other energy sources used in buildings except electricity and gas; Finally, the energy consumption data of each sub-target system is summarized to form a building-level operation energy consumption evaluation model; The formula is: ,in: : Total energy consumption of the building; : No. The energy consumption of each sub-target system.

4. A method for dynamic energy use assessment and energy efficiency identification of large public buildings according to claim 3, characterized in that: The energy consumption evaluation model of other energy systems includes a solar water heating system. The energy consumption calculation formula of the solar water heating system is: , in: : Energy consumption of solar water heating system; : Solar collector area; : solar radiation intensity; : Solar collector efficiency; : Operation time of solar water heating system.

5. A method for dynamic energy use assessment and energy efficiency identification of large public buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sub-steps of step 2.1 are: (1) Install online monitoring equipment in buildings to collect building energy consumption data; include: Install a multi-channel acquisition card: for measuring data input; Install wireless temperature sensor: used to monitor fresh air pressure and temperature in real time; Install wireless air pressure sensor: used to measure operating status parameters of air conditioning equipment, etc. Install electric meters: used to measure energy consumption data; (2) Install monitoring equipment in the renovation project buildings to ensure the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the data; the data includes the energy consumption of the lighting system, the energy consumption of the air conditioning system, the energy consumption of the power system, and the energy consumption of the domestic hot water system; (3) All building monitoring equipment is combined Indicates; All renovation project building monitoring data are collected and used express.

6. A method for dynamic energy use assessment and energy efficiency identification of large public buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2.2, the method of real-time monitoring and data collection is: through the installed monitoring equipment, the building energy consumption and various energy sub-item energy consumption are monitored and collected in real time; the collected data is transmitted to the central data processing platform through the Internet of Things technology for further analysis and processing; and the monitoring data set is obtained. ,in: ,in For the Monitoring data points; : Data transmission platform.

7. A large-scale public building dynamic energy consumption assessment and energy efficiency identification method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3.1, the method for calculating the energy consumption index is: (1) Establish the total apparent energy intensity index of buildings: calculate the total apparent energy intensity of buildings in units of kJ / (m²·d) or kWh / (m²·d) or t standard coal / (m²·d); The formula is: ,in: : Total apparent energy intensity of buildings; : Total energy consumption of the building; : total building area; : time days; (2) Establish sub-item energy consumption data: Provide sub-item scoring for the energy consumption data of the building's air-conditioning system, lighting system, power system, and hot water system.

8. A method for dynamic energy use assessment and energy efficiency identification of large public buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 3.2, the scoring method for each item is: Calculation formula: , in: : No. The energy consumption index is Monthly total building energy consumption score; : No. The energy consumption index is Actual value of the month; : No. Annual minimum value of each energy consumption indicator; : No. Annual maximum value of energy consumption index; : The number of energy consumption indicators; :month; The weighted scoring method is: Calculation formula: Weighted score = Σ( ), in: : No. The weight of each energy consumption index is determined by the hierarchical analysis method, and the weight of each index is obtained by establishing a judgment matrix and calculating the eigenvector; : No. The energy consumption index is Total building energy consumption score for the month.

9. A method for dynamic energy use assessment and energy efficiency identification of large public buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sub-steps of step 3.3 are: The weighted score is calculated based on the product of the building's total energy consumption sub-item score and the weight of each sub-item to obtain the building's energy consumption level score; Calculate the energy consumption index of the building system, score the operating performance of the building's air-conditioning system, lighting system, power system and hot water system, calculate the weighted score value, and obtain the building system performance level score; The building energy consumption level score is expressed as ; The building system performance level score is expressed as .

10. A large-scale public building dynamic energy consumption assessment and energy efficiency identification method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of step 4 is: convert the overall score of energy consumption evaluation into energy efficiency labeling level; first, determine multiple key scoring nodes corresponding to different energy efficiency levels; then, use the piecewise linear interpolation algorithm model to perform more refined level division; the calculation formula is: when hour, , indicating the minimum energy efficiency level; when hour, ; when hour, ; …… when hour, ; in: : Energy efficiency labeling level; : Overall rating; : key scoring node; : Corresponding energy efficiency labeling grade number; Grade classification: According to industry standards or national standards, combined with the energy efficiency label level determined by the above algorithm, different scoring intervals are set to correspond to different energy efficiency level descriptions.

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