Undermine belt conveyor head data communication system and method based on wireless sensor

Abstract

The invention discloses an underground belt conveyor head data communication system and method based on a wireless sensor, relates to the technical field of data communication, and solves the technical problem that a large amount of time needs to be spent on fixation release and rewiring when the position of a sensor is adjusted or a connecting line is replaced due to the fact that the connecting line is fixed in a physical mode in the prior art. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring data information through a wireless sensor, and setting a data frame header of the wireless sensor; constructing a digital signal identification mark; judging whether a repeater is added in the transmission path or not; if yes, calculating the number of increased repeaters; if not, transmitting the digital signal to a LoRa gateway; judging whether the digital signal received by the host is complete; if yes, data communication is completed; if not, counting the number of available communication interfaces on the host, and judging whether the communication network interfaces meet the connection requirements of the corresponding equipment or not; if yes, data communication is completed; if not, adding a corresponding communication network interface; according to the invention, wiring is simplified, and the complexity of data transmission is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of communication engineering, relates to data communication technology, and specifically is a mine belt conveyor head data communication system and method based on wireless sensors. Background Art

[0002] In the harsh environment of underground mines, wireless sensors can also maintain good working performance and reduce data loss or errors caused by environmental factors; transmitting data wirelessly can avoid data interruption caused by line failures in traditional wired communications; wireless sensor networks usually have high reliability and can ensure stable data transmission; wireless communication systems can avoid a lot of wiring work, thereby reducing the material and labor costs of system construction; the deployment of wireless sensor networks is also relatively simple, and data communication systems can be quickly built.

[0003] In the prior art, when routing the sensor connecting lines of the underground belt conveyor head, the lines are routed and wired according to the prescribed path, and then the connecting lines are fixed with tools such as cable clamps, cable troughs or binding tapes, and the corresponding ends of the connecting lines are connected to the wiring terminals of the sensors. The prior art fixes the connecting lines by physical means, and the movement and adjustment of the connecting lines are subject to certain restrictions, resulting in a large amount of time required to release the fixation and rewire when adjusting the sensor position or replacing the connecting lines. At the same time, due to the limited space at the underground belt conveyor head, the presence of a large number of connecting lines aggravates the space shortage, thereby increasing the complexity of the wiring work.

[0004] The present invention provides a mine belt conveyor head data communication system and method based on wireless sensors to solve the above technical problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art; to this end, the present invention proposes a data communication system and method for a mine belt conveyor head based on a wireless sensor, which is used to solve the problem that the prior art fixes the connecting wires by physical means, and the movement and adjustment of the connecting wires are subject to certain restrictions, resulting in a large amount of time required to release the fixation and rewire when adjusting the sensor position or replacing the connecting wires; at the same time, due to the limited space at the mine belt conveyor head, the presence of a large number of connecting wires aggravates the space shortage, thereby increasing the technical problem of increasing the complexity of the wiring work.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned object, the first aspect of the present invention provides a mine belt head data communication system based on wireless sensors, comprising: a data acquisition module, a repeater module, and a LoRa gateway module;

[0007] Data acquisition module: install several wireless sensors at the head of the underground belt conveyor; collect data information through wireless sensors and set the data frame header of the wireless sensors; the wireless sensors include: smoke, temperature, speed, temperature vibration, touch, dust, and methane sensors; the data information includes: real-time data of the sensor and the control status of the corresponding sensor;

[0008] Repeater module: converts data information into digital signals and constructs digital signal identification marks; determines whether to add repeaters in the transmission path; if yes, calculates the number of repeaters added and transmits the digital signal to the LoRa gateway by connecting the corresponding repeaters; if no, transmits the digital signal to the LoRa gateway;

[0009] LoRa gateway module: retrieve the digital signal identification flag to determine whether the digital signal received by the host is complete; if yes, store the data information corresponding to the digital signal and complete the data communication; if no, count the number of available communication interfaces on the host to determine whether the communication network interface meets the connection requirements of the corresponding device; if yes, complete the data communication; if no, add the corresponding communication network interface.

[0010] Preferably, the step of constructing a digital signal identification mark includes:

[0011] Match the digital signal to the corresponding communication network, and mark the network interface type as Ai; wherein i represents the number of network interface types, i=1, 2, 3; number the digital signals in chronological order of acquisition and mark them as Bi, and combine the network interface type and number as a digital signal identification mark; wherein the types of communication networks include: CAN communication network, RS485 communication network, and network interface communication network.

[0012] The present invention combines the network interface type with the signal number, so as to quickly and accurately identify the source and type of each digital signal, thereby simplifying the signal processing process; by numbering the digital signals, the orderliness and integrity of the data are ensured, which helps to detect and correct any potential data loss or disorder problems during data transmission or processing.

[0013] Preferably, the determining whether to add a repeater in the transmission path includes:

[0014] Obtain the transmission distance of the digital signal from the database; determine whether the transmission distance exceeds the equivalent distance; if yes, a repeater needs to be added; if no, a repeater does not need to be added;

[0015] The equivalent distance is obtained by counting the number of obstacles in the transmission path and marking them as ZAi and the number of devices that need to be converted by repeaters as ZHj; marking the total section without interference factors as X; wherein the interference factors include: obstacles and signal conversion equipment;

[0016] By formula Calculate the equivalent distance between each sensor and the host;

[0017] Where i represents the number of obstacles; j represents the number of signal conversion devices; i≤n, j≤n; and the value range of i, j, and n is a positive integer; α i is the influence coefficient of the ith obstacle on signal transmission, β j is the influence coefficient of the jth signal conversion device on signal transmission, α i The specific value of is determined according to the thickness and material of the i-th obstacle; β j The specific value of is determined by those skilled in the art according to the conversion rate of the j-th signal conversion device.

[0018] By setting a distance threshold, the present invention can ensure that the digital signal will not attenuate to an unacceptable level during transmission due to excessive distance. Once the transmission distance exceeds the threshold, adding a repeater in time can effectively extend the transmission distance of the signal and ensure the integrity and clarity of the signal. At the same time, the repeater can also perform data transmission and signal conversion between different protocols to achieve interconnection between devices. In some mixed network environments, high-speed communication and low-speed communication devices coexist, and the repeater can establish a high-speed channel to improve the transmission speed of the network.

[0019] Preferably, the calculating the number of repeaters to be added includes:

[0020] Retrieve the equivalent distance and obtain the transmission range of the repeater from the database;

[0021] A preliminary estimate of the number of repeaters is obtained by dividing the equivalent distance by the transmission range of the repeater and multiplying it by the corresponding attenuation factor;

[0022] The remaining distance is calculated by subtracting the initial estimate of the number of repeaters from the total transmission distance and multiplying it by the transmission range;

[0023] Determine whether the remaining distance is greater than half of the transmission range; if so, the actual number of repeaters added is the initial estimate plus one; if not, the initial estimate of the number of repeaters is used as the actual number of repeaters added.

[0024] By accurately calculating the required number of repeaters, the present invention can ensure that the deployment of repeaters is neither too dense to waste resources nor too sparse to affect signal quality, which helps to optimize the use efficiency of repeaters and reduce costs.

[0025] Preferably, the method for obtaining the attenuation coefficient includes:

[0026] Obtain the propagation environment factors, mark the path loss when the reference distance is d0 as L(d0), and take the equivalent distance d as the total transmission distance; wherein the propagation environment factors include: temperature T, relative humidity S, air pressure P, and electromagnetic interference I;

[0027] The environmental interference factor n is obtained by the formula n = 0.0001 × T + 0.001 × S + 0.001 × P - 0.01 × I;

[0028] By the formula L(d) = L(d0) + 10 m ×n×lg(d / d0) is used to calculate the path loss when the total transmission distance is d; where m is the scaling factor and the value range of m is an integer;

[0029] The attenuation coefficient is marked as a, the transmission distance is marked as CJ; the repeater and connector loss is marked as L;

[0030] By formula The attenuation coefficient is calculated.

[0031] It should be noted that when the reference distance is d0, the corresponding path loss is marked as L(d0), and the specific value of L(d0) is obtained based on preliminary experiments conducted by staff in this field.

[0032] Preferably, the transmitting of the digital signal to the LoRa gateway comprises:

[0033] Connect the LoRa node to the sensor and determine whether the LoRa gateway starts to receive the data frame of the digital signal; if yes, transmit it to the LoRa gateway through the LoRa MAC protocol in the LoRaWAN protocol; if no, continue to determine.

[0034] The present invention connects the sensor via the LoRa node, and the deployment of the LoRa node is relatively simple, without the need for complicated configuration and wiring; the self-organizing characteristics of the LoRa network make system maintenance easier and reduce the need for manual intervention.

[0035] Preferably, the determining whether the LoRa gateway starts to receive data frames of digital signals includes:

[0036] The data frame identifier is retrieved to determine whether the data frame identifier conforms to a specific pattern; if so, the data frame of the corresponding digital signal is started to be received; if not, the data frame of the corresponding digital signal is refused to be received.

[0037] The present invention can ensure that the received data frame is complete and has not been tampered with by verifying the data frame identifier. If the data frame identifier does not conform to a specific pattern, reception is rejected, which helps prevent incomplete or erroneous data from entering the system, thereby achieving precise control and management of data.

[0038] Preferably, the determining whether the digital signal received by the host is complete includes:

[0039] The digital signal identification flag is retrieved to determine whether there is a discontinuity in the digital signal identification flag; if so, the digital signal received by the host is incomplete; if not, the digital signal received by the host is complete.

[0040] Preferably, the determining whether the communication network interface meets the connection requirements of the corresponding device includes:

[0041] Obtain the communication interface type and number of interfaces supported by the device from the database, and match them with the communication interface type and number of interfaces of the host; determine whether the communication interface type supported by the device is consistent with the communication interface type of the host; if yes, determine whether the number of communication interfaces of the host is greater than the number of communication interfaces supported by the device; if yes, the communication network interface meets the connection requirements of the corresponding device; if no, the communication network interface cannot meet the connection requirements of the corresponding device;

[0042] If not, the communication network interface cannot meet the connection requirements of the corresponding device.

[0043] By matching the communication interface types of the device and the host, the present invention can ensure that the device can correctly communicate with the host, thereby avoiding communication failure or data loss caused by mismatched interface types; by matching the number of communication interfaces of the device and the host, it can ensure that the host has enough interfaces to connect to the device, thereby avoiding the problem of device failure to connect due to insufficient number of interfaces.

[0044] The second aspect of the present invention provides a mine belt head data communication method based on a wireless sensor, comprising:

[0045] Install several wireless sensors at the head of the belt conveyor under the mine; collect data information through the wireless sensors and set the data frame header of the wireless sensors;

[0046] Convert data information into digital signals and construct digital signal identification marks; determine whether to add repeaters in the transmission path; if yes, calculate the number of repeaters added and transmit the digital signal to the LoRa gateway by connecting the corresponding repeaters; if no, transmit the digital signal to the LoRa gateway;

[0047] Retrieve the digital signal identification flag to determine whether the digital signal received by the host is complete; if yes, store the data information corresponding to the digital signal and complete the data communication; if no, count the number of available communication interfaces on the host to determine whether the communication network interface meets the connection requirements of the corresponding device; if yes, complete the data communication; if no, add the corresponding communication network interface.

[0048] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0049] 1. By setting the data frame header and constructing a digital signal identification mark, the accuracy and integrity of the data can be ensured, which helps to avoid errors and losses during data transmission and improve the reliability of data communication; Application of repeaters: Adding repeaters to the transmission path can expand the coverage of the signal, enhance the strength of the signal, and reduce signal attenuation and interference, which helps to ensure the stability and reliability of the data during transmission, especially in complex environments such as underground mines; By connecting to the LoRa gateway, long-distance data transmission can be achieved while reducing energy consumption and costs.

[0050] 2. During data transmission, the system will determine whether the connection requirements of the device are met based on the number of available communication interfaces on the host. If the interfaces are insufficient, the system will prompt to add the corresponding communication network interface to ensure smooth data communication. By adding repeaters and optimizing network communication interfaces, the capacity and performance of the network can be improved, which helps to meet the connection requirements of more devices and improve the efficiency and speed of data communication. The combined use of wireless sensors and LoRa gateways enables real-time monitoring and remote control of belt conveyors, which helps to promptly detect and handle equipment failures, avoid accidents, and improve production efficiency and safety. Wireless transmission simplifies the system's maintenance process and reduces maintenance costs and difficulty. At the same time, through real-time monitoring and optimized control, the energy consumption and operating costs of belt conveyors can also be reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0051] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0052] Figure 1 A schematic diagram showing the relationship between the modules included in the present invention;

[0053] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of specific implementation steps of the repeater module of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the specific implementation steps of the LoRa gateway module of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 4 The figure is a schematic diagram of a specific flow of data communication of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0056] The technical scheme of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0057] See also Figure 1 , the first aspect of the present invention provides a mine belt head data communication system based on wireless sensors, including: a data acquisition module, a repeater module, and a LoRa gateway module;

[0058] Data acquisition module: install several wireless sensors at the head of the underground belt conveyor; collect data information through wireless sensors and set the data frame header of the wireless sensors; the wireless sensors include: smoke, temperature, speed, temperature vibration, touch, dust, and methane sensors; the data information includes: real-time data of the sensor and the control status of the corresponding sensor;

[0059] Repeater module: converts data information into digital signals and constructs digital signal identification marks; determines whether to add repeaters in the transmission path; if yes, calculates the number of repeaters added and transmits the digital signal to the LoRa gateway by connecting the corresponding repeaters; if no, transmits the digital signal to the LoRa gateway;

[0060] LoRa gateway module: retrieve the digital signal identification flag to determine whether the digital signal received by the host is complete; if yes, store the data information corresponding to the digital signal and complete the data communication; if no, count the number of available communication interfaces on the host to determine whether the communication network interface meets the connection requirements of the corresponding device; if yes, complete the data communication; if no, add the corresponding communication network interface.

[0061] See also Figure 2 ,The specific implementation steps of the repeater module are as follows: ,Install several wireless sensors at the head of the underground belt conveyor; ,Collect data information through the wireless sensors, retrieve the factory type number of the ,wireless sensors from the database and classify them; ,Start the machine to self-check the current type number, and ,determine the identifier of the data frame header of the sent data information through a specific ,pattern matching method; ,Wherein, the identifier includes: the factory type number, the MAC address of the ,corresponding sensor, and the type field;

[0062] Match the digital signal to the corresponding communication network, and mark the network interface type as Ai; wherein i represents the number of network interface types, i=1, 2, 3; number the digital signal in the order of acquisition time and mark it as Bi, and combine the network interface type and number as a digital signal identification mark; wherein the types of communication networks include: CAN communication network, RS485 communication network, network interface communication network;

[0063] Obtain the transmission distance of the digital signal from the database; determine whether the transmission distance exceeds the equivalent distance; if yes, a repeater needs to be added; if no, a repeater does not need to be added;

[0064] The equivalent distance is obtained by counting the number of obstacles in the transmission path and marking them as ZAi and the number of devices that need to be converted by repeaters as ZHj; marking the total section without interference factors as X; wherein the interference factors include: obstacles and signal conversion equipment;

[0065] By formula Calculate the equivalent distance between each sensor and the host;

[0066] Where i represents the number of obstacles; j represents the number of signal conversion devices; i≤n, j≤n; and the value range of i, j, and n is a positive integer; α i is the influence coefficient of the ith obstacle on signal transmission, β j is the influence coefficient of the jth signal conversion device on signal transmission, α i The specific value of is determined according to the thickness and material of the i-th obstacle; β j The specific value of is determined by those skilled in the art according to the conversion rate of the j-th signal conversion device;

[0067] For example, α i The values ​​of are shown in Table 1:

[0068] Wall thickness and material <![CDATA[The corresponding influence coefficient α i > 240mm reinforced cement soil mixed wall 10 370mm reinforced cement soil mixed wall 15 240mm artificial board wall 3 370mm artificial board wall 5 25mm glass wall 6

[0069] Retrieve the equivalent distance and obtain the transmission range of the repeater from the database;

[0070] A preliminary estimate of the number of repeaters is obtained by dividing the equivalent distance by the transmission range of the repeater and multiplying it by the corresponding attenuation factor;

[0071] The remaining distance is calculated by subtracting the initial estimate of the number of repeaters from the total transmission distance and multiplying it by the transmission range;

[0072] Determine whether the remaining distance is greater than half of the transmission range; if so, the actual number of repeaters to be added is the initial estimated value plus one; if not, the initial estimated value of the number of repeaters is used as the actual number of repeaters to be added;

[0073] Connect the LoRa node to the sensor and determine whether the LoRa gateway starts to receive the data frame of the digital signal; if yes, transmit it to the LoRa gateway through the LoRa MAC protocol in the LoRaWAN protocol and receive the data frame of the corresponding digital signal; if no, refuse to receive the data frame of the corresponding digital signal and continue to judge.

[0074] For example, three types of sensors, numbered a, b, and c, need to be installed at the head of a belt conveyor under a mine, respectively used to detect and collect smoke, temperature, and touch, respectively; the identifier of the data frame header of the sent data information is determined by a specific pattern matching method; wherein, the identifier of the data frame header of the identification data information corresponding to sensor a includes: the factory type number is a, and the MAC address of the corresponding sensor is 00:16:EA:AE:3C:40, including: the factory type number and the type field are 0001;

[0075] The identification of the data frame header of the identification data information corresponding to sensor b includes: the factory type number is b, the MAC address of the corresponding sensor is 00:16:EA:AE:3C:41, including: the factory type number, the type field is 0002;

[0076] The identification of the data frame header of the identification data information corresponding to sensor c includes: the factory type number is c, the MAC address of the corresponding sensor is 00:16:EA:AE:3C:42, including: the factory type number, the type field is 0003;

[0077] There are five obstacles in the path of sensor a for data transmission, including two walls with a thickness of 240 mm and three walls with a thickness of 370 mm. The influence coefficient of the 240 mm thick reinforced cement-soil mixed wall on the signal is 10, and the influence coefficient of the 370 mm thick artificial board wall on the signal is 5.

[0078] There are five devices that need to use repeaters for signal conversion; among them, there are three signal converters and two network interface converters; among them, the influence coefficient of the signal converter on the signal is 8, and the influence coefficient of the network interface converter on the signal is 9;

[0079] The total section without interference factors is marked as 780m;

[0080] By formula The calculated equivalent distance between sensor a and the host is 857m;

[0081] Obtain the propagation environment factors, which include: temperature 35 (℃), relative humidity 45 (%), air pressure 1.01325×10 5 (Pa) and electromagnetic interference 1.0022×104 (dBm);

[0082] By the formula n = 0.0001 × 35 + 0.001 × 45% + 0.001 × 1.01325 × 10 5 -0.01×1.0032×10 4 The environmental interference factor n of the working frequency band of 868MHz is 1.00895;

[0083] It should be noted that the temperature T, relative humidity S, air pressure P, and the coefficients 0.0001 and 0.001 before the electromagnetic interference I are all obtained through experiments in specific experimental scenarios.

[0084] When the reference distance is 100 meters, the corresponding path loss is marked as 1 and the scaling factor m is -1;

[0085] By the formula L(d) = L(d0) + 10 m ×n×lg(d / d0)=1+10 -1 ×1.00895×lg(857 / 100) to calculate the path loss when the total transmission distance is 857m is 1.09408;

[0086] The transmission range of the repeater obtained from the database is 100m. The preliminary estimate of the number of installed repeaters is 9 units by dividing the equivalent distance 857m by the transmission range of the repeater 100m and multiplying by the corresponding attenuation coefficient 1.09408;

[0087] The total transmission distance is 857m minus the initial estimate of the number of repeaters, 9, multiplied by the transmission range of 100m, and the remaining distance is less than half of the transmission range; 9 is then taken as the actual number of repeaters to be added.

[0088] The LoRa node is connected to the three sensors respectively. If the data frame identifiers of the three sensors all conform to the specific pattern, they will be transmitted to the LoRa gateway through the LoRa MAC protocol in the LoRaWAN protocol to receive the data frames of the corresponding digital signals.

[0089] See also Figure 3 , the specific implementation steps of the LoRa gateway module are to retrieve the digital signal identification flag and determine whether there is a discontinuity in the digital signal identification flag; if yes, the digital signal received by the host is incomplete, and the number of communication interfaces available on the host is counted; if no, the digital signal received by the host is complete, and the data information corresponding to the digital signal is stored to complete the data communication;

[0090] Obtain the communication interface type and number of interfaces supported by the device from the database, and match them with the communication interface type and number of interfaces of the host; determine whether the communication interface type supported by the device is consistent with the communication interface type of the host;

[0091] If yes, it is determined whether the number of communication interfaces of the host is greater than the number of communication interfaces supported by the device; if yes, the communication network interface meets the connection requirements of the corresponding device and completes the data communication; if no, the communication network interface cannot meet the connection requirements of the corresponding device and the corresponding communication network interface is added;

[0092] If not, the communication network interface cannot meet the connection requirements of the corresponding device.

[0093] For example, the CAN communication network, RS485 communication network, and network interface communication network are marked as A1, A2, and A3 respectively; the digital signals are matched to the corresponding communication networks, and the digital signals obtained by the three sensors are numbered and marked as B1, B2, and B3 in order of the time of acquisition; the network interface type and the number are combined as a digital signal identification mark; among them, sensor a is A1B2; sensor b is A2B1; sensor c is A3B2; since B3 does not exist in the digital signal identification mark, there is a gap in the digital signal identification mark, then the communication interface types supported by the device obtained from the database are A1, A2, and A3, and the number of interfaces of the three types are 3, 6, and 13 respectively; the communication interface types of the host are A1, A2, and A3; the number of interfaces of the three types are 12, 5, and 14 respectively; since 6>5, the number of communication interfaces of the host is less than the number of communication interfaces supported by the device, then the communication network interface cannot meet the connection requirements of the corresponding device, and the corresponding communication network interface is added.

[0094] See also Figure 4 The second aspect of the present invention provides a mine belt head data communication method based on a wireless sensor, comprising:

[0095] Install several wireless sensors at the head of the belt conveyor under the mine; collect data information through the wireless sensors and set the data frame header of the wireless sensors;

[0096] Convert data information into digital signals and construct digital signal identification marks; determine whether to add repeaters in the transmission path; if yes, calculate the number of repeaters added and transmit the digital signal to the LoRa gateway by connecting the corresponding repeaters; if no, transmit the digital signal to the LoRa gateway;

[0097] Retrieve the digital signal identification flag to determine whether the digital signal received by the host is complete; if yes, store the data information corresponding to the digital signal and complete the data communication; if no, count the number of available communication interfaces on the host to determine whether the communication network interface meets the connection requirements of the corresponding device; if yes, complete the data communication; if no, add the corresponding communication network interface.

[0098] Part of the data in the above formula is calculated by removing the dimension and taking its numerical value. The formula is a formula closest to the actual situation obtained by software simulation of a large amount of collected data; the preset parameters and preset thresholds in the formula are set by technical personnel in this field according to actual conditions or obtained through simulation of a large amount of data.

[0099] The working principle of the present invention is as follows: the present invention collects data information through wireless sensors and sets the data frame header of the wireless sensors; constructs a digital signal identification mark; determines whether to add a repeater in the transmission path; if yes, calculates the number of added repeaters; if no, transmits the digital signal to the LoRa gateway; determines whether the digital signal received by the host is complete; if yes, completes the data communication; if no, counts the number of available communication interfaces on the host and determines whether the communication network interface meets the connection requirements of the corresponding device; if yes, completes the data communication; if no, adds the corresponding communication network interface.

[0100] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical method of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical method of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical method of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mine belt head data communication system based on wireless sensors, characterized in that: include: Data acquisition module, repeater module, LoRa gateway module; Data acquisition module: several wireless sensors are installed at the head of the belt conveyor under the mine; Collect data information through wireless sensors and set the data frame header of the wireless sensors; the wireless sensors include: smoke, temperature, speed, temperature vibration, touch, dust, and methane sensors; the data information includes: real-time data of the sensors and the control status of the corresponding sensors; Repeater module: converts data information into digital signals and constructs digital signal identification marks; determines whether to add repeaters in the transmission path; if yes, calculates the number of repeaters added and transmits the digital signal to the LoRa gateway by connecting the corresponding repeaters; if no, transmits the digital signal to the LoRa gateway; LoRa gateway module: retrieve the digital signal identification flag to determine whether the digital signal received by the host is complete; if yes, store the data information corresponding to the digital signal and complete the data communication; if no, count the number of available communication interfaces on the host to determine whether the communication network interface meets the connection requirements of the corresponding device; if yes, complete the data communication; if no, add the corresponding communication network interface.

2. According to the wireless sensor-based mine belt head data communication system of claim 1, it is characterized in that: The step of constructing a digital signal identification mark comprises: Match the digital signal to the corresponding communication network, and mark the network interface type as Ai; wherein i represents the number of network interface types, i=1, 2, 3; number the digital signals in chronological order of acquisition and mark them as Bi, and combine the network interface type and number as a digital signal identification mark; wherein the types of communication networks include: CAN communication network, RS485 communication network, and network interface communication network.

3. According to the wireless sensor-based mine belt head data communication system of claim 1, it is characterized in that: The determining whether to add a repeater in the transmission path includes: Obtain the transmission distance of the digital signal from the database; determine whether the transmission distance exceeds the equivalent distance; if yes, a repeater needs to be added; if no, a repeater does not need to be added; The equivalent distance is obtained by counting the number of obstacles in the transmission path and marking them as ZAi and the number of devices that need to be converted by repeaters as ZHj; marking the total section without interference factors as X; wherein the interference factors include: obstacles and signal conversion equipment; By formula Calculate the equivalent distance between each sensor and the host; Where i represents the number of obstacles; j represents the number of signal conversion devices; i≤n, j≤n; and the value range of i, j, and n is a positive integer; α i is the influence coefficient of the ith obstacle on signal transmission, β j is the influence coefficient of the j-th signal conversion device on signal transmission.

4. A mine belt head data communication system based on wireless sensors according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: The calculation of the number of repeaters added includes: Retrieve the equivalent distance and obtain the transmission range of the repeater from the database; A preliminary estimate of the number of repeaters is obtained by dividing the equivalent distance by the transmission range of the repeater and multiplying it by the corresponding attenuation factor; The remaining distance is calculated by subtracting the initial estimate of the number of repeaters from the total transmission distance and multiplying it by the transmission range; Determine whether the remaining distance is greater than half of the transmission range; if so, the actual number of repeaters added is the initial estimate plus one; if not, the initial estimate of the number of repeaters is used as the actual number of repeaters added.

5. The mine belt head data communication system based on wireless sensor according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The method for obtaining the attenuation coefficient includes: Obtain the propagation environment factors, mark the path loss when the reference distance is d0 as L(d0), and take the equivalent distance d as the total transmission distance; wherein the propagation environment factors include: temperature T, relative humidity S, air pressure P, and electromagnetic interference I; The environmental interference factor n is obtained by the formula n = 0.0001 × T + 0.001 × S + 0.001 × P - 0.01 × I; By the formula L(d) = L(d0) + 10 m ×n×lg(d / d0) is used to calculate the path loss when the total transmission distance is d; where m is the scaling factor and the value range of m is an integer; The attenuation coefficient is marked as a, the transmission distance is marked as CJ; the repeater and connector loss is marked as L; By formula The attenuation coefficient is calculated.

6. The mine belt head data communication system based on wireless sensor according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The transmitting of the digital signal to the LoRa gateway comprises: Connect the LoRa node to the sensor and determine whether the LoRa gateway starts to receive the data frame of the digital signal; if yes, transmit it to the LoRa gateway through the LoRa MAC protocol in the LoRaWAN protocol; if no, continue to determine.

7. The mine belt head data communication system based on wireless sensor according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The determining whether the LoRa gateway starts to receive the data frame of the digital signal includes: The data frame identifier is retrieved to determine whether the data frame identifier conforms to a specific pattern; if so, the data frame of the corresponding digital signal is started to be received; if not, the data frame of the corresponding digital signal is refused to be received.

8. The mine belt head data communication system based on wireless sensor according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The step of judging whether the digital signal received by the host is complete comprises: The digital signal identification flag is retrieved to determine whether there is a discontinuity in the digital signal identification flag; if so, the digital signal received by the host is incomplete; if not, the digital signal received by the host is complete.

9. The mine belt head data communication system based on wireless sensor according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The determining whether the communication network interface meets the connection requirements of the corresponding device includes: Obtain the communication interface type and interface quantity supported by the device from the database, and match them with the communication interface type and interface quantity of the host; Determine whether the communication interface type supported by the device is consistent with the communication interface type of the host; If yes, it is determined whether the number of communication interfaces of the host is greater than the number of communication interfaces supported by the device; if yes, the communication network interface meets the connection requirements of the corresponding device; if no, the communication network interface cannot meet the connection requirements of the corresponding device; If not, the communication network interface cannot meet the connection requirements of the corresponding device.

10. A mine belt conveyor head data communication method based on wireless sensors, applied to a mine belt conveyor head data communication system based on wireless sensors as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: include: Install several wireless sensors at the head of the belt conveyor under the mine; collect data information through the wireless sensors and set the data frame header of the wireless sensors; Convert data information into digital signals and construct digital signal identification marks; determine whether to add repeaters in the transmission path; if yes, calculate the number of repeaters added and transmit the digital signal to the LoRa gateway by connecting the corresponding repeaters; if no, transmit the digital signal to the LoRa gateway; Retrieve the digital signal identification mark to determine whether the digital signal received by the host is complete; If yes, the data information corresponding to the digital signal is stored to complete the data communication; if no, the number of available communication interfaces on the host is counted to determine whether the communication network interface meets the connection requirements of the corresponding device; if yes, the data communication is completed; If not, add the corresponding communication network interface.

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