Heavy structure gravity auxiliary welding deformation control method and device

Abstract

The invention provides a heavy structure gravity-assisted welding deformation control method and device, and the method comprises the steps: arranging a welding station, and enabling a first workpiece and a second workpiece to be used for forming the orientation of a welding groove of a welding seam or a welding deformation direction to be opposite to a gravity direction; fixing the first workpiece on a stationary plane; a first jacking piece and a second jacking piece are arranged at the two ends of the lower portion of the second workpiece correspondingly and used for jacking the second workpiece; a first pressure sensor and a second pressure sensor are arranged between the first jacking piece and the second workpiece and between the second jacking piece and the second workpiece, and the pressure exerted on the jacking pieces by the second workpiece is displayed in real time. In the welding process, welding deformation of the first workpiece and the second workpiece is measured in real time, the height of the first jacking piece and / or the second jacking piece is adjusted according to the welding deformation, the pressure of the first pressure sensor and the pressure of the second pressure sensor are kept within a reasonable range, and the welding deformation of the first workpiece and the second workpiece is controlled within an allowable range. And welding deformation is effectively reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of welding deformation control, and in particular relates to a method and a device for controlling deformation of heavy structure gravity-assisted welding. Background Art

[0002] The manufacturing process of the TF (toroidal field) coil box of the fusion reactor involves the welding of a large number of stainless steel welds. The total height of the TF coil box is about 18 meters, the total width is about 12 meters, the weight of a single workpiece is tens of tons, and the maximum weld thickness is 380mm. Due to the effect of welding stress, the workpiece will produce a large deformation. Usually, symmetrical welding, strong restraint of tooling and other methods are used to control the deformation of the workpiece. However, sometimes the symmetrical welding method cannot be used to control the deformation of the workpiece (such as the case of single-sided welding groove). If strong restraint of tooling is used to control the deformation, there will be unpredictable residual deformation when the strong restraint is released. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and device for controlling deformation of heavy structure gravity-assisted welding, which utilizes the workpiece's own gravity to control deformation, can effectively reduce welding deformation, and has the advantages of low cost, easy operation and good deformation control effect.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides a method for controlling deformation of gravity-assisted welding of a heavy structure, wherein the heavy structure comprises at least a first workpiece and a second workpiece, and the method comprises: arranging welding stations so that the welding grooves of the first workpiece and the second workpiece used to form a weld face in a direction opposite to the direction of gravity, or so that the welding deformation direction is opposite to the direction of gravity; rigidly fixing the first workpiece on a stationary plane so that the first workpiece remains stationary during welding; respectively arranging a first lifting member and a second lifting member below the second workpiece close to a first end of the weld and away from a second end of the weld for supporting the second workpiece; respectively arranging a first pressure sensor and a second pressure sensor between the first lifting member and the second lifting member and the second workpiece to display in real time the pressure of the first end and the second end of the second workpiece acting on the first lifting member and the second lifting member; measuring the welding deformation of the first workpiece and the second workpiece in real time during welding, and adjusting the height of the first lifting member and / or the second lifting member according to the welding deformation, so that the pressure of the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor is maintained within a reasonable range, and the welding deformation of the first workpiece and the second workpiece is controlled within an allowable range.

[0005] Optionally, the welding process comprises the following steps of measuring the welding deformation of the first workpiece and the second workpiece in real time: setting a plurality of dimension monitoring points on the upper surfaces of the first workpiece and the second workpiece, the dimension monitoring points being respectively located at the ends of the first workpiece and the second workpiece; setting a displacement sensor on each of the dimension monitoring points for measuring the deformation data of the first workpiece and the second workpiece in the vertical direction in real time; and calculating the angular deformation and / or flexural deformation of the first workpiece and the second workpiece through the deformation data.

[0006] Optionally, the dimension monitoring points are arranged along the center line of the first workpiece and the second workpiece to monitor the angular deformation of the first workpiece and the second workpiece; and / or the dimension monitoring points are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the center line with the center line of the first workpiece and the second workpiece as the axis of symmetry to monitor the flexural deformation of the first workpiece and the second workpiece.

[0007] Optionally, the distance from the first lifting member to the weld is 200 to 500 mm.

[0008] Optionally, each dimension monitoring point disposed at the ends of the first workpiece and the second workpiece is 200 to 500 mm away from the corresponding end.

[0009] Optionally, adjusting the height of the first lifting member and / or the second lifting member according to the welding deformation of the first workpiece and the second workpiece so that the pressure of the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor is maintained within a reasonable range includes the following situations:

[0010] Case 1: After the first workpiece and the second workpiece are fixed by spot welding, there is no weld shrinkage force between the first workpiece and the second workpiece, the heights of the first lifting member and the second lifting member are kept unchanged, and the pressures of the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor are equal to the gravity of the second workpiece;

[0011] Case 2: When the weld thickness between the first workpiece and the second workpiece is less than 1 / 3 of the weld groove depth, the weld shrinkage force between the first workpiece and the second workpiece is small, the height of the first lifting member is lowered, and the supporting force of the first lifting member on the second workpiece is reduced to control welding deformation. The pressure of the first pressure sensor is less than the gravity of the second workpiece, the height of the second lifting member is kept unchanged, and the pressure of the second pressure sensor is equal to the gravity of the second workpiece.

[0012] Case 3: When the weld thickness between the first workpiece and the second workpiece is greater than or equal to 1 / 3 of the weld groove depth, the first workpiece and the second workpiece are connected as a whole. While keeping the height of the first lifting member unchanged, when the pressure of the first pressure sensor is equal to 0, the height of the second lifting member is adjusted to control the welding deformation.

[0013] Optionally, in situation 3, when downward angular deformation occurs at the weld between the first workpiece and the second workpiece, the height of the second lifting member is increased to increase the supporting force of the second lifting member on the second workpiece; when upward angular deformation occurs at the weld between the first workpiece and the second workpiece, the height of the second lifting member is lowered to reduce the supporting force of the second lifting member on the second workpiece.

[0014] Optionally, when the shrinkage force of the weld between the first workpiece and the second workpiece makes the pressure of the second pressure sensor equal to 0, the second lifting member is replaced with a pulling member, and a downward pulling force is applied to the second end of the second workpiece to reduce the upward angular deformation of the weld of the second workpiece.

[0015] Optionally, the first lifting member and the second lifting member are jack devices, and the lifting member is a hoist device.

[0016] The present invention also provides a heavy-duty structure gravity-assisted welding deformation control device, which is suitable for the above-mentioned welding deformation control method, and includes: fixed support members, which are arranged at both ends below the first workpiece and are used to fix the first workpiece on a stationary plane; a first lifting member and a second lifting member, which are arranged at both ends below the second workpiece and are used to support the second workpiece; a first pressure sensor and a second pressure sensor are also arranged between the first lifting member and the second lifting member and the second workpiece, which are used to display in real time the pressure exerted on the first lifting member and the second lifting member by the two ends of the second workpiece respectively; a plurality of displacement sensors are arranged at intervals along the upper surfaces of the first workpiece and the second workpiece to measure the welding deformation of the first workpiece and the second workpiece in real time; according to the welding deformation of the first workpiece and the second workpiece, the height of the first lifting member and / or the second lifting member is adjusted to achieve control of welding deformation.

[0017] In summary, compared with the prior art, the heavy structure gravity-assisted welding deformation control method and device provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the welding deformation control method adjusts the supporting force of the first lifting member and the second lifting member on the second workpiece in real time during the welding process according to the deformation data fed back by each displacement sensor arranged on the upper surface of the first workpiece and the second workpiece, so that the bending moment generated by the weld shrinkage force, the gravity of the second workpiece and the supporting force of the first lifting member and the second lifting member on the weld is always balanced, so that the stress conditions and welding deformation conditions of the first workpiece and the second workpiece are very intuitive, and the welding deformation can be controlled within the minimum range.

[0018] Secondly, the welding deformation control device can control the welding deformation of heavy and large workpieces, and is inexpensive, saving costs. Furthermore, the problem of difficulty in turning over and welding position caused by welding heavy and large workpieces with double-sided grooves is solved. The welding deformation control method provided by the present invention does not require turning over heavy and large workpieces, nor does it require welding in difficult positions, reducing the difficulty of welding; at the same time, the deformation of the workpiece can be observed in real time, and there is no residual deformation after the workpiece is welded, and the welding deformation is intuitive and controllable. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the use of the heavy structure gravity-assisted welding deformation control device of the present invention for welding the final annular seam of the BU section;

[0020] Figure 2 Schematic cross-sectional view of the welding groove of the final annular seam of the BU section in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 A top view of a first workpiece and a second workpiece of a BU section in an embodiment of the present invention, each of which is provided with two size monitoring points;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a top view of the first workpiece and the second workpiece of the BU section in an embodiment of the present invention, each of which is provided with four size monitoring points. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The following will be combined with the attached embodiment of the present invention Figure 1 ~Attached Figure 4 , the technical solutions, structural features, objectives achieved and effects in the embodiments of the present invention are described in detail.

[0024] It should be noted that the drawings are in a very simplified form and use non-precise proportions. They are only used to conveniently and clearly assist in explaining the embodiments of the present invention, and are not used to limit the conditions for the implementation of the present invention. Therefore, they have no substantive technical significance. Any structural modification, change in proportional relationship or adjustment of size, without affecting the effects and purposes that can be achieved by the present invention, should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed by the present invention.

[0025] It should be noted that, in the present invention, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only the elements explicitly listed, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0026] This embodiment takes the final annular seam welding of the fusion reactor coil box BU section as an example. The BU section includes a first workpiece 101 and a second workpiece 102. The first workpiece 101 weighs about 95 tons and has an arc length of about 13 meters; the second workpiece 102 weighs about 96 tons and has an arc length of about 11 meters. After the BU section is welded, it is in a "C" shape. Figure 1 As shown, the thickness of the weld between the first workpiece 101 and the second workpiece 102 is about 268 mm.

[0027] If the large BU section workpiece as described above is welded with an anti-deformation tool to control welding deformation, the size of the anti-deformation tool will be very large; if double-sided groove alternating welding is used to control welding deformation, it is necessary to turn over and weld, but it is very difficult to turn over the huge BU section workpiece, and turning over will cause new deformation before the BU section welding is completed; if one side is welded in the flat welding position and the other side is welded in the overhead welding position, there are defects such as difficulty in welding in the overhead welding position and the welding quality cannot be guaranteed. Therefore, the final circumferential seam of the BU section adopts the welding process of single-sided groove welding in the flat welding position.

[0028] In order to achieve the final annular seam of the BU section being welded in the flat welding position, an embodiment of the present invention provides a heavy-duty structure gravity-assisted welding deformation control device, such as Figure 1As shown, it includes: fixed support members 15, which are respectively arranged at the two ends below the first workpiece 101, and are used to fix the first workpiece 101 on a stationary plane; a first lifting member 121 and a second lifting member 122, which are respectively arranged at the two ends below the second workpiece 102, and are used to support the second workpiece 102; a first pressure sensor 123 and a second pressure sensor 124 are also arranged between the first lifting member 121 and the second lifting member 122 and the second workpiece 102, and are used to display in real time the pressure acting on the first lifting member 121 and the second lifting member 122 at the two ends of the second workpiece 102; a plurality of displacement sensors are arranged at intervals along the upper surfaces of the first workpiece 101 and the second workpiece 102, so as to measure the welding deformation of the first workpiece 101 and the second workpiece 102 in real time; according to the welding deformation of the first workpiece 101 and the second workpiece 102, the height of the first lifting member 121 and / or the second lifting member 122 is adjusted to achieve control of welding deformation.

[0029] Based on the above welding deformation control device, the present invention also provides a heavy structure gravity-assisted welding deformation control method for welding a first workpiece 101 and a second workpiece 102 of a BU section, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0030] S1, arranging welding stations so that the welding groove 103 of the first workpiece 101 and the second workpiece 102 for forming the weld 104 faces the direction opposite to the gravity direction, or the welding deformation direction is opposite to the gravity direction;

[0031] Specifically, in this embodiment, Figure 1 As shown, the first workpiece 101 and the second workpiece 102 are placed with their openings downward, and the welding grooves 103 of the first workpiece 101 and the second workpiece 102 used to form the weld 104 are facing upward, so that the welding grooves 103 are opposite to the direction of gravity (downward). At the same time, the first workpiece 101 and the second workpiece 102 are placed with their openings downward, and the weld 104 is approximately located at the highest point, so that the torque applied by the first workpiece 101 and the second workpiece 102 to the weld 104 is as large as possible, thereby improving the stress distribution of the first workpiece 101 and the second workpiece 102 in the arc shape during the welding process, reducing stress concentration, and improving the stability of the welding structure.

[0032] Further, if Figure 2 As shown, the welding groove 103 of the first workpiece 101 and the second workpiece 102 in this embodiment is a single-sided welding groove of the outer wall. Under normal circumstances, the welding deformation trend of the workpiece is that the second workpiece 102 undergoes an upward angular deformation relative to the first workpiece 101.

[0033] S2. Rigidly fix the first workpiece 101 on a stationary plane so that the first workpiece 101 remains stationary during the welding process; wherein the weight of the first workpiece 101 is less than the weight of the second workpiece 102, or the length of the first workpiece 101 is less than the length of the second workpiece 102.

[0034] Specifically, Figure 1 As shown, the first workpiece 101 is rigidly fixed by two rigid fixing points, point A and point B. In this embodiment, since the weight of the first workpiece 101 is less than the weight of the second workpiece 102, the first workpiece 101 is welded to the tooling base using fixed supports 15 at points A and B, respectively, wherein point A is located at the first end of the first workpiece 101, point B is located at the second end of the second workpiece 101, and the distance from point B to the weld is 200 to 500 mm. The first workpiece 101 is fixed on the tooling base (which may also be the ground in other embodiments) by the fixed supports, so that the first workpiece 101 does not move as much as possible during the welding process.

[0035] S3, a first lifting member 121 and a second lifting member 122 are respectively arranged at a first end (i.e., point C) close to the weld and a second end (i.e., point D) far from the weld below the second workpiece 102, for supporting the second workpiece 102; a first pressure sensor 123 and a second pressure sensor 124 are respectively arranged between the first lifting member 121 and the second lifting member 122 and the second workpiece 102, for real-time display of the pressures of the first and second ends of the second workpiece 102 acting on the first lifting member 121 and the second lifting member 122;

[0036] Optionally, the distance from the first lifting member 121 to the weld 104 is 200-500 mm, that is, the distance from point C to the weld 104 is 200-500 mm.

[0037] S4. During the welding process, the welding deformation of the first workpiece 101 and the second workpiece 102 is measured in real time, and the height of the first lifting member 121 and / or the second lifting member 122 is adjusted according to the welding deformation, so that the pressure of the first pressure sensor 123 and the second pressure sensor 124 is kept within a reasonable range, thereby controlling the welding deformation of the first workpiece 101 and the second workpiece 102 within an allowable range. The welding deformation includes angular deformation and flexural deformation of the workpiece.

[0038] Furthermore, the real-time measurement of the welding deformation of the first workpiece 101 and the second workpiece 102 during the welding process includes the following steps:

[0039] S41, setting two size monitoring points on the upper surfaces of the first workpiece 101 and the second workpiece 102 respectively, such as Figure 1As shown, the size monitoring points are respectively located at the ends of the first workpiece 101 and the second workpiece 102; specifically, in this embodiment, as Figure 3 As shown, the two size monitoring points on the first workpiece 101 are the first workpiece first size monitoring point 11 and the first workpiece second size monitoring point 12; the two size monitoring points on the second workpiece 102 are the second workpiece first size monitoring point 21 and the second workpiece second size monitoring point 22, and the first workpiece first size monitoring point 11 and the first workpiece second size monitoring point 12 are along the center line of the first workpiece 101 ( Figure 3 The second workpiece first size monitoring point 21 and the second workpiece second size monitoring point 22 are arranged along the center line of the second workpiece 102;

[0040] S42, a displacement sensor is provided at each of the size monitoring points, for real-time measurement of the deformation data of the first workpiece 101 and the second workpiece 102 in the vertical direction; specifically, Figure 1 As shown, the first workpiece first size monitoring point 11 and the first workpiece second size monitoring point 12 are respectively provided with a first displacement sensor 11a and a second displacement sensor 12a, for obtaining the first deformation data of the first workpiece 101; the second workpiece first size monitoring point 21 and the second workpiece second size monitoring point 22 are respectively provided with a third displacement sensor 21a and a fourth displacement sensor 22a, for obtaining the second deformation data of the second workpiece 102; the first deformation data and the second deformation data are the vertical displacement changes of each size monitoring point on the first workpiece 101 and the second workpiece 102 respectively.

[0041] Among them, the distance between each of the dimension monitoring points set at the ends of the first workpiece 101 and the second workpiece 102 and their corresponding ends is 200-500 mm, that is, the distance between the first dimension monitoring point 11 of the first workpiece and the first end (i.e. point A) of the first workpiece 101 is 200-500 mm, the distance between the second dimension monitoring point 12 of the first workpiece and the second end (i.e. the location of the weld) of the first workpiece 101 is 200-500 mm, the distance between the first dimension monitoring point 21 of the second workpiece and the first end (i.e. the location of the weld) of the second workpiece 102 is 200-500 mm, and the distance between the second dimension monitoring point 22 of the second workpiece and the second end (i.e. point D) of the second workpiece 102 is 200-500 mm.

[0042] S43. The angular deformation of the first workpiece 101 and the second workpiece 102 can be calculated respectively through the first deformation data and the second deformation data; specifically, if the first workpiece first size monitoring point 11 and the first workpiece second size monitoring point 12 have no vertical displacement change, that is, the first deformation data is 0; the displacement change of the second workpiece first size monitoring point 21 is +0.5mm, and the displacement change of the second workpiece second size monitoring point 22 is +2mm, which constitute the second deformation data, and the straight-line distance between the second workpiece first size monitoring point 21 and the second workpiece second size monitoring point 22 is 5 meters, it can be calculated that the angular deformation of the line connecting the second workpiece first size monitoring point 21 and the second workpiece second size monitoring point 22 and the line connecting the first workpiece first size monitoring point 11 and the first workpiece second size monitoring point 12 is arcsin[(2-0.5) / 5000]=0.01718°.

[0043] In another embodiment, in step S41, four size monitoring points are respectively set on the upper surfaces of the first workpiece 101 and the second workpiece 102, and the size monitoring points are respectively located at the ends of the first workpiece 101 and the second workpiece 102. Figure 4 As shown, the four size monitoring points on the first workpiece 101 are respectively the first size monitoring point 11 of the first workpiece, the second size monitoring point 12 of the first workpiece, the third size monitoring point 13 of the first workpiece and the fourth size monitoring point 14 of the first workpiece; the four size monitoring points on the second workpiece 102 are respectively the first size monitoring point 21 of the second workpiece, the second size monitoring point 22 of the second workpiece, the third size monitoring point 23 of the second workpiece and the fourth size monitoring point 24 of the second workpiece.

[0044] Further, if Figure 4As shown, the first workpiece first size monitoring point 11 and the first workpiece second size monitoring point 12 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the center line of the first workpiece 101 with the center line as the symmetry axis, and are located at the first end of the first workpiece 101, and the distance from the corresponding first end (i.e., point A) is 200-500 mm; the first workpiece third size monitoring point 13 and the first workpiece fourth size monitoring point 14 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the center line with the center line of the first workpiece 101 with the center line as the symmetry axis, and are located at the second end of the first workpiece 101, and the distance from the corresponding second end (i.e., the location of the weld) is 200-500 m m; the second workpiece first dimension monitoring point 21 and the second workpiece second dimension monitoring point 22 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the center line of the second workpiece 102, and are located at the first end of the second workpiece 101, and are 200-500mm away from the corresponding first end (i.e., the location of the weld); the second workpiece third dimension monitoring point 23 and the second workpiece fourth dimension monitoring point 24 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the center line of the second workpiece 102, and are located at the second end of the second workpiece 102, and are 200-500mm away from the corresponding second end (i.e., point D). The flexural deformation of the workpiece is obtained by symmetrically arranging the dimension monitoring points along the center line of the workpiece.

[0045] Similarly, this embodiment also includes step S42, setting a displacement sensor at each of the size monitoring points for real-time measurement of deformation data of the first workpiece 101 and the second workpiece 102 in the vertical direction, wherein the deformation data is the displacement change of each size monitoring point in the vertical direction.

[0046] Step S43, through the deformation data, the flexural deformation of the first workpiece 101 and the second workpiece 102 can be calculated. Specifically, if the first workpiece first size monitoring point 11, the first workpiece second size monitoring point 12, the first workpiece third size monitoring point 13, the first workpiece fourth size monitoring point 14, the second workpiece first size monitoring point 21 and the second workpiece third size monitoring point 23 do not have a vertical displacement change, and the second workpiece second size monitoring point 22 and the second workpiece fourth size monitoring point 24 displacement changes are +0.5mm, and the distance between the second workpiece first size monitoring point 21 and the second workpiece second size monitoring point 22 and the distance between the second workpiece third size monitoring point 23 and the second workpiece fourth size monitoring point 24 are both 1m, it can be calculated that the flexural deformation of the first workpiece 101 and the second workpiece 102 is arcsin (0.5 / 1000) = 0.02865°.

[0047] Further, as the welding thickness increases, the values ​​of the first pressure sensor 123 and the second pressure sensor 124 will change. In order to prevent the first workpiece 101 and the second workpiece 102 from being greatly deformed, the height of the first lifting member 121 and / or the second lifting member 122 can be adjusted according to the welding deformation of the first workpiece 101 and the second workpiece 102, so that the pressure of the first pressure sensor 123 and the second pressure sensor 124 is maintained within a reasonable range, thereby keeping the bending moment generated by the weld contraction force, the gravity of the second workpiece, and the supporting force of the first lifting member and the second lifting member balanced, specifically including the following situations:

[0048] Case 1: After the first workpiece 101 and the second workpiece 102 are fixed by spot welding, there is no weld shrinkage force between the first workpiece 101 and the second workpiece 102, and the heights of the first lifting member 121 and the second lifting member 122 are kept unchanged. The pressures of the first pressure sensor 123 and the second pressure sensor 124 are equal to the gravity of the second workpiece 102, that is, the gravity of the second workpiece 102 is balanced with the supporting forces of the first lifting member 121 and the second lifting member 122;

[0049] Case 2: When the thickness of the weld between the first workpiece 101 and the second workpiece 102 is small, that is, the thickness of the weld is less than 1 / 3 of the depth of the welding groove (that is, the total thickness of the weld), the shrinkage force of the weld between the first workpiece 101 and the second workpiece 102 is small, the height of the first lifting member 121 is reduced, and then the support force of the first lifting member 121 on the first end of the second workpiece 102 (that is, point C) is reduced to control the welding deformation, the pressure of the first pressure sensor 123 is less than the gravity of the second workpiece 102, the height of the second lifting member 122 is kept unchanged, and the pressure of the second pressure sensor 124 is equal to the gravity of the second workpiece 102; at this time, since point C is close to the weld 104, the supporting force of the first lifting member 121 on the weld 104 generates a small bending moment, so reducing the supporting force of the first lifting member 121 will not damage the weld 104;

[0050] Case 3: As the thickness of the weld 104 gradually increases, when the weld thickness between the first workpiece 101 and the second workpiece 102 is greater than or equal to 1 / 3 of the weld groove depth (i.e., the total weld thickness), the first workpiece 101 and the second workpiece 102 are connected as a whole. At this time, while keeping the height of the first lifting member 121 unchanged, the pressure of the first pressure sensor 123 slowly becomes 0. At this time, the support force for the first end of the second workpiece 102 (i.e., point C) is provided by point B of the first workpiece 101. In other words, when the pressure of the first pressure sensor 123 is equal to 0, the height of the second lifting member 122 can be adjusted to adjust the support force for the second end of the second workpiece 102 to control the welding deformation. Since welding deformation will not occur when the bending moment generated by the weld shrinkage force, the gravity of the second workpiece, and the support force of point D on the weld position reaches a balance, and at the same time, the distance between point D and the weld is relatively far, and the adjustable range of the bending moment is very large, by adjusting the support force of point D, the first workpiece 101 and the second workpiece 102 can be controlled to basically not undergo welding deformation.

[0051] Among them, when downward angular deformation occurs at the weld between the first workpiece 101 and the second workpiece 102, the height of the second lifting member 122 is increased to increase the supporting force of the second lifting member 122 on the second workpiece 102; when upward angular deformation occurs at the weld between the first workpiece 101 and the second workpiece 102, the height of the second lifting member 122 is lowered to reduce the supporting force of the second lifting member 122 on the second workpiece 102.

[0052] Further, when the weld contraction force between the first workpiece 101 and the second workpiece 102 makes the pressure of the second pressure sensor 124 equal to 0, the second lifting member 122 is replaced with a pulling member, and a downward pulling force is applied to the second end (i.e., point D) of the second workpiece 102 to reduce the upward angular deformation at the weld of the second workpiece 102. It should be noted that in any of the above embodiments, the first lifting member and the second lifting member are jack devices, and the pulling member is a hoist device.

[0053] In summary, compared with the prior art, the heavy-duty structure gravity-assisted welding deformation control method provided by the present invention adjusts the supporting force of the first lifting member 121 and the second lifting member 122 on the second workpiece 102 in real time during the welding process according to the deformation data fed back by the displacement sensors arranged on the upper surfaces of the first workpiece 101 and the second workpiece 102, so that the shrinkage force of the weld, the gravity of the second workpiece and the bending moment generated by the supporting force of the first lifting member and the second lifting member on the weld are always kept balanced, so that the stress conditions and welding deformation conditions of the first workpiece and the second workpiece are very intuitive, and the welding deformation can be controlled within the minimum range. Furthermore, the heavy-duty structure gravity-assisted welding deformation control device provided by the present invention can control the welding deformation of heavy and large workpieces, and is low-priced, saving costs.

[0054] Although the content of the present invention has been described in detail through the above preferred embodiments, it should be appreciated that the above description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention. After reading the above content, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and substitutions of the present invention will occur. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be limited by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for controlling deformation of a heavy structure by gravity-assisted welding, wherein the heavy structure comprises at least a first workpiece and a second workpiece, characterized in that: include: Arrange the welding stations so that the welding grooves of the first workpiece and the second workpiece used to form the weld face in a direction opposite to the direction of gravity, or so that the welding deformation direction is opposite to the direction of gravity; rigidly fixing the first workpiece on a stationary plane so that the first workpiece remains stationary during the welding process; A first lifting member and a second lifting member are respectively arranged at a first end close to the weld and a second end away from the weld below the second workpiece, for supporting the second workpiece; a first pressure sensor and a second pressure sensor are respectively arranged between the first lifting member and the second lifting member and the second workpiece, for displaying in real time the pressures of the first end and the second end of the second workpiece acting on the first lifting member and the second lifting member; During the welding process, the welding deformation of the first workpiece and the second workpiece is measured in real time, and the height of the first lifting member and / or the second lifting member is adjusted according to the welding deformation, so that the pressure of the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor is maintained within a reasonable range, and the welding deformation of the first workpiece and the second workpiece is controlled within an allowable range.

2. The method for controlling deformation of heavy structure gravity-assisted welding according to claim 1, characterized in that: The real-time measurement of the welding deformation of the first workpiece and the second workpiece during the welding process comprises the following steps: A plurality of size monitoring points are arranged on the upper surfaces of the first workpiece and the second workpiece, wherein the size monitoring points are respectively located at the ends of the first workpiece and the second workpiece; A displacement sensor is provided at each of the size monitoring points, for measuring the deformation data of the first workpiece and the second workpiece in the vertical direction in real time; The angular deformation and / or the flexural deformation of the first workpiece and the second workpiece are calculated by using the deformation data.

3. The method for controlling deformation of heavy structure gravity-assisted welding according to claim 2, characterized in that: The size monitoring points are arranged along the center lines of the first workpiece and the second workpiece, and are used to monitor the angular deformation of the first workpiece and the second workpiece; And / or the size monitoring points are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the center line of the first workpiece and the second workpiece with the center line of the first workpiece and the second workpiece as the symmetry axis, so as to monitor the flexural deformation of the first workpiece and the second workpiece.

4. The method for controlling deformation of heavy structure gravity-assisted welding according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance from the first lifting member to the welding seam is 200-500 mm.

5. The method for controlling deformation of heavy structure gravity-assisted welding according to claim 2, characterized in that: The distance between each dimension monitoring point arranged at the ends of the first workpiece and the second workpiece and the corresponding end thereof is 200-500 mm.

6. The method for controlling deformation of heavy structure gravity-assisted welding according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of adjusting the height of the first lifting member and / or the second lifting member according to the welding deformation of the first workpiece and the second workpiece so that the pressure of the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor is maintained within a reasonable range includes the following situations: Case 1: After the first workpiece and the second workpiece are fixed by spot welding, there is no weld shrinkage force between the first workpiece and the second workpiece, the heights of the first lifting member and the second lifting member are kept unchanged, and the pressures of the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor are equal to the gravity of the second workpiece; Case 2: When the weld thickness between the first workpiece and the second workpiece is less than 1 / 3 of the weld groove depth, the weld shrinkage force between the first workpiece and the second workpiece is small, the height of the first lifting member is lowered, and the supporting force of the first lifting member on the second workpiece is reduced to control welding deformation. The pressure of the first pressure sensor is less than the gravity of the second workpiece, the height of the second lifting member is kept unchanged, and the pressure of the second pressure sensor is equal to the gravity of the second workpiece. Case 3: When the weld thickness between the first workpiece and the second workpiece is greater than or equal to 1 / 3 of the weld groove depth, the first workpiece and the second workpiece are connected as a whole. While keeping the height of the first lifting member unchanged, when the pressure of the first pressure sensor is equal to 0, the height of the second lifting member is adjusted to control the welding deformation.

7. The method for controlling deformation of heavy structure gravity-assisted welding according to claim 6, characterized in that: In the situation 3, when downward angular deformation occurs at the weld between the first workpiece and the second workpiece, the height of the second lifting member is increased to increase the supporting force of the second lifting member on the second workpiece; when upward angular deformation occurs at the weld between the first workpiece and the second workpiece, the height of the second lifting member is lowered to reduce the supporting force of the second lifting member on the second workpiece.

8. The method for controlling deformation of heavy structure gravity-assisted welding according to claim 6, characterized in that: When the weld contraction force between the first workpiece and the second workpiece makes the pressure of the second pressure sensor equal to 0, the second lifting member is replaced with a pulling member, and a downward pulling force is applied to the second end of the second workpiece to reduce the upward angular deformation of the weld of the second workpiece.

9. The method for controlling deformation of heavy structure gravity-assisted welding according to claim 8, characterized in that: The first lifting member and the second lifting member are jack devices, and the lifting member is a hoist device.

10. A heavy-duty structure gravity-assisted welding deformation control device, applicable to the welding deformation control method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: include: Fixed support members, arranged at both ends below the first workpiece, for fixing the first workpiece on a stationary plane; A first lifting member and a second lifting member are arranged at two ends below the second workpiece and are used to support the second workpiece; A first pressure sensor and a second pressure sensor are also provided between the first lifting member and the second lifting member and the second workpiece, for displaying in real time the pressure acting on the first lifting member and the second lifting member at both ends of the second workpiece respectively; A plurality of displacement sensors are arranged at intervals along the upper surfaces of the first workpiece and the second workpiece to measure the welding deformation of the first workpiece and the second workpiece in real time; According to the welding deformation of the first workpiece and the second workpiece, the height of the first lifting member and / or the second lifting member is adjusted to achieve control of the welding deformation.

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