Automatic gravity type raise boring machine and large-diameter raise construction method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of raise construction, in particular to an automatic gravity type raise drilling machine and a large-diameter raise construction method.The automatic gravity type raise drilling machine comprises a drilling machine body, a drilling machine drill rod is installed on the drilling machine body, a puncher is arranged at the bottom of the drilling machine drill rod, and the puncher comprises a drill bit, an upward reaming cutterhead and a downward reaming cutterhead; slag discharging holes are formed in the upward reaming cutterhead from bottom to top, and the downward reaming cutterhead is used for reaming; the reaming device has the technical effects and advantages that reaming operation from top to bottom is adopted in reaming of large-diameter raise construction, the feeding pressure needed by reaming can be met through the weight of the drill rod, energy is saved, consumption is reduced, efficiency is improved, the problem of drill rod breakage accidents caused by heavy loads of the drill rod is solved, and the drilling efficiency of the large-diameter raise construction is improved. Energy-saving, safe and efficient reaming is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of large-diameter skylight construction, and in particular to an automated gravity skylight drilling machine and a large-diameter skylight construction method. Background Art

[0002] In existing mine construction, vertical shafts between parallel tunnels are usually drilled with a small diameter and then lifted from the bottom to expand the hole. However, this method has problems such as excessive load on the drill rod and easy breakage. It is not only difficult to achieve energy-saving and efficient operation, but also increases the construction risk. At the same time, the existing technology mainly monitors the construction status through drilling speed, but due to interference from mud, rock debris, etc., the data monitoring accuracy is low, and it is impossible to detect problems and adjust construction parameters in time. In addition, existing drilling rigs mostly rely on manual operation and experience judgment, and the degree of automation is insufficient. It is difficult to achieve precise control and dynamic adjustment of the construction process, resulting in low construction efficiency and limited ability to adjust the drilling angle, speed and load during the hole expansion process.

[0003] Therefore, those skilled in the art provide an automated gravity-type raise boring machine and a large-diameter raise construction method to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides an automated gravity-type skylight drilling rig, comprising a drilling rig body, a drilling rig drill rod installed on the drilling rig body, a puncher provided at the bottom of the drilling rig drill rod, the puncher comprising a drill bit, an upward hole-reaming cutter disc and a downward hole-reaming cutter disc, wherein the drill bit opens a guide hole, the upward hole-reaming cutter disc opens a slag discharge hole from bottom to top, and the downward hole-reaming cutter disc expands the hole;

[0005] The puncher is equipped with a monitoring component, which is integrated with a variety of sensors, including temperature, density, water flow, pressure and vibration frequency sensors;

[0006] The drilling rig body comprises a drilling rig frame, a top stabilizing mechanism is installed on the top of the drilling rig frame, a drilling rig rotating mechanism is arranged inside the drilling rig frame, and a drilling rod of the drilling rig is connected to the drilling rig frame through a grabbing rod manipulator.

[0007] A large-diameter raise construction method using an automated gravity raise drilling rig comprises the following steps:

[0008] (1) Construct horizontal upper and lower channels, arrange a drilling platform at the drilling position of the upper channel, and install the drilling rig body on the platform;

[0009] The drill rod is mounted on the drilling rig body, a punch is mounted on the lower end of the drill rod, and sensors are mounted on the punch, including temperature, density, water flow and pressure sensors and vibration sensors;

[0010] (2) Drilling a pilot hole: Install the punch on the drill rod and drill a small-diameter pilot hole from top to bottom at the drilling location according to the construction design plan;

[0011] (3) Opening a slag discharge hole. When the puncher drills out to the lower channel, stop drilling and replace the upward reaming cutter disc. The upward reaming cutter disc expands the slag discharge hole from bottom to top;

[0012] (4) Further expand the hole to the required size of the large-diameter skylight. After the upward expansion cutter head drills out from the top, replace the downward expansion cutter head and expand the hole from top to bottom to the diameter required by the designed skylight to form a vertical skylight.

[0013] Furthermore, the upward reaming cutter disc has a variety of sizes from small to large, which are selected according to the inner diameter of the reaming hole. The reaming surfaces of the drill bit, the upward reaming cutter disc and the downward reaming cutter disc are all conical structures.

[0014] Furthermore, the diameter of the guide hole is 260 mm-300 mm, the diameter of the slag discharge hole is 800 mm-1000 mm, and the diameter of the vertical shaft is 5 m-8 m.

[0015] A control system for an automated gravity raise boring machine, comprising:

[0016] A monitoring component is arranged inside the puncher and at the hole, including temperature and pressure sensors, density and water flow measuring instruments, vibration sensors and gyroscopes to monitor the punching data;

[0017] The control system receives the data from the monitoring components, analyzes the data and controls the puncher speed, descent speed and punching angle;

[0018] The information receiving component is arranged in the control system and receives the data sent by the monitoring component.

[0019] Furthermore, the punch has a mounting base, the drill bit, the upward reaming cutter disc and the downward reaming cutter disc can be detachably mounted on the mounting base respectively, and the monitoring component is arranged in the mounting base.

[0020] An intelligent control method for an automated gravity-type raise boring machine, comprising:

[0021] (1) installing a monitoring component inside the punch and at the hole opening, wherein the monitoring component includes a temperature and pressure sensor, a density and water flow meter, a vibration sensor and a gyroscope;

[0022] (2) The control system receives the monitoring data and analyzes the data within the system;

[0023] (3) analyzing whether the drilling rotation speed, descent speed, and drilling angle meet the established thresholds based on various monitoring data, and adjusting the above drilling parameters in real time according to the monitoring data;

[0024] (4) When the monitoring data deviates from the monitoring threshold by more than 10%, stop drilling and find the cause of the deviation.

[0025] Furthermore, the step (2) specifically includes:

[0026] 1) The control system classifies the construction data according to the drilling depth and geological information, wherein the real-time position of the puncher and the geological information at the depth are the upper-level construction information, and the geological information when the puncher moves down to the designated position and at the designated position are the lower-level construction information;

[0027] 2) The control system receives the monitoring data in real time as primary data, wherein the primary data received in real time includes the drilling rotation speed, the descending speed and the drilling angle;

[0028] 3) The primary data is processed in combination with the upper-level construction information. Specifically, the drilling speed and descent speed are combined with the rock hardness and drilling depth, and the drilling angle is processed according to the gyroscope data;

[0029] 4) The processed data is used as secondary data, and the secondary data is processed according to the lower-level construction information. Among them, the drilling rotation speed and descent speed in the secondary data are combined with the rock hardness and drilling depth, and the drilling angle is processed according to the gyroscope data.

[0030] Furthermore, the step (3) specifically includes:

[0031] Analyze the temperature, pressure and vibration data in the monitoring data, and adjust the drilling rate when the temperature growth trend exceeds the pressure growth trend;

[0032] Analyze the pressure and vibration data in the monitoring data, and adjust the drilling rate when the growth trend of the vibration data exceeds the growth trend of the pressure.

[0033] Technical effects and advantages of the present invention:

[0034] The present invention uses a monitoring method to obtain the speed change of the drill bit or cutter disc during the drilling or expansion process, and adjusts it to find out the cause of the change, clarify the problems encountered in the drilling, and thus ensure the smooth progress of the drilling construction.

[0035] The present invention adopts a top-down hole enlarging operation in the hole enlarging of large-diameter skylight construction, which can use the weight of the drill rod itself to meet the feed pressure required for hole enlarging, thereby achieving energy saving and consumption reduction, improving efficiency, and avoiding the problem of drill rod breakage accidents due to heavy load, thereby achieving energy-saving, safe and efficient hole enlarging;

[0036] The present invention installs a monitoring component on the puncher, which can receive data such as temperature, density, water flow, pressure and vibration in real time through sensors, so as to realize automatic monitoring and control of the drilling process, and realize safe production and intelligent production. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the drilling rig construction of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 The present invention Figure 1 The structural diagram at A in the middle;

[0039] Figure 3 The present invention Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure at B in the middle;

[0040] Figure 4 The present invention Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the drilling rig Figure 1 ;

[0041] Figure 5 The present invention Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the drilling rig Figure 2 ;

[0042] Figure 6 The present invention Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the upward hole-expanding cutter head;

[0043] Figure 7 The present invention Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the downward reaming cutter disc.

[0044] In the figure:

[0045] 1. Mine; 2. Upper tunnel; 3. Lower tunnel; 4. Drilling rig body; 5. Drilling rig drill rod; 6. Drill bit; 7. Vertical shaft; 8. Upward reaming cutterhead; 9. Downward reaming cutterhead; 41. Drilling rig frame; 42. Drilling rig rotation mechanism; 43. Top stabilization mechanism; 44. Grabbing rod manipulator. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The embodiments of the present invention are provided for the purpose of illustration and description, and are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the present invention to the disclosed forms. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. The embodiments are selected and described in order to better illustrate the principles and practical applications of the present invention, and to enable those of ordinary skill in the art to understand the present invention and thereby design various embodiments with various modifications suitable for specific uses.

[0047] See also Figure 1 to Figure 7 An automated shaft drilling machine comprises a mine 1, wherein an upper tunnel 2 is provided at the top of the mine 1, and a lower tunnel 3 is provided at the bottom thereof, wherein the lower tunnel 3 is used as a slag discharge channel, and a drilling machine body 4 is installed in the upper tunnel 2, a drilling machine drill rod 5 is installed on the drilling machine body 4, and a punch is provided at the bottom of the drilling machine drill rod 5, and the drilling machine body 4 can drive the drilling machine drill rod 5 to rotate, thereby driving the punch installed thereon to rotate, and drilling holes in the area between the upper tunnel 2 and the lower tunnel 3 in the mine 1 to form a shaft;

[0048] In the present invention, the puncher adopts different structures at different stages of the skylight construction. The puncher includes a drill bit 6, an upward hole-reaming cutter disc 8 and a downward hole-reaming cutter disc 9, and the diameters thereof are different. At the same time, when the puncher is used to expand the hole, a monitoring component is also installed on the puncher. The monitoring component includes various sensors, which can receive data such as temperature, density, water flow, pressure and vibration frequency in real time, and transmit the data to the control system of the drilling rig. The control system uses the received information combined with the BIM model to realize automatic control of the drilling process, safe production and intelligent production.

[0049] Among them, the drilling rig body 4 includes a drilling rig frame 41, a top stabilizing mechanism 43 is installed on the top of the drilling rig frame 41, and a drilling rig rotating mechanism 42 is arranged inside the drilling rig frame 41. The drilling rig drill rod 5 is connected to the drilling rig frame 41 through a grab rod manipulator 44. The drilling rig frame 41 plays a supporting role, and its top stabilizing mechanism 43 maintains the stable installation of the entire drilling rig platform. The internal drilling rig rotating mechanism 42 provides kinetic energy for hole expansion, and the grab rod manipulator 44 fixes and adjusts the drilling rig drill rod 5.

[0050] A large-diameter skylight drilling construction method comprises the following steps:

[0051] (1) Construct horizontal upper and lower channels, arrange a drilling platform at the drilling position of the upper channel, and install the drilling rig body on the platform;

[0052] The drill rod is mounted on the drilling rig body, a punch is mounted on the lower end of the drill rod, and sensors are mounted on the punch, including temperature, density, water flow and pressure sensors and a vibration frequency sensor;

[0053] (2) Drilling a pilot hole: Install a puncher on the drill rod, and drill a small-diameter pilot hole from top to bottom at the drilling position according to the construction design plan. During the pilot hole operation, a drill bit 6 is installed on the drill rod 5, and a small-diameter hole is drilled from top to bottom. The small-diameter hole is the pilot hole. In the embodiment shown in the figure, the drill bit 6 is 260 mm, and the pilot hole is directly 260 mm;

[0054] (3) Opening a slag discharge hole. When the puncher drills out to the lower channel, stop drilling and replace the upward reaming cutter disc. The upward reaming cutter disc expands the slag discharge hole from bottom to top, and expands a slag discharge hole from bottom to top. The puncher uses an upward reaming cutter disc 8. In the embodiment shown in the figure, the diameter of the upward reaming cutter disc 8 is 800 mm.

[0055] (4) Further expand the hole to the required size of the large-diameter skylight. After the upward expansion cutter head drills out from the top, replace the downward expansion cutter head and expand the hole from top to bottom to the diameter required by the designed skylight to form a vertical skylight.

[0056] The hole can be expanded from top to bottom to the diameter required by the designed well, forming a vertical well 7. The puncher installed on the drill rod of the drilling rig is a downward expanding cutter disc 9. Due to its large diameter, cutters of different diameters can be selected for multiple hole expansions, and the hole is expanded from top to bottom, so that the weight of the puncher itself can be used when expanding the hole. Therefore, the weight of the drill rod 5 of the drilling rig equipped with the puncher can meet the feed pressure required for hole expansion, and the feed workload of all hydraulic systems is reduced by 90%, thereby achieving energy saving and consumption reduction and improving efficiency. Expanding the hole from top to bottom can also avoid the occurrence of drill rod breakage accidents, which is safer.

[0057] The upward reaming cutter disc has various sizes from small to large, which are selected according to the inner diameter of the reaming hole. The reaming surfaces of the drill bit 6, the upward reaming cutter disc 8 and the downward reaming cutter disc 9 are all conical structures, which makes it easier to drill holes and saves more effort.

[0058] The diameter of the lead hole is 260-300 mm, the diameter of the slag discharge hole is 800 mm-1000 mm, and the diameter of the vertical shaft is 5 m-8 m.

[0059] A control system for an automated gravity raise boring machine, comprising:

[0060] A monitoring component is arranged inside the puncher and at the hole, including temperature and pressure sensors, density and water flow measuring instruments, vibration sensors and gyroscopes to monitor the punching data;

[0061] The control system receives the data from the monitoring components, analyzes the data and controls the puncher speed, descent speed and punching angle;

[0062] The information receiving component is arranged in the control system and receives the data sent by the monitoring component.

[0063] The control method using the above-mentioned automatic gravity raise boring machine control system comprises:

[0064] (1) installing a monitoring component in the punch and at the hole mouth, wherein the monitoring component includes a temperature and pressure sensor, a density and water flow meter, a vibration sensor and a gyroscope, the punch has a mounting base, the drill bit, the upward reaming cutter disc and the downward reaming cutter disc can be detachably mounted on the mounting base, and the monitoring component is arranged in the mounting base;

[0065] (2) using an intelligent monitoring system to monitor the temperature, pressure, density, water flow and vibration of the punch in real time, the intelligent monitoring system comprising a processor, a signal receiving module and a signal sending module, the signal receiving module being connected to the signal sending module in the monitoring component, and the processor analyzing the monitoring data after receiving the monitoring data;

[0066] (3) analyzing whether the drilling rotation speed, descent speed, and drilling angle meet the established thresholds based on various monitoring data, and adjusting the above drilling parameters in real time according to the monitoring data;

[0067] (4) When the monitoring data deviates from the monitoring threshold by more than 10%, stop drilling and find the cause of the deviation.

[0068] The step (2) specifically comprises:

[0069] 1) The control system classifies the construction data according to the drilling depth and geological information, wherein the real-time position of the puncher and the geological information at the depth are the upper-level construction information, and the puncher continues to move down to the next drilling position and the geological information at this position are the lower-level construction information;

[0070] 2) The control system receives the monitoring data in real time as primary data, wherein the primary data received in real time includes the drilling rotation speed, the descending speed and the drilling angle;

[0071] 3) The primary data is processed in combination with the upper-level construction information. Specifically, the drilling speed and descent speed are combined with the rock hardness and drilling depth, and the drilling angle is processed according to the gyroscope data;

[0072] 4) The processed data is used as secondary data, and the secondary data is processed according to the lower-level construction information. Among them, the drilling rotation speed and descent speed in the secondary data are combined with the rock hardness and drilling depth, and the drilling angle is processed according to the gyroscope data.

[0073] The drilling speed and descent speed need to be coordinated with the drilling depth and rock hardness. When the rock hardness is level III, the setting values ​​of the drilling speed and descent speed are set to a 1 and a 2 When the rock hardness is level II, the setting values ​​of the drilling speed and the descending speed are set to b 1 and b 2When the rock hardness is level Ⅰ, the setting values ​​of drilling speed and descending speed are set to c 1 and c 2 .

[0074] According to the real-time hardness of the rock formation at the drilling position and the drilling progress after the puncher reaches the set rotation speed and descent speed during actual construction, adjust the set values ​​of the drilling rotation speed and descent speed.

[0075] Among them, adjusting the punching rate includes:

[0076] Analyze the temperature, pressure and vibration data in the monitoring data. When the temperature growth trend exceeds the pressure growth trend, it means that the drilling rate increases but the drilling efficiency decreases. Increase the drilling rate;

[0077] Analyze the pressure and vibration data in the monitoring data. When the growth trend of the vibration data exceeds the growth trend of the pressure, it means that the cutterhead has encountered a hard rock layer or is damaged. According to the geological information, analyze and take measures such as increasing the drilling rate or stopping drilling to check the cutterhead.

[0078] Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field and related fields without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. The structures, devices and operating methods not specifically described and explained in the present invention are implemented according to the conventional means in the field unless otherwise specified and limited.

Claims

1. An automated gravity raise boring machine, characterized in that: The drill rig comprises a drilling rig body (4), wherein the drilling rig body (4) comprises a drilling rig frame (41), a top stabilizing mechanism (43) is installed on the top of the drilling rig frame (41), a drilling rig rotating mechanism (42) is arranged inside the drilling rig frame (41), and a drilling rig drill rod (5) is connected to the drilling rig frame (41) via a rod grabbing manipulator (44); The drilling machine body (4) is equipped with a drilling machine drill rod (5), and a puncher is provided at the bottom of the drilling machine drill rod (5), and the puncher comprises a drill bit (6), an upward hole-expanding cutter disc (8) and a downward hole-expanding cutter disc (9), wherein the drill bit (6) opens a guide hole, the upward hole-expanding cutter disc (8) opens a slag discharge hole from bottom to top, and the downward hole-expanding cutter disc (9) expands the hole; The puncher is provided with a monitoring component, on which a variety of sensors are integrated, including temperature, density, water flow, pressure and vibration frequency sensors.

2. A large-diameter raise drilling method using the automated gravity raise drilling rig described in claim 1, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) Construct horizontal upper and lower channels, lay out the drilling platform at the drilling position of the upper channel and install the drilling rig body; The drill rod is mounted on the drilling rig body, a punch is mounted on the lower end of the drill rod, and sensors are mounted on the punch, including temperature, density, water flow and pressure sensors and vibration sensors; (2) Drilling a pilot hole: Install the punch on the drill rod and drill a small-diameter pilot hole from top to bottom at the drilling location according to the construction design plan; (3) Opening a slag discharge hole. When the puncher drills out to the lower channel, stop drilling and replace the upward reaming cutter disc. The upward reaming cutter disc expands the slag discharge hole from bottom to top; (4) Further expand the hole to the required size of the large-diameter skylight. After the upward expansion cutter head drills out from the top, replace the downward expansion cutter head and expand the hole from top to bottom to the diameter required by the designed skylight to form a vertical skylight.

3. The large-diameter skylight construction method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The upward reaming cutter disc (8) has a variety of sizes from small to large, which are selected according to the inner diameter of the reaming hole. The reaming surfaces of the drill bit (6), the upward reaming cutter disc (8) and the downward reaming cutter disc (9) are all conical structures.

4. The large-diameter patio construction method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The diameter of the lead hole is 260 mm-300 mm, the diameter of the slag discharge hole is 800 mm-1000 mm, and the diameter of the vertical shaft is 5 m-8 m.

5. A control system for an automated gravity-type raise boring machine, used to control the operation of the automated gravity-type raise boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: include: A monitoring component is arranged inside the puncher and at the hole, including temperature and pressure sensors, density and water flow measuring instruments, vibration sensors and gyroscopes to monitor the punching data; The control system receives the data from the monitoring components, analyzes the data and controls the puncher speed, descent speed and punching angle; The information receiving component is arranged in the control system and receives the data sent by the monitoring component.

6. The control system of the automated gravity raise boring machine according to claim 5, characterized in that: The punch has a mounting base, the drill bit, the upward reaming cutter disc and the downward reaming cutter disc can be detachably mounted on the mounting base respectively, and the monitoring component is arranged in the mounting base.

7. The control system of the automated gravity raise boring machine according to claim 5, characterized in that: The method for realizing intelligent control of the control system comprises the following steps: (1) installing a monitoring component inside the punch and at the hole opening, wherein the monitoring component includes a temperature and pressure sensor, a density and water flow meter, a vibration sensor and a gyroscope; (2) The control system receives the monitoring data and analyzes the data within the system; (3) analyzing whether the drilling rotation speed, descent speed, and drilling angle meet the established thresholds based on various monitoring data, and adjusting the above drilling parameters in real time according to the monitoring data; (4) When the monitoring data deviates from the monitoring threshold by more than 10%, stop drilling and find the cause of the deviation.

8. The control system of the automated gravity raise boring machine according to claim 7, characterized in that: The step (2) specifically comprises: 1) The control system classifies the construction data according to the drilling depth and geological information, wherein the real-time position of the puncher and the geological information at the depth are the upper-level construction information, and the geological information when the puncher moves down to the designated position and at the designated position are the lower-level construction information; 2) The control system receives the monitoring data in real time as primary data, wherein the primary data received in real time includes the drilling rotation speed, the descending speed and the drilling angle; 3) The primary data is processed in combination with the upper-level construction information. Specifically, the drilling speed and descent speed are combined with the rock hardness and drilling depth, and the drilling angle is processed according to the gyroscope data; 4) The processed data is used as secondary data, and the secondary data is processed according to the lower-level construction information. Among them, the drilling rotation speed and descent speed in the secondary data are combined with the rock hardness and drilling depth, and the drilling angle is processed according to the gyroscope data.

9. The control system of the automated gravity raise boring machine according to claim 7, characterized in that: The step (3) specifically comprises: Analyze the temperature, pressure and vibration data in the monitoring data, and adjust the drilling rate when the temperature growth trend exceeds the pressure growth trend; Analyze the pressure and vibration data in the monitoring data, and adjust the drilling rate when the growth trend of the vibration data exceeds the growth trend of the pressure.

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