Automatic measuring machine for dynamic rotation of shaft parts

Abstract

The invention relates to a shaft part rotation dynamic automatic measuring machine, which comprises a workbench, and a driving tool which is connected to the workbench and is used for supporting a workpiece from the bottom of the workpiece and driving the workpiece to rotate; the outer surface measuring tool is used for measuring outer surface data of the workpiece; the taper hole measuring tool comprises a measuring cylinder axially moving along the axis of the workpiece, an elastically telescopic connecting rod is connected in the measuring cylinder, and the connecting rod can float in the vertical direction; the stepped hole measuring tool comprises a detection shaft axially moving along the axis of the workpiece, a detection head for measuring the length of the stepped hole is connected to the end face of the detection shaft, and detection rods which are centrosymmetric along the axis of the stepped hole are arranged on the outer surface of the detection shaft in an extending mode and used for measuring the inner diameter size of the stepped hole of the workpiece. The device is compact and reasonable in structure, is convenient to operate, and remarkably improves the measurement efficiency and precision of different-diameter shaft workpieces through integrated automatic detection, a bottom transmission driving device, taper detection and stepped hole detection.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of detection technology, in particular to an automatic dynamic measuring machine for rotating shaft parts. Background Art

[0002] As key components in mechanical transmission structures, shafts with different diameters are widely used in automotive gearboxes, industrial transmission systems and other fields. Such workpieces usually have complex structural features, including shaft segments with different diameters, stepped holes, tapered holes, etc., which put forward extremely high requirements on measurement accuracy and efficiency. However, traditional measurement methods have many technical difficulties and limitations when facing shafts with different diameters.

[0003] Traditional manual measurement methods are inefficient, and their accuracy fluctuates greatly due to the experience of workers. Workers need to measure each part of the workpiece one by one, which is not only time-consuming and laborious, but also difficult to ensure the accuracy and consistency of the measurement results. This measurement method cannot meet the needs of modern manufacturing for efficient and accurate measurement.

[0004] Although three-coordinate measurement has improved measurement efficiency to a certain extent, it is difficult to operate and requires high skills from workers. At the same time, different points in three-coordinate measurement may lead to significant differences in measurement results, further affecting measurement accuracy. In addition, three-coordinate measurement equipment is expensive, and its application threshold is high for small and medium-sized enterprises.

[0005] In addition, the existing measurement method that relies on manual and tooling also has many problems. Frequent tooling changes are required for measurements at different locations, which not only increases the complexity of the measurement process, but may also lead to a decrease in positioning accuracy, thus affecting the measurement results. At the same time, this measurement method still relies on manual operation for locations that are difficult to measure, further reducing measurement efficiency and accuracy.

[0006] In particular, when driving the workpiece to rotate for measurement, traditional tooling often supports the workpiece from the bottom and applies a rotational driving force from the top. However, since the workpiece surface is smooth and may be coated with oil, this driving method is prone to slippage. In order to avoid slippage, a large force needs to be applied, but when the outer diameter of the workpiece is irregular, it may jump, which may damage the workpiece or the inspection equipment.

[0007] In addition, when measuring stepped holes and tapered holes, it is difficult for traditional measuring heads to measure accurately due to the small aperture and limited space. At the same time, when the workpiece diameter deviates, it is difficult for the center of the measuring head to maintain coaxiality with the axis of the tapered hole, resulting in measurement errors. These problems seriously restrict the accuracy and efficiency of measuring workpieces such as different diameter shafts.

[0008] In summary, in order to meet the measurement needs of different-diameter shaft workpieces, a technical solution is urgently needed that can efficiently and accurately measure the various dimensional features of the workpiece. Summary of the invention

[0009] In view of the shortcomings of the above-mentioned existing production technology, the applicant provides a dynamic automatic rotation measuring machine for shaft parts, which significantly improves the efficiency and accuracy of measuring different-diameter shaft workpieces through integrated automatic detection, bottom transmission drive device, taper detection and stepped hole detection.

[0010] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0011] A shaft-type parts rotation dynamic automatic measuring machine is used for automatic measurement of the surface and inner cavity of shaft workpieces with different diameters, comprising a workbench and connected to the workbench:

[0012] A driving tool, comprising two synchronously driven driving roller groups, wherein two synchronously rotating driving rollers are arranged in the driving roller groups, and the two driving roller groups support the workpiece from the bottom of the workpiece and drive the workpiece to rotate;

[0013] External surface measuring tools are distributed around the workpiece and measure the external surface data of the workpiece through multiple retractable measuring heads;

[0014] The taper hole measuring tool comprises a measuring cylinder that moves axially along the axis of a workpiece, an elastically retractable connecting rod is connected inside the measuring cylinder, a first ball head is connected to the side of the connecting rod close to the taper hole of the workpiece, and the connecting rod can float in the vertical direction, the other end of the connecting rod abuts against a second ball head, and a first displacement sensor for detecting the displacement of the second ball head is also arranged on the taper hole measuring tool;

[0015] The step hole measuring tool comprises a detection shaft which moves axially along the axis of the workpiece, a detection head for measuring the length of the step hole is connected to the end face of the detection shaft, and a detection rod symmetrical along the axis of the step hole is extended on the outer surface of the detection shaft for measuring the inner diameter of the step hole of the workpiece.

[0016] Furthermore, the workpiece is a shaft structure, and the workpiece is composed of shaft segments of different diameters, and stepped holes and tapered holes are respectively opened axially at both ends of the workpiece, and a connecting plate is also sleeved on the end face of the workpiece close to the stepped hole.

[0017] Furthermore, two groups of driven rollers are provided at the upper end of the workpiece for positioning the workpiece;

[0018] The two driving roller groups are respectively connected to corresponding mounting seats, and the corresponding mounting seats are also connected to active rotating wheels corresponding to the driving roller groups. The active rotating wheels and the driving rollers are driven by belts. The axis of the active rotating wheels is plugged with a driving shaft, and the axes of the driving shafts on the two mounting seats are opposite to each other and are magnetically connected through a magnetic turntable. One of the driving shafts is also connected to a driving motor through a transmission assembly.

[0019] Furthermore, the two groups of driving roller assemblies are located on shaft segments of different diameters of the workpiece, and the smaller the diameter of the shaft segment, the larger the corresponding driving roller size, ensuring that the axis of the workpiece is parallel to the workbench surface.

[0020] Furthermore, the driving tooling also includes two groups of driven rollers for pressing the workpiece, the driven rollers are lifted and lowered by a lifting drive, the position of each group of driven rollers corresponds to the position of the driving roller, and the distance between the two driven rollers in the same group is less than the diameter of the corresponding shaft segment.

[0021] Furthermore, the end of the other driving shaft is also connected to a special-shaped turntable, and a photoelectric sensor is arranged on one side of the special-shaped turntable to monitor the rotation rate of the corresponding driving shaft.

[0022] Furthermore, a sliding sleeve is sleeved on the outer wall of the measuring cylinder, a latch is connected to the inner wall of the sliding sleeve, and the latch is slidably connected in a strip groove opened on the outer wall of the measuring cylinder, and a compression spring is arranged in the measuring cylinder to drive the latch and the second ball head to be in a conflicting state, and the first displacement sensor can measure the displacement of the sliding sleeve.

[0023] Furthermore, the detection rod is L-shaped and hinged on the detection shaft at the inflection point. A section of the detection rod located in the stepped hole contacts the inner wall of the stepped hole through a spring, and a section of the detection hole located outside the stepped hole is connected to a second displacement sensor.

[0024] Furthermore, the tapered hole measuring tool and the stepped hole measuring tool are both provided with a sliding seat, the sliding seat is driven by a telescopic structure, and a limit sensor for limiting the sliding seat is connected to the workbench.

[0025] Furthermore, a retractable pressure wheel shaft is connected to the sliding seat of the stepped hole measuring tool, and a pressure wheel capable of contacting the workpiece is connected to one end of the pressure wheel shaft close to the workpiece for positioning the shaft end of the workpiece.

[0026] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0027] The present invention has a compact and reasonable structure and is easy to operate. It significantly improves the efficiency and accuracy of measuring different-diameter shaft workpieces through integrated automatic detection, bottom transmission drive device, taper detection and stepped hole detection. Integrated automatic detection avoids the error accumulation problem in traditional assembly measurement and improves the overall accuracy and reliability of measurement; the bottom transmission method reduces slippage and vibration and ensures the stability of measurement; taper detection and stepped hole detection use high-precision measurement technology and intelligent control systems to achieve accurate measurement of complex aperture structures. The organic combination of these designs makes the measuring machine of this embodiment have significant advantages and application prospects in the field of measuring different-diameter shaft workpieces.

[0028] At the same time, the present invention also has the following advantages:

[0029] This embodiment realizes the integrated automatic detection of different diameter shaft workpieces by integrating multiple high-precision measurement technologies and intelligent control systems. This design significantly improves the measurement efficiency and accuracy, and avoids the error accumulation problem caused by multiple positioning and centering in traditional assembly measurement. At the same time, the integrated design also simplifies the measurement process, reduces manual intervention, and makes the measurement process faster and more convenient.

[0030] The bottom drive method is used to drive the workpiece to rotate, avoiding the slippage caused by the smooth surface or oily layer of the workpiece in the traditional top drive method. At the same time, the two drive shafts are connected by a magnetic turntable to achieve synchronous rotation and maintain stable drive when the shaft section is irregular, avoiding damage to the device. In addition, the bottom drive method also reduces additional torque and vibration, and improves the stability and accuracy of measurement.

[0031] The taper hole measurement tool solves the measurement error problem caused by small hole diameter and limited space in traditional measurement through floating connecting rod and indirect measurement technology. The floating connecting rod can be adaptively adjusted to adapt to workpieces with different concentricities, while the indirect measurement method indirectly obtains the taper hole size by measuring the displacement of the sliding sleeve, which improves the measurement accuracy and stability.

[0032] The step hole measurement tooling realizes accurate measurement of the inner diameter of the step hole through the design of combining an L-shaped probe rod and a second displacement sensor. The probe rod can transfer the measurement point from the inside of the step hole to the outside, widening the measurement space. At the same time, the second displacement sensor can accurately capture the tiny swing of the probe rod and calculate the inner diameter of the step hole through the data processing module. In addition, the layout and number of multiple probe rods can be flexibly adjusted according to the step hole structure, further improving the accuracy and reliability of the measurement. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 It is a stereogram of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 2 It is the front view of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 3 for Figure 2 sectional view of .

[0036] Figure 4 for Figure 2 Cross-sectional view of section AA.

[0037] Figure 5 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the driving tool in the present invention.

[0038] Figure 6 This is a stereoscopic diagram from another perspective of the driving tooling in the present invention.

[0039] Figure 7 It is a stereoscopic diagram of the tapered hole measuring tool in the present invention.

[0040] Figure 8 It is a cross-sectional view of the tapered hole measuring tool in the present invention.

[0041] Fig. 9 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the step hole measuring tool in the present invention.

[0042] Fig.10 It is a cross-sectional view of the step hole measuring tool in the present invention.

[0043] Fig.11 for Figure 4 A partial enlarged view of part B in the middle.

[0044] Fig.12 It is a schematic diagram of the tapered hole measuring tool in the present invention when in working state.

[0045] in:

[0046] 100. Workbench;

[0047] 200, driving tool; 201, driving roller group; 202, driving roller; 203, driven roller group; 204, mounting seat; 205, driving wheel; 206, belt; 207, driving shaft; 208, magnetic turntable; 209, transmission assembly; 210, driving motor; 211, driven roller; 212, lifting drive; 213, special-shaped turntable; 214, photoelectric sensor;

[0048] 300. External surface measuring tool; 301. Measuring head;

[0049] 400, workpiece;

[0050] 500, stepped hole measuring tool; 501, detection shaft; 502, detection head; 503, detection rod; 504, spring; 505, second displacement sensor; 506, first sliding seat; 507, first telescopic structure; 508, first limit sensor; 509, pressure wheel shaft; 510, pressure wheel;

[0051] 600, a taper hole measuring tool; 601, a measuring tube; 602, a connecting rod; 603, a first ball head; 604, a second ball head; 605, a sliding sleeve; 606, a latch; 607, a strip groove; 608, a compression spring; 609, a first displacement sensor; 610, a second sliding seat; 611, a second telescopic structure; 612, a second limit sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] The specific implementation of the present invention will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0053] like Figure 1-Figure 11 As shown, in this embodiment, a rotary dynamic automatic measuring machine for shaft parts is disclosed, which is intended to solve the difficult problems in measuring different-diameter shaft workpieces and improve the measurement efficiency and accuracy. This measuring machine not only integrates a variety of high-precision measurement technologies, but also realizes comprehensive, fast and accurate measurement of different-diameter shaft workpieces 400 through intelligent control and data processing. The measuring machine mainly includes a workbench 100, a drive fixture 200, an outer surface measurement fixture 300, a taper hole measurement fixture 600 and a stepped hole measurement fixture 500. These components cooperate with each other through precise mechanical structures and advanced sensor technologies to form a complete and efficient measurement system, which can automatically complete the measurement of various dimensions and shape parameters of different-diameter shaft workpieces 400. In addition, the measuring machine is also equipped with an advanced software system for data collection, processing and analysis, as well as the output and report generation of measurement results, which further improves the efficiency and accuracy of measurement. Through this system, users can easily obtain detailed dimensional reports of workpiece 400, including the length, outer diameter, horizontality of each shaft segment, step groove size between different shaft segments, runout range, and dimensions of tapered holes and stepped holes, etc., providing strong data support for subsequent processing and quality control.

[0054] The workpiece 400 in this embodiment is a shaft structure, which is composed of shaft segments of different diameters. This design makes the workpiece 400 functionally diverse and complex. At the same time, stepped holes and tapered holes are respectively opened in the axial direction at both ends of the workpiece 400. The existence of these holes puts higher requirements on the measurement of the workpiece. In order to meet these measurement requirements, this measuring machine is designed specifically. In addition, a connecting plate is also sleeved on the end face of the workpiece 400 close to the stepped hole. This design not only facilitates the installation and positioning of the workpiece, but also provides convenience for subsequent measurement.

[0055] In another embodiment, the gears provided on the connecting plate cooperate with the driving mechanism in the driving fixture to realize gear transmission. This design not only simplifies the structure of the driving fixture, but also improves the stability and efficiency of the transmission. Through the gear transmission, the driving fixture can easily drive the workpiece 400 to rotate without setting additional driving power. This design not only reduces the cost of the measuring machine, but also improves the reliability and accuracy of the measurement.

[0056] like Figure 1-Figure 6 As shown, the driving fixture 200 in this embodiment is the core part of the measuring machine, which is responsible for driving the workpiece 400 to rotate and providing the necessary motion conditions for subsequent measurements. The driving fixture 200 includes two synchronously driven driving roller groups 201, each of which is provided with two synchronously rotating driving rollers 202. The two driving roller groups 201 support the workpiece from the bottom of the workpiece 400 and drive the workpiece to rotate by friction. This design not only ensures the stability of the workpiece during rotation, but also avoids deformation or damage of the workpiece caused by excessive pressure. The synchronous drive of the driving roller group 201 is realized by a precise transmission mechanism, which ensures the synchronization of the two driving rollers 202 during rotation.

[0057] In order to ensure the stability of the workpiece during rotation, the driving fixture 200 is also provided with two groups of driven roller groups 203 for positioning. The two groups of driven roller groups 203 are respectively located on both sides above the workpiece 400, and provide additional support and positioning for the workpiece by contacting the surface of the workpiece. The distance between the two driven rollers 211 in the same group is less than the diameter of the corresponding shaft section. This design not only improves the stability of the workpiece during rotation, but also avoids measurement errors caused by the shaking of the workpiece. The material and structural design of the driven roller group 203 have also been carefully considered to ensure good contact and support effect with the workpiece 400. At the same time, the driven roller group 203 is also equipped with an adjustment mechanism, which can be adjusted according to the specific size and shape of the workpiece 400 to meet the measurement requirements of different workpieces.

[0058] Different from the prior art method of driving from the upper end of the workpiece 400, in this embodiment, the workpiece 400 is brought into contact with the driving roller set 201 under the action of gravity and pressure, thereby improving the connection effect. At the same time, driving is performed at the lower end to avoid excessive pressure, thereby achieving the driving effect. This design not only simplifies the structure of the driving fixture, but also reduces the clamping requirements for the workpiece 400, making the measurement process more flexible and efficient. The lower end driving method also enables the driving fixture 200 to better adapt to workpieces 400 of different shapes and sizes. By adjusting the position and angle of the driving roller set 201, the driving and measurement of different workpieces can be easily achieved. At the same time, the lower end driving method also avoids the additional torque and vibration generated by the upper end driving, further improving the accuracy and stability of the measurement.

[0059] Each driven roller group 203 includes two driven rollers 211 for pressing the workpiece, and the lifting and lowering are achieved by the lifting drive 212. This design further ensures the stability of the workpiece during the rotation process and avoids the measurement error caused by the workpiece jumping. The lifting drive 212 can be adjusted according to the specific size and shape of the workpiece 400 to ensure good contact and pressing effect between the driven roller 211 and the workpiece. The pressing effect of the driven roller 211 not only improves the stability of the workpiece during the rotation process, but also ensures good contact and measurement accuracy between the measuring head and the workpiece. At the same time, the flexibility of the lifting drive 212 also enables the measuring machine to adapt to workpieces 400 of different heights and shapes, further expanding the application range of the measuring machine. In addition, the driven roller 211 and the lifting drive 212 are also equipped with sensors and control systems to achieve precise control of the pressing force and lifting height, further improving the accuracy and reliability of the measurement.

[0060] Specifically, the driving roller set 201 in this embodiment is fixed on the workbench 100 through the mounting seat 204, and the mounting seat 204 is also connected to the driving rotating wheel 205, and the driving rotating wheel 205 is connected to the driving roller 202 through the belt 206. This design not only realizes the stable installation and transmission of the driving roller set 201, but also ensures the good contact and driving effect between the driving roller 202 and the workpiece 400.

[0061] The axis of the active rotating wheel 205 is plugged with a driving shaft 207, the axis of the two driving shafts 207 are opposite, and the opposite ends of the two driving shafts 207 are connected with a magnetic turntable 208. This design not only realizes the synchronous drive of the two driving roller groups 201, but also avoids the problems that may be caused by the rigid connection through the magnetic connection of the magnetic turntable 208. When the two driving roller groups 201 are respectively located on the shaft segments of different diameters of the workpiece 400, if one of the shaft segments is irregular (the outer diameter roundness is not enough), the shaft segment will jump after being connected to the driving roller group 201, so that the rotation speeds of the two driving shafts 207 are inconsistent. At this time, through the magnetic connection, the device can be avoided from being damaged, and the measurement can be continued. The magnetic connection mode of the magnetic turntable 208 not only simplifies the structure of the driving tooling, but also improves the flexibility and reliability of the transmission. By adjusting the magnetic force and position of the magnetic turntable 208, the synchronous drive and speed regulation of the two driving roller groups 201 can be easily achieved. At the same time, the magnetic turntable 208 is also equipped with a sensor and a control system to achieve real-time monitoring and control of the rotation rate of the drive shaft 207, further improving the accuracy and stability of the measurement.

[0062] The two sets of driving rollers 201 are located on the shaft sections of the workpiece 400 with different diameters, and the smaller the diameter of the shaft section, the larger the size of the corresponding driving roller 202. This design ensures that the axis of the workpiece 400 is parallel to the workbench surface, providing an accurate basis for subsequent measurements. By matching the size of the driving roller 202 with the diameter of the corresponding shaft section of the workpiece 400, the axis of the workpiece 400 can always be parallel to the surface of the workbench 100, which is the key to achieving integrated measurement.

[0063] In this embodiment, the driving roller 202 can also be disassembled to facilitate matching workpieces 400 with different diameter combinations. This design greatly improves the flexibility and adaptability of measurement. In practical applications, the diameter combinations of the workpiece 400 may be varied, and traditional fixed rollers are often difficult to meet all measurement requirements. However, this embodiment adopts a detachable driving roller 202, so that the measuring equipment can quickly adapt to workpieces of different diameters without replacing the entire equipment or making complex adjustments, thereby greatly improving the measurement efficiency and accuracy. In addition, the disassembly design of the driving roller 202 is also convenient for maintenance and replacement. When the roller is worn or damaged due to long-term use, it can be easily removed and replaced without overhauling the entire measuring system, which not only reduces maintenance costs, but also extends the overall service life of the equipment. At the same time, the detachable driving roller 202 also helps to realize the modular design of the measuring equipment, making the equipment easier to transport and store, and providing convenience for on-site measurement and remote operations.

[0064] By matching the size of the driving roller 202 with the diameter of the corresponding shaft section of the workpiece 400, the axis of the workpiece 400 can always be parallel to the surface of the workbench 100, which is the key to ensure the accuracy of the subsequent step hole and tapered hole measurement. In the actual measurement process, if the axis of the workpiece 400 is not parallel to the surface of the workbench 100, the contact point between the measuring head 301 and the workpiece 400 will be offset, thereby affecting the accuracy of the measurement result. Maintaining the parallelism between the axis of the workpiece 400 and the surface of the workbench 100 can also effectively avoid errors caused by the shaking or offset of the workpiece during the measurement process. When the workpiece 400 is stably placed on the workbench 100 and its axis is parallel to the surface of the workbench, the measuring head 301 can more accurately locate each measuring point of the workpiece 400, thereby improving the repeatability and reliability of the measurement. In addition, this parallelism also helps to reduce friction during the measurement process, reduce wear on the measuring equipment and the workpiece 400, and further extend the service life of the equipment.

[0065] Providing basic guarantee for the subsequent measurement of stepped holes and tapered holes is also the purpose of integrated measurement. Integrated measurement can not only improve measurement efficiency, but also ensure data coherence and consistency between various measurement links. During driving, the measuring head 301 on the outer surface measuring tool 300 can not only measure the dimensions of various parts of the workpiece 400, such as diameter, length, etc., but also judge the state of the workpiece 400, especially the horizontality. The judgment of horizontality is crucial for subsequent processing and assembly, because the horizontality of the workpiece 400 directly affects its matching accuracy and overall performance with other components. Through integrated measurement, dimension measurement and horizontality judgment can be completed simultaneously on the same device, avoiding errors caused by multiple clamping and positioning, and improving the overall measurement accuracy. In addition, integrated measurement can also realize real-time transmission and processing of data, providing timely and accurate measurement data support for subsequent processing and assembly.

[0066] However, there are many deficiencies in the existing technology when measuring with separate tools. First, after measuring the surface dimensions, it is necessary to re-position and center when measuring the tapered hole and the stepped hole, which not only increases the measurement time, but also may cause errors due to inaccurate positioning. Secondly, if the outer diameter and the stepped hole and the tapered hole are slightly out of center, it is difficult to judge in the traditional measurement method, because the accumulation of errors between different measuring tools may lead to a decrease in the overall measurement accuracy. There are also problems such as high equipment cost and large floor space in the separate tool measurement. Since multiple devices are required to complete different measurement tasks respectively, the equipment cost is relatively high, and each device needs to occupy a certain space, which is undoubtedly a huge challenge for the measurement environment with limited space. In contrast, the integrated measurement method in this embodiment only requires one device to complete all measurement tasks, which not only reduces the equipment cost, but also saves space and improves the flexibility and convenience of measurement.

[0067] At the same time, the end of the other drive shaft 207 is also connected to a special-shaped turntable 213, and a photoelectric sensor 214 is provided on one side of the special-shaped turntable 213 to monitor the rotation rate of the corresponding drive shaft 207, specifically to determine whether the corresponding drive shaft 207 rotates, and whether the rotation rate of the corresponding drive shaft 207 is the same as that of the drive motor 210. The drive motor 210 in this embodiment is a servo motor, which can accurately control and output the rotation rate. The design of the special-shaped turntable 213 makes it easier for the photoelectric sensor 214 to detect the rotation of the drive shaft 207. By monitoring the rotation rate and position change of the special-shaped turntable 213, the photoelectric sensor 214 can obtain the rotation state of the drive shaft 207 in real time and compare it with the rotation rate of the drive motor 210. If there is a difference between the two, it means that at least one of the two shaft segments corresponding to the workpiece 400 has a poor outer diameter roundness. This design not only improves the accuracy of the measurement, but also can promptly discover and handle abnormal conditions during the measurement process, avoiding measurement errors caused by equipment failure or workpiece defects. At the same time, the application of the servo motor also provides higher precision and stability for the measurement. It can accurately control the rotation rate and position of the drive shaft 207 according to the set parameters, thereby ensuring the accuracy and repeatability of the measurement.

[0068] like Figure 1-Figure 4As shown, the outer surface measuring tool 300 in this embodiment is distributed around the workpiece 400, and the outer surface data of the workpiece is measured by a plurality of retractable measuring heads 301. This design makes the measurement more comprehensive and accurate, can cover all parts of the workpiece 400, and avoids errors caused by insufficient measuring points. The telescopic design of the measuring head 301 also makes the measurement more flexible and convenient. In the actual measurement process, the telescopic amount of the measuring head 301 can be adjusted according to the specific shape and size of the workpiece 400, so as to ensure that the contact point between the measuring head 301 and the workpiece 400 is always kept in the best position. This not only improves the accuracy of the measurement, but also avoids errors caused by interference between the measuring head 301 and the workpiece 400. At the same time, the simultaneous operation of multiple measuring heads 301 also greatly improves the measurement efficiency and shortens the measurement time.

[0069] The measured data include the length, outer diameter, levelness, step groove size between different shaft segments, and runout range of each shaft segment, which are crucial for comprehensively evaluating the quality and performance of the workpiece 400. By measuring the length and outer diameter of each shaft segment, the overall size and shape of the workpiece 400 can be understood; the levelness measurement is used to determine whether the workpiece 400 meets specific processing and assembly requirements; the step groove size between different shaft segments is crucial to ensure the matching accuracy of the workpiece 400 with other components; and the runout range measurement can reflect the stability and balance of the workpiece 400 during the rotation process.

[0070] like Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the tapered hole measuring tool 600 in this embodiment is used to measure the size of the tapered hole on the workpiece 400. It includes a measuring cylinder 601 that moves axially along the axis of the workpiece, and a connecting rod 602 that is connected to the measuring cylinder 601 and can be elastically retracted. This design enables the measuring cylinder 601 to penetrate into the interior of the tapered hole for measurement, while the elastic retractable function of the connecting rod 602 ensures that the measuring head (i.e., the first ball head 603) can be in close contact with the inner wall of the tapered hole, thereby improving the accuracy of the measurement. The axial movement design of the measuring cylinder 601 also makes the measurement more flexible and convenient. In the actual measurement process, the position and retractable amount of the measuring cylinder 601 can be adjusted according to the specific position and depth of the tapered hole, thereby ensuring that the measuring head can accurately locate each measuring point of the tapered hole. At the same time, the elastic retractable function of the connecting rod 602 also avoids the error caused by the interference between the measuring head and the inner wall of the tapered hole, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of the measurement.

[0071] The first ball head 603 is connected to the side of the connecting rod 602 close to the tapered hole of the workpiece, which can be inserted into the deepest part of the tapered hole to ensure the comprehensiveness of the measurement. The other end of the connecting rod 602 is in contact with the second ball head 604, and the tapered hole measuring tool 600 is also provided with a photoelectric sensor 609 for detecting the displacement of the second ball head 604. The design of the first ball head 603 enables the measuring head to better adapt to the shape and size changes of the tapered hole. Since the inner wall of the tapered hole is usually conical or arc-shaped, it is difficult for the traditional straight measuring head to be in close contact with it. The first ball head 603 can automatically adjust its contact point as the shape of the tapered hole changes, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the measurement. At the same time, the coordinated use of the second ball head 604 and the photoelectric sensor 609 also realizes the accurate measurement of the displacement of the connecting rod 602. When the first ball head 603 contacts the tapered hole and drives the connecting rod 602 to move, the second ball head 604 will also move accordingly, and the displacement will be converted into an electrical signal for transmission and processing through the photoelectric sensor 609. This design not only improves the measurement accuracy and stability, but also realizes the automation and intelligence of the measurement.

[0072] Specifically, a sliding sleeve 605 is sleeved on the outer wall of the measuring cylinder 601. The sliding sleeve 605 not only serves as a transmission medium for displacement, but also ensures smooth and accurate sliding through the precision processing of its inner and outer surfaces. The sliding sleeve 605 is slidably connected with the strip groove 607 on the measuring cylinder 601 through the latch 606. This design allows the sliding sleeve 605 to move freely along the axial direction of the measuring cylinder 601 under the constraint of the strip groove 607. At the same time, the cooperation between the latch 606 and the strip groove 607 also plays a role of limiting and guiding, ensuring the linearity of the measurement.

[0073] A compression spring 608 is provided in the measuring cylinder 601. The spring not only provides the necessary preload force for the measuring system, but also absorbs and buffers the small vibrations during the measurement process through its elastic deformation, thereby improving the stability of the measurement. One end of the compression spring 608 is connected to the inner wall of the measuring cylinder 601, and the other end is connected to the latch 606. This connection method ensures the direct transmission of the spring force, so that the latch 606 can be tightly against the second ball head 604, thereby realizing the precise control of the position of the connecting rod 602.

[0074] In this embodiment, there is a certain gap between the measuring cylinder 601 and the connecting rod 602. This design takes into account the concentricity deviation of the workpiece 400 during processing, so that the connecting rod 602 can be slightly adjusted in the vertical direction to adapt to workpieces 400 with different concentricities, thereby improving the versatility and flexibility of measurement. This floating design not only reduces the measurement error caused by the rigid contact between the workpiece 400 and the measuring device, but also improves the accuracy of measurement through adaptive adjustment. The size of the gap is accurately calculated to ensure that the connecting rod 602 has enough floating space to adapt to the concentricity deviation of the workpiece 400, and to avoid shaking and instability during the measurement process caused by too large a gap. In addition, in order to further improve the stability of the measurement, the gap between the measuring cylinder 601 and the connecting rod 602 is filled with high-performance damping materials, such as silica gel or polyurethane foam, to absorb and slow down the impact and vibration during the floating process.

[0075] When the first ball head 603 contacts the tapered hole, it will drive the connecting rod 602 and the second ball head 604 to move together. During this process, the first displacement sensor 609 indirectly measures the size of the tapered hole by measuring the displacement of the sliding sleeve 605. By transferring the measuring point to the sliding sleeve 605, that is, the rear side of the measuring device, not only the space limitation and interference of the measuring tool that may be encountered when directly measuring the internal size of the tapered hole are avoided, but also the accuracy and reliability of the observation are improved by increasing the observation area. The first displacement sensor 609 adopts high-precision laser ranging technology, which can measure the tiny displacement of the sliding sleeve 605 in real time and accurately, and convert it into an electrical signal for subsequent processing. At the same time, in order to further improve the accuracy of the measurement, a temperature compensation module is also integrated in the system to eliminate the measurement error caused by changes in ambient temperature. In addition, the entire measurement process is automated and digitized, which greatly improves the measurement efficiency and accuracy.

[0076] This design not only solves the measurement error problem caused by small aperture and limited measurement space in traditional measurement, but also significantly improves the accuracy and stability of tapered hole measurement through the combination of floating connecting rod 602 and indirect measurement technology, providing strong support for precision manufacturing and quality control.

[0077] like Fig.12 As shown, when the axis of the workpiece 400 is not concentric with the axis of the connecting rod 602, this embodiment effectively absorbs the concentricity deviation through the floating design of the connecting rod 602, so that the measurement can still be carried out and maintain a high accuracy.

[0078] In this embodiment, there is a height error of 0.5mm between the axis of the workpiece 400 and the axis of the connecting rod 602. At this time, when the connecting rod 602 is in contact with the tapered hole of the workpiece 400 at an angle parallel to the workpiece 400 for measurement, the error is 0.859mm, which exceeds the measurement error range. In this embodiment, the connecting rod 602 that can float in the vertical direction is used. At this time, after the connecting rod 602 contacts the workpiece 400, a deflection of 0.35° occurs. At this time, by calculating 1*cos(0.35°)=0.99998.

[0079] At the same time, the actual measurement result = Sqrt(80^2-0.05^2) = 79.99998437, and the error is only 0.02um, which is completely within the measurement error range.

[0080] like Figure 9-11 As shown, the step hole measuring tool 500 in this embodiment is used to measure the size of the step hole on the workpiece 400. It includes a detection shaft 501 that moves axially along the axis of the workpiece, and a detection head 502 for measuring the length of the step hole is connected to the end surface of the detection shaft 501. A detection rod 503 symmetrically along the axis of the step hole is extended on the outer surface of the detection shaft 501, which is used to measure the inner diameter size of the step hole.

[0081] Specifically, the detection rod 503 in this embodiment is L-shaped, and the inflection point of the detection rod 503 is hinged on the detection shaft 501. A section of the detection rod 503 located in the stepped hole is in contact with the inner wall of the stepped hole, and the other section of the detection rod 503 is connected to the second displacement sensor 505. At the same time, a section of the side wall of the detection rod 503 located outside the stepped hole is connected to the first sliding seat 506 through a spring 504. The spring 504 can provide a pre-tightening force that drives the detection rod 503 to contact the inner wall of the stepped hole, thereby improving the measurement accuracy.

[0082] In this embodiment, due to the limited measuring space, especially when the depth of the stepped hole is large or the internal structure is complex, it becomes extremely difficult to directly measure the inner diameter of the stepped hole. Therefore, through the ingenious design of the detection rod 503, the measuring point is transferred from the inside of the stepped hole to the outside, which greatly broadens the operable space for measurement. As the core component of the measurement, the high precision and stability of the second displacement sensor 505 are the key to ensuring the accuracy of the measurement results. It can not only accurately capture the tiny swing of the detection rod 503 caused by the change in the inner diameter of the stepped hole, but also convert this swing into an electrical signal in real time, providing a reliable basis for subsequent data processing and analysis.

[0083] The air cavity and the inflation port provided in the second displacement sensor 505 not only provide additional flexibility for the measurement process, but also effectively protect the stepped hole and the detection rod 503. Before the measurement, a proper amount of gas is filled into the air cavity through the inflation port, so that the detection rod 503 can be gently separated from the wall of the stepped hole under the action of the spring 504, thereby avoiding any damage to the stepped hole when the detection shaft 501 is inserted. In addition, the adjustment of the inflation amount is also very flexible, and can be precisely controlled according to the specific size of the stepped hole and the measurement requirements. When it is necessary to measure stepped holes of different diameters, it is only necessary to adjust the inflation amount appropriately so that the detection rod 503 can maintain an appropriate contact pressure with the wall of the stepped hole, which will neither damage the hole wall due to excessive pressure nor affect the measurement accuracy due to too little pressure.

[0084] When the detection shaft 501 moves axially along the axis of the workpiece driven by the driving mechanism, the detection rod 503 will swing as the inner diameter of the stepped hole changes. This swing not only reflects the actual situation of the inner diameter of the stepped hole, but also provides rich measurement information for the second displacement sensor 505. By accurately measuring the swing amount of the detection rod 503 and combining it with the moving distance of the detection shaft 501, the inner diameter of the stepped hole can be indirectly calculated.

[0085] In view of the measurement requirements of stepped holes with different inner diameters, this embodiment also proposes a solution of installing multiple detection rods 503 at corresponding positions of the detection shaft 501. This design not only improves the accuracy and reliability of the measurement, but also further eliminates the errors and uncertainties that may be caused by a single measurement point through data fusion of multiple measurement points. The layout and number of multiple detection rods 503 can be flexibly adjusted according to the specific structure and measurement requirements of the stepped hole. For example, for stepped holes with large changes in inner diameter, more and denser detection rods 503 can be set on the detection shaft 501 to obtain more comprehensive measurement information. At the same time, each detection rod 503 can be equipped with an independent second displacement sensor 505 and a data processing module to achieve parallel measurement and data processing, further improving measurement efficiency and accuracy.

[0086] In summary, this design combining the detection rod 503 and the second displacement sensor 505 not only realizes the accurate measurement of the inner diameter of the stepped hole, but also solves the measurement difficulties caused by the complex aperture and limited measurement space in traditional measurement.

[0087] The above description is an explanation of the present invention, not a limitation of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined in the claims. Any form of modification may be made within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A shaft parts rotation dynamic automatic measuring machine, used for automatic measurement of the surface and inner cavity of different diameter shaft workpieces, characterized in that: It includes a workbench and the following items connected to the workbench: A driving tool, comprising two synchronously driven driving roller groups, wherein two synchronously rotating driving rollers are arranged in the driving roller groups, and the two driving roller groups support the workpiece from the bottom of the workpiece and drive the workpiece to rotate; External surface measuring tools are distributed around the workpiece and measure the external surface data of the workpiece through multiple retractable measuring heads; The taper hole measuring tool comprises a measuring cylinder that moves axially along the axis of a workpiece, an elastically retractable connecting rod is connected inside the measuring cylinder, a first ball head is connected to the side of the connecting rod close to the taper hole of the workpiece, and the connecting rod can float in the vertical direction, the other end of the connecting rod abuts against a second ball head, and a first displacement sensor for detecting the displacement of the second ball head is also arranged on the taper hole measuring tool; The step hole measuring tool comprises a detection shaft which moves axially along the axis of the workpiece, a detection head for measuring the length of the step hole is connected to the end face of the detection shaft, and a detection rod symmetrical along the axis of the step hole is extended on the outer surface of the detection shaft for measuring the inner diameter of the step hole of the workpiece.

2. The automatic measuring machine for rotating dynamic shaft parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The workpiece is a shaft structure, and the workpiece is composed of shaft sections of different diameters. A stepped hole and a tapered hole are respectively opened axially at both ends of the workpiece, and a connecting plate is also sleeved on the end surface of the workpiece close to the stepped hole.

3. The automatic measuring machine for rotating dynamic shaft parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two groups of driven rollers for positioning the workpiece are arranged on the upper end of the workpiece; The two driving roller groups are respectively connected to corresponding mounting seats, and the corresponding mounting seats are also connected to active rotating wheels corresponding to the driving roller groups. The active rotating wheels and the driving rollers are driven by belts. The axis of the active rotating wheels is plugged with a driving shaft, and the axes of the driving shafts on the two mounting seats are opposite to each other and are magnetically connected through a magnetic turntable. One of the driving shafts is also connected to a driving motor through a transmission assembly.

4. The automatic measuring machine for rotating dynamic shaft parts as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The two groups of driving roller assemblies are located on shaft sections of different diameters of the workpiece, and the smaller the diameter of the shaft section, the larger the corresponding driving roller size, ensuring that the axis of the workpiece and the workbench surface are set in parallel.

5. The automatic measuring machine for rotating dynamic shaft parts as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The driving tooling also includes two groups of driven rollers for pressing the workpiece, the driven rollers are lifted and lowered by lifting drive, the position of each group of driven rollers corresponds to the position of the driving roller, and the distance between the two driven rollers in the same group is less than the diameter of the corresponding shaft section.

6. The automatic measuring machine for rotating dynamic shaft parts as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The end of the other driving shaft is also connected to a special-shaped turntable, and a photoelectric sensor is arranged on one side of the special-shaped turntable to monitor the rotation speed of the corresponding driving shaft.

7. The automatic measuring machine for rotating dynamic shaft parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: A sliding sleeve is sleeved on the outer wall of the measuring cylinder, a latch is connected to the inner wall of the sliding sleeve, and the latch is slidably connected in a strip groove opened on the outer wall of the measuring cylinder, and a compression spring is arranged in the measuring cylinder to drive the latch and the second ball head to be in a conflicting state, and the first displacement sensor can measure the displacement of the sliding sleeve.

8. The automatic measuring machine for rotating dynamic shaft parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detection rod is L-shaped and is hinged on the detection shaft at its inflection point. A section of the detection rod located in the stepped hole contacts the inner wall of the stepped hole through a spring, and a section of the detection hole located outside the stepped hole is connected to a second displacement sensor.

9. The automatic measuring machine for rotating dynamic shaft parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tapered hole measuring tool and the stepped hole measuring tool are both provided with a sliding seat, the sliding seat is driven by a telescopic structure, and a limit sensor for limiting the sliding seat is connected to the workbench.

10. The automatic measuring machine for rotating dynamic shaft parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: A retractable pressure wheel shaft is also connected to the sliding seat of the stepped hole measuring fixture, and a pressure wheel capable of contacting the workpiece is connected to one end of the pressure wheel shaft close to the workpiece for positioning the shaft end of the workpiece.

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