Lead-acid battery electrolyte comprehensive evaluation system based on digital signals

Abstract

The invention discloses a lead-acid battery electrolyte comprehensive evaluation system based on digital signals, which belongs to the field of lead-acid battery electrolyte detection and repair, and comprises a voltage sensor module, an electrolyte liquid level height sensor, a pH sensor, a switch voltage-stabilized power supply module, a first high-low level conversion module, a second high-low level conversion module, a third high-low level conversion module and a digital logic judgment module. And the switching voltage-stabilized power supply module is connected with the lead-acid battery, outputs a VCC power supply signal to self-supply power to other modules, and outputs a reference voltage signal to each high-low level conversion module. The high-low level conversion module is used for carrying out high-low level conversion on signals collected by the corresponding sensors and outputting digital signals, the digital logic judgment module determines the comprehensive evaluation result of the electrolyte of the lead-acid battery according to the received digital signal combination, evaluation is simple and effective, supplementation or replacement operation can be adopted accordingly, and the evaluation efficiency is improved. The number of sensors is reduced, electrolyte state feedback information is utilized to the maximum extent, and the safety risk and difficulty of manual operation can be reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of lead-acid battery electrolyte detection and repair, and in particular relates to a lead-acid battery electrolyte comprehensive evaluation system based on digital signals. Background Art

[0002] Lead-acid batteries are a common rechargeable battery widely used in backup power supplies, uninterruptible power supply (UPS) systems, electric vehicles, and industrial equipment. Although lead-acid batteries are low-cost, mature in technology, and capable of providing large currents, they face a variety of failure modes during use, which affect their performance and life. Common failure modes include electrolyte failure, electrolyte level failure, and plate sulfation.

[0003] Electrolyte failure is mainly caused by the decrease in sulfuric acid concentration in the electrolyte or the contamination of the electrolyte, which leads to a decrease in the electrochemical reaction efficiency of the battery. Dilute sulfuric acid plays an important role as an electrolyte in the battery. The decrease in sulfuric acid concentration will lead to a decrease in battery capacity and performance degradation. At the same time, electrolyte contamination by impurities will also affect the normal operation of the battery, increase internal resistance, and reduce battery efficiency. Drop in electrolyte level is another common problem. Due to evaporation and leakage of the electrolyte, the electrolyte level may drop, causing the electrodes to be exposed to the air, thereby reducing the capacity and life of the battery. Improper water replenishment operation may also cause the liquid level to be too high or too low, affecting battery performance. Plate sulfidation is also one of the important failure forms in the use of lead-acid batteries. If the battery is not charged for a long time or is frequently deeply discharged, lead sulfate crystals will be deposited on the electrode to form a sulfide layer. This sulfide layer will increase the internal resistance of the battery and reduce the battery capacity and efficiency.

[0004] At present, the traditional methods for dealing with the problem of electrolyte loss or failure have many defects. For example, the artificial electrolyte detection method requires manual detection of multiple indicators, which is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive, but also has huge safety hazards due to the strong acid nature of the electrolyte. Therefore, some researchers have proposed adding a variety of sensors to detect and evaluate the state of the electrolyte. However, different sensors output different voltage signals and specifications, and the power supply and reference voltage used are also different. In addition, the power supply of these sensors is a big problem. If each sensor is equipped with a corresponding power supply or reference voltage circuit, the circuit of the entire sensor comprehensive evaluation system will be very complicated and less practical. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a comprehensive evaluation system for lead-acid battery electrolyte based on digital signals. The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: A digital signal-based comprehensive evaluation system for lead-acid battery electrolyte, comprising: Voltage sensor module, electrolyte level sensor, pH sensor, switch voltage regulator module, first high-low level conversion module, second high-low level conversion module, third high-low level conversion module and digital logic judgment module; wherein: The switching voltage-stabilizing power supply module is connected to the lead-acid battery, and is used to output a VCC power supply signal to the voltage sensor module, the electrolyte liquid level sensor, the pH sensor, the first high-low level conversion module, the second high-low level conversion module, and the third high-low level conversion module to realize self-power supply, and output a reference voltage signal; The voltage sensor module is used to sample the voltage of the lead-acid battery and output the obtained voltage sampling signal to the first high-low level conversion module; The first high-low level conversion module is used to compare the voltage sampling signal with the reference voltage signal, and output a first digital signal to the digital logic judgment module according to the comparison result; The electrolyte liquid level sensor is used to sample and determine the liquid level of the lead-acid battery, and output the obtained liquid level electrical signal to the second high-low level conversion module; The second high-low level conversion module is used to process the liquid level electrical signal, compare it with the reference voltage signal, and output a second digital signal to the digital logic judgment module according to the comparison result; The pH sensor is used to sample and judge the pH value of the electrolyte of the lead-acid battery, and output the obtained pH value electrical signal to the third high-low level conversion module; The third high-low level conversion module is used to process the pH value electrical signal, compare it with the reference voltage signal, and output a third digital signal to the digital logic judgment module according to the comparison result; The digital logic judgment module is used to determine a digital signal combination consisting of the first digital signal, the second digital signal and the third digital signal, and determine a comprehensive evaluation result of the electrolyte of the lead-acid battery according to the digital signal combination.

[0006] Beneficial effects of the present invention: The lead-acid battery electrolyte comprehensive evaluation system based on digital signals provided in the embodiment of the present invention converts the signals collected by the three sensor components, namely, the voltage sensor module, the electrolyte liquid level sensor, and the pH sensor, into high and low level signals, comprehensively evaluates the state of the lead-acid battery electrolyte through the digital logic judgment module, and can control the replenishment or renewal of the lead-acid battery electrolyte to achieve maintenance. The present invention only uses a switching voltage-stabilizing power supply module connected to the lead-acid battery to realize the self-power supply of multiple sensor components, and integrates and simplifies the sensor power supply circuit, the high and low level conversion module power supply circuit, and the reference voltage power supply circuit based on the self-powered circuit design, effectively reducing the complexity of the power supply circuit and the reference voltage circuit, and greatly reducing the number of sensors, making the maximum use of the electrolyte state feedback information. Moreover, by using high and low level signals for digital logic judgment and converting the detection signal into a digital signal, the comprehensive evaluation of the electrolyte status of the lead-acid battery can be carried out simply and effectively, and supplementation or replacement operations can be taken accordingly. The electrolyte status of the lead-acid battery can be simply and effectively evaluated without the need for complex controllers and control algorithms, and the corresponding electrolyte maintenance methods can be matched, which can ultimately significantly reduce the manual detection and maintenance costs of the electrolyte, greatly reduce the safety risks and difficulty of manual operations, and can promptly detect and solve the failure problem of the lead-acid battery, significantly extending the service life of the lead-acid battery. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0007] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a comprehensive evaluation system for lead-acid battery electrolyte based on digital signals provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the specific structure of a comprehensive evaluation system for lead-acid battery electrolyte based on digital signals provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the circuit of the switching voltage-stabilized power supply module in the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 is a circuit schematic diagram of a voltage sensor module in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the circuit composition and connection of the first high-low level conversion module in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the circuit composition and connection of the second high-low level conversion module in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the circuit composition and connection of the third high-low level conversion module in the embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0008] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0009] In order to effectively evaluate the electrolyte status of lead-acid batteries and to maintain and update the electrolyte, the present invention provides a comprehensive evaluation system for lead-acid battery electrolyte based on digital signals. Figure 1 and Figure 2 It is understood that the system may include: Voltage sensor module, electrolyte level sensor, pH sensor, switch voltage regulator module, first high-low level conversion module, second high-low level conversion module, third high-low level conversion module and digital logic judgment module; wherein: The switching voltage-stabilizing power supply module is connected to the lead-acid battery, and is used to output a VCC power supply signal to the voltage sensor module, the electrolyte liquid level sensor, the pH sensor, the first high-low level conversion module, the second high-low level conversion module, and the third high-low level conversion module to realize self-power supply, and output a reference voltage signal; The voltage sensor module is used to sample the voltage of the lead-acid battery and output the obtained voltage sampling signal to the first high-low level conversion module; The first high-low level conversion module is used to compare the voltage sampling signal with the reference voltage signal, and output a first digital signal to the digital logic judgment module according to the comparison result; The electrolyte liquid level sensor is used to sample and determine the liquid level of the lead-acid battery, and output the obtained liquid level electrical signal to the second high-low level conversion module; The second high-low level conversion module is used to process the liquid level electrical signal, compare it with the reference voltage signal, and output a second digital signal to the digital logic judgment module according to the comparison result; The pH sensor is used to sample and judge the pH value of the electrolyte of the lead-acid battery, and output the obtained pH value electrical signal to the third high-low level conversion module; The third high-low level conversion module is used to process the pH value electrical signal, compare it with the reference voltage signal, and output a third digital signal to the digital logic judgment module according to the comparison result; The digital logic judgment module is used to determine a digital signal combination consisting of the first digital signal, the second digital signal and the third digital signal, and determine a comprehensive evaluation result of the electrolyte of the lead-acid battery according to the digital signal combination.

[0010] in, Figure 2 The positive and negative poles of a lead-acid battery are marked with + and - respectively.

[0011] The VCC power supply signal output by the switching voltage-stabilizing power supply module is used to provide stable power supply. The lead-acid battery in the embodiment of the present invention can simultaneously power three sensor components and three high-low level conversion modules through only one switching voltage-stabilizing power supply module; and the reference voltage signal output by the switching voltage-stabilizing power supply module, its voltage can also be used as a reference voltage for the three sensor acquisition signals, that is, the sensor power supply circuit, the high-low level conversion module power supply circuit and the reference voltage power supply circuit are integrated and simplified based on the self-powered circuit.

[0012] Each high-low level conversion module may output a digital signal of a high level or a low level according to its own comparison result.

[0013] The digital signal combination determined by the digital logic judgment module is composed of 3 bits according to the order of the first digital signal, the second digital signal, and the third digital signal. Since the first digital signal, the second digital signal, and the third digital signal can be high level or low level, there are many possible situations for the digital signal combination. The embodiment of the present invention uses a large number of experiments to determine the corresponding relationship between different digital signal combinations and comprehensive evaluation results in advance. In actual evaluation, the corresponding relationship can be used to determine the comprehensive evaluation result corresponding to the current digital signal combination.

[0014] The digital signal-based comprehensive evaluation system for the electrolyte of a lead-acid battery provided in the embodiment of the present invention only uses three sensor components, namely, a voltage sensor module, an electrolyte liquid level sensor, and a pH sensor, thereby greatly reducing the number of sensors; and a switching voltage-stabilizing power supply module connected to the lead-acid battery is used to provide these sensor components with a unified VCC power supply signal and a reference voltage signal, thereby realizing self-power supply within the system and simplifying the system circuit; the output signals of the three sensor components are converted into high and low level signals using corresponding high and low level conversion modules, and the state of the electrolyte of the lead-acid battery is comprehensively evaluated through a digital logic judgment module, thereby further controlling the replenishment or updating of the electrolyte of the lead-acid battery, having a high evaluation efficiency and greatly reducing the safety risk and difficulty of manual operation, thereby being able to timely discover and solve the failure problem of the lead-acid battery, and significantly extending the service life of the lead-acid battery.

[0015] In order to facilitate understanding of the embodiments of the present invention, each part of the system is described below.

[0016] Switching power supply module: In an optional embodiment, see Figure 3 As shown, the switching voltage regulated power supply module may include: An isolation type step-down transformer, a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2 and a voltage stabilizing diode Z1; wherein the first end of the isolation type step-down transformer is connected to the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery, and the second end of the isolation type step-down transformer is connected to the negative electrode of the lead-acid battery; The first end of the isolation step-down transformer is an output end of the VCC power supply signal, and the first end of the isolation step-down transformer is connected to the first end of the first resistor R1; The second end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the first end of the second resistor R2 and the cathode of the voltage zener diode Z1; the cathode of the voltage zener diode Z1 serves as the output end of the reference voltage signal; The second end of the second resistor R2, the anode of the voltage stabilizing diode Z1 and the second end of the isolation step-down transformer are all grounded.

[0017] Specifically, the isolated step-down transformer is connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the lead-acid battery to reduce the voltage of the lead-acid battery to a set voltage output, and the set voltage is above 5.1 V, for example, 5.5 V. The set voltage is greater than the power supply voltage of each sensor component and the minimum value of 5V of the operational amplifier driving voltage in each high-low level conversion module.

[0018] When the set voltage fluctuates due to load, the output voltage corresponding to the set voltage of the switching voltage-stabilized power supply module (i.e., the voltage of the VCC power supply signal) can be maintained within a fixed range. Specifically, the voltage range of the VCC power supply signal can be: [5.1V, 6V]. Based on the set voltage output, the switching voltage-stabilized power supply module can be used not only to supply power to each sensor component, but also to drive the operational amplifiers in each high-low level conversion module.

[0019] The output voltage of the switching voltage-stabilized power supply module can be used as a reference voltage. After voltage division by the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2, the voltage-stabilized design is performed using the voltage-stabilized diode Z1, which can be a Zener diode. The reference voltage is generated by the switching voltage-stabilized power supply module and is not affected by the fluctuating load after voltage-stabilized design. In an optional implementation, the first resistor R1 can be equal to 1 kiloohm, the second resistor R2 can be equal to 15 kiloohm, and the output voltage after voltage division is 5.16V, which is higher than the steady-state voltage of the voltage-stabilized diode Z1, 5.1V. Therefore, the voltage of the reference voltage signal is 5.1V.

[0020] Of course, the resistance values ​​of the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 can be set according to requirements and are not limited to the above examples.

[0021] Voltage sensor module: In an optional embodiment, see Figure 4 As shown, the voltage sensor module may include: A voltage sensor, a first voltage-dividing resistor RV1 and a second voltage-dividing resistor RV2; wherein the first end of the voltage sensor is connected to the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery and the first end of the first voltage-dividing resistor RV1, and the second end of the voltage sensor is connected to the negative electrode of the lead-acid battery; The second end of the first voltage-dividing resistor RV1 is connected to the first end of the second voltage-dividing resistor RV2, and a connection node between the second end of the first voltage-dividing resistor RV1 and the second voltage-dividing resistor RV2 serves as an output end of the voltage sampling signal; The second end of the second voltage-dividing resistor RV2 and the second end of the voltage sensor are both grounded.

[0022] For details, see Figure 4 As shown, the two ends of the voltage sensor are connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the lead-acid battery respectively. The voltage sensor module uses the first voltage-dividing resistor RV1 and the second voltage-dividing resistor RV2 to realize voltage division and voltage sampling signal output. The specific resistance values ​​of the first voltage-dividing resistor RV1 and the second voltage-dividing resistor RV2 are determined by the reference voltage and the lower limit voltage of the lead-acid battery; In an optional implementation, the first voltage-dividing resistor RV1 can be 50 kilo-ohms, and the second voltage-dividing resistor RV2 can be 10 kilo-ohms. The rated voltage of the lead-acid battery is 48V. When the minimum voltage is lower than 30.6V, it is judged as an electrolyte failure. At this time, the voltage value of the voltage sampling signal is less than the voltage value of the reference voltage signal (i.e., the reference voltage). The specific calculation method is: RV2 / (RV1+ RV2) Minimum voltage = reference voltage. In this formula, RV1 and RV2 represent corresponding resistance values. In the present invention, the rated voltage and minimum voltage of the lead-acid battery can be designed according to actual application requirements, and are not limited here.

[0023] The voltage sensor module is connected to the first high-low level conversion module. When the voltage sampling signal output by the voltage sensor module is less than the voltage value of the reference voltage signal, the first high-low level conversion module will output a high-level first digital signal.

[0024] The first high-low level conversion module: In an optional embodiment, see Figure 5 As shown, the first high-low level conversion module is implemented by using a first LM393 chip; Port 1 of the first LM393 chip is connected to the input end of the digital logic judgment module, and port 1 of the first LM393 chip is used to output the first digital signal; port 2 of the first LM393 chip is connected to the first end of the first filter capacitor and the output end of the voltage sampling signal in the voltage sensor module; the second end of the first filter capacitor is grounded; port 3 of the first LM393 chip is connected to the output end of the reference voltage signal in the switching regulated power supply module; port 4 of the first LM393 chip is grounded; port 8 of the first LM393 chip is connected to the output end of the VCC power supply signal in the switching regulated power supply module; The first filter capacitor can be .

[0025] When the voltage value of the voltage sampling signal is less than the voltage value of the reference voltage signal, the first digital signal is at a high level; otherwise, the first digital signal is at a low level.

[0026] Electrolyte level sensor: In an embodiment of the present invention, the electrolyte liquid level sensor is located at a fixed height on the outer side of the lead-acid battery box. The electrolyte liquid level sensor may be a capacitive non-contact liquid level sensor. The electrolyte liquid level sensor is used to detect whether the electrolyte liquid level is lower than the electrolyte liquid level sensor, and output a corresponding liquid level electrical signal to the second high-low level conversion module.

[0027] The second high-low level conversion module: In an optional embodiment, see Figure 6 As shown, the second high-low level conversion module is implemented by using a first ADA4505-2 chip, a second ADA4505-2 chip and a second LM393 chip; Port 1 of the first ADA4505-2 chip is connected to port 3 of the second ADA4505-2 chip, and is also connected to port 2 of the first ADA4505-2 chip; port 3 of the first ADA4505-2 chip is connected to the positive electrode of the electrolyte liquid level sensor, for receiving the liquid level electrical signal; the negative electrode of the electrolyte liquid level sensor is grounded; a second filter capacitor is connected between the positive and negative electrodes of the electrolyte liquid level sensor; port 4 of the first ADA4505-2 chip is grounded; port 8 of the first ADA4505-2 chip is connected to the output end of the VCC power supply signal in the switching voltage regulator module; Port 1 of the second ADA4505-2 chip is connected to port 2 of the second LM393 chip, and is connected to port 2 of the second ADA4505-2 chip through a third resistor R3; port 2 of the second ADA4505-2 chip is connected to ground through a fourth resistor R4; port 4 of the second ADA4505-2 chip is grounded; port 8 of the second ADA4505-2 chip is connected to the output end of the VCC power supply signal in the switching voltage regulator module; Port 1 of the second LM393 chip is connected to the digital logic judgment module for outputting the second digital signal; Port 3 of the second LM393 chip is connected to the output end of the reference voltage signal in the switching voltage-stabilized power supply module, and Port 4 of the second LM393 chip is grounded; Port 8 of the second LM393 chip is connected to the output end of the VCC power supply signal in the switching voltage-stabilized power supply module; The first ADA4505-2 chip and the second ADA4505-2 chip are used to follow and amplify the received liquid level electrical signal. In the embodiment of the present invention, each ADA4505-2 chip and LM393 chip is an operational amplifier in the corresponding high-low level conversion module.

[0028] The second filter capacitor can be .

[0029] The resistance values ​​of the third resistor R3 and the fourth resistor R4 are determined by the standard liquid level voltage of the lead-acid battery and the set reference voltage. The specific calculation method is: R4 / (R3+R4) Reference voltage = lead-acid battery standard liquid level voltage. In the above formula, R3 and R4 represent the corresponding resistance values. The lead-acid battery standard liquid level voltage refers to the voltage displayed by the electrolyte level sensor corresponding to the electrolyte level of a new lead-acid battery.

[0030] When the electrolyte level of the lead-acid battery is lower than the electrolyte level sensor, the voltage value received by port 2 of the second LM393 chip is less than the voltage value of the reference voltage signal, and the second digital signal is high level; otherwise, the second digital signal is low level.

[0031] pH Sensor: The pH sensor is set at a fixed position on the side of the lead-acid battery box, and its pH electrode is deep below the electrolyte surface. It is used to detect whether the pH value of the electrolyte is greater than the preset pH value (indicating the upper limit of the pH value), and output the corresponding pH value electrical signal to the third high-low level conversion module.

[0032] The third high-low level conversion module: In an optional embodiment, see Figure 7 As shown, the third high-low level conversion module is implemented by using a third ADA4505-2 chip, a fourth ADA4505-2 chip and a third LM393 chip; Port 1 of the third ADA4505-2 chip is connected to port 3 of the fourth ADA4505-2 chip, and is also connected to port 2 of the third ADA4505-2 chip; port 3 of the third ADA4505-2 chip is connected to the positive electrode of the pH sensor for receiving the pH value electrical signal; the negative electrode of the pH sensor is grounded; a third filter capacitor is connected between the positive and negative electrodes of the pH sensor; port 4 of the third ADA4505-2 chip is grounded; port 8 of the third ADA4505-2 chip is connected to the output end of the VCC power supply signal in the switching regulated power supply module; Port 1 of the fourth ADA4505-2 chip is connected to port 2 of the third LM393 chip, and is connected to port 2 of the fourth ADA4505-2 chip through a fifth resistor R5; port 2 of the fourth ADA4505-2 chip is connected to ground through a sixth resistor R6; port 4 of the fourth ADA4505-2 chip is grounded; port 8 of the fourth ADA4505-2 chip is connected to the output end of the VCC power supply signal in the switching voltage regulated power supply module; Port 1 of the third LM393 chip is connected to the digital logic judgment module for outputting the third digital signal; Port 3 of the third LM393 chip is connected to the output end of the reference voltage signal in the switching voltage-stabilized power supply module, and Port 4 of the third LM393 chip is grounded; Port 8 of the third LM393 chip is connected to the output end of the VCC power supply signal in the switching voltage-stabilized power supply module; Among them, the third ADA4505-2 chip and the fourth ADA4505-2 chip are used to follow and amplify the received pH value electrical signal.

[0033] The third filter capacitor can be .

[0034] The resistance values ​​of the fifth resistor R5 and the sixth resistor R6 are designed according to the standard pH voltage of the lead-acid battery and the set reference voltage. The specific calculation method is: R6 / (R5+R6) Reference voltage = lead-acid battery standard pH voltage. In the above formula, R5 and R6 represent the corresponding resistance values. The lead-acid battery standard pH voltage refers to the voltage displayed by the pH sensor corresponding to the electrolyte pH value of a new lead-acid battery.

[0035] When the pH value of the electrolyte of the lead-acid battery is greater than the preset pH value, the voltage value received by port 2 of the third LM393 chip is less than the voltage value of the reference voltage signal, and the third digital signal is at a high level; otherwise, the third digital signal is at a low level.

[0036] Digital logic judgment module: The working principle of the digital logic judgment module is: when there is no input signal or the input is low level, the corresponding number is displayed as 0, and when the input is high level, the corresponding number is displayed as 1. The three digits displayed by the digital signal combination correspond to the 0 or 1 digits corresponding to the first digital signal, the second digital signal, and the third digital signal respectively.

[0037] In an optional implementation manner, the digital logic judgment module determines the comprehensive evaluation result of the electrolyte of the lead-acid battery according to the combination of digital signals, including: When the digital signal combination is 000, it is determined that the comprehensive evaluation result of the electrolyte of the lead-acid battery is: the electrolyte is normal; When the digital signal combination is 001, it is determined that the comprehensive evaluation result of the electrolyte of the lead-acid battery is: the electrolyte is normal, but there is sediment near the pH sensor or the pH sensor is faulty; When the digital signal combination is 010, it is determined that the comprehensive evaluation result of the electrolyte of the lead-acid battery is: insufficient electrolyte; When the digital signal combination is 011, it is determined that the comprehensive evaluation result of the electrolyte of the lead-acid battery is: insufficient acidity of the electrolyte and lack of electrolyte; When the digital signal combination is 100, it is determined that the comprehensive evaluation result of the electrolyte of the lead-acid battery is: the electrolyte is normal, but there is a possibility that the electrode material covers the reactant; When the digital signal combination is 101, it is determined that the comprehensive evaluation result of the electrolyte of the lead-acid battery is: the electrolyte acidity is insufficient; When the digital signal combination is 110, it is determined that the comprehensive evaluation result of the electrolyte of the lead-acid battery is: insufficient electrolyte; When the digital signal combination is 111, it is determined that the comprehensive evaluation result of the electrolyte of the lead-acid battery is: the performance of the electrolyte is severely degraded.

[0038] Furthermore, after the digital logic judgment module determines the comprehensive evaluation result of the electrolyte of the lead-acid battery according to the digital signal combination, the lead-acid battery electrolyte comprehensive evaluation system based on digital signals is also used to: According to different comprehensive evaluation results, corresponding electrolyte maintenance actions are taken.

[0039] Specifically, the embodiment of the present invention can perform maintenance processing such as replenishment or replacement of electrolyte according to the comprehensive evaluation result of the digital logic judgment module.

[0040] The comprehensive evaluation results and electrolyte maintenance behaviors corresponding to different digital signal combinations are shown in Table 1.

[0041] Table 1 Comprehensive evaluation results and electrolyte maintenance behaviors corresponding to different digital signal combinations

[0042] The lead-acid battery electrolyte comprehensive evaluation system based on digital signals provided in the embodiment of the present invention converts the signals collected by the three sensor components into high and low level signals, comprehensively evaluates the state of the lead-acid battery electrolyte through the digital logic judgment module, and can control the replenishment or renewal of the lead-acid battery electrolyte accordingly. The present invention only uses a switching voltage-stabilizing power supply module connected to the lead-acid battery to realize the self-power supply of multiple sensor components, and integrates and simplifies the sensor power supply circuit, the high and low level conversion module power supply circuit and the reference voltage power supply circuit based on the self-powered circuit design, effectively reducing the complexity of the power supply circuit and the reference voltage circuit, and greatly reducing the number of sensors, making the most of the electrolyte state feedback information. Moreover, by using high and low level signals for digital logic judgment and converting the detection signal into a digital signal, a comprehensive evaluation of the electrolyte status of the lead-acid battery can be simply and effectively performed and replenishment or replacement operations can be taken. The electrolyte status of the lead-acid battery can be simply and effectively evaluated through a digital lookup table without the need for complex controllers and control algorithms, and the corresponding electrolyte maintenance methods can be matched. Ultimately, the manual detection and maintenance costs of the electrolyte can be significantly reduced, the safety risks and difficulty of manual operations are greatly reduced, and the failure problems of lead-acid batteries can be discovered and resolved in a timely manner, significantly extending the service life of lead-acid batteries.

[0043] It should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0044] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification.

[0045] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A comprehensive evaluation system for lead-acid battery electrolyte based on digital signals, characterized in that: include: Voltage sensor module, electrolyte level sensor, pH sensor, switch voltage regulator module, first high-low level conversion module, second high-low level conversion module, third high-low level conversion module and digital logic judgment module; wherein: The switching voltage-stabilizing power supply module is connected to the lead-acid battery, and is used to output a VCC power supply signal to the voltage sensor module, the electrolyte liquid level sensor, the pH sensor, the first high-low level conversion module, the second high-low level conversion module, and the third high-low level conversion module to realize self-power supply, and output a reference voltage signal; The voltage sensor module is used to sample the voltage of the lead-acid battery and output the obtained voltage sampling signal to the first high-low level conversion module; The first high-low level conversion module is used to compare the voltage sampling signal with the reference voltage signal, and output a first digital signal to the digital logic judgment module according to the comparison result; The electrolyte liquid level sensor is used to sample and determine the liquid level of the lead-acid battery, and output the obtained liquid level electrical signal to the second high-low level conversion module; The second high-low level conversion module is used to process the liquid level electrical signal, compare it with the reference voltage signal, and output a second digital signal to the digital logic judgment module according to the comparison result; The pH sensor is used to sample and judge the pH value of the electrolyte of the lead-acid battery, and output the obtained pH value electrical signal to the third high-low level conversion module; The third high-low level conversion module is used to process the pH value electrical signal, compare it with the reference voltage signal, and output a third digital signal to the digital logic judgment module according to the comparison result; The digital logic judgment module is used to determine a digital signal combination consisting of the first digital signal, the second digital signal and the third digital signal, and determine a comprehensive evaluation result of the electrolyte of the lead-acid battery according to the digital signal combination.

2. The lead-acid battery electrolyte comprehensive evaluation system based on digital signals according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The switching regulated power supply module comprises: An isolation type step-down transformer, a first resistor (R1), a second resistor (R2) and a voltage stabilizing diode (Z1); wherein the first end of the isolation type step-down transformer is connected to the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery, and the second end of the isolation type step-down transformer is connected to the negative electrode of the lead-acid battery; The first end of the isolation type step-down transformer is an output end of a VCC power supply signal, and the first end of the isolation type step-down transformer is connected to the first end of the first resistor (R1); The second end of the first resistor (R1) is connected to the first end of the second resistor (R2) and the cathode of the voltage zener diode (Z1); the cathode of the voltage zener diode (Z1) serves as the output end of the reference voltage signal; The second end of the second resistor (R2), the positive electrode of the voltage stabilizing diode (Z1) and the second end of the isolation step-down transformer are all grounded.

3. The lead-acid battery electrolyte comprehensive evaluation system based on digital signals according to claim 1, characterized in that: The voltage range of the VCC power supply signal is: [5.1V, 6V]; the voltage of the reference voltage signal is 5.1V.

4. The lead-acid battery electrolyte comprehensive evaluation system based on digital signals according to claim 1, characterized in that: The voltage sensor module comprises: A voltage sensor, a first voltage-dividing resistor (RV1) and a second voltage-dividing resistor (RV2); wherein the first end of the voltage sensor is connected to the positive electrode of the lead-acid battery and the first end of the first voltage-dividing resistor (RV1), and the second end of the voltage sensor is connected to the negative electrode of the lead-acid battery; The second end of the first voltage-dividing resistor (RV1) is connected to the first end of the second voltage-dividing resistor (RV2), and a connection node between the second end of the first voltage-dividing resistor (RV1) and the second voltage-dividing resistor (RV2) serves as an output end of the voltage sampling signal; A second end of the second voltage-dividing resistor (RV2) and a second end of the voltage sensor are both grounded.

5. The lead-acid battery electrolyte comprehensive evaluation system based on digital signals according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The first high-low level conversion module is implemented by using a first LM393 chip; Port 1 of the first LM393 chip is connected to the input end of the digital logic judgment module, and port 1 of the first LM393 chip is used to output the first digital signal; port 2 of the first LM393 chip is connected to the first end of the first filter capacitor and the output end of the voltage sampling signal in the voltage sensor module; the second end of the first filter capacitor is grounded; port 3 of the first LM393 chip is connected to the output end of the reference voltage signal in the switching voltage-stabilized power supply module; port 4 of the first LM393 chip is grounded; port 8 of the first LM393 chip is connected to the output end of the VCC power supply signal in the switching voltage-stabilized power supply module; wherein, the voltage value of the voltage sampling signal is less than the voltage value of the reference voltage signal, and the first digital signal is a high level.

6. The lead-acid battery electrolyte comprehensive evaluation system based on digital signals according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electrolyte liquid level sensor is located at a fixed height outside the box body of the lead-acid battery.

7. The lead-acid battery electrolyte comprehensive evaluation system based on digital signals according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second high-low level conversion module is implemented by using a first ADA4505-2 chip, a second ADA4505-2 chip and a second LM393 chip; Port 1 of the first ADA4505-2 chip is connected to port 3 of the second ADA4505-2 chip, and is also connected to port 2 of the first ADA4505-2 chip; port 3 of the first ADA4505-2 chip is connected to the positive electrode of the electrolyte liquid level sensor, for receiving the liquid level electrical signal; the negative electrode of the electrolyte liquid level sensor is grounded; a second filter capacitor is connected between the positive and negative electrodes of the electrolyte liquid level sensor; port 4 of the first ADA4505-2 chip is grounded; port 8 of the first ADA4505-2 chip is connected to the output end of the VCC power supply signal in the switching voltage regulator module; Port 1 of the second ADA4505-2 chip is connected to port 2 of the second LM393 chip, and is connected to port 2 of the second ADA4505-2 chip through a third resistor (R3); port 2 of the second ADA4505-2 chip is connected to ground through a fourth resistor (R4); port 4 of the second ADA4505-2 chip is grounded; port 8 of the second ADA4505-2 chip is connected to the output end of the VCC power supply signal in the switching regulated power supply module; Port 1 of the second LM393 chip is connected to the digital logic judgment module for outputting the second digital signal; port 3 of the second LM393 chip is connected to the output end of the reference voltage signal in the switching voltage-stabilized power supply module, and port 4 of the second LM393 chip is grounded; port 8 of the second LM393 chip is connected to the output end of the VCC power supply signal in the switching voltage-stabilized power supply module; when the electrolyte level of the lead-acid battery is lower than the electrolyte level sensor, the voltage value received by port 2 of the second LM393 chip is less than the voltage value of the reference voltage signal, and the second digital signal is at a high level.

8. The lead-acid battery electrolyte comprehensive evaluation system based on digital signals according to claim 1, characterized in that: The third high-low level conversion module is implemented by using a third ADA4505-2 chip, a fourth ADA4505-2 chip and a third LM393 chip; Port 1 of the third ADA4505-2 chip is connected to port 3 of the fourth ADA4505-2 chip, and is also connected to port 2 of the third ADA4505-2 chip; port 3 of the third ADA4505-2 chip is connected to the positive electrode of the pH sensor for receiving the pH value electrical signal; the negative electrode of the pH sensor is grounded; a third filter capacitor is connected between the positive and negative electrodes of the pH sensor; port 4 of the third ADA4505-2 chip is grounded; port 8 of the third ADA4505-2 chip is connected to the output end of the VCC power supply signal in the switching regulated power supply module; Port 1 of the fourth ADA4505-2 chip is connected to port 2 of the third LM393 chip, and is connected to port 2 of the fourth ADA4505-2 chip through a fifth resistor (R5); port 2 of the fourth ADA4505-2 chip is connected to ground through a sixth resistor (R6); port 4 of the fourth ADA4505-2 chip is grounded; port 8 of the fourth ADA4505-2 chip is connected to the output end of the VCC power supply signal in the switching regulated power supply module; Port 1 of the third LM393 chip is connected to the digital logic judgment module for outputting the third digital signal; port 3 of the third LM393 chip is connected to the output end of the reference voltage signal in the switching voltage-stabilized power supply module, and port 4 of the third LM393 chip is grounded; port 8 of the third LM393 chip is connected to the output end of the VCC power supply signal in the switching voltage-stabilized power supply module; when the pH value of the electrolyte of the lead-acid battery is greater than the preset pH value, the voltage value received by port 2 of the third LM393 chip is less than the voltage value of the reference voltage signal, and the third digital signal is at a high level.

9. The lead-acid battery electrolyte comprehensive evaluation system based on digital signals according to claim 1, characterized in that: The digital logic judgment module determines the comprehensive evaluation result of the electrolyte of the lead-acid battery according to the combination of the digital signals, including: When the digital signal combination is 000, it is determined that the comprehensive evaluation result of the electrolyte of the lead-acid battery is: the electrolyte is normal; When the digital signal combination is 001, it is determined that the comprehensive evaluation result of the electrolyte of the lead-acid battery is: the electrolyte is normal, but there is sediment near the pH sensor or the pH sensor is faulty; When the digital signal combination is 010, it is determined that the comprehensive evaluation result of the electrolyte of the lead-acid battery is: insufficient electrolyte; When the digital signal combination is 011, it is determined that the comprehensive evaluation result of the electrolyte of the lead-acid battery is: insufficient acidity of the electrolyte and lack of electrolyte; When the digital signal combination is 100, it is determined that the comprehensive evaluation result of the electrolyte of the lead-acid battery is: the electrolyte is normal, but there is a possibility that the electrode material covers the reactant; When the digital signal combination is 101, it is determined that the comprehensive evaluation result of the electrolyte of the lead-acid battery is: the electrolyte acidity is insufficient; When the digital signal combination is 110, it is determined that the comprehensive evaluation result of the electrolyte of the lead-acid battery is: insufficient electrolyte; When the digital signal combination is 111, it is determined that the comprehensive evaluation result of the electrolyte of the lead-acid battery is: the performance of the electrolyte is severely degraded.

10. The digital signal-based comprehensive evaluation system for lead-acid battery electrolyte according to claim 9, characterized in that: After the digital logic judgment module determines the comprehensive evaluation result of the electrolyte of the lead-acid battery according to the digital signal combination, the lead-acid battery electrolyte comprehensive evaluation system based on digital signals is further used for: According to different comprehensive evaluation results, corresponding electrolyte maintenance actions are taken.

Images