Dynamic replenishment method, system and equipment based on sales and inventory, and medium

By analyzing the sales data and inventory information of retail enterprises' stores, customizing replenishment strategies and iterating iterates repeatedly, the problem of difficult to predict store demand in the existing technology is solved, dynamic replenishment and supply and demand balance are achieved, and transportation and labor costs are reduced.

CN119558763APending Publication Date: 2025-03-04SHANDONG INSPUR DIGITAL BUSINESS TECHNOLOGY CO LTD
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Patent Information

Application Number
CN202411581506.6
Authority / Receiving Office
CN · China
Patent Type
Applications(China)
Current Assignee / Owner
Filing Date
2024-11-07
Publication Date
2025-03-04

AI Technical Summary

Technical Problem

It is difficult for existing retail companies to effectively analyze sales data and inventory, resulting in the inability to predict store demand in advance, which will affect dynamic replenishment and increase transportation and labor costs.

Method used

By collecting sales data and inventory information of each store, analyzing sales situation, customizing custom replenishment strategies, and iterating the strategies repeatedly based on sales data to achieve dynamic replenishment.

Benefits of technology

It has achieved accurate prediction of store demand, optimized replenishment strategies, reduced transportation and labor costs, improved supply and demand balance, and enhanced the company's core competitiveness.

✦ Generated by Eureka AI based on patent content.

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Abstract

The invention discloses a dynamic replenishment method, system and equipment based on sales and inventory, and a medium, belongs to the technical field of intelligent data processing, and aims to solve the technical problem of how to predict the demand of a store in advance, realize dynamic replenishment and avoid the change of a supply-demand relationship caused by transportation and labor cost. According to the technical scheme, sales data and inventory information of commodities sold in each store of an enterprise are collected, the sales data and the inventory information of the commodities sold in each store are analyzed to obtain corresponding sales conditions, then custom replenishment strategies of the stores are customized, and growth of the sales data is promoted reversely; and meanwhile, the replenishment strategy is updated repeatedly and iteratively according to the sales data, so that the sales strategy better meets the replenishment requirements of each store.
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Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of intelligent data processing, and in particular to a sales and inventory-based dynamic replenishment method, system, equipment and medium. Background Art

[0002] The supply and demand management of goods is currently a matter of great concern to all major retail companies. Due to differences in the level of informatization, most retail companies still follow a more traditional marketing model. However, with the development of information technology, the level of informatization of major retail companies is also constantly improving. The current dilemma of major manufacturers is that they are unable to analyze the huge sales data and inventory, so as to achieve dynamic replenishment and optimize the existing marketing model.

[0003] Therefore, how to predict store demand in advance, achieve dynamic replenishment, and avoid changes in supply and demand caused by transportation and labor costs is a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical task of the present invention is to provide a dynamic replenishment method, system, equipment and medium based on sales and inventory to solve the problem of how to predict store demand in advance, realize dynamic replenishment, and avoid changes in supply and demand caused by transportation and labor costs.

[0005] The technical task of the present invention is achieved in the following way: a dynamic replenishment method based on sales and inventory, which collects sales data and inventory information of goods sold in each store of the enterprise, analyzes the sales data and inventory information of the goods sold in each store to obtain the corresponding sales situation, and then customizes the store's custom replenishment strategy, which in turn promotes the growth of sales data; at the same time, the replenishment strategy is repeatedly iterated and updated according to the sales data, so that the sales strategy is more in line with the replenishment needs of each store.

[0006] Preferably, the method is as follows:

[0007] Select the product to be restocked;

[0008] Get the standard quantity of all store levels and available quantity of the products to be replenished;

[0009] Calculate the required replenishment quantity of the to-be-replenished product in each store based on the standard quantity of all store levels under the to-be-replenished product and the available quantity of the store;

[0010] Filter and adjust the replenishment quantity required for each store to obtain the replenishment quantity of the goods to be replenished.

[0011] More preferably, the required replenishment quantity of the to-be-replenished product in each store is calculated based on the standard quantity of all store levels under the to-be-replenished product and the available quantity of the store:

[0012] Calculate the store replenishment quantity β of the goods to be replenished, the formula is as follows:

[0013]

[0014] Where N represents a store; f(x N ) represents the standard amount of store-level placement; represents the average transaction rate of the store; n represents the number of days; represents the average transaction rate of stores in the same region; a represents the next store in the same region; j N Indicates that the store has sales data base; k N Indicates that the store has no sales data base; m N represents the product replenishment cycle; f(n N ) represents the available quantity of goods; f(p N ) represents the quantity in transit; q N represents safety stock;

[0015] The replenishment quantity data set of each store constitutes the total commodity replenishment quantity set {β (1) ,β (2) ,…β (n)}.

[0016] Preferably, the replenishment quantity required for each store is filtered and adjusted to obtain the replenishment quantity of the goods to be replenished as follows:

[0017] From the total commodity replenishment quantity set {β (1) ,β (2) ,…β (n)}Select the replenishment quantity within the restriction conditions and obtain the replenishment quantity achieved by all stores {αβ (1) ,αβ (2) ,…αβ (n)}.

[0018] Preferably, the constraints are expressed as a set {α (1) ,α (2) ,α (3) , …α (n)};

[0019] Among them, α (1) Indicates whether the store is a blacklist store. Blacklist stores do not participate in replenishment;

[0020] α (2) It means that if the store fails to calculate the store delivery standard, it will not participate in replenishment;

[0021] α (3)Indicates the upper and lower limits of the store-level delivery standards set based on the corresponding store type. If it is higher than the upper limit, the store-level delivery standard quantity will take the upper limit value; if it is lower than the lower limit, the store-level delivery standard quantity will take the lower limit value;

[0022] α (n) It means that if the store average transaction rate or the city average transaction rate is 0, the store will not participate in replenishment.

[0023] A dynamic replenishment system based on sales and inventory, the system comprising:

[0024] Selection module, used to select the goods to be replenished;

[0025] The delivery quantity acquisition module is used to obtain the delivery standard quantity of all store levels and the available delivery quantity of the store under the product to be replenished;

[0026] The replenishment quantity acquisition module is used to calculate the replenishment quantity required for the to-be-replenished product in each store based on the standard quantity of all store levels under the to-be-replenished product and the available quantity of the store;

[0027] The filtering and adjustment module is used to filter and adjust the replenishment quantity required for each store and obtain the replenishment quantity of the goods to be replenished.

[0028] Preferably, the replenishment quantity acquisition module includes:

[0029] The replenishment quantity calculation submodule is used to calculate the store replenishment quantity β of the goods to be replenished. The formula is as follows:

[0030]

[0031] Where N represents a store; f(x N ) represents the standard amount of store-level placement; represents the average transaction rate of the store; n represents the number of days; represents the average transaction rate of stores in the same region; a represents the next store in the same region; j N Indicates that the store has sales data base; k N Indicates that the store has no sales data base; m N represents the product replenishment cycle; f(n N ) represents the available quantity of goods; f(p N ) represents the quantity in transit; q N represents safety stock;

[0032] The replenishment quantity collection acquisition submodule is used to form a total commodity replenishment quantity collection {β (1) ,β (2) ,…β (n)}.

[0033] Preferably, the filtering and adjustment module is selected from the total product replenishment quantity set {β (1) ,β (2) ,…β (n)}Select the replenishment quantity within the restriction conditions and obtain the replenishment quantity achieved by all stores {αβ (1) ,αβ (2) ,…αβ (n)};

[0034] Among them, the constraints are represented as a set {α (1) ,α (2) ,α (3) , …α (n)};

[0035] Among them, α (1) Indicates whether the store is a blacklist store. Blacklist stores do not participate in replenishment;

[0036] α (2) It means that if the store fails to calculate the store delivery standard, it will not participate in replenishment;

[0037] α (3) Indicates the upper and lower limits of the store-level delivery standards set based on the corresponding store type. If it is higher than the upper limit, the store-level delivery standard quantity will take the upper limit value; if it is lower than the lower limit, the store-level delivery standard quantity will take the lower limit value;

[0038] α (n) It means that if the store average transaction rate or the city average transaction rate is 0, the store will not participate in replenishment.

[0039] An electronic device comprising: a memory and at least one processor;

[0040] Wherein, the memory stores a computer program;

[0041] The at least one processor executes the computer program stored in the memory, so that the at least one processor performs the above-mentioned dynamic replenishment method based on sales and inventory.

[0042] A computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, which can be executed by a processor to implement the above-mentioned dynamic replenishment method based on sales and inventory.

[0043] The sales and inventory-based dynamic replenishment method, system, device and medium of the present invention have the following advantages:

[0044] (1) The present invention deeply explores data rules, fits and modifies model algorithms and parameters through multiple iterations, and independently defines formulas, and successfully establishes a dynamic replenishment model system to guide wine companies to achieve accurate replenishment. It can not only improve the ability and level of wine companies to use data, timely grasp the demand dynamics of distributors and consumers, explore more scientific replenishment methods suitable for the target market, accurately formulate replenishment strategies and track consumption, and provide replenishment strategies that are more in line with market demand, but also strengthen the loyalty of distributors and consumers to the company and its products, thereby firmly grasping distributors, consumers and the market, enhancing the core competitiveness and channel control of wine companies, and effectively promoting the high-quality development of wine company marketing;

[0045] (ii) The purpose of the present invention is to accurately replenish the goods under each distributor's store, so that the store's goods inventory is not excessive and can meet the marketing needs, thereby achieving a balance between the supply and demand of the wine company and the store to a certain extent and making the transportation cost and labor cost of the wine company more effectively utilized and controlled. In order to accurately replenish the store, the store level delivery standard, the store's average transaction rate, the available delivery quantity of the goods and the safety inventory of the store are required as the basis to calculate the replenishment quantity;

[0046] (III) The present invention optimizes the commodity supply model based on sales data and inventory, thereby realizing positive feedback of optimizing sales data, and analyzes the sales data of stores in combination with inventory, and analyzes the replenishment quantity of commodities in multiple dimensions such as stores and commodities, thereby optimizing the marketing model of commodities; through the analysis of sales data, the store level delivery standard, store average transaction rate, available commodity delivery quantity and safety inventory and other more critical sales data are extracted as the basis for analysis, and the replenishment quantity of each store is calculated in advance according to the level of indicators, thereby balancing the supply and demand management of each store; compared with the traditional marketing model driven by sales, this model can predict the demand of stores in advance, thereby avoiding changes in the supply and demand relationship caused by transportation and labor costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0047] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0048] Attached Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the dynamic replenishment method based on sales and inventory. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] The sales and inventory-based dynamic replenishment method, system, device and medium of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0050] Embodiment 1:

[0051] As attached Figure 1As shown, this embodiment provides a dynamic replenishment method based on sales and inventory. The method collects sales data and inventory information of goods sold in each store of the enterprise, analyzes the sales data and inventory information of the goods sold in each store to obtain the corresponding sales situation, and then customizes the store's custom replenishment strategy to reversely promote the growth of sales data; at the same time, the replenishment strategy is repeatedly updated according to the sales data, so that the sales strategy is more in line with the replenishment needs of each store; the details are as follows:

[0052] S1. Select the product to be replenished;

[0053] S2. Obtain the standard quantity of all store levels and the available quantity of stores for the products to be replenished;

[0054] S3, calculating the required replenishment quantity of the to-be-replenished product in each store according to the standard quantity of all store levels of the to-be-replenished product and the available quantity of the store;

[0055] S4. Filter and adjust the replenishment quantity required for each store to obtain the replenishment quantity of the goods to be replenished.

[0056] In step S3 of this embodiment, the required replenishment quantity of the commodity to be replenished in each store is calculated based on the standard quantity of all store levels and the available quantity of the store under the commodity to be replenished:

[0057] S301. Calculate the store replenishment quantity β of the product to be replenished. The formula is as follows:

[0058]

[0059]

[0060] Where N represents a store; f(x N ) represents the standard amount of store-level placement; represents the average transaction rate of the store; n represents the number of days; represents the average transaction rate of stores in the same region; a represents the next store in the same region; j N Indicates that the store has sales data base; k N Indicates that the store has no sales data base; m N represents the product replenishment cycle; f(n N ) represents the available quantity of goods; f(p N ) represents the quantity in transit; q N represents safety stock;

[0061] S302, the replenishment quantity data set of each store is used to form a total commodity replenishment quantity set {β (1) ,β (2) ,…β (n)}.

[0062] In step S4 of this embodiment, the required replenishment quantity of each store is filtered and adjusted to obtain the replenishment quantity of the goods to be replenished as follows:

[0063] From the total commodity replenishment quantity set {β (1) ,β (2) ,…β (n)}Select the replenishment quantity within the restriction conditions and obtain the replenishment quantity achieved by all stores {αβ (1) ,αβ (2) ,…αβ (n)}.

[0064] The constraints in this embodiment are expressed as a set {α (1) ,α (2) ,α (3) , …α (n)};

[0065] Among them, α (1) Indicates whether the store is a blacklist store. Blacklist stores do not participate in replenishment;

[0066] α (2) It means that if the store fails to calculate the store delivery standard, it will not participate in replenishment;

[0067] α (3) Indicates the upper and lower limits of the store-level delivery standards set based on the corresponding store type. If it is higher than the upper limit, the store-level delivery standard quantity will take the upper limit value; if it is lower than the lower limit, the store-level delivery standard quantity will take the lower limit value;

[0068] α (n) It means that if the store average transaction rate or the city average transaction rate is 0, the store will not participate in replenishment.

[0069] Embodiment 2:

[0070] This embodiment provides a dynamic replenishment system based on sales and inventory, the system comprising:

[0071] Selection module, used to select the goods to be replenished;

[0072] The delivery quantity acquisition module is used to obtain the delivery standard quantity of all store levels and the available delivery quantity of the store under the product to be replenished;

[0073] The replenishment quantity acquisition module is used to calculate the replenishment quantity required for the to-be-replenished product in each store based on the standard quantity of all store levels under the to-be-replenished product and the available quantity of the store;

[0074] The filtering and adjustment module is used to filter and adjust the replenishment quantity required for each store and obtain the replenishment quantity of the goods to be replenished.

[0075] The replenishment quantity acquisition module in this embodiment includes:

[0076] The replenishment quantity calculation submodule is used to calculate the store replenishment quantity β of the goods to be replenished. The formula is as follows:

[0077]

[0078] Where N represents a store; f(x N ) represents the standard amount of store-level placement; represents the average transaction rate of the store; n represents the number of days; represents the average transaction rate of stores in the same region; a represents the next store in the same region; j N Indicates that the store has sales data base; k N Indicates that the store has no sales data base; m N represents the product replenishment cycle; f(n N ) represents the available quantity of goods; f(p N ) represents the quantity in transit; q N represents safety stock;

[0079] The replenishment quantity collection acquisition submodule is used to form a total commodity replenishment quantity collection {β (1) ,β (2) ,…β (n)}.

[0080] The filtering and adjustment module in this embodiment is a set of total commodity replenishment quantities {β (1) ,β (2) ,…β (n)}Select the replenishment quantity within the restriction conditions and obtain the replenishment quantity achieved by all stores {αβ (1) ,αβ (2) ,…αβ (n)};

[0081] Among them, the constraints are represented as a set {α (1) ,α (2) ,α (3) , …α (n)};

[0082] Among them, α (1) Indicates whether the store is a blacklist store. Blacklist stores do not participate in replenishment;

[0083] α (2) It means that if the store fails to calculate the store delivery standard, it will not participate in replenishment;

[0084] α (3)Indicates the upper and lower limits of the store-level delivery standards set based on the corresponding store type. If it is higher than the upper limit, the store-level delivery standard quantity will take the upper limit value; if it is lower than the lower limit, the store-level delivery standard quantity will take the lower limit value;

[0085] α (n) It means that if the store average transaction rate or the city average transaction rate is 0, the store will not participate in replenishment.

[0086] Embodiment 3:

[0087] This embodiment also provides an electronic device, including: a memory and a processor;

[0088] Wherein, the memory stores computer-executable instructions;

[0089] The processor executes the computer-executable instructions stored in the memory, so that the processor executes the dynamic replenishment method based on sales and inventory in any embodiment of the present invention.

[0090] The processor may be a central processing unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSP), application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. The processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor, etc.

[0091] The memory can be used to store computer programs and / or modules. The processor realizes various functions of the electronic device by running or executing the computer programs and / or modules stored in the memory, and calling the data stored in the memory. The memory can mainly include a program storage area and a data storage area, wherein the program storage area can store an operating system, at least one application required for a function, etc.; the data storage area can store data created according to the use of the terminal, etc. In addition, the memory can also include a high-speed random access memory, and can also include a non-volatile memory, such as a hard disk, a memory, a plug-in hard disk, a smart memory card (SMC), a secure digital (SD) card, a flash memory card, at least one disk storage period, a flash memory device, or other volatile solid-state storage devices.

[0092] Embodiment 4:

[0093] This embodiment also provides a computer-readable storage medium, in which a plurality of instructions are stored, and the instructions are loaded by a processor, so that the processor executes the dynamic replenishment method based on sales and inventory in any embodiment of the present invention. Specifically, a system or device equipped with a storage medium can be provided, on which a software program code that implements the functions of any of the above embodiments is stored, and a computer (or CPU or MPU) of the system or device reads and executes the program code stored in the storage medium.

[0094] In this case, the program code itself read from the storage medium can realize the function of any one of the above-mentioned embodiments, and thus the program code and the storage medium storing the program code constitute a part of the present invention.

[0095] The storage medium embodiments for providing the program code include a floppy disk, a hard disk, a magneto-optical disk, an optical disk (such as CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW, DVD-ROM, DVD-RYM, DVD-RW, DVD+RW), a magnetic tape, a non-volatile memory card, and a ROM. Alternatively, the program code can be downloaded from a server computer via a communication network.

[0096] In addition, it should be clear that the functions of any of the above embodiments can be implemented not only by executing the program code read by the computer, but also by enabling an operating system operating on the computer to complete part or all of the actual operations based on instructions from the program code.

[0097] In addition, it can be understood that the program code read from the storage medium is written to a memory provided in an expansion board inserted into the computer or written to a memory provided in an expansion unit connected to the computer, and then based on the instructions of the program code, a CPU installed on the expansion board or the expansion unit is enabled to perform part or all of the actual operations, thereby realizing the functions of any of the above-mentioned embodiments.

[0098] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dynamic replenishment method based on sales and inventory, characterized in that: This method is to collect the sales data and inventory information of the goods sold in each store of the enterprise, analyze the sales data and inventory information of the goods sold in each store to obtain the corresponding sales situation, and then customize the store's custom replenishment strategy, which in turn promotes the growth of sales data; at the same time, the replenishment strategy is repeatedly updated according to the sales data to make the sales strategy more in line with the replenishment needs of each store.

2. The dynamic replenishment method based on sales and inventory according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method is as follows: Select the product to be restocked; Get the standard quantity of all store levels and available quantity of the goods to be replenished; Calculate the required replenishment quantity of the to-be-replenished product in each store based on the standard quantity of all store levels under the to-be-replenished product and the available quantity of the store; Filter and adjust the replenishment quantity required for each store to obtain the replenishment quantity of the goods to be replenished.

3. The dynamic replenishment method based on sales and inventory according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: Calculate the required replenishment quantity of the goods to be replenished in each store based on the standard quantity of all store levels and the available quantity of the store under the goods to be replenished: Calculate the store replenishment quantity β of the goods to be replenished, the formula is as follows: Where N represents a store; f(x N ) represents the standard amount of store-level placement; represents the average transaction rate of the store; n represents the number of days; represents the average transaction rate of stores in the same region; a represents the next store in the same region; j N Indicates that the store has sales data base; k N Indicates that the store has no sales data base; m N represents the product replenishment cycle; f(n N ) represents the available quantity of goods; f(p N ) represents the quantity in transit; q N represents safety stock; The replenishment quantity data set of each store constitutes the total commodity replenishment quantity set {β (1) , β (2) , .....β (n) }.

4. The dynamic replenishment method based on sales and inventory according to claim 3 is characterized in that: Filter and adjust the replenishment quantity required for each store to obtain the replenishment quantity of the goods to be replenished as follows: From the total commodity replenishment quantity set {β (1) , β (2) , .....β (n) }Select the replenishment quantity within the restriction conditions and obtain the replenishment quantity achieved by all stores {αβ (1) , αβ (2) , .....αβ (n) }.

5. The dynamic replenishment method based on sales and inventory according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The constraints are represented as a set {α (1) , α (2) , α (3) , .....α (n) }; Among them, α (1) Indicates whether the store is a blacklist store. Blacklist stores do not participate in replenishment; α (2) It means that if the store fails to calculate the store delivery standard, it will not participate in replenishment; α (3) Indicates the upper and lower limits of the store-level delivery standards set based on the corresponding store type. If it is higher than the upper limit, the store-level delivery standard quantity will take the upper limit value; if it is lower than the lower limit, the store-level delivery standard quantity will take the lower limit value; α(n) means that if the store average transaction rate or the city average transaction rate is 0, it will not participate in replenishment.

6. A dynamic replenishment system based on sales and inventory, characterized in that: The system includes: Selection module, used to select the goods to be replenished; The delivery quantity acquisition module is used to obtain the delivery standard quantity of all store levels and the available delivery quantity of the store under the product to be replenished; The replenishment quantity acquisition module is used to calculate the replenishment quantity required for the to-be-replenished product in each store based on the standard quantity of all store levels under the to-be-replenished product and the available quantity of the store; The filtering and adjustment module is used to filter and adjust the replenishment quantity required for each store and obtain the replenishment quantity of the goods to be replenished.

7. The dynamic replenishment system based on sales and inventory according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The replenishment quantity acquisition module includes: The replenishment quantity calculation submodule is used to calculate the store replenishment quantity β of the goods to be replenished. The formula is as follows: Where N represents a store; f(x N ) represents the standard amount of store-level placement; represents the average transaction rate of the store; n represents the number of days; represents the average transaction rate of stores in the same region; a represents the next store in the same region; j N Indicates that the store has sales data base; k N Indicates that the store has no sales data base; m N represents the product replenishment cycle; f(n N ) represents the available quantity of goods; f(p N ) represents the quantity in transit; q N represents safety stock; The replenishment quantity collection acquisition submodule is used to form a total commodity replenishment quantity collection {β (1) , β (2) , …β (n) }.

8. The dynamic replenishment system based on sales and inventory according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that: The filtering and adjustment module is a set of total product replenishment quantities {β (1) , β (2) , .....β (n) }Select the replenishment quantity within the restriction conditions and obtain the replenishment quantity achieved by all stores {αβ (1) , αβ (2) , .....αβ (n) }; Among them, the constraints are represented as a set {α (1) , α (2) , α (3) , .....α (n) }; Among them, α (1) Indicates whether the store is a blacklist store. Blacklist stores do not participate in replenishment; α(2) means that if the store fails to calculate the store delivery standard, it will not participate in replenishment; α(3) represents the upper and lower limits of the store-level delivery standard set based on the corresponding store type. If it is higher than the upper limit, the store-level delivery standard quantity takes its upper limit value; if it is lower than the lower limit, the store-level delivery standard quantity takes its lower limit value; α(n) means that if the store average transaction rate or the city average transaction rate is 0, it will not participate in replenishment.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that: include: memory and at least one processor; Wherein, the memory stores a computer program; The at least one processor executes the computer program stored in the memory, so that the at least one processor performs the sales and inventory-based dynamic replenishment method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, which can be executed by a processor to implement the sales-and-inventory-based dynamic replenishment method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.