Feed for increasing dark red body color of goldfish and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a feed for increasing dark red body color of goldfish and a preparation method of the feed, and relates to the field of fish feeds. The feed comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 1-20% of fish meal, 5-20% of euphausia superba powder, 5-30% of corn flour, 2-20% of chrysanthemum powder, 10-30% of flour, 10-20% of vital gluten, 1-5% of bee pollen, 1-10% of carrot powder, 3-20% of chili meal, 0.1-3% of astaxanthin, 1-10% of spirulina, 1-10% of haematococcus pluvialis, 1-10% of phaffia rubra, 1-8% of fish oil and 0.1-3% of choline chloride. 0.01-3% of composite vitamins and 0.01-5% of composite minerals. After the feed is fed for a long time, the red brilliance and the brightness of the body color of the dark red goldfish can be improved, and the dark red goldfish can present a more beautiful swimming posture and a ruddy color.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of fish feed, in particular to a feed that increases the deep red body color of goldfish and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] As an important part of the global ornamental fishery, goldfish farming has attracted much attention for its current status and development trend. Globally, goldfish farming has formed a considerable scale, and the development of the goldfish farming industry is particularly remarkable. The diversity of goldfish varieties also provides strong support for the prosperity of its farming industry. Each variety has its own unique appearance characteristics and graceful posture, which meets the aesthetic needs of different consumers. Among them, red goldfish occupies an important proportion and position in the ornamental fish market. The genetic stability of deep red body color is an important issue in goldfish breeding. Through traditional breeding methods, the deep red body color can be maintained to a certain extent, but this stability is often difficult to maintain for a long time. The body color variation in the offspring is large, and many light red or variegated goldfish appear, thus losing their ornamental value. Secondly, the body color of goldfish is greatly affected by environmental factors such as water quality, light, temperature, etc. Changes in these factors may lead to the instability of the red body color, and even fading, lightening, and whitening. Secondly, goldfish with red body color may be more susceptible to certain diseases, such as fungal infection, bacterial infection, etc. These diseases not only affect the health of goldfish, but also affect the brightness of their body color. In addition, because goldfish are artificially bred, water quality, water temperature, and light can be well controlled under artificial breeding conditions. The goldfish feed becomes the only food source for goldfish, and the nutritional components and functional nutrients in the feed have a vital impact on the body color of goldfish.

[0003] The special feed for red goldfish currently on the market has poor effect on changing the body color of deep red goldfish after long-term feeding, and the brightness cannot be improved. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a feed for increasing the deep red body color of goldfish. Long-term feeding of the feed can improve the red splendour and brightness of the deep red body color of the goldfish, allowing the goldfish to present a more graceful swimming posture and a ruddy color.

[0005] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing feed for increasing the deep red body color of goldfish, by crushing the raw materials into fine powder and then expanding and granulating, which is beneficial for goldfish to absorb the nutrients in the feed.

[0006] The present invention solves the technical problem by adopting the following technical solutions.

[0007] On the one hand, an embodiment of the present invention provides a feed for increasing the deep red body color of goldfish, which includes the following raw materials by mass fraction: 1-20% fish meal, 5-20% Antarctic krill meal, 5-30% corn flour, 2-20% chrysanthemum powder, 10-30% flour, 10-20% gluten, 1-5% bee pollen, 1-10% carrot powder, 3-20% chili meal, 0.1-3% astaxanthin, 1-10% spirulina, 1-10% Haematococcus pluvialis, 1-10% crimson yeast, 1-8% fish oil, 0.1-3% choline chloride, 0.01-3% complex vitamins, and 0.01-5% complex minerals.

[0008] In some embodiments of the present invention, the following raw materials are included by mass fraction: 5% fish meal, 5% Antarctic krill meal, 8% corn meal, 15% chrysanthemum powder, 26% flour, 10% gluten powder, 1% bee pollen, 10% carrot powder, 3% chili meal, 0.5% astaxanthin, 3% spirulina, 3% Haematococcus pluvialis, 4% crimson yeast, 5% fish oil, 1% choline chloride, 0.2% multivitamins, and 0.3% multiminerals.

[0009] In some embodiments of the present invention, the raw materials include the following by mass fraction: 10% fish meal, 12% Antarctic krill meal, 8% corn meal, 7% chrysanthemum powder, 12% flour, 14% gluten powder, 5% bee pollen, 3% carrot powder, 5% chili meal, 2% astaxanthin, 5% spirulina, 6% Haematococcus pluvialis, 2% Phaffia rubrum, 6% fish oil, 2% choline chloride, 0.6% multivitamins, and 0.4% multiminerals.

[0010] In some embodiments of the present invention, the raw materials include the following by mass fraction: 15% fish meal, 15% Antarctic krill meal, 18% corn flour, 2% chrysanthemum powder, 10% flour, 12% gluten powder, 2% bee pollen, 2% carrot powder, 14% chili meal, 1% astaxanthin, 2% spirulina, 2% Haematococcus pluvialis, 1% Phaffia rubrum, 2% fish oil, 0.5% choline chloride, 1% multivitamins, and 0.5% multiminerals.

[0011] The effects of the raw materials in the feed for increasing the deep red body color of goldfish provided by the present invention are as follows:

[0012] Fish meal, which is rich in protein, can provide high-quality protein and balanced amino acids; increase the appetizing properties of feed; reduce the feed coefficient and promote the growth and development of goldfish.

[0013] Antarctic krill powder is a high-quality animal protein that contains saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and mainly exists in the form of phospholipid binding. It is rich in astaxanthin, which can increase the color brightness of goldfish.

[0014] Corn flour is a rich source of carbohydrates and provides energy. It contains a high amount of B vitamins (such as vitamin B1 and niacin), which play an important role in the health of the nervous system and heart. It is rich in zeaxanthin, lutein, and carotenoids. Goldfish can use these nutrients in corn to convert them into astaxanthin, which can enhance the redness of their body color through nutritional digestion and absorption.

[0015] Chrysanthemum powder, the present invention uses marigold powder, which is rich in natural vitamin E, carotenoids, adenine, choline, stachydrine, flavonoids and multiple vitamins, effectively prevents the occurrence of fatty liver, and has a good effect on the body color of goldfish

[0016] Flour is low-cost and provides goldfish with rich carbohydrates. It is an important source of energy for goldfish. It can increase the hardness of puffed feed and reduce the breakage rate of feed after entering water.

[0017] Gluten provides natural wheat protein; rich glutamic acid can regulate immunity, improve fish vitality, and make the body color healthy; it is beneficial to the molding of puffed feed, increase the elasticity of puffed feed, enhance the water absorption of feed, and reduce the powdering rate of feed.

[0018] Bee pollen can increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes and nonspecific immunity of fish, protect internal organs, and improve the body color and shape of goldfish.

[0019] Carrot powder is a rich source of β-carotene, a precursor of vitamin A. It has the activity of vitamin A and can be digested and hydrolyzed into vitamin A after being absorbed. It protects the health of the epidermis and scales and can also increase the precipitation of epidermal yellow pigment.

[0020] Chili meal, a low-cost functional raw material, contains a small amount of red pigment, capsaicin, capsanthin, carotene, zeaxanthin, VC and capsaicinoids. It can make goldfish bright in color, prevent common diseases, increase normal intestinal flora and reduce the incidence of enteritis.

[0021] Astaxanthin, a type of carotenoid, can make the goldfish's body color bright red. When astaxanthin-rich substances are added to the feed, the pigment particles in the goldfish's body will be concentrated and dispersed, making the body color more rosy. Astaxanthin has a strong antioxidant capacity, which can effectively remove free radicals, reduce cell damage and chronic inflammation, thereby enhancing the immunity of goldfish. At the same time, astaxanthin can also promote the metabolism and growth and development of goldfish, and improve their overall health level.

[0022] Spirulina, which contains a large amount of natural pigments, can improve the skin color and meat quality of goldfish.

[0023] Haematococcus pluvialis, as a natural algae, is rich in protein, multiple amino acids, vitamins and minerals, which can provide goldfish with more comprehensive nutritional support. It contains a large amount of natural β-carotene, carotenoids, etc., has strong antioxidant capacity, enhances immunity, and improves the health of the body scales.

[0024] Crimson Phaffia yeast is rich in natural astaxanthin, which can significantly improve the body color of goldfish. Astaxanthin in goldfish can be deposited in the form of esterification, which increases the pigment content in all parts of the fish body, making the body color of goldfish more vivid and eye-catching. Crimson Phaffia yeast can increase the activity of goldfish digestive enzymes, thereby improving the utilization rate of feed, allowing goldfish to absorb nutrients more efficiently and grow faster.

[0025] Fish oil, an important lipid substance, saves protein, provides energy, provides unsaturated fatty acids, and is an important carrier of fat-soluble vitamins and pigment cells.

[0026] Choline chloride promotes fat metabolism, prevents fatty liver, and promotes the growth and differentiation of somatic cells.

[0027] Multivitamins, balance and supplement the vitamin content in feed.

[0028] Complex minerals, balanced supplement of mineral and trace element content in feed.

[0029] On the other hand, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing a feed for increasing the deep red body color of goldfish, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

[0030] S1, crushing and mixing the other raw materials except the fish oil to obtain raw material powder;

[0031] S2, feeding the raw material powder into an extruder, extruding and granulating, and drying to obtain extruded granules;

[0032] S3, sending the expanded particles into an oil spraying drum, spraying fish oil on the surface of the expanded particles, cooling to room temperature, and obtaining the feed.

[0033] In some embodiments of the present invention, in step S2, the water content of the expanded particles is less than 8%.

[0034] In some embodiments of the present invention, in step S1, the particle size of the raw material powder is less than 80 mesh.

[0035] In some embodiments of the present invention, in step S3, the puffing temperature is 110-130° C., and the puffing pressure is 30 standard atmospheres.

[0036] Compared with the prior art, the embodiments of the present invention have at least the following advantages or beneficial effects:

[0037] The feed for increasing the deep red body color of goldfish provided by the present invention can improve the red brilliance and brightness of the deep red body color of goldfish by feeding the feed for a long time, so that the deep red goldfish can present a more graceful swimming posture and a ruddy color. Specifically, the feed for increasing the deep red body color of goldfish provided by the present invention can improve the red brilliance and brightness of the deep red body color of goldfish by feeding the feed for a long time, so that the deep red goldfish can present a more graceful swimming posture and a ruddy color. Specifically, the feed of the present invention uses fish meal, shrimp meal, corn meal, chrysanthemum powder, flour and the like as main raw materials, provides the fish with rich protein, essential amino acids and sufficient fat, satisfies the nutrition, energy and lipid-powered transportation of pigment substances digested and absorbed by the goldfish, and is supplemented with functional color-enhancing raw materials such as carrot powder, chili meal, astaxanthin, spirulina, Haematococcus pluvialis, Phaffia rubra and the like. From the sufficient supply of β-carotene and other carotenoids, which are precursors of astaxanthin, for the self-synthesis of the goldfish body, to the direct supply of natural astaxanthin in Haematococcus pluvialis to promote absorption and utilization, the red pigment substance of canthaxanthin in Phaffia rubra is metabolically transported in the goldfish body and accumulated and precipitated on the body scales, all links are working synergistically, continuously enhancing the red body color of the goldfish, making the goldfish body color more bright red and gorgeous. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below. If the specific conditions are not specified in the embodiments, they are carried out according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. If the manufacturer of the reagents or instruments used is not specified, they are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially.

[0039] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0040] The features and performance of the present invention are further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0041] Example 1

[0042] The goldfish feed of this embodiment is prepared according to the following ratio and method:

[0043] Fish meal 5%, Antarctic krill meal 5%, corn meal 8%, chrysanthemum powder 15%, flour 26%, gluten powder 10%, bee pollen 1%, carrot powder 10%, chili meal 3%, astaxanthin 0.5%, spirulina 3%, Haematococcus pluvialis 3%, Phaffia rubrum 4%, fish oil 5%, choline chloride 1%, multivitamins 0.2%, multiminerals 0.3%.

[0044] Preparation method:

[0045] S1, crushing the raw materials except fish oil, passing through an 80-mesh sieve, crushing and sieving the upper part, and mixing the part under the sieve evenly to obtain raw material powder;

[0046] S2, feeding the raw material powder into an extruder, performing extrusion granulation at a temperature of 120° C. and an extrusion pressure of 30 standard atmospheres, and drying the extruded powder to a moisture content of 5% to obtain extruded particles;

[0047] S3, sending the expanded particles into an oil spraying drum, spraying fish oil on the surface of the expanded particles, cooling to room temperature, and obtaining feed.

[0048] Example 2

[0049] The goldfish feed of this embodiment is prepared according to the following ratio and method:

[0050] Fish meal 10%, Antarctic krill meal 12%, corn meal 8%, chrysanthemum powder 7%, flour 12%, gluten powder 14%, bee pollen 5%, carrot powder 3%, chili meal 5%, astaxanthin 2%, spirulina 5%, Haematococcus pluvialis 6%, Phaffia rubrum 2%, fish oil 6%, choline chloride 2%, multivitamins 0.6%, multiminerals 0.4%.

[0051] Preparation method:

[0052] S1, crushing the raw materials except fish oil, passing through an 80-mesh sieve, crushing and sieving the upper part, and mixing the part under the sieve evenly to obtain raw material powder;

[0053] S2, feeding the raw material powder into an extruder, performing extrusion granulation at a temperature of 110° C. and an extrusion pressure of 30 standard atmospheres, and drying the extruded powder to a moisture content of 7% to obtain extruded particles;

[0054] S3, sending the expanded particles into an oil spraying drum, spraying fish oil on the surface of the expanded particles, cooling to room temperature, and obtaining feed.

[0055] Example 3

[0056] The goldfish feed of this embodiment is prepared according to the following ratio and method:

[0057] Fish meal 15%, Antarctic krill meal 15%, corn meal 18%, chrysanthemum powder 2%, flour 10%, gluten powder 12%, bee pollen 2%, carrot powder 2%, chili meal 14%, astaxanthin 1%, spirulina 2%, Haematococcus pluvialis 2%, Phaffia rubrum 1%, fish oil 2%, choline chloride 0.5%, multivitamins 1%, multiminerals 0.5%

[0058] Preparation method:

[0059] S1, crushing the raw materials except fish oil, passing through an 80-mesh sieve, crushing and sieving the upper part, and mixing the part under the sieve evenly to obtain raw material powder;

[0060] S2, feeding the raw material powder into an extruder, performing extrusion granulation at a temperature of 130° C. and an extrusion pressure of 30 standard atmospheres, and drying the extruded powder to a moisture content of 4% to obtain extruded particles;

[0061] S3, sending the expanded particles into an oil spraying drum, spraying fish oil on the surface of the expanded particles, cooling to room temperature, and obtaining feed.

[0062] The raw material ratios of Examples 1-3 are shown in Table 1:

[0063] Table 1 Raw material ratio of Examples 1-3 (mass percentage %)

[0064]

[0065]

[0066] Experimental example

[0067] The experimental fish were 90 red goldfish purchased from the same batch of ornamental fish farms, with a body length of about 13 cm, active feeding and healthy physique. Divided into 3 groups, each group of 30 red goldfish, after 5 days of temporary breeding, began to feed with fullness, the test period was 30 days, during which the natural water temperature was about 21 ° C, and only water was replenished without changing water throughout the whole process. Group 1 was fed with red goldfish reddening feed produced according to the formula of Example 2; Group 2 and Group 3 were respectively fed with 2 goldfish feeds purchased on the market. Among them, the feed fed by Group 2 was one of the special feeds for butterfly carp with relatively large sales on the online shopping platform, and the product name was: Special body enhancement and color enhancement type for goldfish. Its ingredient list is: high-quality fish meal, spirulina, soy protein powder, soy lecithin, natural astaxanthin, natural carotene, organic yeast powder, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, complex vitamins, vitamins, minerals, seaweed polysaccharides, immune substances, etc. The feed fed by Group 3 was one of the special feeds for butterfly carp with relatively large sales on the online shopping platform, and the product name was: Goldfish boutique nutritious staple food. Its ingredients list is: high-quality fish meal, shrimp meal, soy protein, soy lecithin, algae, refined fish oil, yeast, multiple vitamins, minerals, methionine, lysine, and active health ingredients.

[0068] At the beginning of the experiment, the body color of the goldfish was measured at the center of the fish body, between the dorsal fin and the abdomen. Three values, L, a, and b, were obtained at each measuring point (the L value represents the degree of black and white. The larger the L value, the brighter the color appears, and the smaller the L value, the darker the color appears; the a value represents the degree of redness and greenness. The larger the a value, the more the color tends to red, and the smaller the a value, the more the color tends to green; the b value represents the degree of yellowness and blueness. The larger the b value, the more the color tends to yellow, and the smaller the b value, the more the color tends to blue).

[0069] After the experiment, the same colorimeter was used, the same time period was conducted, and the same person was used to measure the body color of the red goldfish. The body surface data before and after feeding were obtained, as shown in Table 2.

[0070] Table 2 Body color data before and after feeding

[0071]

[0072] Note: Different superscript letters in the table indicate significant differences in the numbers in the same column (P < 0.05).

[0073] Statistical results show that the a values ​​of the above three experimental groups are as follows: a value of Group 1 > a value of Group 3 > a value of Group 2. The a value of Group 1 increased by the most to 6.26, and the a value of Group 3 increased by the least to 1.15. The data of Group 1 were significantly different from those of Group 2 and Group 3, while the data of Group 2 and Group 3 were not significantly different. This proves that the feed of Group 1 has a significant effect on enhancing the red color of goldfish's body color, and the effect is higher than that of Group 2 and Group 3. There is no significant difference between Group 2 and Group 3.

[0074] The comparison of L values ​​of the above three experimental groups is: L value of group 2> L value of group 3> L value of group 1, the L value of group 1 decreased by 7.5 at most, and the L value of group 2 decreased by 2.48 at least, and the L data of these three groups were significantly different from each other, proving that the feed of group 1 had a significant effect of darkening the brightness of goldfish body color, and the effect was higher than that of group 2 and group 3. There was no significant difference between group 2 and group 3;

[0075] The b values ​​of the three experimental groups mentioned above were significantly different from each other at the beginning and at the end of the experiment, and the comparability was not great. However, it can be analyzed from the difference in the average values ​​that the b value of Group 1 increased the most, 2.41, followed by Group 2, and finally Group 3 was -1.32, indicating that the body color of Groups 1 and 2 increased the chromaticity of the red and yellow system, and the increase in Group 1 was the highest. The body color of Group 3 showed a downward trend.

[0076] The experimental results show that the goldfish feed of Group 1, i.e., the goldfish feed produced by the feed formula of Example 2 of the present invention, has a strong effect of deepening and reddening the red body color of the goldfish and a strong effect of reducing the brightness of the body surface, thereby better highlighting the effect of the goldfish body color becoming deeper red.

[0077] In summary, the feed for increasing the deep red body color of goldfish provided by the present invention can improve the red saturation and brightness of the deep red body color of goldfish by long-term feeding, so that the deep red goldfish can present a more graceful swimming posture and ruddy color.

[0078] The embodiments described above are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. The detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention claimed for protection, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A feed that increases the deep red color of goldfish, characterized in that: The following raw materials are included by mass fraction: fish meal 1-20%, Antarctic krill meal 5-20%, corn flour 5-30%, chrysanthemum powder 2-20%, flour 10-30%, gluten powder 10-20%, bee pollen 1-5%, carrot powder 1-10%, chili meal 3-20%, astaxanthin 0.1-3%, spirulina 1-10%, Haematococcus pluvialis 1-10%, Phaffia crimson yeast 1-10%, fish oil 1-8%, choline chloride 0.1-3%, complex vitamins 0.01-3%, and complex minerals 0.01-5%.

2. The feed for increasing the deep red body color of goldfish according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following raw materials are included by mass fraction: Fish meal 5%, Antarctic krill meal 5%, corn meal 8%, chrysanthemum powder 15%, flour 26%, gluten powder 10%, bee pollen 1%, carrot powder 10%, chili meal 3%, astaxanthin 0.5%, spirulina 3%, Haematococcus pluvialis 3%, Phaffia rubrum 4%, fish oil 5%, choline chloride 1%, multivitamins 0.2%, multiminerals 0.3%.

3. The feed for increasing the deep red body color of goldfish according to claim 1, characterized in that: The raw materials include the following by mass fraction: Fish meal 10%, Antarctic krill meal 12%, corn meal 8%, chrysanthemum powder 7%, flour 12%, gluten powder 14%, bee pollen 5%, carrot powder 3%, chili meal 5%, astaxanthin 2%, spirulina 5%, Haematococcus pluvialis 6%, Phaffia rubrum 2%, fish oil 6%, choline chloride 2%, multivitamins 0.6%, multiminerals 0.4%.

4. The feed for increasing the deep red body color of goldfish according to claim 1, characterized in that: The raw materials include the following by mass fraction: Fish meal 15%, Antarctic krill meal 15%, corn meal 18%, chrysanthemum powder 2%, flour 10%, gluten powder 12%, bee pollen 2%, carrot powder 2%, chili meal 14%, astaxanthin 1%, spirulina 2%, Haematococcus pluvialis 2%, Phaffia rubrum 1%, fish oil 2%, choline chloride 0.5%, multivitamins 1%, multiminerals 0.5%.

5. A method for preparing a feed for increasing the deep red body color of goldfish as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, crushing and mixing the other raw materials except the fish oil to obtain raw material powder; S2, feeding the raw material powder into an extruder, extruding and granulating, and drying to obtain extruded granules; S3, sending the expanded particles into an oil spraying drum, spraying fish oil on the surface of the expanded particles, cooling to room temperature, and obtaining the feed.

6. The method for preparing a feed for increasing the deep red body color of goldfish according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S2, the water content of the expanded particles is less than 8%.

7. The method for preparing a feed for increasing the deep red body color of goldfish according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the step S1, the particle size of the raw material powder is less than 80 meshes.

8. The method for preparing a feed for increasing the deep red body color of goldfish according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S3, the puffing temperature is 110-130° C., and the puffing pressure is 30 standard atmospheres.

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