Anchoring quality nondestructive testing method based on dynamic parameters in anchoring process of anchor rod

Abstract

The invention relates to an anchoring quality nondestructive testing method based on dynamic parameters in an anchoring process of an anchor rod. The anchoring quality nondestructive testing method comprises three steps of equipment preparation, data acquisition and data analysis. According to the invention, the structure of the detection equipment is effectively simplified, the operation convenience and operation flexibility are improved, the requirements of detection operation in different environments are effectively met, the time is saved, the workload is reduced, and the result can be directly fed back to field staff.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a nondestructive detection method for anchoring quality based on dynamic parameters of an anchor bolt anchoring process, and belongs to the technical field of anchor bolt support. Background Art

[0002] During the anchoring process of resin anchor bolts, there are many types of defective anchoring, such as excessive stirring of anchoring agent, eccentricity of anchor bolts, and shortened anchoring length caused by loss of anchoring agent. At present, the non-destructive detection of anchor bolt anchoring quality is mainly based on the propagation characteristics of various waves in the anchor bolt body. Due to the complex and changeable environment of on-site anchor bolt construction, the propagation and analysis of waves are easily affected by factors such as construction conditions and environment. In addition, the detection using this method must lag behind the anchor bolt construction, and real-time detection cannot be achieved. Before the resin anchor bolt is anchored, the anchoring agent is placed in the pre-drilled anchor hole, and the anchor bolt drill is started to drive the anchor bolt to rotate at high speed and apply axial thrust. The anchor bolt begins to penetrate the anchoring agent. At this time, the high-speed rotating anchor bolt is bound to be affected by the reaction force of the anchor bolt, so that the drilling speed and rotation speed of the anchor bolt are subject to different degrees of change. However, in actual construction and research, there is currently a lack of a simulation detection method that is convenient and reliable to operate, has good versatility, high detection efficiency and accuracy, and low maintenance cost.

[0003] Therefore, based on the above situation, the present invention proposes a non-destructive detection method for anchoring quality based on dynamic parameters of the anchor bolt anchoring process to meet the needs of actual work. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to address the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a nondestructive testing method for anchoring quality based on the dynamic parameters of the anchor bolt anchoring process. The method can utilize the anchor bolt rotation speed and drilling speed data monitored during the anchor bolt penetration of the resin anchoring agent to determine the type of anchoring defects and evaluate the anchor bolt anchoring quality. The present invention can provide technical support for improving the anchor bolt support effect and the efficiency of anchoring quality testing.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A nondestructive testing method for anchoring quality based on dynamic parameters of anchor bolt anchoring process comprises the following steps:

[0007] S1, equipment preparation. First, according to the needs of the detection operation, on the one hand, the resin anchoring agent for the experiment is configured and pre-placed in the experimental container for standby; on the other hand, according to the characteristics of the resin anchoring agent and the actual construction parameters during the anchoring operation, the anchoring simulation equipment that meets the detection needs is selected, and a data connection is established between the anchoring simulation equipment and the external data processing server;

[0008] S2. Data collection: After completing step S1, assemble and position the anchor rod for testing between the anchoring simulation device. Then start the anchoring simulation device, causing the anchor rod for testing to drill into the resin anchoring agent set in step S1 under the drive of the anchoring simulation device. During the drilling process of the anchor rod, synchronously collect data with the data collection device and transmit the collected data to an external data server for storage.

[0009] S3. Data analysis: After completing the drilling simulation and when the drive of the simulation device stops working, input each piece of collected data into the intelligent learning algorithm built into the external data processing server for in-depth data classification. Then use the embedded calculation formulas to calculate various types of data from the drilling to the curing stage of the anchor rod respectively. Finally, compare the calculated data with the data in the external data server to judge the possible types of anchoring defects and their corresponding probabilities, thus completing the non-destructive detection of the anchoring quality. In addition, input the data of each detection into the database for the external data server to conduct subsequent in-depth simulation learning and use it as the comparison data for subsequent detection operations.

[0010] Further, in step S1, the experimental container includes a bearing barrel, a sealing end cover, a protective bushing, fixed fins, pressure sensors, and terminal blocks. Among them, the bearing barrel is a cylindrical cavity structure with an axial cross-section in a "U" shape. Its upper end surface is connected to the sealing end cover to form a closed cavity structure. And there is an axial hole coaxial with the bearing barrel on the sealing end cover. The protective bushing is embedded in the axial hole and is coaxial with the axial hole. There are at least two fixed fins symmetrically distributed about the axis of the bearing barrel outside the bearing barrel. The plate surface of the fixed fins is parallel to the axis of the bearing barrel. At the same time, there are at least two through holes distributed from front to back along the axis of the bearing barrel on the fixed fins. And a pressure sensor is arranged in each through hole. The pressure sensor is coaxial with the through hole. At the same time, the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the pressure sensor exceed the upper end surface of the fixed fin by at least 1 mm respectively. At least one terminal block is connected to the outer side surface of the bearing barrel and is electrically connected to each pressure sensor and the anchoring simulation device through wires.

[0011] Further, in step S1, the anchoring simulation device includes a data collection device, an anchor rod drill, a connection mechanism, and a drive circuit. Among them, the data collection device and the anchor rod drill are connected by the connection mechanism and are coaxially distributed. The connection mechanism includes a protective shell, a transmission shaft, and a coupling. The two ends of the transmission shaft are respectively connected to the data collection device and the anchor rod drill through the coupling and are coaxially distributed. The protective shell is a cylindrical hollow columnar structure. Its two ends are respectively connected to the rear end surface of the data collection device and the front end surface of the anchor rod drill. The drive circuit is embedded in the protective shell and is electrically connected to the data collection device and the anchor rod drill respectively.

[0012] Furthermore, the data collection device includes a bearing shell, a detection shaft, a positioning plate, a bearing, a speed sensor, a distance sensor, and a terminal block, wherein the bearing shell is a closed cavity structure with a rectangular axial cross-section, and its outer side surface is connected to the anchor drilling rig through a connecting mechanism, and at the same time, the front end and rear end of the bearing shell are each provided with an axial hole coaxially distributed therewith, and a bearing coaxially distributed therewith is provided in the axial hole, the detection shaft is embedded in the bearing shell, and its two end surfaces are located outside the bearing shell through the axial holes and coaxially distributed with the bearing shell, and at the same time, the rear end surface of the detection shaft is connected to the transmission shaft of the connecting mechanism through a coupling, and the front end surface is connected to the external detection anchor through a coupling and coaxially distributed, and at least one positioning plate is embedded The positioning plate is a plate-like structure with a rectangular cross section, which is wrapped around the detection shaft and connected to the detection shaft through a bearing. The speed sensor is connected to the front end face of the positioning plate and to the outer side face of the detection shaft. The distance sensor is connected to the front end face of the positioning plate, and its optical axis is parallel to the detection shaft. At the same time, a through hole coaxially distributed with the distance sensor is provided on the front end face of the bearing shell corresponding to the distance sensor. The front end face and the rear end face of the detection shaft are both connected to the coupling and coaxially distributed. The speed sensor and the distance sensor are both electrically connected to the wiring terminals, and are electrically connected to the drive circuit through the wiring terminals, and the wiring terminals are connected to the outer side face of the bearing shell.

[0013] Furthermore, the external data processing server in steps S1 and S3 adopts an intelligent learning algorithm that is built based on the python language and runs in the configuration environment of anaconda.

[0014] Furthermore, when classifying the depth data in the S3 step, it is necessary to remove the data before the start of anchoring and after the end of anchoring; then the content calculated using the embedded calculation formula includes but is not limited to any one or more of the viscosity of the anchor agent in the anchor penetration stage, the viscosity time domain signal characteristic value, and the torque time domain signal characteristic value data.

[0015] Furthermore, the embedded calculation formula in step S3 is specifically:

[0016] The variation of viscosity with time is obtained according to the hole radius, anchor radius, rotation speed, viscous torque and anchoring length.

[0017] The speed can be calculated according to the following formula:

[0018] Where A is an expression for values ​​such as the radius of the anchoring agent and the radius of the anchor rod, C1 and C are coefficients, ω is the angular velocity of the anchor rod, v is the drilling speed of the anchor rod, η is the viscosity of the anchoring agent at time t, m is the viscous moment, and L is the anchor length;

[0019] Furthermore, the expression of A in the expression is:

[0020]

[0021] Where ω is the bolt angular velocity, A is the intersection cross-sectional area of ​​the bolt and the anchor, C1 and C are coefficients, v is the bolt drilling speed, η is the viscosity of the anchor at time t, m is the bolt mass, and L is the anchor length. α is the angle of the intersection sector of the bolt and the anchor cross-sectional area under eccentricity, β is the angle of the intersection sector of the anchor cross-sectional area under eccentricity, R is the radius of the anchor, r is the radius of the bolt, and P is the eccentricity.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following advantages:

[0023] 1. The nondestructive testing method for anchoring quality based on dynamic parameters of anchor bolt anchoring process performs nondestructive testing of anchoring quality while anchoring, which saves time, reduces workload, and can directly feed back the results to on-site staff; thereby, the anchor bolt rotation speed and drilling speed data monitored during the process of anchor bolt penetrating resin anchoring agent are used to judge the anchoring defect type and evaluate the anchor bolt anchoring quality. The present invention can provide technical support for improving the anchor bolt support effect and the anchoring quality testing efficiency.

[0024] 2. During the process of the anchor rod penetrating the anchoring agent, the real-time rotation speed of the anchor rod and its average value will be directly presented on the computer terminal. The anchoring effect of the anchoring agent can be judged by the change in rotation speed, which can better support the intelligent learning algorithm to make judgments and improve the accuracy of the results.

[0025] 3. The equipment included in the present invention has high accuracy and reliability, can adapt to detection under harsh conditions, and is not easily affected by environmental interference.

[0026] 4. The present invention effectively simplifies the structure of the detection equipment, improves the convenience and flexibility of operation, and effectively meets the needs of detection operations in different environments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments;

[0028] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the process of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the data analysis process;

[0030] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the partial structure of the experimental container in cross section;

[0031] Figure 4 It is a structural diagram of the anchoring simulation equipment;

[0032] Figure 5It is a schematic diagram of the partial structure of the cross-section of the connecting mechanism;

[0033] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the partial structure of the data collection device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] In order to facilitate the construction of the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific implementation methods.

[0035] like Figure 1-Figure 6 As shown, a nondestructive testing method for anchoring quality based on dynamic parameters of anchor bolt anchoring process comprises the following steps:

[0036] S1, equipment preparation. First, according to the needs of the detection operation, on the one hand, the resin anchoring agent for the experiment is configured and pre-placed in the experimental container for standby; on the other hand, according to the characteristics of the resin anchoring agent and the actual construction parameters during the anchoring operation, the anchoring simulation equipment that meets the detection needs is selected, and a data connection is established between the anchoring simulation equipment and the external data processing server;

[0037] S2, data collection, after completing step S1, assemble and position the detection anchor rod and the anchor simulation device, and then start the anchor simulation device, so that the detection anchor rod is driven by the anchor simulation device to drill into the resin anchoring agent set in step S1, and during the anchor rod drilling process, the data collection device is used to synchronously collect data, and the collected data is transmitted to the external data server for storage;

[0038] S3, data analysis, after the drilling simulation is completed and the simulation device driver stops working, the collected data are entered into the intelligent learning algorithm built into the external data processing server for deep data classification; then the embedded calculation formula is used to calculate various types of data of the anchor from the drilling to the solidification stage, and finally the calculated data is compared with the data of the external data server to determine the possible types of anchor defects and their corresponding probabilities, so as to complete the non-destructive testing of anchor quality. In addition, the data of each test is entered into the database for subsequent deep simulation learning by the external data server, and used as comparison data for subsequent testing operations.

[0039] In this embodiment, in the above steps S2 and S3, after the anchoring simulation device is started, torque and thrust are applied to the anchor rod to make the anchor rod penetrate the resin anchoring agent, and at the same time, the external data server receives the speed and displacement data. The speed sensor collects the corresponding speed data; the laser sensor collects the drilling displacement data; and outputs the time curve corresponding to each data. The recorded displacement data is transmitted to the calculation software, and the time derivative is calculated to obtain the drilling speed of the anchor rod at different times.

[0040] Transmit the obtained data, and then use Matlab to obtain the time-domain signal eigenvalues of the rotational speed and drilling speed. Then, by comparing with the data in the database, determine whether the anchoring effect is good anchoring or defective anchoring. If it is defective anchoring, use an intelligent algorithm to identify the type of defect. Through this technical solution, use the functional relationship between the rotational speed and drilling speed of the anchor rod to judge the anchoring effect.

[0041] Import the generated curve into the intelligent learning algorithm for in-depth data classification processing, and identify the type of anchoring defect. This in-depth data classification intelligent algorithm is built based on the Python language under the Anaconda configuration environment. After learning the existing data in the database, it forms a set of intelligent classification algorithms and uses this to process the curve. Because the data volume is huge, if we analyze the data manually and find the algorithms and correlations in it, it is obviously too time-consuming and labor-intensive. This intelligent learning algorithm can call the computer GPU for autonomous learning and summarize a unique classification method based on the data in the database. By calculating and comparing the magnitudes of different data and the fluctuation characteristics of their corresponding time-domain signal eigenvalues, the data is reasonably classified.

[0042] In this embodiment, in the S1 step, the experimental container includes a bearing barrel 101, a sealing end cover 102, a protective shaft sleeve 103, fixed wing plates 104, a pressure sensor 105, and a terminal 106. Among them, the bearing barrel 101 is a cylindrical cavity structure with an axial cross-section in the shape of "凵". Its upper end surface is connected to the sealing end cover 102 to form a closed cavity structure. And a shaft hole 107 coaxial with the bearing barrel 101 is provided on the sealing end cover 102. The protective shaft sleeve 103 is embedded in the shaft hole 107 and is coaxial with the shaft hole 107. At least two fixed wing plates 104 are provided outside the bearing barrel 101 and are symmetrically distributed about its axis. The plate surface of the fixed wing plate 104 is parallel to the axis of the bearing barrel 101. At the same time, at least two through holes 108 are distributed along the axis of the bearing barrel 101 from front to back on the fixed wing plate 104. And a pressure sensor 105 is provided in each through hole 108. The pressure sensor 105 is coaxial with the through hole 108. At the same time, the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the pressure sensor 105 respectively exceed the upper end surface of the fixed wing plate 104 by at least 1 mm. At least one of the terminals 106 is connected to the outer side surface of the bearing barrel 101 and is electrically connected to each pressure sensor 105 and the anchoring simulation device through wires.

[0043] At the same time, the anchoring simulation equipment in the S1 step includes a data collection device 3, an anchor drill 1, a connecting mechanism 2 and a driving circuit 4, wherein the data collection device 3 and the anchor drill 1 are connected through the connecting mechanism 2 and are coaxially distributed, wherein the connecting mechanism 2 includes a protective shell 21, a transmission shaft 22, and a coupling 23, wherein the two ends of the transmission shaft 22 are respectively connected to the data collection device 3 and the anchor drill 1 through the coupling 23 and are coaxially distributed, the protective shell 21 is a cylindrical hollow columnar structure, and its two ends are respectively connected to the rear end face of the data collection device 3 and the front end face of the anchor drill 1, and the driving circuit 4 is embedded in the protective shell 21, and is electrically connected to the data collection device 3 and the anchor drill 1 respectively.

[0044] The data collection device 3 includes a bearing shell 31, a detection shaft 32, a positioning plate 33, a bearing 34, a speed sensor 35, a distance sensor 36, and a terminal 106. The bearing shell 31 is a closed cavity structure with a rectangular axial cross-section, and its outer side is connected to the anchor drilling rig 1 through a connecting mechanism 2. At the same time, the front end and rear end of the bearing shell 31 are each provided with an axial hole 107 coaxially distributed therewith, and a bearing 34 coaxially distributed therewith is provided in the axial hole 107. The detection shaft 32 is embedded in the bearing shell 31, and its two end faces are located outside the bearing shell 31 through the axial hole 107 and coaxially distributed with the bearing shell 31. At the same time, the rear end face of the detection shaft 32 is connected to the transmission shaft 22 of the connecting mechanism 2 through a coupling 23, and the front end face is connected to the external detection anchor through the coupling 23 and coaxially distributed. The positioning plate 33 has at least one , embedded in the bearing shell 31 and coaxially distributed with the bearing shell 31, and the positioning plate 33 is a plate-like structure with a rectangular cross-section, wrapped around the outside of the detection shaft 32 and connected to the detection shaft 32 through a bearing 34, the speed sensor 35 is connected to the front end face of the positioning plate 33, and is connected to the outer side of the detection shaft 32, the distance sensor 36 is connected to the front end face of the positioning plate 33, and its optical axis is distributed parallel to the detection shaft 32, and at the same time, the front end face of the bearing shell 31 corresponding to the distance sensor 36 is provided with a through hole 108 coaxially distributed with it; the front end face and the rear end face of the detection shaft are both connected to the coupling 23 and coaxially distributed, the speed sensor 35 and the distance sensor 36 are both electrically connected to the wiring terminal 106, and are electrically connected to the drive circuit 4 through the wiring terminal 106, and the wiring terminal 106 is connected to the outer side of the bearing shell 31.

[0045] In this embodiment, the external data processing server in steps S1 and S3 adopts an intelligent learning algorithm that is built based on the python language and runs in the configuration environment of anaconda.

[0046] It is important to note that when classifying the depth data in step S3, the data before the start of anchoring and after the end of anchoring need to be removed; then the content calculated using the embedded calculation formula includes but is not limited to any one or more of the viscosity of the anchor during the anchor penetration stage, the viscosity time domain signal characteristic value, and the torque time domain signal characteristic value data.

[0047] In addition, the embedded calculation formula in step S3 is specifically:

[0048] The variation of viscosity with time is obtained according to the hole radius, anchor radius, rotation speed, viscous torque and anchoring length.

[0049] The speed can be calculated according to the following formula:

[0050] Where A is an expression for values ​​such as the radius of the anchoring agent and the radius of the anchor rod, C1 and C are coefficients, ω is the angular velocity of the anchor rod, v is the drilling speed of the anchor rod, η is the viscosity of the anchoring agent at time t, m is the viscous moment, and L is the anchor length;

[0051] Furthermore, the expression of A in the expression is:

[0052]

[0053] Where ω is the bolt angular velocity, A is the intersection cross-sectional area of ​​the bolt and the anchor, C1 and C are coefficients, v is the bolt drilling speed, η is the viscosity of the anchor at time t, m is the bolt mass, and L is the anchor length. α is the angle of the intersection sector of the bolt and the anchor cross-sectional area under eccentricity, β is the angle of the intersection sector of the anchor cross-sectional area under eccentricity, R is the radius of the anchor, r is the radius of the bolt, and P is the eccentricity.

[0054] By monitoring the rotation speed and drilling speed of the anchor rod when it penetrates the anchoring agent during the anchoring process, and analyzing the test data, we can know that:

[0055] When the bolt is eccentrically anchored, the intersection cross-sectional area A of the bolt and the anchor is affected by α and β. When the radius remains unchanged, the larger the eccentricity P, the larger α and β, and A will increase accordingly. Affected by C1 and C, the speed ω decreases. When the anchor is lost, the anchor length becomes shorter, thereby increasing ω. The speed ω will only be higher than the normal value when the anchor is lost or fails. When excessively stirred, the viscosity η of the anchor increases sharply and the drilling speed v decreases, but the decrease is much smaller than the increase in viscosity, so the speed ω decreases.

[0056] Therefore, in the anchoring process, the response characteristics of the anchor bolt rotation speed and drilling speed are used to perform nondestructive testing of the anchoring quality, which solves the problems of few nondestructive anchoring quality testing methods in the past, large limitations, and low accuracy. The monitoring device described in this application is small in size, easy to install, simple in use, and can adapt to complex and harsh environments, and can play a guiding role in actual production.

[0057] In actual construction, when the anchoring length, rotation speed, and drilling speed are known, the anchoring quality of each anchor rod and the corresponding anchoring defect type can be analyzed based on the obtained data, which is convenient for guiding on-site construction.

[0058] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following advantages:

[0059] 1. The nondestructive testing method for anchoring quality based on dynamic parameters of anchor bolt anchoring process performs nondestructive testing of anchoring quality while anchoring, which saves time, reduces workload, and can directly feed back the results to on-site staff; thereby, the anchor bolt rotation speed and drilling speed data monitored during the process of anchor bolt penetrating resin anchoring agent are used to judge the anchoring defect type and evaluate the anchor bolt anchoring quality. The present invention can provide technical support for improving the anchor bolt support effect and the anchoring quality testing efficiency.

[0060] 2. During the process of the anchor rod penetrating the anchoring agent, the real-time rotation speed of the anchor rod and its average value will be directly presented on the computer terminal. The anchoring effect of the anchoring agent can be judged by the change in rotation speed, which can better support the intelligent learning algorithm to make judgments and improve the accuracy of the results.

[0061] 3. The equipment included in the present invention has high accuracy and reliability, can adapt to detection under harsh conditions, and is not easily affected by environmental interference.

[0062] 4. The present invention effectively simplifies the structure of the detection equipment, improves the convenience and flexibility of operation, and effectively meets the needs of detection operations in different environments.

[0063] The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A nondestructive testing method for anchoring quality based on dynamic parameters of anchor bolt anchoring process, characterized in that: The non-destructive testing method for the anchoring quality based on the dynamic parameters during the anchoring process of the anchor rod includes the following steps: S1. Equipment preparation: First, according to the needs of the testing operation, on the one hand, configure the resin anchoring agent for the experiment and pre-place the resin anchoring agent in the experimental container for standby; on the other hand, select the anchoring simulation equipment that meets the testing needs according to the characteristics of the resin anchoring agent and the actual construction parameters during the anchoring operation, and establish a data connection between the anchoring simulation equipment and the external external data processing server; S2. Data acquisition: After completing step S1, assemble and position the testing anchor rod and the anchoring simulation equipment, and then start the anchoring simulation equipment to drive the testing anchor rod to drill into the resin anchoring agent set in step S1. During the drilling process of the anchor rod, synchronously collect data by the data collection device, and transmit the collected data to the external data server for storage; S3. Data analysis: After completing the drilling simulation and the driving of the simulation equipment stops working, input each collected data into the intelligent learning algorithm built in the external data processing server for in-depth data classification; Then use the embedded calculation formula to calculate various data of the anchor rod from the drilling to the curing stage respectively. Finally, compare the calculated data with the data in the external data server to judge the possible types and their corresponding probabilities of the anchoring defects, and the non-destructive testing of the anchoring quality can be completed. In addition, input the data of each test into the database for the external data server to perform subsequent in-depth simulation learning and use it as the comparison data for subsequent testing operations.

2. The method for nondestructive testing of anchoring quality based on dynamic parameters of anchor bolt anchoring process according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S1, the experimental container includes a bearing barrel, a sealing end cover, a protective shaft sleeve, fixed fin plates, pressure sensors and terminal blocks. Among them, the bearing barrel is a cylindrical cavity structure with an axial cross-section in a "U" shape. Its upper end surface is connected to the sealing end cover to form a closed cavity structure. And a shaft hole coaxial with the bearing barrel is provided on the sealing end cover. The protective shaft sleeve is embedded in the shaft hole and is coaxial with the shaft hole. At least two fixed fin plates symmetrically distributed about its axis are provided outside the bearing barrel. The plate surface of the fixed fin plate is parallel to the axis of the bearing barrel. At the same time, at least two through holes are distributed from front to back along the axis of the bearing barrel on the fixed fin plate, and a pressure sensor is provided in each through hole. The pressure sensor is coaxial with the through hole. At the same time, the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the pressure sensor respectively exceed the upper end surface of the fixed fin plate by at least 1 mm. At least one terminal block is connected to the outer side surface of the bearing barrel and is electrically connected to each pressure sensor and the anchoring simulation equipment through wires.

3. The method for nondestructive testing of anchoring quality based on dynamic parameters of anchor bolt anchoring process according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In the S1 step, the anchoring simulation equipment includes a data collection device, an anchor drill, a connecting mechanism and a driving circuit, wherein the data collection device and the anchor drill are connected by a connecting mechanism and are coaxially distributed, wherein the connecting mechanism includes a protective shell, a transmission shaft, and a coupling, wherein both ends of the transmission shaft are respectively connected to the data collection device and the anchor drill through a coupling and are coaxially distributed, the protective shell is a cylindrical hollow columnar structure, and its two ends are respectively connected to the rear end face of the data collection device and the front end face of the anchor drill, and the driving circuit is embedded in the protective shell and is electrically connected to the data collection device and the anchor drill respectively.

4. The method for nondestructive testing of anchoring quality based on dynamic parameters of anchor bolt anchoring process according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The data collection device includes a bearing shell, a detection shaft, a positioning plate, a bearing, a speed sensor, a distance sensor, and a terminal block, wherein the bearing shell is a closed cavity structure with a rectangular axial cross-section, and its outer side surface is connected to the anchor drilling rig through a connecting mechanism, and at the same time, the front end and rear end of the bearing shell are each provided with an axial hole coaxially distributed therewith, and a bearing coaxially distributed therewith is provided in the axial hole, the detection shaft is embedded in the bearing shell, and its two end surfaces are located outside the bearing shell through the axial holes and coaxially distributed with the bearing shell, and at the same time, the rear end surface of the detection shaft is connected to the transmission shaft of the connecting mechanism through a coupling, and the front end surface is connected to the external detection anchor through a coupling and coaxially distributed, and at least one positioning plate is embedded in the bearing shell. The positioning plate is a plate-like structure with a rectangular cross section, which is wrapped around the detection shaft and connected to the detection shaft through a bearing. The speed sensor is connected to the front end face of the positioning plate and to the outer side face of the detection shaft. The distance sensor is connected to the front end face of the positioning plate, and its optical axis is parallel to the detection axis. At the same time, a through hole coaxially distributed with the distance sensor is provided on the front end face of the bearing shell corresponding to the distance sensor. The front end face and the rear end face of the detection shaft are both connected to the coupling and coaxially distributed. The speed sensor and the distance sensor are both electrically connected to the wiring terminals, and are electrically connected to the drive circuit through the wiring terminals, and the wiring terminals are connected to the outer side face of the bearing shell.

5. The method for nondestructive testing of anchoring quality based on dynamic parameters of anchor bolt anchoring process according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The external data processing server in the steps S1 and S3 adopts an intelligent learning algorithm built based on the python language and running in the configuration environment of anaconda.

6. The method for nondestructive testing of anchoring quality based on dynamic parameters of anchor bolt anchoring process according to claim 1 is characterized in that: When classifying the depth data in step S3, it is necessary to remove the data before the start of anchoring and after the end of anchoring; then the content calculated using the embedded calculation formula includes but is not limited to any one or more of the viscosity of the anchoring agent during the anchor penetration stage, the viscosity time domain signal characteristic value, and the torque time domain signal characteristic value data.

7. A nondestructive testing method for anchoring quality based on dynamic parameters of anchor bolt anchoring process according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that: The embedded calculation formula in step S3 is specifically: The change of viscosity with time is obtained according to the hole radius, anchor radius, rotation speed, viscous torque and anchor length. The speed can be calculated according to the following formula: Where A is an expression for values ​​such as the anchor radius and the anchor rod radius, C1 and C are coefficients, ω is the anchor rod angular velocity, v is the anchor rod drilling speed, η is the anchor viscosity at time t, m is the viscous moment, and L is the anchor length.

8. The method for nondestructive testing of anchoring quality based on dynamic parameters of anchor bolt anchoring process according to claim 7, characterized in that: The expression of A in the above expression is: Where ω is the angular velocity of the anchor, A is the intersection cross-sectional area of ​​the anchor and the anchor, C1 and C are coefficients, v is the anchor drilling speed, η is the viscosity of the anchor at time t, m is the mass of the anchor, L is the anchoring length, α is the angle of the intersection sector of the anchor and the anchor cross-sectional area in the eccentric state, β is the angle of the intersection sector of the anchor cross-sectional area in the eccentric state, R is the radius of the anchor, I is the radius of the anchor, and P is the eccentricity.

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