Energy supply method of distribution cable channel state monitoring sensing node

Abstract

The invention discloses an energy supply method of a distribution cable channel state monitoring sensing node, which comprises an underground channel, a plurality of support plates are arranged on the inner wall of the underground channel, transmission cables are arranged on the support plates, sensing nodes are arranged on the inner wall of the underground channel, a movable charging vehicle is arranged above the underground channel, and the movable charging vehicle is connected with the underground channel. An energy storage element is arranged in the movable charging vehicle, and a solar charging panel and a small fan are arranged on the upper surface of the movable charging vehicle. According to the invention, the underground cable channel sensing nodes are wirelessly charged by adopting the movable charging vehicle which freely walks on the road surface, so that the defect that chemical batteries need to be replaced regularly is overcome, and the arrangement of multiple sensing nodes in a distribution cable channel becomes possible; the movable charging vehicle can be flexibly configured with an energy source, clean energy of a solar photovoltaic panel and a small fan is selected, a low-power-consumption mode of the sensing node is matched, and the purpose of long-term and environment-friendly energy supply of the underground sensing node can be achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of electric power Internet of Things, and in particular to a method for supplying energy to a distribution cable channel state monitoring sensor node. Background Art

[0002] Distribution cables are an important part of the power system, with long distances and dispersion. In increasingly developed cities, distribution cables are generally placed in underground trenches to save ground space. Due to the uneven quality of distribution cable equipment, insufficient construction process control, and harsh operating environment, the personal and power grid safety issues caused by cable failures, trench damage, and fire hazards are particularly prominent. In addition, the lack of online monitoring methods for distribution cables has led to the fact that the operation and maintenance of distribution cables is often in a state of "no repair unless it is broken", and it is impossible to perform status inspection and maintenance of distribution cables to prevent problems before they occur. Therefore, online status monitoring technology for distribution cables and trenches has been proposed, such as monitoring the temperature, vibration, and partial discharge of distribution cables, and monitoring the vibration, temperature, and humidity of trenches. Distributed status monitoring of distribution cable networks can timely discover hidden dangers in cable and trench operation and eliminate them, which has strong application value. The online status monitoring system is mainly composed of sensor elements, data acquisition and processing units, wireless communication modules, relays or gateways, host computers or servers. The sensor elements, data acquisition and processing units, and wireless communication modules are generally integrated into status sensing nodes and placed on underground distribution cables or trenches.

[0003] At present, the main energy supply methods for state sensor nodes are chemical batteries, micro energy and wired power supply. Wired power supply is more suitable for use in distribution cabinets, but not for underground cables. There is no wind or light in underground pipelines, and the only available micro energy is temperature difference, vibration or electromagnetic induction. However, for three-phase turnkey distribution cables, the magnetic leakage is small, and the power obtained through electromagnetic induction is limited. For temperature difference, it is only possible to obtain a higher temperature difference on the cable when the cable is overloaded. However, the cable overload phenomenon needs to be suppressed, and the frequency of occurrence is not high, which cannot maintain the flexible power demand of the sensor node. The vibration in the underground pipeline mainly comes from passing vehicles on the ground. The vibration frequency is low, the amplitude is small, and the available power is limited. Therefore, so far, chemical batteries are still the main choice for sensor node energy supply in distribution cable scenarios. However, chemical batteries need to be replaced or charged regularly, and chemical batteries have the risk of explosion, which is not conducive to underground trenches. Therefore, it is urgent to find a feasible and reasonable way to supply energy to sensor nodes. The combination of low power consumption and wireless power supply technology can provide a solution to this urgent need.

[0004] The present invention provides a power supply method for a distribution cable channel status monitoring sensor node. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a power supply method for a distribution cable channel status monitoring sensor node to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: comprising an underground trench, a plurality of support plates are provided on the inner wall of the underground trench, a plurality of support plates are provided with transmission cables, a sensor node is provided on the inner wall of the underground trench, a movable charging vehicle is provided above the underground trench, an energy storage element is provided inside the movable charging vehicle, and a solar charging panel and a small wind turbine are provided on the upper surface of the movable charging vehicle.

[0007] Preferably, the mobile charging vehicle includes a positioning system and a wireless power transmission system. The positioning system includes a lithium battery, an inverter circuit, a measuring instrument, and a resonance module; the wireless power transmission system includes an energy source, a chopper circuit, an inverter circuit, and a resonance module.

[0008] Preferably, the inductor coil in the resonant module of the positioning system may be a solenoid or a disc type, and the positioning system is folded in the movable charging vehicle and can be extended outside the movable charging vehicle.

[0009] Preferably, the sensor node includes temperature and humidity, smoke sensors, sensor data acquisition, processing and communication modules, a wireless power receiving system and a power supply module.

[0010] Preferably, the wireless power receiving system comprises a resonance module, a rectifier circuit, a conditioning circuit and an energy storage element. The plane of the inductor coil in the resonance module is parallel to the ground.

[0011] Preferably, the energy storage element in the energy supply module is a supercapacitor.

[0012] Preferably, the energy supply method for a distribution cable channel status monitoring sensor node is characterized in that the energy supply module includes an energy storage element, a conditioning circuit, a rectifier circuit, a receiving coil and a capacitor.

[0013] Preferably, the power supply method for a distribution cable trench status monitoring sensor node is characterized in that a marker is provided above the sensor node, and the marker is arranged on the upper surface of the underground trench.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0015] The present invention uses a mobile charging vehicle that can move freely on the road surface to wirelessly charge the underground cable trench sensor nodes, which solves the problem that chemical batteries need to be replaced regularly, making it possible to deploy more sensor nodes in the distribution cable trench;

[0016] The mobile charging vehicle in the present invention can be flexibly configured with energy sources. The present invention selects solar photovoltaic panels and small wind turbines as clean energy, and cooperates with the low power consumption mode of the sensor node to achieve the purpose of long-term and environmentally friendly energy supply for underground sensor nodes.

[0017] The energy transmission between the mobile charging vehicle and the sensor node of the present invention is completed by high-frequency electromagnetic waves. By increasing the diameter of the transmitting coil, the wireless power transmission distance and efficiency can be increased. The mobile charging vehicle is used on the road, and the space is not limited, and the size of the transmitting coil can be easily changed. In addition, the transmitting coil is placed at the bottom of the mobile charging vehicle, and its vertical distance from the ground can be adjusted to adapt to different sensor node power requirements.

[0018] The present invention is a rationalized power supply mode for the future, which has good scalability. If the intelligent robot technology matures in the future, the mobile charging vehicle and positioning functions will be able to achieve more intelligent design and management. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the movable charging vehicle of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a wireless energy transmission system of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a positioning system of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of a sensor node of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 6 The transmitting and receiving coils of the present invention.

[0025] In the figure: 1. Underground trench; 2. Support plate; 3. Transmission cable; 4. Sensor node; 5. Mobile charging vehicle; 6. Marker; 7. Solar charging panel; 8. Small wind turbine. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] See also Figure 1-Figure 6 , the embodiment provided by the present invention:

[0028] Embodiment: includes sensor node 4, movable charging vehicle 5, cable, cover plate, bracket. There are multiple brackets in the cable trench for placing three-phase cables. The sensor node 4 can be placed on the bracket, cable body or trench wall in the cable trench as needed. This embodiment provides for placing the sensor node 4 on the trench wall. The movable charging vehicle 5 travels on the road surface, and the cable trench is directly below the road surface. The movable charging vehicle 5 and the sensor node 4 use a magnetic coupling resonant wireless power transmission method to recharge the sensor node 4.

[0029] The mobile charging vehicle 5 includes a wireless power transmission system and a positioning system. The wireless power transmission system includes an energy source, a chopper circuit, an inverter circuit, and a resonance module. The energy source includes a solar photovoltaic panel, a small fan 8, and an energy storage element. The energy storage element is a lithium-ion battery. The solar photovoltaic panel and the small fan 8, in conjunction with the energy storage element, can form a relatively stable power generation module to provide an energy source for the wireless power transmission system. The resonance module includes an inductor and a capacitor. The chopper circuit and the inverter circuit cooperate to convert the direct current of the energy source into high-frequency alternating current. The resonance module sends out the alternating electromagnetic field formed by the high-frequency alternating current.

[0030] The positioning system includes a resonance module, an inverter circuit, a measuring instrument, and a lithium-ion battery, and its main function is to locate the sensor node 4 before starting the wireless power transmission system. The resonance module includes an inductor and a capacitor, and the resonance frequency is consistent with the resonance frequency of the receiving end resonance module. The inverter circuit converts the DC output of the lithium-ion battery into a high-frequency AC. The measuring instrument is used to measure the voltage across the resonance module.

[0031] The positioning system is installed on the mobile charging vehicle 5 in a foldable manner and is relatively small in size. When the mobile charging vehicle 5 is traveling on the road and enters the ground area where the cable trench is located, the foldable positioning system is placed at the front end of the mobile charging vehicle 5, and the lithium-ion battery power supply switch in the positioning system is turned on. As the mobile charging vehicle 5 moves, the positioning system moves along. As the positioning system moves, the voltage measuring instrument is observed. When the value of the voltage measuring instrument is the largest, it represents that the inductance coil of the positioning system is substantially corresponding to the position of the receiving inductance coil in the sensor node 4.

[0032] The inductive coil of the resonant module in the positioning system can be a solenoid or a disc coil, which is small and compact. During the positioning process, the circular surface of the coil remains parallel to the ground without tilting and as close to the ground as possible to reduce energy loss.

[0033] The sensor node 4 includes a data acquisition processing and transmission part and an energy supply part. The data processing and transmission part includes sensors such as temperature, humidity, and smoke that can sense the state of the cable channel, a microcontroller, and a wireless communication module. The main function is to collect the temperature, humidity, smoke, and other state data of the cable channel, and after the microcontroller processes the data, it is sent out through the wireless communication module. The energy supply part includes a resonance module, a rectifier circuit, a conditioning circuit, and an energy storage element. The resonance module includes an inductor and a capacitor. The resonance module receives the high-frequency alternating electromagnetic field sent by the power transmission part, and its resonance frequency is consistent with the resonance frequency of the power transmission part. Supercapacitors are recommended as energy storage elements.

[0034] The transmitting coil in the resonance module is placed at the bottom of the mobile charging vehicle 5, as shown in the figure. The position of the transmitting coil can be adjusted up and down, as close to the ground as possible, to reduce the distance between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil.

[0035] The outer diameter of the transmitting coil in the resonance module affects the efficiency and distance of wireless power transmission. The transmitting coil is placed at the bottom of the mobile charging vehicle 5. When the bottom space allows, the outer diameter of the transmitting coil is increased as much as possible to improve the efficiency and distance of power transmission. The shapes of the transmitting and receiving coils can be designed as needed. The shape of the coil can be a solenoid or disc coil as shown in the figure, or a more directional shape can be used. The receiving coil is located in the cable trench and connected to the sensor node 4. The size of the receiving coil is limited by the space of the cable trench and is generally designed to be smaller. The energy supply part including the receiving coil can be connected to the sensor data acquisition and processing and sending part by a waterproof plug-in method, or the two can be packaged and designed together. A waterproof plug-in method is recommended, which is convenient for replacing or adapting different energy supply parts.

[0036] The cover plate, cables, brackets, and channel walls are existing components of the current power distribution cable channel and are only labeled and described for the purpose of illustrating the entire power supply method.

[0037] The ground on which the mobile charging vehicle 5 is traveling is about 50 cm vertically away from the sensor node 4 in order to ensure a high charging efficiency. If the vertical distance increases, the wireless power transmission distance and efficiency will decrease.

[0038] The resonant frequency of the resonant module is recommended to be no less than 1 MHz, this frequency can ensure a transmission distance of no less than 50cm at medium power.

[0039] When selecting the power of the energy source, the power consumption of the sensor node 4, the wireless power transmission efficiency and the circuit loss need to be considered. With a microcontroller with a low power consumption mode and low-power wireless communication technology, the power loss of the sensor node 4 is generally not higher than 500mW. The efficiency of wireless power transmission is conservatively estimated to be 30%. Taking into account the loss of the DC to high-frequency AC conversion circuit and the loss of the alternating current rectification and conditioning, a solar panel with a power of not less than 10W can be selected, and a small fan 8 with a power of not less than 50W can be selected. For the small fan 8, in addition to power, its weight and size also need to be considered. Lithium-ion batteries are selected as energy storage elements, and the capacity of lithium-ion batteries matches the power of solar photovoltaic panels and small fans 8.

[0040] The working process of the power supply method for the state sensor node 4 of the distribution cable channel proposed in the present invention is as follows: the sensor node 4 is arranged in the cable channel, and is mainly used to monitor the environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, and smoke of the cable channel. The energy required for state data collection, processing, and transmission comes from the energy storage element therein, which recommends a supercapacitor. The energy stored in the supercapacitor gradually decreases with use, and will not be enough to meet the energy supply requirements of the state monitoring of the sensor node 4. In addition to the sensor data, the data sent by the sensor node 4 also includes the voltage parameters of the supercapacitor. The data maintenance end will set a voltage threshold. When the uploaded voltage parameter is lower than the voltage threshold, a message will be sent to the maintenance manager of the mobile charging vehicle 5. At that time, the maintenance manager will start the mobile charging vehicle 5 and select a suitable time, such as when there is sufficient sunlight or strong wind speed, to power the sensor node 4 through the wireless power transmission system. When the power supply is specifically provided, the maintenance manager will control the mobile charging vehicle 5 along the ground where the cable channel is located, and turn on the positioning system to locate the sensor node 4 in the distribution cable channel. When the voltage measuring instrument in the positioning system shows the maximum value, it means that the inductor of the positioning system corresponds to the receiving inductor of the sensor node 4. Then adjust the position of the mobile charging vehicle 5 and the transmitting end inductor, and turn on the wireless power transmission system to power the sensor node 4. During the power supply process, turn off the switch of the positioning system and fold it back. The unfolding and folding process of the positioning system is automated.

[0041] The mobile charging vehicle 5 can also store the electricity of solar photovoltaic or small wind turbine through energy storage elements when there is sufficient sunlight or strong wind, if it does not need to power the sensor node 4. The energy storage elements here include lithium-ion batteries in the wireless power transmission system and lithium-ion batteries in the positioning system.

[0042] Optionally, the state perception sensor in the sensor node 4 can be supplemented with fire, vibration and other sensors as required.

[0043] Optionally, the inductor coil in the resonance module may adopt a coil structure with better electromagnetic coupling or directionality.

[0044] Optionally, where mains electricity is readily available, the energy source may be provided by direct connection.

[0045] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims be included in the invention. Any reference numeral in a claim should not be considered as limiting the claim to which it relates.

Claims

1. A method for supplying energy to a distribution cable trench condition monitoring sensor node, comprising an underground trench (1), characterized in that: A plurality of support plates (2) are provided on the inner wall of the underground channel (1), and transmission cables (3) are provided on the plurality of support plates (2). A sensor node (4) is provided on the inner wall of the underground channel (1). A movable charging vehicle (5) is provided above the underground channel (1), and an energy storage element is provided inside the movable charging vehicle (5). A solar charging panel (7) and a small fan (8) are provided on the upper surface of the movable charging vehicle (5).

2. The energy supply method of a distribution cable channel state monitoring sensor node according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The mobile charging vehicle (5) comprises a positioning system and a wireless power transmission system. The positioning system comprises a lithium battery, an inverter circuit, a measuring instrument, and a resonance module. The wireless power transmission system comprises an energy source, a chopper circuit, an inverter circuit, and a resonance module.

3. The energy supply method of a distribution cable channel state monitoring sensor node according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The inductor coil in the resonant module of the positioning system can be a solenoid or a disc type, and the positioning system is folded in the movable charging vehicle (5) and can be extended outside the movable charging vehicle (5).

4. The energy supply method of a distribution cable channel state monitoring sensor node according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The sensor node (4) comprises temperature, humidity and smoke sensors, a sensor data acquisition, processing and communication module, a wireless power receiving system and a power supply module.

5. The energy supply method of a distribution cable channel state monitoring sensor node according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The wireless power receiving system includes a resonance module, a rectifier circuit, a conditioning circuit and an energy storage element. The plane of the inductor coil in the resonance module is parallel to the ground.

6. The energy supply method of a distribution cable channel state monitoring sensor node according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The energy storage element in the energy supply module is preferably a supercapacitor.

7. The energy supply method of a distribution cable channel state monitoring sensor node according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The energy supply module includes an energy storage element, a conditioning circuit, a rectification circuit, a receiving coil and a capacitor.

8. The energy supply method of a distribution cable channel state monitoring sensor node according to claim 1, characterized in that: A marker (6) is provided above the sensor node (4), and the marker (6) is arranged on the upper surface of the underground channel (1).

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