Agricultural Internet of Things system

Abstract

The invention discloses an agricultural Internet of Things system, and relates to the field of agricultural digitization, and the system comprises a cloud software subsystem, an edge end embedded subsystem and a field equipment integration bus. The cloud software subsystem is connected with the edge end embedded subsystem, and the edge end embedded subsystem is connected with field equipment in an agricultural park through a field equipment integration bus; the cloud software subsystem is used for configuring field equipment in the edge end embedded subsystem and the agricultural park, generating an equipment configuration table and a planning instruction set, and pushing the equipment configuration table, the planning instruction set and an equipment control request to the edge end embedded subsystem; and the edge end embedded subsystem generates a control signal of the field equipment based on a Linux operation system, and controls the operation state of the field equipment in the agricultural park through a field equipment integration bus. According to the invention, the complexity of the agricultural Internet of Things system is reduced, and the universality and the capability of executing complex tasks of the agricultural Internet of Things system are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of agricultural digitalization, and in particular to an agricultural Internet of Things system that is applicable to multiple scenarios and easily expandable. Background Art

[0002] One of the development goals of agricultural digitalization on the production side is to reduce manual labor, and at the same time, appropriately control the environment according to the phenological growth of crops, and reasonably input water, fertilizer, and pesticides, thereby reducing labor input, improving quality and yield, and promoting green and sustainable development. In recent years, fields, orchards, and facility agriculture (greenhouses) have all developed intelligent production in different ways. By monitoring the environment and determining the growth, the amount and timing of irrigation are determined, the temperature and humidity conditions suitable for crops are adjusted, and the timing of pesticide application is determined. The semi-automatic / automatic operation of irrigation, fertilization, lighting, ventilation, heating and other equipment can be controlled remotely or on-site to reduce the labor intensity of managers and improve the accuracy of management. Although the current agricultural Internet of Things can reduce the labor intensity of managers to a certain extent, there are still the following defects in actual scenarios:

[0003] (1) The current agricultural Internet of Things usually splits monitoring and control into independent modules, which need to communicate with the cloud (server) separately. That is, the monitoring part and the control part have independent data transmission capabilities and their transmission control units cannot be universal, which is highly complex and not conducive to decision-making at the edge.

[0004] (2) Existing technologies require application design for different cultivation modes and crops. There is no planting model on the server side, and the edge side cannot effectively be compatible with multiple devices. It has poor reusability and cannot adapt to different planting types and crop production scenarios.

[0005] (3) The control system usually uses a programmable logic controller (PLC) or a single-chip microcomputer system without an operating system. The edge computing resources are insufficient and cannot perform complex tasks.

[0006] In summary, the current agricultural Internet of Things system is highly complex, has poor versatility, and cannot perform complex tasks. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of this application is to provide an agricultural Internet of Things system that can reduce the complexity of the agricultural Internet of Things system and improve the versatility of the agricultural Internet of Things system and its ability to perform complex tasks.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following solutions:

[0009] The present application provides an agricultural Internet of Things system, including: a cloud software subsystem, an edge embedded subsystem, and a field equipment integrated bus;

[0010] The cloud software subsystem is connected to the edge embedded subsystem, and the edge embedded subsystem is connected to the field equipment in the agricultural park through the field equipment integrated bus; the field equipment includes monitoring equipment and control equipment, the monitoring equipment is used to collect agricultural park operation data, and the control equipment is used to adjust the production environment in the agricultural park;

[0011] The cloud software subsystem is used to receive the agricultural park basic data and equipment control request input by the user, and configure the edge-end embedded subsystem and the field equipment in the agricultural park according to the agricultural park basic data, generate an equipment configuration table and a plan instruction set, and push the equipment configuration table, the plan instruction set and the equipment control request to the edge-end embedded subsystem;

[0012] The edge-end embedded subsystem is used to generate control signals for field equipment based on the Linux operating system according to the device configuration table, the plan instruction set, the device control request and the agricultural park operation data, and to control the operating status of the field equipment in the agricultural park through the field equipment integrated bus.

[0013] Optionally, the cloud software subsystem includes:

[0014] Application program interface, used to receive basic data of agricultural parks and equipment control requests uploaded by user terminals;

[0015] Agricultural model module, used to build production process databases under different crops, different cultivation modes and different phenological periods;

[0016] A park management module, connected to the application program interface and the agricultural model module respectively, for determining the crop type and the crop planting plan according to the agricultural park basic data, and determining the target process parameters according to the crop type, the crop planting plan and the production process database;

[0017] A device definition management module, connected to the park management module, configured to configure the edge embedded subsystem and field equipment in the agricultural park according to the crop type, and generate a device configuration table;

[0018] The edge task push module is respectively connected to the park management module, the equipment definition management module and the edge embedded subsystem, and is used to generate a plan instruction set according to the target process parameters and the equipment configuration table, and push the equipment configuration table, the plan instruction set and the equipment control request to the edge embedded subsystem.

[0019] Optionally, the application program interface is also used to push production work suggestions to the user terminal.

[0020] Optionally, the cloud software subsystem also includes: a growth trend recognition module, which is respectively connected to the agricultural model module and the park management module, and is used to obtain growth images of crops in the agricultural park, and determine the growth trend of crops in the agricultural park based on the growth images and the production process database; the park management module is also used to adjust the target process parameters according to the growth trend of crops in the agricultural park.

[0021] Optionally, the cloud software subsystem also includes: a first communication module, which is connected to the device definition management module and the edge embedded subsystem respectively, and is used to establish communication between the device definition management module and the edge embedded subsystem through a message queue telemetry transmission service.

[0022] Optionally, the basic data of the agricultural park includes: the geographical location of the park, land division, crop type, production type and target yield; the operating data of the agricultural park includes production environment data and field equipment operating data.

[0023] Optionally, the edge embedded subsystem includes:

[0024] A task scheduling module is connected to the cloud software subsystem and is used to schedule multiple parallel tasks based on the device configuration table, the planned instruction set and the device control request, based on the ARM processor and the Linux operating system; wherein the multiple parallel tasks include: instruction reception, instruction execution and data collection; the priority of the device control request is higher than the priority of the planned instruction set;

[0025] The equipment bus management module is connected to the task scheduling module and the field equipment integrated bus respectively, and is used to control the operating status of the field equipment in the agricultural park through the field equipment integrated bus based on multiple parallel tasks.

[0026] Optionally, the edge embedded subsystem also includes: a data storage module, which is respectively connected to the cloud software subsystem and the task scheduling module, and is used to store the agricultural park basic data, the agricultural park operation data, the plan instruction set and operation records in the form of files under the Linux operating system.

[0027] Optionally, the edge embedded subsystem also includes: a second communication module, which is connected to the cloud software subsystem and the task scheduling module respectively, and is used to establish communication between the cloud software subsystem and the task scheduling module through a message queue telemetry transmission service.

[0028] Optionally, the field equipment integrated bus is also connected to sensors, control signal boards and limit signal boards in the agricultural park;

[0029] The sensor is used to collect the operation data of the agricultural park; the control signal board is provided with multiple sets of switches and relays; the limit signal board is provided with multiple channels; the switch on the control signal board is connected with the control box switch in the agricultural park, and is used to control the operation status of the field equipment in the agricultural park; the channel on the limit signal board is used to limit the operation status of the field equipment in the agricultural park;

[0030] The field equipment integrated bus is used to send the status of each switch on the control signal board and the status of each channel on the limit signal board to the edge-end embedded subsystem, and adjust the operating status of each relay on the control signal board and the operating status of each channel on the limit signal board according to the control signal generated by the edge-end embedded subsystem to control the operating status of each field equipment in the agricultural park. According to the specific embodiments provided by this application, this application discloses the following technical effects:

[0031] The present application provides an agricultural Internet of Things system, which realizes the connection between an edge-end embedded subsystem and monitoring equipment and control equipment in an agricultural park through a field equipment integrated bus, and the edge-end embedded subsystem is further connected to a cloud software subsystem. The monitoring equipment and control equipment do not need to communicate with the cloud software subsystem separately, which reduces the complexity of the agricultural Internet of Things system. The edge-end embedded subsystem can be compatible with a variety of equipment in the agricultural park, which improves the versatility of the agricultural Internet of Things system. The edge-end embedded subsystem further generates control signals for field equipment based on the Linux operating system, which improves the computing resources of the edge, enables the edge to perform complex tasks, and thereby improves the intelligence level of the agricultural park. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0033] Figure 1 An overall structural block diagram of an agricultural Internet of Things system provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Figure 2 A structural block diagram of a cloud software subsystem provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the device initialization process performed by the cloud software subsystem;

[0036] Figure 4A schematic diagram of the cloud software subsystem executing the planting parameter distribution and optimization process;

[0037] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the device operation management process executed by the cloud software subsystem;

[0038] Figure 6 A structural block diagram of an edge embedded subsystem provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the operation process of the edge embedded subsystem;

[0040] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the connection relationship of a field equipment integrated bus provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0041] Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a solar greenhouse agricultural park;

[0042] Fig.10 This is a schematic diagram of the connection of IoT devices in a solar greenhouse agricultural park;

[0043] Fig.11 This is a structural diagram of an arch-shaped agricultural park;

[0044] Fig.12 This is a schematic diagram of the connection of IoT devices in an arch-shaped agricultural park;

[0045] Fig.13 This is a structural diagram of a glass and multi-span greenhouse agricultural park;

[0046] Fig.14 This is a schematic diagram of the connection of IoT devices in glass and multi-span greenhouse agricultural parks;

[0047] Fig.15 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a field or orchard type agricultural park;

[0048] Fig.16 This is a schematic diagram of the connection of IoT devices in a field or orchard-type agricultural park. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0050] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the present application is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0051] In an exemplary embodiment, Figure 1 As shown, an agricultural Internet of Things system is provided, including: a cloud software subsystem 101, an edge embedded subsystem 102 and a field equipment integration bus 103.

[0052] The cloud software subsystem 101 is connected to the edge embedded subsystem 102, and the edge embedded subsystem 102 is connected to the field equipment 104 in the agricultural park through the field equipment integrated bus 103. The field equipment 104 includes monitoring equipment and control equipment. The monitoring equipment is used to collect agricultural park operation data, and the control equipment is used to adjust the production environment in the agricultural park (including temperature, humidity, light, water volume, fertilizer, etc.). The monitoring equipment includes various sensors in the agricultural park.

[0053] The following is a detailed description of the functions of each part:

[0054] (1) The cloud software subsystem 101 is used to receive the basic data of the agricultural park and the equipment control request input by the user, and configure the edge embedded subsystem 102 and the field equipment 104 in the agricultural park according to the basic data of the agricultural park, generate an equipment configuration table and a plan instruction set, and push the equipment configuration table, the plan instruction set and the equipment control request to the edge embedded subsystem 102.

[0055] In this application, the data received by the cloud software subsystem 101 includes static data and dynamic data. Among them, the static data is the basic data of the agricultural park, and the dynamic data is the operation data of the agricultural park. Among them, the basic data of the agricultural park include: the geographical location of the park (longitude and latitude of the plot, altitude), plot division, crop type, production type (such as field, orchard, facilities, etc.), target yield, etc. The operation data of the agricultural park include: production environment data monitored by the Internet of Things (including growth images, air temperature and humidity, soil temperature and humidity, carbon dioxide concentration, light, etc.), field equipment operation data (including the online status of field equipment 104, parameters of field equipment 104, working status, operation records, etc.), selectively uploaded production materials (such as fertilizers, pesticides) data, product sales data, worker application record data, etc.

[0056] In a specific example, if Figure 2 As shown, the cloud software subsystem 101 includes: an application program interface 201, an agricultural model module 202, a park management module 203, a device definition management module 204 and an edge task push module 205.

[0057] Among them, (11) the application program interface 201 is used to receive the basic data of the agricultural park and the equipment control request uploaded by the user terminal. Further, the application program interface 201 is also used to push production work suggestions to the user terminal.

[0058] Specifically, the application interface 201 is a data interface for connecting to farmer or worker applications. Users can upload basic data of the agricultural park through the application. The application interface 201 can further push production and work suggestions to the application, and can also respond to the device control request of the application.

[0059] (12) The agricultural model module 202 is used to construct a production process database under different crops, different cultivation modes and different phenological periods. Specifically, the production process database includes a production environment database and a farming process database.

[0060] The agricultural model module 202 can automatically recommend planting models and planting process parameters for production based on the planting types and crops of the park or farmers.

[0061] (13) The park management module 203 is connected to the application program interface 201 and the agricultural model module 202 respectively. The park management module 203 is used to determine the crop type and crop planting plan based on the basic data of the agricultural park, and determine the target process parameters based on the crop type, the crop planting plan and the production process database.

[0062] Specifically, the park management module 203 mainly provides an interactive framework with users, constructs a user-oriented park management process with park-plot-cultivation mode-crop-equipment as the axis, and manages relevant static data and dynamic data of the park.

[0063] (14) The device definition management module 204 is connected to the park management module 203. The device definition management module 204 is used to configure the edge embedded subsystem 102 and the field equipment 104 in the agricultural park according to the crop type and generate a device configuration table.

[0064] Specifically, the device definition management module 204 defines the edge and field equipment 104 according to the park plot and crop type, assigns a number to the edge embedded subsystem 102, and configures the type and quantity of the connected signal board for it, assigns a number to the signal board, and generates a device configuration table for the edge embedded subsystem 102 to call. The device definition management module 204 can predefine the signal board type, and then plan the number of computers, the number of signal boards, the type of field equipment 104, the number of field equipment 104 and its connection method required by the edge embedded subsystem 102 according to the production type, plot division and predefined signal board type, so as to generate a device configuration table. In addition, the device definition management module 204 can also obtain and store relevant data of sensors and field equipment 104, and support the configuration and maintenance of sensor and equipment control commands.

[0065] (15) The edge-end task push module 205 is connected to the park management module 203, the equipment definition management module 204 and the edge-end embedded subsystem 102 respectively. The edge-end task push module 205 is used to generate a plan instruction set according to the target process parameters and the equipment configuration table, and push the equipment configuration table, the plan instruction set and the equipment control request to the edge-end embedded subsystem 102.

[0066] Specifically, the edge task push module 205 manages all edge embedded subsystems 102 and related field equipment 104 in the agricultural park, manages equipment data, and pushes equipment control requests and plan instructions to the edge embedded subsystem 102 according to user requirements.

[0067] Furthermore, the cloud software subsystem 101 also includes a growth trend identification module 206 .

[0068] (16) The growth trend recognition module 206 is connected to the agricultural model module 202 and the park management module 203 respectively, that is, the park management module 203 is connected to the agricultural model module 202 through the growth trend recognition module 206. The growth trend recognition module 206 is used to obtain the growth image of the crops in the agricultural park, and determine the growth trend of the crops in the agricultural park based on the growth image and the production process database.

[0069] Specifically, the growth recognition module 206 determines the phenological period of crops based on the growth images transmitted by the cameras in the agricultural park through a deep learning algorithm, and inverts the normalized vegetation index and chlorophyll index to determine the growth of crops in the agricultural park, thereby evaluating the growth of crops and actively adjusting and optimizing the control parameters of temperature, light, water, and fertilizer.

[0070] The park management module 203 is also used to adjust the target process parameters according to the growth of crops in the agricultural park.

[0071] Furthermore, the cloud software subsystem 101 also includes a first communication module 207 .

[0072] (17) The first communication module 207 is connected to the device definition management module 204 and the edge embedded subsystem 102 respectively, and the first communication module 207 is used to establish communication between the device definition management module 204 and the edge embedded subsystem 102 through the message queuing telemetry transport (MQTT) service.

[0073] In addition, the cloud software subsystem 101 can also evaluate the management status of the agricultural park and trace the production process by mining and comparing the basic data of the agricultural park, the operation data of the agricultural park, and the operation data of the field equipment 104.

[0074] The main business processes of the cloud software subsystem 101 include equipment initialization, planting parameter distribution and optimization, and equipment operation management.

[0075] like Figure 3 As shown, the device initialization process includes: first creating a park or plot; then obtaining the longitude and latitude range of the park and outlining the land; determining the crop type; then configuring the edge embedded subsystem 102 and the field equipment 104, generating a device configuration table; performing equipment installation testing; and configuring management permissions.

[0076] like Figure 4 As shown, the planting parameter distribution and optimization process includes: obtaining crop planting plans, obtaining planting processes, distributing process parameters, obtaining environmental data, obtaining and analyzing growth images, optimizing planting plans, optimizing planting processes, and distributing process parameters.

[0077] like Figure 5 As shown, the equipment operation management process includes: the user logs in based on the configured management authority. After successful login, the user can view the production progress, crop growth, monitoring data, weather warnings, equipment status and log records, and can operate the equipment or formulate an operation plan, and send the operation instructions or operation plans to the edge embedded subsystem 102, while recording the growth, pests and diseases and other key agricultural operations.

[0078] This application can predefine scenarios, sensors, and signal board types in the cloud software subsystem 101. For different production types, it only needs to simply configure the sensor type and signal board type to support different application scenarios, which has high flexibility. It can also print the equipment configuration list, support the production and configuration of the control box, and reduce the difficulty and error probability of equipment production and installation.

[0079] (2) The edge embedded subsystem 102 is used to generate a control signal for the field equipment 104 based on the Linux operating system according to the device configuration table, the plan instruction set, the device control request and the agricultural park operation data, and control the operation status of the field equipment 104 in the agricultural park through the field equipment integrated bus 103.

[0080] In a specific example, Figure 6 As shown, the edge embedded subsystem 102 includes: a task scheduling module 601 and a device bus management module 602 .

[0081] (21) The task scheduling module 601 is connected to the cloud software subsystem 101. The task scheduling module 601 is used to schedule multiple parallel tasks based on the ARM processor and the Linux operating system according to the device configuration table, the plan instruction set and the device control request. The priority of the device control request is higher than the priority of the plan instruction set.

[0082] The user can control the field equipment 104 through the knob switch of the control cabinet at the agricultural park site. Therefore, the planned instruction set automatically generated by the cloud software subsystem 101 and the user's on-site control command may conflict with each other in controlling the equipment. The present application connects both signals to the edge embedded subsystem 102. The edge embedded subsystem 102 controls the equipment according to the equipment status with a strategy of on-site control priority, thereby avoiding the possibility of conflict and potential safety risks.

[0083] In this application, a task scheduling module 601 is established through the support of an ARM processor and an embedded Linux operating system, and multiple parallel tasks such as instruction reception, instruction execution, data acquisition, data storage, data uploading, switch signal acquisition, and limit signal acquisition are executed in parallel through synchronization or mutual exclusion of task scheduling and processes.

[0084] In addition, in addition to executing the real-time instructions generated by the cloud software subsystem 101, the task scheduling module 601 can store and execute the instruction plan set pushed by the cloud software subsystem 101 to complete the task autonomously, and can also automatically read the device configuration list of the cloud software subsystem 101 to perform autonomous software upgrades through the cloud.

[0085] (22) The device bus management module 602 is connected to the task scheduling module 601 and the field equipment integrated bus 103 respectively. The device bus management module 602 is used to control the operating status of the field equipment 104 in the agricultural park through the field equipment integrated bus 103 based on multiple parallel tasks.

[0086] With the support of RS485 interface and Modbus communication protocol, the equipment bus management module 602 can connect up to 255 sets of field equipment 104 with the embedded computer as the Master end, establish duplex communication, and read sensor data, switch quantity status and control switch relays through protocol instructions.

[0087] Specifically, the device bus management module 602 can connect to three types of devices: ① different types of sensors; ② on-site manual control switch signal board, which is used to input the on-site control signal into the edge-end embedded subsystem 102, and the edge-end embedded subsystem 102 uniformly manages the control signal to resolve the conflict between on-site and remote control signals; ③ device control signal board, which is used to connect to different types of device control signals.

[0088] Furthermore, the edge embedded subsystem 102 also includes a data storage module 603 .

[0089] (23) The data storage module 603 is connected to the cloud software subsystem 101 and the task scheduling module 601 respectively. The data storage module 603 is used to store the basic data of the agricultural park, the operation data of the agricultural park, the plan instruction set and the operation record in the form of files under the Linux operating system.

[0090] In a specific example, the data storage module 603 is a plug-in SD memory card, which stores sensor data, operation records, instruction plan sets, upgrade packages, etc. in the form of files with the support of the Linux file system, and can support retransmission after network disconnection.

[0091] Furthermore, the edge embedded subsystem 102 also includes a second communication module 604 .

[0092] (24) The second communication module 604 is connected to the cloud software subsystem 101 and the task scheduling module 601 respectively, and the second communication module 604 is used to establish communication between the cloud software subsystem 101 and the task scheduling module 601 through a message queue telemetry transmission service.

[0093] In the present application, the second communication module 604 supports communication with the cloud software subsystem 101 via 4G, Ethernet, and wifi. The communication method adopts the method of subscribing to cloud services to transmit data with the cloud software subsystem 101, which can effectively reduce network overhead and increase device capacity.

[0094] The functions of the edge embedded subsystem 102 mainly include: system configuration, protocol response parsing and processing, updating device configuration, sensor data collection, control board operation processing, learning operation, time synchronization, data storage, 4G communication, MQTT module, program download, data upload, program upgrade and device restart.

[0095] In summary, the main operation process of the edge embedded subsystem 102 includes: ① reading the device configuration table from the cloud software subsystem 101 to understand the number and type of the field equipment 104 connected to it; ② receiving the instructions and instruction plans issued by the cloud software subsystem 101 through message subscription, wherein the instruction plan represents the operation plan for the field equipment 104 within a cycle; ③ accessing the manually input field control signal through the input signal board, and synchronizing the device status with the cloud software subsystem 101; ④ autonomously executing the instruction plan, and locally storing a week of sensor data and equipment operation data, and automatically uploading it after the network is restored; ⑤ autonomously upgrading the software according to the instructions issued by the cloud software subsystem 101; ⑥ configuring the data collection frequency and upload frequency through the cloud software subsystem 101.

[0096] Specifically, Figure 7 As shown, the operation process of the edge embedded subsystem 102 includes: system configuration, initialization of each module, creation and start of data acquisition thread, when receiving MQTT instructions, parsing response instructions, collecting and storing sensor data, and reporting sensor data, collecting input switch quantity and updating switch quantity data, until the thread ends and releases system resources.

[0097] The present application expands the capabilities of the edge end through the edge end embedded subsystem 102, so that it has the multi-tasking capabilities of communication, data acquisition, instruction execution, and device control, and at the same time supports the device bus as a Master end.

[0098] (3) The field equipment integrated bus 103 is also connected to sensors, control signal boards and limit signal boards in the agricultural park. The sensors are used to collect agricultural park operation data.

[0099] In order to achieve the purpose of being applicable to multiple scenarios and being universal, this application defines the types and port types of the signal board in advance, which can be flexibly and conveniently matched and applied according to different production scenarios. The field equipment integrated bus 103 obtains sensor data, switch status, and sends switch instructions based on the Modbus address + channel number of the sensor and the signal board.

[0100] The control signal board is provided with multiple sets of switches and relays, which correspond to different predefined physical meanings, and there is no physical connection between the switches and the relays. The switches on the control signal board are connected to the control box switches in the agricultural park to control the operating status of the field equipment 104 in the agricultural park. The switch signal is transmitted to the edge end embedded subsystem 102 through the field equipment integrated bus 103, and the edge end embedded subsystem 102 sends the control signal to the control signal board to control the corresponding relay.

[0101] The limit signal board is provided with a plurality of channels. The channels on the limit signal board are used to limit the operating status of the field equipment 104 in the agricultural park. The function of the limit signal board is to access the signal of the limit sensor to trigger the movement and operation range of the control motor to ensure production safety. Among them, the channel signal is transmitted to the edge-end embedded subsystem 102 through the field equipment integrated bus 103, and the edge-end embedded subsystem 102 sends the control signal to the relay of the corresponding limit control board to control the corresponding equipment.

[0102] The field equipment integrated bus 103 is used to send the status of each switch on the control signal board and the status of each channel on the limit signal board to the edge-end embedded subsystem 102, and adjust the operating status of each relay on the control signal board and the operating status of each channel on the limit signal board according to the control signal generated by the edge-end embedded subsystem 102, so as to control the operating status of each field equipment 104 in the agricultural park.

[0103] like Figure 8 As shown, the field equipment integrated bus 103 is connected to the field switch 802 through the field switch input module 801, connected to the field equipment 104 through the equipment control module 803, and directly connected to the sensor 804.

[0104] Among them, the field switch input module 801 is a switch input signal board, one end of which is connected to the manual switch or limit switch on site, and the other end is connected to the field equipment integrated bus 103, its input is a switch signal, and its output is a 485 bus signal. The equipment control module 803 is a switch output signal board, on which an electromagnetic relay is provided to drive the equipment, its input is a 485 bus, and its output is an electromagnetic relay.

[0105] With the support of 485 bus and Modbus communication protocol, each sensor 804 and signal board are connected to the bus as a slave end, and up to 255 sensors 804 and signal boards can be connected. Taking the connection of 10 signal boards as an example, each signal board has 8 channels, a total of 80 channels, and every two channels control one field equipment 104, then the agricultural Internet of Things system can connect 40 field equipment 104, thereby achieving unified access and management of farm equipment, and has strong expansion capabilities.

[0106] In order to facilitate modular management, this application further predefines the types of signal boards to be connected according to different types of agricultural parks.

[0107] (a) If Fig. 9 and Fig.10 As shown, for a solar greenhouse type agricultural park, the side is a gable 901, the types of signal boards and their physical meanings are shown in Tables 1 to 3, and the types and addresses of environmental sensors are shown in Table 4.

[0108] Table 1 Basic greenhouse control signal board

[0109] Switch No. Relay No. Physical meaning 01 01 Upper ventilation open 902 02 02 Upper ventilation closed 903 03 03 Roller shutter opening 904 04 04 Roller shutter closed 905 05 05 Irrigation valve 06 06 Irrigation valve 07 07 Camera 08 08 Fill Light

[0110] Table 2 Greenhouse extended control signal board

[0111] Switch No. Relay No. Physical meaning 01 01 Lower ventilation open 906 02 02 Lower ventilation closed 907 03 03 Roller shutter opening 904 04 04 Roller shutter closed 905 05 05 fan 06 06 Wet curtain 07 07 Heating 08 08 Display

[0112] Table 3 Greenhouse limit signal board

[0113] Switch No. Relay No. Physical meaning 01 A-01 Upper ventilation opening limit 02 A-02 Upper ventilation and closing limit 03 A-03 Roller shutter opening limit 04 A-04 Roller shutter closed limit 05 AP-01 Downward ventilation opening limit 06 AP-02 Downward ventilation and closing limit 07 AP-03 Roller shutter opening limit 08 AP-04 Roller shutter closed limit

[0114] Table 4 Environmental Sensors

[0115]

[0116]

[0117] (ii) Fig.11 and Fig.12 As shown, for the arch-type agricultural park, the types of signal boards and their physical meanings are shown in Tables 5 and 6, and the types and addresses of environmental sensors are shown in Table 7.

[0118] Table 5 Arch type control signal board

[0119] Switch No. Relay No. Physical meaning 01 01 Left side ventilation open 110 02 02 Left ventilation closed 111 03 03 Right ventilation opening 112 04 04 Right ventilation closed 113 05 05 Irrigation valve 06 06 Irrigation valve 07 07 Camera 08 08 Fill Light

[0120] Table 6 Arch type limit signal board

[0121] Switch No. Relay No. Physical meaning 01 B-01 Left ventilation opening limit 02 B-02 Left ventilation closed limit 03 B-03 Right ventilation opening limit 04 B-04 Right ventilation closed limit 05 06 07 08

[0122] Table 7 Environmental Sensors

[0123] Serial number Sensor Type RS485-Address illustrate 1 4 in 1 16 Air temperature and humidity, light, carbon dioxide concentration 2 Soil temperature and humidity 32 Soil temperature, soil moisture sensor

[0124] (III) Fig.13 and Fig.14 As shown, for glass and multi-span greenhouse type agricultural parks, glass greenhouses and multi-span greenhouses are regarded as the same type of facilities, which have large areas, many ventilation holes, and may have various planting types. The types of signal boards and their physical meanings are shown in Tables 8 and 10, and the types and addresses of environmental sensors are shown in Table 11.

[0125] Table 8 Glass greenhouse production unit board:

[0126]

[0127]

[0128] Table 9 Glass greenhouse ventilation control panel

[0129] Switch No. Relay No. Physical meaning 01 01 First ventilation open 130 02 02 First ventilation 131 03 03 Second ventilation opening 132 04 04 Second ventilation seal 133 05 05 The third ventilation opening is 134 06 06 The third ventilation 135 07 07 Fourth ventilation opening 136 08 08 Fourth ventilation closed 137

[0130] Table 10 Glass greenhouse ventilation control limit plate

[0131] Switch No. Relay Mapping Physical meaning 01 C-Temp-01 First ventilation opening limit 02 C-Temp-02 First ventilation closed limit 03 C-Temp-03 Second ventilation opening limit 04 C-Temp-04 Second ventilation closing limit 05 C-Temp-05 The third ventilation opening limit 06 C-Temp-06 The third ventilation closed limit 07 C-Temp-07 Fourth ventilation opening limit 08 C-Temp-08 Fourth ventilation and air closing limit

[0132] Table 11 Environmental Sensors

[0133] Serial number Sensor Type RS485-Address illustrate 1 4 in 1 16 Air temperature and humidity, light, carbon dioxide concentration 2 Soil temperature and humidity 32 Soil temperature, soil moisture sensor

[0134] (IV) Fig.15 and Fig.16 As shown, for large fields or orchard-type agricultural parks, since large fields cover a large area, the wired control part is mainly concentrated in the head, and the control of the farther part is achieved by adding a long-range radio (Lora) module. The types of signal boards and their physical meanings are shown in Tables 12 and 15.

[0135] Table 12 Daejeon basic control signal board

[0136]

[0137]

[0138] Table 13 Field irrigation control signal board

[0139] Switch No. Relay No. Physical meaning 01 01 The first irrigation valve 02 02 Second irrigation valve 03 03 Third irrigation valve 04 04 Fourth irrigation valve 05 05 Fifth irrigation valve 06 06 Sixth irrigation valve 07 07 Seventh irrigation valve 08 08 Eighth irrigation valve

[0140] Table 14 Daejeon disaster prevention control signal board

[0141] Switch No. Relay No. Physical meaning 01 01 First hail net / rain shelter opened 02 02 First hail net / rain shelter closed 03 03 Second hail net / rain shelter open 04 04 Second hail net / rain shelter closed 05 05 The third hail net / rain shelter is open 06 06 The third hail net / rain shelter is closed 07 07 Fourth hail net / rain shelter opening 08 08 Fourth hail net / rain shelter closed

[0142] Table 15 Datian limit signal board

[0143] Switch No. Relay Mapping Physical meaning 01 D-Prevention-01 The first hail net / rain shelter opens to limit 02 D-Prevention-02 The first hail net / rain shelter is closed 03 D-Prevention-03 Second hail net / rain shelter opening limit 04 D-Prevention-04 Second hail net / rain shelter closed limit 05 D-Prevention-05 The third hail protection net / rain shelter is open 06 D-Prevention-06 The third hail protection net / rain protection shed is closed 07 D-Prevention-07 The fourth hail net / rain shelter opening limit 08 D-Prevention-08 Fourth hail net / rain shelter closed limit

[0144] The edge-end embedded subsystem 102 provided in this application has complete hardware and software performance, and can mount different types of devices through the 485 bus, which can be monitoring devices or control devices, with strong flexibility and versatility. For the cloud software subsystem 101, its corresponding communication object is essentially just a device of the edge-end embedded subsystem 102, and for field applications, it can support multiple scenarios through flexible combination configurations. Therefore, this application achieves the purpose of general and multi-scenario application through the cloud, edge and field bus terminals, and can be used in different cultivation modes and production scenarios of small farmers and agricultural parks, effectively reducing the complexity of applications in different scenarios, while improving the expansion capabilities of the agricultural Internet of Things system.

[0145] In summary, this application abandons the previous agricultural Internet of Things system's simple equipment-centric management model, and builds a management chain and operating system centered on park management / plots / crops / equipment. The cloud software subsystem 101 can accommodate a large number of terminal devices through the communication mechanism of message subscription. The edge embedded subsystem 102 can run multi-task programs with the support of ARM and Linux operating systems, can autonomously execute model plans, and support autonomous operation and data storage in the case of network disconnection. Through the support of 485 bus and Modbus communication protocol, it can accommodate up to 255 sets of field equipment 104. The field equipment integrated bus 103 is based on typical agricultural production scenarios. The control and acquisition signal boards of different types of equipment are universally defined, which facilitates the initialization process of field equipment 104 and the installation and debugging process of the equipment. After the system initialization is completed, the user only needs to scan the QR code to bind the device and obtain operation permissions. The agricultural Internet of Things system provided in this application can reuse software and hardware systems according to the agricultural production scenarios of different parks, can remind farming activities and issue equipment parameters based on planting models, can dynamically optimize planting plans and farming processes based on monitoring data, can support users to independently edit production plans and issue them, and can support users to record important agronomic measures and production processes.

[0146] The agricultural Internet of Things system provided by this application can be flexibly deployed and reused in different types of parks / plots, supporting both park users and ordinary farmers. In the digital park setting, users only need to focus on the installation design of the equipment. The agricultural Internet of Things system is compatible with different types of equipment through the bus without the need to develop systems, models, and algorithms, which effectively reduces the cost of agricultural informatization construction and has positive significance for promoting the development of modern agriculture.

[0147] It should be noted that the user information (including but not limited to user device information, user personal information, etc.) and data (including but not limited to data used for analysis, stored data, displayed data, etc.) involved in this application are all information and data authorized by the user or fully authorized by all parties, and the collection, use and processing of relevant data must comply with relevant regulations.

[0148] Any reference to a memory, database or other medium used in the embodiments provided in this application may include at least one of a non-volatile memory and a volatile memory. Non-volatile memory may include a read-only memory, a magnetic tape, a floppy disk, a flash memory, an optical memory, a high-density embedded non-volatile memory, a resistive memory, a magnetic variable memory, a ferroelectric memory, a phase change memory, a graphene memory, etc. Volatile memory may include a random access memory or an external cache memory, etc.

[0149] The database involved in each embodiment provided in this application may include at least one of a relational database and a non-relational database. The non-relational database may include a distributed database based on blockchain, etc., but is not limited thereto. The processor involved in each embodiment provided in this application may be a general-purpose processor, a central processing unit, a graphics processor, a digital signal processor, a programmable logic device, a data processing logic device based on quantum computing, etc., but is not limited thereto.

[0150] The technical features of the above embodiments may be combined arbitrarily. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0151] This article uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and core ideas of this application. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the ideas of this application, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting this application.

Claims

1. An agricultural Internet of Things system, characterized in that: The agricultural Internet of Things system includes: a cloud software subsystem, an edge embedded subsystem and a field equipment integration bus; The cloud software subsystem is connected to the edge embedded subsystem, and the edge embedded subsystem is connected to the field equipment in the agricultural park through the field equipment integrated bus; the field equipment includes monitoring equipment and control equipment, the monitoring equipment is used to collect agricultural park operation data, and the control equipment is used to adjust the production environment in the agricultural park; The cloud software subsystem is used to receive the agricultural park basic data and equipment control request input by the user, and configure the edge-end embedded subsystem and the field equipment in the agricultural park according to the agricultural park basic data, generate an equipment configuration table and a plan instruction set, and push the equipment configuration table, the plan instruction set and the equipment control request to the edge-end embedded subsystem; The edge-end embedded subsystem is used to generate control signals for field equipment based on the Linux operating system according to the device configuration table, the plan instruction set, the device control request and the agricultural park operation data, and to control the operating status of the field equipment in the agricultural park through the field equipment integrated bus.

2. The agricultural Internet of Things system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cloud software subsystem includes: Application program interface, used to receive basic data of agricultural parks and equipment control requests uploaded by user terminals; Agricultural model module, used to build production process databases under different crops, different cultivation modes and different phenological periods; A park management module, connected to the application program interface and the agricultural model module respectively, for determining the crop type and the crop planting plan according to the agricultural park basic data, and determining the target process parameters according to the crop type, the crop planting plan and the production process database; A device definition management module, connected to the park management module, configured to configure the edge embedded subsystem and field equipment in the agricultural park according to the crop type, and generate a device configuration table; The edge task push module is respectively connected to the park management module, the equipment definition management module and the edge embedded subsystem, and is used to generate a plan instruction set according to the target process parameters and the equipment configuration table, and push the equipment configuration table, the plan instruction set and the equipment control request to the edge embedded subsystem.

3. The agricultural Internet of Things system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The application program interface is also used to push production work suggestions to the user terminal.

4. The agricultural Internet of Things system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cloud software subsystem also includes: A growth trend recognition module, connected to the agricultural model module and the park management module respectively, for obtaining growth trend images of crops in the agricultural park, and determining the growth trend of crops in the agricultural park based on the growth trend images and the production process database; The park management module is also used to adjust the target process parameters according to the growth of crops in the agricultural park.

5. The agricultural Internet of Things system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cloud software subsystem also includes: The first communication module is connected to the device definition management module and the edge-end embedded subsystem respectively, and is used to establish communication between the device definition management module and the edge-end embedded subsystem through a message queue telemetry transmission service.

6. The agricultural Internet of Things system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The basic data of the agricultural park include: the geographical location of the park, land division, crop type, production type and target output; the operating data of the agricultural park include production environment data and field equipment operating data.

7. The agricultural Internet of Things system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The edge embedded subsystem includes: A task scheduling module is connected to the cloud software subsystem and is used to schedule multiple parallel tasks based on the device configuration table, the planned instruction set and the device control request, based on the ARM processor and the Linux operating system; wherein the multiple parallel tasks include: instruction reception, instruction execution and data collection; the priority of the device control request is higher than the priority of the planned instruction set; The equipment bus management module is connected to the task scheduling module and the field equipment integrated bus respectively, and is used to control the operating status of the field equipment in the agricultural park through the field equipment integrated bus based on multiple parallel tasks.

8. The agricultural Internet of Things system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The edge embedded subsystem further includes: The data storage module is connected to the cloud software subsystem and the task scheduling module respectively, and is used to store the agricultural park basic data, the agricultural park operation data, the plan instruction set and the operation record in the form of files under the Linux operating system.

9. The agricultural Internet of Things system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The edge embedded subsystem further includes: The second communication module is connected to the cloud software subsystem and the task scheduling module respectively, and is used to establish communication between the cloud software subsystem and the task scheduling module through a message queue telemetry transmission service.

10. The agricultural Internet of Things system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The field equipment integrated bus is also connected to sensors, control signal boards and limit signal boards in the agricultural park; The sensor is used to collect the operation data of the agricultural park; the control signal board is provided with multiple sets of switches and relays; the limit signal board is provided with multiple channels; the switch on the control signal board is connected with the control box switch in the agricultural park, and is used to control the operation status of the field equipment in the agricultural park; The channel on the limit signal board is used to limit the operating status of field equipment in the agricultural park; The field equipment integrated bus is used to send the status of each switch on the control signal board and the status of each channel on the limit signal board to the edge-end embedded subsystem, and adjust the operating status of each relay on the control signal board and the operating status of each channel on the limit signal board according to the control signal generated by the edge-end embedded subsystem to control the operating status of each field equipment in the agricultural park.

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