Low-carbon method for preparing new agricultural material from brewer's grains

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural materials, and relates to a low-carbon method for preparing an agricultural material new material by using brewer's grains, which comprises the following steps: fermenting brewer's grains taken out after saccharification in the beer production process under the condition of no light to obtain the agricultural material new material; the fermentation is divided into six stages; the conditions of the fermentation reaction are regulated and controlled in each stage so as to regulate and control the progress of the fermentation reaction, the first to third stages are brewer's grain aerobic bacteria breeding stages, after brewer's grain aerobic bacteria are bred, organic matters can be decomposed to release viscous substances, so that the brewer's grains are changed into a viscous block state from a loose state, and the fourth to sixth stages are aerobic reaction stages, and along with the proceeding of the aerobic reaction, the viscous substances can be released. The water content of the brewer's grains is gradually reduced, so that the brewer's grains are changed into a loose state from a sticky block state. According to the method, exogenous raw materials and exogenous strains do not need to be added, the fermentation time is short, and the method is low-carbon and environment-friendly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural materials and relates to a low-carbon method for preparing new agricultural materials (i.e. organic fertilizer or feed) by utilizing brewer's grains. Background Art

[0002] Brewer's grains are a by-product of the beer brewing process, and their production is closely linked to the beer brewing process. In the beer production process, malt and grain raw materials (including barley malt, unmalted rice, corn, starch, etc.) are saccharified and decomposed into small molecular water-soluble substances by enzymes in the malt. These substances are then filtered out through filter materials such as malt husks to form transparent wort, while the remaining insoluble residue (mainly composed of malt husks, leaf buds, insoluble proteins, hemicellulose, fat, and a small amount of undecomposed starch and soluble extracts, etc.) is called brewer's grains.

[0003] The existing methods for treating brewer's grains include: incineration, landfill, direct use as organic fertilizer, direct use as feed, conversion into organic fertilizer, conversion into feed. Among them, the two methods of incineration and landfill not only fail to achieve high-value utilization of brewer's grains, but also cause damage to the environment; using brewer's grains directly as organic fertilizer can provide certain nutrients to the soil and improve the soil structure, but its original state may contain impurities or microorganisms that are not conducive to plant growth, and it needs to be properly treated to improve its safety and fertilizer efficiency; when brewer's grains are directly used as feed for livestock, the high moisture and high nutrients in the transportation process of brewer's grains will cause The nature of brewer's grains is high, and the transportation risk is high. Brewer's grains are easy to deteriorate and difficult to store. There is a risk of poisoning during feeding. The livestock and animals fed with them will emit high amounts of methane, which will have an adverse effect on the atmospheric environment. Compared with the previous methods, converting brewer's grains into organic fertilizers can effectively remove harmful substances through biotechnology means such as fermentation and composting, increase the organic matter content and nutrient ratio, and reduce losses during transportation and storage, so that brewer's grains can be used more efficiently and environmentally friendly. This treatment method not only solves the problem of environmental pollution, but also increases the fertilizer value of brewer's grains and promotes the sustainable development of agricultural production. Converting brewer's grains into feed can use a specific fermentation process to convert the macromolecular nutrients in brewer's grains into small molecules that are easier to be absorbed by livestock and animals. At the same time, the water content is greatly reduced during the fermentation process, making brewer's grains easier to transport and store. In addition, this conversion process is similar to the external stomach of livestock and animals, and partial digestion is carried out in advance, thereby reducing the digestion time of the livestock and animals' stomachs, improving the absorption efficiency of nutrients, and also reducing the emission of greenhouse gases such as methane, which plays a positive protective role in the atmospheric environment. Therefore, among the existing methods for processing brewer's grains, the first choice is to convert brewer's grains into organic fertilizer or feed. These two methods not only achieve high-value utilization of brewer's grains, but also reduce environmental pollution, which is of great significance to agricultural production and ecological environmental protection.

[0004] Patent application CN114292133A discloses a process for preparing organic fertilizer by composting and fermenting dark beer lees, wherein dark beer lees, lees decomposition agent (combined bacterial agent of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) and inactivated yeast sludge are uniformly mixed, a pile is built in a fermentation device, and composting fermentation is carried out, wherein the added yeast sludge is used as a nitrogen source for preparing organic fertilizer; ventilation is maintained during composting, the compost is turned over every 3 days, and the fermentation and composting time is 30-35 days; compost at different locations is sampled regularly to detect fermentation indicators, and whether the composting is successful is judged based on its color, smell, hardness, compost leachate, compost volume, etc.

[0005] Literature (Effect of exogenous microbial agents on carbohydrate degradation in brewer's grain composting [J]. Hunan Agricultural Science, 2011, (13): 29-33.) First, the brewer's grains were dried in the sun, and the straw was dried in the sun and then crushed with a grinder. The brewer's grains and straw were then mixed in a mass ratio of 2:1, and water was added to adjust the water content to 65%. Each treatment was inoculated with microbial agents at 20 million effective live bacteria / g fresh weight, stirred evenly, and then placed in plastic barrels for composting. The fermentation time was 25-31 days.

[0006] Patent application CN202011037957.5 discloses an organic fertilizer for planting and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method specifically includes the following steps: S1. Raw material mixing: stir and evenly mix mushroom puree, wine lees and rapeseed residue; S2. Fermentation: evenly add fermentation bacteria to the mixture in step S1 and ferment for 15-20 days.

[0007] Patent application CN201210090826.2 discloses a biological organic compound fertilizer containing humic acid chelates. The product is made from a mixture of chicken manure, pig manure, cow manure, corn straw, rape straw, melon vines, pine husks, husk powder, bran, edible fungus residue, brewer's grains, vinegar residue, starch residue, soy sauce residue, monosodium glutamate residue, oil residue, oil cake, moldy feed, organic fertilizer fermentation agent, humic acid chelated iron, humic acid chelated copper, humic acid chelated magnesium, humic acid chelated zinc, humic acid chelated calcium, and humic acid chelated manganese raw materials. The biological organic compound fertilizer containing humic acid chelates is produced by adding bacteria, fully composting, blending, and granulating, and the fermentation takes 16-20 days.

[0008] Patent application CN201410338294.9 discloses an organic fertilizer for increasing soil fertility and a preparation method thereof. The organic fertilizer for increasing soil fertility is made of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-80 parts of poultry manure, 20-30 parts of earthworm manure, 7-9 parts of urea, 6-8 parts of quicklime, 6-8 parts of eggshells, 6-8 parts of brewer's grains, 5-6 parts of ammonium molybdate, 4-5 parts of manganese sulfate, 3-5 parts of sodium molybdate, 4-5 parts of ferrous sulfate, 4-6 parts of copper sulfate, 3-4 parts of magnesium chloride, 3-6 parts of sodium sulfate, 5-6 parts of edible fungus residue, 4-5 parts of EM bacterial agent, and an appropriate amount of water. The preparation process is fermented for 15-30 days.

[0009] Patent application CN105948831A discloses a method for producing biocontrol fertilizer using brewer's grains, which mainly includes four steps: seed preparation (introducing Beauveria bassiana into SADY liquid culture medium and culturing in a shaker), semi-solid fermentation, solid-state fermentation (taking fresh brewer's grains, adding sugarcane raw sugar powder, mixing thoroughly, and baking), and post-processing technology. The fermentation time is 17-30 days.

[0010] Patent application CN201410479059.3 discloses a method for producing bio-organic fertilizer using beer residue, comprising the steps of: drying the beer residue to a moisture content of less than 50%, mixing evenly with sawdust powder or mushroom residue powder with a moisture content of less than 45%, sterilizing for a short time with steam greater than 105°C, inoculating Bacillus licheniformis and yeast after cooling, adding soluble sugar, and then performing aerobic fermentation and controlling the fermentation temperature not to exceed 60°C. When the moisture content of the material is less than 45%, drying the material to reduce the moisture content of the material to less than 30%. The fermentation time is 15-30 days.

[0011] Patent application CN201611181269.X discloses a fermented feed for marine aquaculture based on salsa alkali-brewery grains, which is prepared by the following steps: fresh salsa alkali, brewer's grains, soybean meal and corn flour are taken, vacuum dried and crushed respectively, mixed in a certain proportion, and then the composite fermentation liquid is added, mixed thoroughly, placed in a fermentation tank for compaction, and sealed with three layers of plastic film, anaerobically fermented for 5-7 days, and low-temperature dried to obtain the fermented feed.

[0012] Patent application CN201911043480.9 discloses a brewer's grains-mixed meal type bio-fermented feed for fish and its preparation method and application. It is prepared according to a method comprising the following steps: inoculating a fermentation agent into a fermentation raw material with brewer's grains as the main component (consisting of brewer's grains, rapeseed meal, cottonseed meal, peanut meal, sesame meal, wheat bran, ammonium chloride, molasses and water) to obtain a fermentation system, fermenting the fermentation system (5 days), and the resulting fermentation product is the bio-fermented feed for fish; the active ingredients of the fermentation agent are composed of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

[0013] In summary, when the existing technology converts brewer's grains into organic fertilizer or feed, there are generally problems such as the need to add exogenous raw materials (the addition of exogenous raw materials not only makes various process factors more uncontrollable, but also leads to difficulties in tracing the product raw materials and blurring the carbon footprint of the entire production chain), the need to add exogenous strains, and long fermentation time.

[0014] In addition, the existing technology for converting brewer's grains into organic fertilizer or feed adopts an extensive production method and lacks fine management, which still emits high amounts of ammonia, carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide, and does not meet the requirements of low-carbon and environmentally friendly production.

[0015] Therefore, it is necessary to propose a method for converting brewer's grains into organic fertilizer or feed that can solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0016] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems existing in the prior art and provide a low-carbon method for preparing new agricultural materials using brewer's grains.

[0017] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0018] A low-carbon method for preparing new agricultural materials using brewer's grains, wherein brewer's grains taken out after saccharification in the beer production process are fermented under light-free conditions to obtain new agricultural materials;

[0019] Fermentation is divided into 6 stages; each stage regulates the conditions of the fermentation reaction to regulate the progress of the fermentation reaction. Stages 1 to 3 are the aerobic bacteria reproduction stage of the brewer's grains. After the aerobic bacteria of the brewer's grains reproduce, they will decompose the organic matter and release sticky substances, causing the brewer's grains to change from a loose state to a sticky state. Stages 4 to 6 are the aerobic reaction stage. As the aerobic reaction proceeds, the moisture content of the brewer's grains gradually decreases, causing the brewer's grains to change from a sticky state to a loose state.

[0020] When the existing technology uses brewer's grains to prepare new agricultural materials, in order to increase the reaction rate, exogenous raw materials and exogenous bacteria are often added, but it is not considered that the aerobic bacteria of the brewer's grains themselves are the most adaptable to the brewer's grains environment. The addition of exogenous bacteria disrupts the original bacterial community of the brewer's grains.

[0021] The present invention fully utilizes the nutrients and flora of the brewer's grains. Without adding any exogenous raw materials and exogenous strains, the conditions of the fermentation reaction are first regulated to allow a large number of beneficial brewer's grain aerobic bacteria to be rapidly enriched, and then the conditions of the fermentation reaction are regulated to allow the aerobic reaction to proceed fully. A typical representative of aerobic reaction is the cell respiration reaction, and its chemical equation is: glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy (ATP). Brewer's grain aerobic bacteria degrade organic matter through metabolism, and the gases produced in the process are mainly carbon dioxide and water. This reaction mechanism utilizes the action of brewer's grain aerobic bacteria, so that organic matter can be effectively decomposed, thereby producing these harmless products, such as humic acid. In addition, the aerobic reaction generates heat, which increases the temperature of the brewer's grains, kills pathogens, parasite eggs and viruses, and the gas discharged from the exhaust system contains a large amount of water, which is condensed by the condensation equipment to form condensed water. After 5-10 days of reaction, the brewer's grains are converted into high-quality organic fertilizer or feed, and the entire reaction process only produces a small amount of waste gas (carbon dioxide) and condensed water. Although the prior art has aerobic fermentation of brewer's grains, it only introduces air or oxygen during the fermentation process, without considering the changes in factors such as the moisture content of the brewer's grains, the temperature of the brewer's grains, and the pH value of the brewer's grains during this process, and thus fails to flexibly control the conditions of the fermentation reaction, ultimately resulting in a fermentation time that is too long.

[0022] As the preferred technical solution:

[0023] In the low-carbon method for preparing new agricultural materials using brewer's grains as described above, the conditions for the fermentation reaction include the initial value of the ambient oxygen content, the initial value of the ambient temperature, the initial value of the ambient relative humidity, the moisture content of the brewer's grains, the ambient relative humidity at the beginning of the air circulation, the ambient oxygen content at the end of the air circulation, the ambient relative humidity at the end of the air circulation, the pH value of the brewer's grains at the end of the air circulation, and the temperature of the brewer's grains at the end of the air circulation.

[0024] In the low-carbon method for preparing new agricultural materials using brewer's grains as described above, the initial value of the ambient oxygen content at each stage is 21% V / V, the initial value of the ambient temperature is 20-30°C, and the initial value of the ambient relative humidity is 50-60%;

[0025] In the first stage, the moisture content of the brewer's grains is maintained at 55-65wt%. During the fermentation process, aerobic microorganisms convert organic materials into water and CO2 through aerobic reactions. This reaction causes the temperature of the material pile to gradually rise, and then the free water on the surface of the material evaporates into the surrounding air, resulting in a continuous decrease in the quality of the material and its own humidity, while the humidity in the surrounding environment increases accordingly. When the relative humidity of the environment reaches 90-100%, air circulation begins until the oxygen content of the environment reaches 15-21%V / V, the relative humidity of the environment drops to 55-65%, and the pH value of the brewer's grains reaches 6-7;

[0026] In the second stage, when the relative humidity reaches 90-100%, air circulation starts until the oxygen content reaches 15-21% V / V, the relative humidity drops to 45-55%, the pH value of the brewer's grains reaches 6-7, the temperature of the brewer's grains reaches 40-50°C, and the moisture content of the brewer's grains drops to 45-55wt%;

[0027] In the third stage, when the relative humidity reaches 90-100%, air circulation starts until the oxygen content reaches 15-21% V / V, the relative humidity drops to 40-50%, the pH value of the brewer's grains reaches 7-8, the temperature of the brewer's grains reaches 50-60°C, and the moisture content of the brewer's grains drops to 40-50wt%;

[0028] In the fourth stage, when the relative humidity reaches 90-100%, air circulation starts until the oxygen content reaches 15-21% V / V, the relative humidity drops to 35-45%, the pH value of the brewer's grains reaches 7.5-8.5, the temperature of the brewer's grains reaches 60-70°C, and the moisture content of the brewer's grains drops to 35-45wt%;

[0029] In the fifth stage, when the relative humidity reaches 90-100%, air circulation starts until the oxygen content reaches 15-21% V / V, the relative humidity drops to 30-40%, the pH value of the brewer's grains reaches 7.5-8.5, the temperature of the brewer's grains reaches 50-60°C, and the moisture content of the brewer's grains drops to 30-40wt%;

[0030] In the 6th stage, when the relative humidity reaches 90-100%, air circulation begins until the ambient oxygen content reaches 15-21% V / V, the relative humidity drops to 20-30%, the pH value of the brewer's grains reaches 7-8, the temperature of the brewer's grains reaches 25-35°C, and the moisture content of the brewer's grains drops to 20-30wt%; monitoring results show that in the 6th stage, the temperature of the brewer's grains is first maintained at 55-65°C, then gradually drops to 35-45°C, and then gradually drops to 25-35°C, indicating that the brewer's grains have fully completed fermentation.

[0031] As described above, a low-carbon method for preparing new agricultural materials using brewer's grains is to separate free liquid from brewer's grains taken out after saccharification in the beer production process before fermentation under light-free conditions; the moisture content of the brewer's grains is maintained at 55-65wt% by spraying liquid.

[0032] In the low-carbon method for preparing new agricultural materials using brewer's grains as described above, the liquid is the free liquid, and the time taken for stages 1 to 6 is 24-48h, 20-24h, 20-24h, 20-24h, 20-24h, and 24-72h, respectively; or, the liquid is water, and the time taken for stages 1 to 6 is 24-84h, 20-24h, 20-24h, 20-24h, 20-24h, 24-72h, respectively.

[0033] In the first stage, the brewer's grains are just produced from the beer brewing process (saccharification, filtration), which are rich in complex nutrients such as protein and crude fiber, and have good physical and chemical properties and nutritional value. At this time, the dominant bacterial flora in the brewer's grains need to be transformed so that the aerobic bacterial flora in the brewer's grains can multiply in large quantities. In this process, the aerobic bacteria in the brewer's grains require a large amount of nutrients. Therefore, the present invention sprays the free liquid (containing 1%-3% sugar) or water on the brewer's grains. In order to ensure the reaction speed, the present invention maintains the moisture content of the brewer's grains at 55-65wt%, which is conducive to the microorganisms in the brewer's grains to generate weak electricity, greatly improving the reaction rate of the brewer's grains.

[0034] The free liquid in the brewer's grains not only serves as an electrolyte, but also contains the dominant bacteria of the brewer's grains themselves. Reusing it not only reduces the cost of wastewater discharge, but also promotes the formation of an efficient reaction system.

[0035] In the low-carbon method for preparing new agricultural materials using brewer's grains as described above, the brewer's grains are in a flat state at each stage, and the thickness of the brewer's grains is 40-50 cm. The brewer's grains can also be in a piled state, but compared with the piled state, the flat state is more conducive to full contact between the brewer's grains and oxygen.

[0036] In the low-carbon method for preparing new agricultural materials using brewer's grains as described above, fermentation is carried out in a multi-layer reactor, the number of layers of the multi-layer reactor is 4-10, and the brewer's grains are transferred from top to bottom in the multi-layer reactor; the number of layers of the multi-layer reactor needs to be adjusted according to the regional climate conditions. If it is a relatively dry area, the multi-layer reactor can be designed to have 4 layers, and the 1st and 2nd stages are carried out in the 1st layer, the 3rd stage is carried out in the 2nd layer, the 4th and 5th stages are carried out in the 3rd layer, and the 6th stage is carried out in the 4th layer. If it is a relatively humid area, the multi-layer reactor can be designed to have 8 layers, and the 1st stage is carried out in the 1st and 2nd layers, the 2nd stage is carried out in the 3rd layer, the 3rd stage is carried out in the 4th layer, the 4th stage is carried out in the 5th layer, the 5th stage is carried out in the 6th layer, and the 6th stage is carried out in the 7th and 8th layers; the purpose of adjusting the number of layers in this way is, on the one hand, to achieve energy saving under different climatic conditions, and on the other hand, to shorten the fermentation time accordingly. For example, in Xinghua City, Jiangsu Province, China, a 6-layer reactor consumes less energy than an 8-layer reactor and has a shorter fermentation time.

[0037] In the low-carbon method for preparing new agricultural materials using brewer's grains as described above, the distance between two adjacent layers in the multilayer reactor is 30-80 cm, and the distance between the bottom layer and the top is 220-470 cm. The brewer's grains are transferred from top to bottom in the multilayer reactor by their own gravity, and the brewer's grains can be fully exposed to oxygen during the transfer process.

[0038] In the low-carbon method for preparing new agricultural materials using brewer's grains as described above, the operation of separating free liquid from brewer's grains occurs during the process of transporting brewer's grains taken out after saccharification in the beer production process to the multi-layer reactor; the moisture content of the brewer's grains just taken out is relatively high, and if the free liquid is not separated from it, the complexity of transportation will increase.

[0039] In the low-carbon method for preparing new agricultural materials using brewer's grains as described above, the outer surface of the multilayer reactor is coated with a thermal insulation coating; the present invention is a green and energy-saving process, which makes full use of the heat generated by the aerobic reaction of brewer's grains, and isolates it with the thermal insulation coating so that the heat is fed back to the inside of the multilayer reactor, promoting the aerobic reaction of microorganisms. At the same time, this heat energy is converted to provide electrical energy for the temperature, humidity, pH, and weak current sensors outside the multilayer reactor, thereby realizing green and low-carbon operation of the entire multilayer reactor.

[0040] As described above, in a low-carbon method for preparing new agricultural materials using brewer's grains, the amount of ammonia in the whole process cycle (i.e., the whole fermentation process) is less than 0.2 mg / m³, the total amount of carbon dioxide and water collected and utilized in the whole process cycle is 600-700 kg / t, and the methane emission in the whole process cycle is less than 2 mg / m 3 , ammonia nitrogen in condensed water during the whole process period <0.3mg / m 3 The dissolved oxygen in the condensed water during the whole process is 5-9 mg / m 3 The pH value of the condensed water during the whole process cycle is 6.5-8.5; the pH value of the new agricultural material is 7-8, the moisture content is 10-20wt%, the N element content is 2.5-3.5wt%, the P element content is 1-2wt%, the K element content is 1-2wt%, the humic acid content is 21.4-35.6wt%, the organic matter content is 64.3-72.4wt%, the crude protein content is 20-25wt%, the crude fiber content is 15-18wt%, the crude fat content is 6-8wt%, aflatoxin is not detected, the vomitoxin content is <0.1mg / kg, and the mycotoxin A content is <5μg / kg. All indicators meet the standards of "NY / T 525-2021 Organic Fertilizer", "GB 13078-2017 Feed Hygiene Standard" and "NY / T 3135-2017 Feed Raw Material Dry Brewer's Grain" standards. It can be seen that the brewer's grains of the present invention have completed aerobic reaction and the quality of the new agricultural material is excellent.

[0041] Beneficial effects:

[0042] The method of the present invention is a green and low-carbon technology. Air circulation can promote the reproduction of nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria in the brewer's grains, inhibit ammonia formation, and convert ammonia generated by ammonia formation into nitrite nitrogen and nitrogen through nitrification and denitrification, thereby effectively reducing ammonia emissions. Air circulation fills the pores of the brewer's grains material with air, so that aerobic microorganisms in the material are enriched in large quantities and fully react aerobically. The reaction products are only carbon dioxide and water, thereby reducing the generation of other greenhouse gases (methane, nitrous oxide, etc.), and the carbon dioxide can be collected and utilized later, so that the entire process has no greenhouse gas emissions.

[0043] The prior art requires the addition of exogenous raw materials when converting brewer's grains into organic fertilizer or feed. The addition of exogenous raw materials not only makes various process factors more uncontrollable, but also leads to difficulty in tracing the source of product raw materials and blurring the carbon footprint of the entire production chain. The present invention can produce high-value-added new agricultural materials using only one raw material, brewer's grains, thereby solving the above problems and providing a new method for the production of green and low-carbon agricultural materials.

[0044] The prior art requires the addition of exogenous bacteria when converting brewer's grains into organic fertilizer or feed. The present invention focuses on the characteristics of brewer's grains and native bacteria, and serves to make native aerobic bacteria the dominant flora for aerobic fermentation.

[0045] The invention converts brewer's grains into organic fertilizer or feed in a short fermentation time (5-10 days), and the product has excellent quality and can be used as organic fertilizer or feed. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. In addition, it should be understood that after reading the content taught by the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to the present invention, and these equivalent forms fall within the scope limited by the appended claims of the application equally.

[0047] The following are the test methods for the relevant performance indicators in each embodiment:

[0048] Moisture, N element, P element content, K element, and organic matter content: all measured in accordance with NYT525-2021 organic fertilizer standards.

[0049] Humic acid content: determined by potentiometric titration.

[0050] Crude protein content: Determined in accordance with GB / T 6432-2018 Determination of crude protein in feeds by Kjeldahl method.

[0051] Crude fiber content: Determined according to the acid-base method standard GB / T 6434-2022 Determination of crude fiber content in feed.

[0052] Crude fat content: Determined in accordance with GB / T 6433-2006 Determination of crude fat in feed.

[0053] Aflatoxin content: Determined according to NY / T2071-2011 Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of aflatoxins, zearalenone and T-2 toxin in feed.

[0054] DON content: Determined according to GB / T30956-2014 Determination of deoxynivalenol in feed - immunoaffinity column purification-high performance liquid chromatography standard.

[0055] Content of mycotoxins A: Determined according to GB / T30957-2014 Determination of mycotoxins in feed without affinity purification-high performance liquid chromatography standard.

[0056] Ammonia volume in the whole process cycle: Determined in accordance with HJ 533-2009 Determination of ammonia in ambient air and waste gas using Nessler's reagent spectrophotometry.

[0057] The amount of carbon dioxide collected and utilized during the entire process cycle is measured using an infrared gas analyzer in accordance with the JJG635-2011 carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide standards.

[0058] Methane emissions during the entire process cycle: Determined in accordance with HJ 1012-2018 Technical requirements and detection methods for portable monitors of total hydrocarbons, methane and non-methane total hydrocarbons in ambient air and exhaust gas.

[0059] Ammonia nitrogen in the condensed water during the whole process cycle: Determined according to the Nessler's reagent spectrophotometric method standard HJ 535-2009 Determination of ammonia nitrogen in water quality.

[0060] Dissolved oxygen in condensed water during the entire process cycle: Determined in accordance with the electrochemical probe method standard HJ 506-2009 for determination of dissolved oxygen in water quality.

[0061] Example 1

[0062] A low-carbon method for preparing new agricultural materials using brewer's grains, the specific steps are as follows:

[0063] (1) Preparation of raw materials;

[0064] Brewer's grains: Barley malt is the main raw material (70wt%), and rice is used as an auxiliary material (30wt%). The malt and rice are mixed and ground, and then mixed with hot water for saccharification. The barley malt and rice are crushed and mixed separately, and then enter the saccharification pot and pass through the filter tank to produce brewer's grains (moisture content 85wt%).

[0065] (2) The brewer's grains taken out after saccharification in the beer production process are first transported to a multi-layer reactor coated with a thermal insulation coating on the outer surface. In this process, the free liquid in the brewer's grains is separated. The brewer's grains are then fermented in the multi-layer reactor under the condition of no light in the following six stages to obtain a new agricultural material:

[0066] In the first stage, the free liquid is sprayed on the brewer's grains to maintain the moisture content of the brewer's grains at 55.21 wt %, and when the relative humidity of the environment reaches 90.12%, air circulation is started until the oxygen content of the environment reaches 15.34% V / V, the relative humidity of the environment drops to 55.21%, and the pH value of the brewer's grains reaches 6.6;

[0067] In the second stage, when the relative humidity reaches 98.45%, air circulation starts until the oxygen content reaches 15.47% V / V, the relative humidity drops to 45.11%, the pH value of the brewer's grains reaches 7, and the temperature of the brewer's grains reaches 41.25°C;

[0068] In the third stage, when the relative humidity reaches 90.12%, air circulation starts until the oxygen content reaches 15.12% V / V, the relative humidity drops to 40.12%, the pH value of the brewer's grains reaches 7.5, and the temperature of the brewer's grains reaches 55.11°C;

[0069] In the fourth stage, when the relative humidity reaches 90.12%, air circulation starts until the oxygen content reaches 15.12% V / V, the relative humidity drops to 37.90%, the pH value of the brewer's grains reaches 7.9, and the temperature of the brewer's grains reaches 65.75°C;

[0070] In the fifth stage, when the relative humidity reaches 90.21%, air circulation starts until the oxygen content reaches 15.15% V / V, the relative humidity drops to 30.12%, the pH value of the brewer's grains reaches 8.5, and the temperature of the brewer's grains reaches 58.5°C;

[0071] In the sixth stage, when the relative humidity reaches 98.78%, air circulation starts until the oxygen content reaches 15.11% V / V, the relative humidity drops to 25.78%, the pH value of the brewer's grains reaches 7.6, and the temperature of the brewer's grains reaches 25.10°C;

[0072] The entire fermentation process was carried out in Shanghai, China; the number of layers of the multilayer reactor was 4, the distance between the first layer and the top was 80 cm, the distance between the first layer and the second layer was 60 cm, the distance between the second layer and the third layer was 50 cm, and the distance between the third layer and the fourth layer was 30 cm; the first and second stages were carried out in the first layer, the third stage was carried out in the second layer, the fourth and fifth stages were carried out in the third layer, and the sixth stage was carried out in the fourth layer; the beer lees were laid flat in each stage, and the thickness of the beer lees was 45 cm; the beer lees were transferred from top to bottom in the multilayer reactor by their own gravity;

[0073] The initial value of the ambient oxygen content in each stage is 21% V / V; the initial value of the ambient temperature in the first stage is 20.10℃, and the initial value of the ambient relative humidity is 55.67%; the first stage takes 36 hours; the initial value of the ambient temperature in the second stage is 25.15℃, and the initial value of the ambient relative humidity is 50.15%; the second stage takes 20 hours; the initial value of the ambient temperature in the third stage is 20.25℃, and the initial value of the ambient relative humidity is 55.65%; the third stage takes 20 hours; the initial value of the ambient temperature in the fourth stage is 25.65℃, and the initial value of the ambient relative humidity is 55.65%; the fourth stage takes 22 hours; the initial value of the ambient temperature in the fifth stage is 20.55℃, and the initial value of the ambient relative humidity is 50.15%; the fifth stage takes 20 hours; the initial value of the ambient temperature in the sixth stage is 20.15℃, and the initial value of the ambient relative humidity is 50.15%; the sixth stage takes 24 hours.

[0074] The ammonia volume of the whole process is <0.2mg / m³, the total collection and utilization of carbon dioxide and water in the whole process is 665kg / t, and the methane emission of the whole process is <2mg / m 3 , ammonia nitrogen in condensed water during the whole process period <0.3mg / m 3 The dissolved oxygen in the condensed water during the whole process is 5.05 mg / m 3 The pH value of the condensed water during the entire process cycle was 6.5; the pH value of the new agricultural material finally obtained was 7.4, the moisture content was 12.65wt%, the N element content was 2.53wt%, the P element content was 1.98wt%, the K element content was 1.15wt%, the humic acid content was 21.4wt%, the organic matter content was 72.4wt%, the crude protein content was 22.65wt%, the crude fiber content was 15.05wt%, the crude fat content was 6.05wt%, aflatoxin was not detected, the vomitoxin content was <0.1mg / kg, and the mycotoxin A content was <5μg / kg.

[0075] Example 2

[0076] A low-carbon method for preparing new agricultural materials using brewer's grains is basically the same as Example 1, except that in the first stage, the free liquid is sprayed on the brewer's grains to maintain the moisture content of the brewer's grains at 50wt%, and the first stage takes 60 hours.

[0077] By comparison, it can be seen that the time consumption of the first stage in Example 2 is significantly longer than that in Example 1. This is because the moisture content of the brewer's grains controlled by Example 2 is relatively low, which is not conducive to the enrichment of dominant aerobic bacteria, resulting in a decrease in the fermentation rate.

[0078] Example 3

[0079] A low-carbon method for preparing new agricultural materials using brewer's grains is basically the same as Example 1, except that: in the first stage, water is sprayed on the brewer's grains to maintain the moisture content of the brewer's grains at 55.21wt%. The first stage takes 72 hours.

[0080] By comparison, it can be seen that the time taken for the first stage in Example 3 is significantly longer than that in Example 1. This is because the liquid sprayed in Example 3 is water. Compared with Example 1, the water lacks dominant bacteria and sugar substances, which promotes a decrease in the fermentation rate of brewer's grains.

[0081] Example 4

[0082] A low-carbon method for preparing new agricultural materials using brewer's grains, the specific steps are as follows:

[0083] (1) Preparation of raw materials;

[0084] Brewer's grains: Barley malt is the main raw material (80wt%), and rice is used as an auxiliary material (20wt%). The malt and rice are mixed and ground, and then mixed with hot water for saccharification. The barley malt and rice are crushed and mixed separately, and then enter the saccharification pot and pass through the filter tank to produce brewer's grains (moisture content is 80wt%).

[0085] (2) The brewer's grains taken out after saccharification in the beer production process are first transported to a multi-layer reactor coated with a thermal insulation coating on the outer surface. In this process, the free liquid in the brewer's grains is separated. The brewer's grains are then fermented in the multi-layer reactor under the condition of no light in the following six stages to obtain a new agricultural material:

[0086] In the first stage, the free liquid is sprayed on the brewer's grains to maintain the moisture content of the brewer's grains at 63.52 wt %. When the relative humidity of the environment reaches 99.21%, air circulation is started until the oxygen content of the environment reaches 18.21% V / V, the relative humidity of the environment drops to 58.62%, and the pH value of the brewer's grains reaches 6.1;

[0087] In the second stage, when the relative humidity reached 90.33%, air circulation began until the oxygen content reached 18.45% V / V, the relative humidity dropped to 49.81%, the pH value of the brewer's grains reached 6.9, and the temperature of the brewer's grains reached 45.12°C;

[0088] In the third stage, when the relative humidity reaches 98.21%, air circulation starts until the oxygen content reaches 17.89% V / V, the relative humidity drops to 45.65%, the pH value of the brewer's grains reaches 7.1, and the temperature of the brewer's grains reaches 50.98°C;

[0089] In the fourth stage, when the relative humidity reaches 99.99%, air circulation begins until the oxygen content reaches 17.45% V / V, the relative humidity drops to 35.12%, the pH value of the brewer's grains reaches 8.3, and the temperature of the brewer's grains reaches 69.25°C;

[0090] In the fifth stage, when the relative humidity reaches 99.99%, air circulation begins until the oxygen content reaches 15.21% V / V, the relative humidity drops to 33.67%, the pH value of the brewer's grains reaches 7.5, and the temperature of the brewer's grains reaches 58.75°C;

[0091] In the sixth stage, when the relative humidity reaches 90.10%, air circulation begins until the oxygen content reaches 15.35% V / V, the relative humidity drops to 29.87%, the pH value of the brewer's grains reaches 7.1, and the temperature of the brewer's grains reaches 27.39°C;

[0092] The whole fermentation process is carried out in Xinghua City, Jiangsu Province, China; the number of layers of the multilayer reactor is 6, the distance between the first layer and the top is 80 cm, the distance between the first layer and the second layer is 60 cm, the distance between the second layer and the third layer is 60 cm, the distance between the third layer and the fourth layer is 60 cm, the distance between the fourth layer and the fifth layer is 50 cm, and the distance between the fifth layer and the sixth layer is 30 cm; the first stage is carried out in the first layer, the second stage is carried out in the second layer, the third stage is carried out in the third layer, the fourth stage is carried out in the fourth layer, the fifth stage is carried out in the fifth layer, and the sixth stage is carried out in the sixth layer; the beer lees in each stage are all in a flat state, and the thickness of the beer lees is 47 cm; the beer lees are transferred from top to bottom in the multilayer reactor by their own gravity;

[0093] The initial value of the ambient oxygen content in each stage is 21% V / V; the initial value of the ambient temperature in the first stage is 30.0℃, and the initial value of the ambient relative humidity is 50.05%; the first stage takes 48 hours; the initial value of the ambient temperature in the second stage is 27.65℃, and the initial value of the ambient relative humidity is 57.98%; the second stage takes 20 hours; the initial value of the ambient temperature in the third stage is 25.65℃, and the initial value of the ambient relative humidity is 55.85%; the third stage takes 24 hours; the initial value of the ambient temperature in the fourth stage is 20.15℃, and the initial value of the ambient relative humidity is 50.15%; the fourth stage takes 24 hours; the initial value of the ambient temperature in the fifth stage is 25.65℃, and the initial value of the ambient relative humidity is 52.65%; the fifth stage takes 22 hours; the initial value of the ambient temperature in the sixth stage is 27.65℃, and the initial value of the ambient relative humidity is 58.75%; the sixth stage takes 72 hours.

[0094] The ammonia volume of the whole process is <0.2mg / m³, the total collection and utilization of carbon dioxide and water in the whole process is 615kg / t, and the methane emission of the whole process is <2mg / m 3 , ammonia nitrogen in condensed water during the whole process period <0.3mg / m 3 The dissolved oxygen in the condensed water during the whole process is 6.75 mg / m 3 The pH value of the condensed water during the entire process cycle is 7; the pH value of the new agricultural material finally obtained is 7.9, the moisture content is 15.85wt%, the N element content is 2.75wt%, the P element content is 1.65wt%, the K element content is 1.75wt%, the humic acid content is 30.95wt%, the organic matter content is 68.95wt%, the crude protein content is 20.15wt%, the crude fiber content is 17.65wt%, the crude fat content is 7.95wt%, aflatoxin is not detected, the vomitoxin content is <0.1mg / kg, and the mycotoxin A content is <5μg / kg.

[0095] Example 5

[0096] A low-carbon method for preparing new agricultural materials using brewer's grains is basically the same as Example 4, except that: in the first stage, water is sprayed on the brewer's grains to maintain the moisture content of the brewer's grains at 63.52wt%. The first stage takes 84h.

[0097] By comparison, it can be seen that the time taken for the first stage in Example 5 is significantly longer than that in Example 4. This is because the liquid sprayed in Example 5 is water. Compared with Example 4, the water lacks dominant bacteria and sugar substances, which promotes a decrease in the fermentation rate of brewer's grains.

[0098] Example 6

[0099] A low-carbon method for preparing new agricultural materials using brewer's grains, the specific steps are as follows:

[0100] (1) Preparation of raw materials;

[0101] Brewer's grains: Barley malt is the main raw material (90wt%), and rice is used as an auxiliary material (10wt%). The malt and rice are mixed and ground, and then mixed with hot water for saccharification. The barley malt and rice are crushed and mixed separately, and then enter the saccharification pot and pass through the filter tank to produce brewer's grains (moisture content is 82wt%).

[0102] (2) The brewer's grains taken out after saccharification in the beer production process are first transported to a multi-layer reactor coated with a thermal insulation coating on the outer surface. In this process, the free liquid in the brewer's grains is separated. The brewer's grains are then fermented in the multi-layer reactor under the condition of no light in the following six stages to obtain a new agricultural material:

[0103] In the first stage, the free liquid is sprayed on the brewer's grains to maintain the moisture content of the brewer's grains at 65.01 wt %, and when the relative humidity of the environment reaches 94.51%, air circulation is started until the oxygen content of the environment reaches 20.59% V / V, the relative humidity of the environment drops to 62.38%, and the pH value of the brewer's grains reaches 6.5;

[0104] In the second stage, when the relative humidity reaches 95.78%, air circulation starts until the oxygen content reaches 16.59% V / V, the relative humidity drops to 55.02%, the pH value of the brewer's grains reaches 7, and the temperature of the brewer's grains reaches 40.89°C;

[0105] In the third stage, when the relative humidity reaches 99.99%, air circulation begins until the oxygen content reaches 20.89% V / V, the relative humidity drops to 47.98%, the pH value of the brewer's grains reaches 7.8, and the temperature of the brewer's grains reaches 50.25°C;

[0106] In the fourth stage, when the relative humidity reaches 98.67%, air circulation starts until the oxygen content reaches 20.21% V / V, the relative humidity drops to 43.78%, the pH value of the brewer's grains reaches 8.5, and the temperature of the brewer's grains reaches 70.05°C;

[0107] In the fifth stage, when the relative humidity reaches 99.99%, air circulation begins until the oxygen content reaches 16.12% V / V, the relative humidity drops to 40.01%, the pH value of the brewer's grains reaches 8, and the temperature of the brewer's grains reaches 53.69°C;

[0108] In the sixth stage, when the relative humidity reaches 99.99%, air circulation begins until the oxygen content reaches 16.85% V / V, the relative humidity drops to 30.05%, the pH value of the brewer's grains reaches 7.8, and the temperature of the brewer's grains reaches 33.25°C;

[0109] The whole fermentation process is carried out in Helsinki, Finland; the number of layers of the multilayer reactor is 8, the distance between the first layer and the top is 80 cm, the distance between the first layer and the second layer is 60 cm, the distance between the second layer and the third layer is 60 cm, the distance between the third layer and the fourth layer is 60 cm, the distance between the fourth layer and the fifth layer is 50 cm, the distance between the fifth layer and the sixth layer is 50 cm, the distance between the sixth layer and the seventh layer is 50 cm, and the distance between the seventh layer and the eighth layer is 30 cm; the first stage is carried out in the first-second layers, the second stage is carried out in the third-fourth layers, the third stage is carried out in the fifth layer, the fourth stage is carried out in the sixth layer, the fifth stage is carried out in the seventh layer, and the sixth stage is carried out in the eighth layer; the beer lees in each stage are all in a flat state, and the thickness of the beer lees is 50 cm; the beer lees are transferred from top to bottom in the multilayer reactor by their own gravity;

[0110] The initial value of the ambient oxygen content in each stage is 21% V / V; the initial value of the ambient temperature in the first stage is 22.35°C, and the initial value of the ambient relative humidity is 59.89%; the first stage takes 24 hours; the initial value of the ambient temperature in the second stage is 30°C, and the initial value of the ambient relative humidity is 59.95%; the second stage takes 24 hours; the initial value of the ambient temperature in the third stage is 28.95°C, and the initial value of the ambient relative humidity is 59.95%; the third stage takes 24 hours; the initial value of the ambient temperature in the fourth stage is 29.95°C, and the initial value of the ambient relative humidity is 58.65%; the fourth stage takes 24 hours; the initial value of the ambient temperature in the fifth stage is 29.85°C, and the initial value of the ambient relative humidity is 59.95%; the fifth stage takes 24 hours; the initial value of the ambient temperature in the sixth stage is 29.85°C, and the initial value of the ambient relative humidity is 55.75%; the sixth stage takes 68 hours.

[0111] The ammonia volume of the whole process is <0.2mg / m³, the total collection and utilization of carbon dioxide and water in the whole process is 600kg / t, and the methane emission of the whole process is <2mg / m 3 , ammonia nitrogen in condensed water during the whole process period <0.3mg / m 3 The dissolved oxygen in the condensed water during the whole process is 9 mg / m 3The pH value of the condensed water during the entire process cycle was 8.5; the pH value of the new agricultural material finally obtained was 7, the moisture content was 10.15wt%, the N element content was 3.25wt%, the P element content was 2.05wt%, the K element content was 2.05wt%, the humic acid content was 32.65wt%, the organic matter content was 66.95wt%, the crude protein content was 24.95wt%, the crude fiber content was 17.95wt%, the crude fat content was 8wt%, aflatoxin was not detected, the vomitoxin content was <0.1mg / kg, and the mycotoxin A content was <5μg / kg.

[0112] Example 7

[0113] A low-carbon method for preparing new agricultural materials using brewer's grains is basically the same as Example 6, except that: in the first stage, the free liquid is sprayed on the brewer's grains to maintain the moisture content of the brewer's grains at 70wt%, and the first stage takes 60 hours.

[0114] By comparison, it can be seen that the time taken for the first stage in Example 7 is significantly longer than that in Example 6. This is because the moisture content of the brewer's grains controlled by Example 7 is relatively high. Since the electrical resistance of water is relatively large, it will be unfavorable for the microorganisms in the brewer's grains to produce weak electricity, which will lead to a lower reaction rate of the brewer's grains.

[0115] Example 8

[0116] A low-carbon method for preparing new agricultural materials using brewer's grains is basically the same as Example 6, except that: in the first stage, water is sprayed on the brewer's grains to maintain the moisture content of the brewer's grains at 65.01wt%. The first stage takes 60 hours.

[0117] By comparison, it can be seen that the time taken for the first stage in Example 8 is significantly longer than that in Example 6. This is because the liquid sprayed in Example 8 is water. Compared with Example 6, the water lacks dominant bacteria and sugar substances, which promotes a decrease in the fermentation rate of brewer's grains.

[0118] Example 9

[0119] A low-carbon method for preparing new agricultural materials using brewer's grains, the specific steps are as follows:

[0120] (1) Preparation of raw materials;

[0121] Brewer's grains: The raw material is barley malt (100wt%), which is ground and mixed with hot water for saccharification, and then passed through a lauter tun to produce brewer's grains (with a moisture content of 81wt%);

[0122] (2) The brewer's grains taken out after saccharification in the beer production process are first transported to a multi-layer reactor coated with a thermal insulation coating on the outer surface. In this process, the free liquid in the brewer's grains is separated. The brewer's grains are then fermented in the multi-layer reactor under the condition of no light in the following six stages to obtain a new agricultural material:

[0123] In the first stage, the free liquid is sprayed on the brewer's grains to maintain the moisture content of the brewer's grains at 60.85 wt %. When the relative humidity of the environment reaches 97.46%, air circulation is started until the oxygen content of the environment reaches 16.78% V / V, the relative humidity of the environment drops to 65.14%, and the pH value of the brewer's grains reaches 6.8;

[0124] In the second stage, when the relative humidity reaches 99.99%, air circulation starts until the oxygen content reaches 20.98% V / V, the relative humidity drops to 53.56%, the pH value of the brewer's grains reaches 7, and the temperature of the brewer's grains reaches 46.85°C;

[0125] In the third stage, when the relative humidity reaches 96.89%, air circulation starts until the oxygen content reaches 21.02% V / V, the relative humidity drops to 50.12%, the pH value of the brewer's grains reaches 7.5, and the temperature of the brewer's grains reaches 58.75°C;

[0126] In the fourth stage, when the relative humidity reaches 99.99%, air circulation begins until the oxygen content reaches 21.05% V / V, the relative humidity drops to 44.99%, the pH value of the brewer's grains reaches 8.2, and the temperature of the brewer's grains reaches 65.67°C;

[0127] In the fifth stage, when the relative humidity reaches 95.89%, air circulation starts until the oxygen content reaches 20.89% V / V, the relative humidity drops to 36.89%, the pH value of the brewer's grains reaches 8.5, and the temperature of the brewer's grains reaches 54.98°C;

[0128] In the sixth stage, when the relative humidity reaches 94.32%, air circulation begins until the oxygen content reaches 20.89% V / V, the relative humidity drops to 22.65%, the pH value of the brewer's grains reaches 7.9, and the temperature of the brewer's grains reaches 29.89°C;

[0129] The whole fermentation process is carried out in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; the number of layers of the multilayer reactor is 10, the distance between the first layer and the top is 80 cm, the distance between the first layer and the second layer is 50 cm, the distance between the second layer and the third layer is 50 cm, the distance between the third layer and the fourth layer is 50 cm, the distance between the fourth layer and the fifth layer is 50 cm, the distance between the fifth layer and the sixth layer is 40 cm, the distance between the sixth layer and the seventh layer is 40 cm, the distance between the seventh layer and the eighth layer is 40 cm, the distance between the eighth layer and the ninth layer is 40 cm, and the distance between the ninth layer and the tenth layer is 30 cm; the first stage is carried out in the first-second layer, the second stage is carried out in the third-fourth layer, the third stage is carried out in the fifth-sixth layer, the fourth stage is carried out in the seventh-eighth layer, the fifth stage is carried out in the ninth layer, and the sixth stage is carried out in the tenth layer; the beer lees in each stage are all in a flat state, and the thickness of the beer lees is 40 cm; the beer lees are transferred from top to bottom in the multilayer reactor by their own gravity;

[0130] The initial value of the ambient oxygen content in each stage is 21% V / V; the initial value of the ambient temperature in the first stage is 25.85°C, and the initial value of the ambient relative humidity is 58.87%; the first stage takes 24 hours; the initial value of the ambient temperature in the second stage is 20.15°C, and the initial value of the ambient relative humidity is 51.21%; the second stage takes 22 hours; the initial value of the ambient temperature in the third stage is 27.85°C, and the initial value of the ambient relative humidity is 52.75%; the third stage takes 22 hours; the initial value of the ambient temperature in the fourth stage is 30°C, and the initial value of the ambient relative humidity is 59.85%; the fourth stage takes 20 hours; the initial value of the ambient temperature in the fifth stage is 24.75°C, and the initial value of the ambient relative humidity is 55.75%; the fifth stage takes 20 hours; the initial value of the ambient temperature in the sixth stage is 26.75°C, and the initial value of the ambient relative humidity is 53.95%; the sixth stage takes 48 hours.

[0131] The ammonia volume of the whole process is <0.2mg / m³, the total collection and utilization of carbon dioxide and water in the whole process is 700kg / t, and the methane emission of the whole process is <2mg / m 3 , ammonia nitrogen in condensed water during the whole process period <0.3mg / m 3 The dissolved oxygen in the condensed water during the whole process is 7.85 mg / m 3The pH value of the condensed water during the entire process cycle is 8; the pH value of the new agricultural material finally obtained is 7.1, the moisture content is 18.75wt%, the N element content is 3.51wt%, the P element content is 1.55wt%, the K element content is 1.45wt%, the humic acid content is 35.6wt%, the organic matter content is 64.3wt%, the crude protein content is 23.85wt%, the crude fiber content is 16.85wt%, the crude fat content is 7.15wt%, aflatoxin is not detected, the vomitoxin content is <0.1mg / kg, and the mycotoxin A content is <5μg / kg.

[0132] Example 10

[0133] A low-carbon method for preparing new agricultural materials using brewer's grains, the specific steps are as follows:

[0134] (1) Preparation of raw materials;

[0135] Brewer's grains: Barley malt is the main raw material (75wt%), and rice is used as an auxiliary material (25wt%). The malt and rice are mixed and ground, and then mixed with hot water for saccharification. The barley malt and rice are crushed and mixed separately, and then enter the saccharification pot and pass through the filter tank to produce brewer's grains (moisture content is 84wt%).

[0136] (2) The brewer's grains taken out after saccharification in the beer production process are first transported to a multi-layer reactor coated with a thermal insulation coating on the outer surface. In this process, the free liquid in the brewer's grains is separated. The brewer's grains are then fermented in the multi-layer reactor under the condition of no light in the following six stages to obtain a new agricultural material:

[0137] In the first stage, the free liquid is sprayed onto the brewer's grains to maintain the moisture content of the brewer's grains at 62.36 wt %. When the relative humidity of the environment reaches 100%, air circulation is started until the oxygen content of the environment reaches 21.04% V / V, the relative humidity of the environment drops to 64.62%, and the pH value of the brewer's grains reaches 6.

[0138] In the second stage, when the relative humidity reaches 99.65%, air circulation starts until the oxygen content reaches 21.12% V / V, the relative humidity drops to 54.98%, the pH value of the brewer's grains reaches 6.1, and the temperature of the brewer's grains reaches 48.89°C;

[0139] In the third stage, when the relative humidity reaches 99.56%, air circulation begins until the oxygen content reaches 19.68% V / V, the relative humidity drops to 49.87%, the pH value of the brewer's grains reaches 7.1, and the temperature of the brewer's grains reaches 58.68°C;

[0140] In the fourth stage, when the relative humidity reaches 97.89%, air circulation starts until the oxygen content reaches 19.67% V / V, the relative humidity drops to 42.31%, the pH value of the brewer's grains reaches 8.1, and the temperature of the brewer's grains reaches 69.85°C;

[0141] In the fifth stage, when the relative humidity reaches 98.97%, air circulation starts until the oxygen content reaches 20.87% V / V, the relative humidity drops to 38.98%, the pH value of the brewer's grains reaches 8.5, and the temperature of the brewer's grains reaches 54.69°C;

[0142] In the sixth stage, when the relative humidity reached 91.21%, air circulation began until the oxygen content reached 20.91% V / V, the relative humidity dropped to 20.19%, the pH value of the brewer's grains reached 8, and the temperature of the brewer's grains reached 34.67°C;

[0143] The entire fermentation process was carried out in Shanghai, China; the number of layers of the multilayer reactor was 4, the distance between the first layer and the top was 80 cm, the distance between the first layer and the second layer was 60 cm, the distance between the second layer and the third layer was 50 cm, and the distance between the third layer and the fourth layer was 30 cm; the first and second stages were carried out in the first layer, the third stage was carried out in the second layer, the fourth and fifth stages were carried out in the third layer, and the sixth stage was carried out in the fourth layer; the beer lees were laid flat in each stage, and the thickness of the beer lees was 43 cm; the beer lees were transferred from top to bottom in the multilayer reactor by their own gravity;

[0144] The initial value of the ambient oxygen content in each stage is 21% V / V; the initial value of the ambient temperature in the first stage is 29.89°C, and the initial value of the ambient relative humidity is 57.77%; the first stage takes 36 hours; the initial value of the ambient temperature in the second stage is 28.95°C, and the initial value of the ambient relative humidity is 54.65%; the second stage takes 24 hours; the initial value of the ambient temperature in the third stage is 29.95°C, and the initial value of the ambient relative humidity is 50.15%; the third stage takes 20 hours; the initial value of the ambient temperature in the fourth stage is 28.95°C, and the initial value of the ambient relative humidity is 58.75%; the fourth stage takes 20 hours; the initial value of the ambient temperature in the fifth stage is 30°C, and the initial value of the ambient relative humidity is 58.75%; the fifth stage takes 24 hours; the initial value of the ambient temperature in the sixth stage is 20.35°C, and the initial value of the ambient relative humidity is 59.95%; the sixth stage takes 72 hours.

[0145] The ammonia volume of the whole process is <0.2mg / m³, the total collection and utilization of carbon dioxide and water in the whole process is 605kg / t, and the methane emission of the whole process is <2mg / m 3 , ammonia nitrogen in condensed water during the whole process period <0.3mg / m3 The dissolved oxygen in the condensed water during the whole process is 8.75 mg / m 3 The pH value of the condensed water during the entire process cycle was 7.5; the pH value of the new agricultural material finally obtained was 8, the moisture content was 20.05wt%, the N element content was 3.25wt%, the P element content was 1.05wt%, the K element content was 1.05wt%, the humic acid content was 33.75wt%, the organic matter content was 65.3wt%, the crude protein content was 25.05wt%, the crude fiber content was 15.95wt%, the crude fat content was 6.85wt%, aflatoxin was not detected, the vomitoxin content was <0.1mg / kg, and the mycotoxin A content was <5μg / kg.

Claims

1. A low-carbon method for preparing new agricultural materials using brewer's grains, characterized in that: The brewer's grains taken out after saccharification in the beer production process are fermented under light-free conditions to obtain new agricultural materials; Fermentation is divided into 6 stages; the conditions of the fermentation reaction are regulated in each stage to regulate the progress of the fermentation reaction. Stages 1 to 3 are the aerobic bacteria reproduction stages of brewer's grains, and stages 4 to 6 are the aerobic reaction stages.

2. A low-carbon method for preparing new agricultural materials using brewer's grains according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conditions of the fermentation reaction include the initial value of the ambient oxygen content, the initial value of the ambient temperature, the initial value of the ambient relative humidity, the moisture content of the brewer's grains, the ambient relative humidity at the beginning of the air circulation, the ambient oxygen content at the end of the air circulation, the ambient relative humidity at the end of the air circulation, the pH value of the brewer's grains at the end of the air circulation, and the temperature of the brewer's grains at the end of the air circulation.

3. A low-carbon method for preparing new agricultural materials using brewer's grains according to claim 2, characterized in that: The initial value of the ambient oxygen content in each stage is 21% V / V, the initial value of the ambient temperature is 20-30°C, and the initial value of the ambient relative humidity is 50-60%; In the first stage, the moisture content of the brewer's grains is maintained at 55-65wt%. When the relative humidity of the environment reaches 90-100%, air circulation is started until the oxygen content of the environment reaches 15-21%V / V, the relative humidity of the environment drops to 55-65%, and the pH value of the brewer's grains reaches 6-7; In the second stage, when the relative humidity reaches 90-100%, air circulation begins until the oxygen content reaches 15-21% V / V, the relative humidity drops to 45-55%, the pH value of the brewer's grains reaches 6-7, and the temperature of the brewer's grains reaches 40-50°C; In the third stage, when the relative humidity reaches 90-100%, air circulation begins until the oxygen content reaches 15-21% V / V, the relative humidity drops to 40-50%, the pH value of the brewer's grains reaches 7-8, and the temperature of the brewer's grains reaches 50-60°C; In the fourth stage, when the relative humidity reaches 90-100%, air circulation begins until the oxygen content reaches 15-21% V / V, the relative humidity drops to 35-45%, the pH value of the brewer's grains reaches 7.5-8.5, and the temperature of the brewer's grains reaches 60-70°C; In the fifth stage, when the relative humidity reaches 90-100%, air circulation begins until the oxygen content reaches 15-21% V / V, the relative humidity drops to 30-40%, the pH value of the brewer's grains reaches 7.5-8.5, and the temperature of the brewer's grains reaches 50-60°C; In the sixth stage, when the relative humidity reaches 90-100%, air circulation begins until the ambient oxygen content reaches 15-21% V / V, the relative humidity drops to 20-30%, the pH value of the brewer's grains reaches 7-8, and the temperature of the brewer's grains reaches 25-35°C.

4. A low-carbon method for preparing new agricultural materials using brewer's grains according to claim 3, characterized in that: Before fermenting the beer lees taken out after saccharification in the beer production process under light-free conditions, free liquid in the beer lees is separated; the moisture content of the beer lees is maintained at 55-65wt% by spraying liquid.

5. A low-carbon method for preparing new agricultural materials using brewer's grains according to claim 4, characterized in that: The liquid is the free liquid, and the durations of stages 1 to 6 are 24-48h, 20-24h, 20-24h, 20-24h, 20-24h, and 24-72h, respectively; or, the liquid is water, and the durations of stages 1 to 6 are 24-84h, 20-24h, 20-24h, 20-24h, 20-24h, 24-72h, respectively.

6. A low-carbon method for preparing new agricultural materials using brewer's grains according to claim 1, characterized in that: The brewer's grains at each stage are laid flat, and the thickness of the brewer's grains is 40-50cm.

7. A low-carbon method for preparing new agricultural materials using brewer's grains according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fermentation is carried out in a multi-layer reactor having 4 to 10 layers, and the brewer's grains are transferred from top to bottom in the multi-layer reactor.

8. A low-carbon method for preparing new agricultural materials using brewer's grains according to claim 7, characterized in that: The distance between two adjacent layers in the multi-layer reactor is 30-80 cm, and the distance between the bottom layer and the top layer is 220-470 cm. The brewer's grains are transferred from top to bottom in the multi-layer reactor by their own gravity.

9. A low-carbon method for preparing new agricultural materials using brewer's grains according to claim 7, characterized in that: The outer surface of the multilayer reactor is coated with a thermal insulation coating.

10. The low-carbon method for preparing new agricultural materials using brewer's grains according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ammonia volume of the whole process is <0.2mg / m³, the total collection and utilization of carbon dioxide and water in the whole process is 600-700kg / t, and the methane emission of the whole process is <2mg / m 3 , ammonia nitrogen in condensed water during the whole process period <0.3mg / m 3 The dissolved oxygen in the condensed water during the whole process is 5-9 mg / m 3 The pH value of the condensed water during the entire process cycle is 6.5-8.5; the pH value of the new agricultural materials is 7-8, the moisture content is 10-20wt%, the N element content is 2.5-3.5wt%, the P element content is 1-2wt%, the K element content is 1-2wt%, the humic acid content is 21.4-35.6wt%, the organic matter content is 64.3-72.4wt%, the crude protein content is 20-25wt%, the crude fiber content is 15-18wt%, the crude fat content is 6-8wt%, aflatoxin is not detected, the vomitoxin content is <0.1mg / kg, and the mycotoxin A content is <5μg / kg.