Preparation method and preparation device of antibacterial superfine fiber

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of non-woven materials, and discloses a preparation method and a preparation device of antibacterial superfine fibers. The preparation device of the antibacterial superfine fiber comprises a hot air pipeline primary feeder; a heater is arranged at one end of the hot air pipeline, the other end of the hot air pipeline is communicated into an air knife edge of the melt-blowing assembly, and the heater is used for heating air in the hot air pipeline and drafting melt flowing out of spinneret orifices of the melt-blowing assembly; and the feeder is provided with a discharge port, and the discharge port is communicated into the hot air pipeline so as to convey an antibacterial agent into the hot air pipeline. The antibacterial agent is mainly gathered on the surface of the fiber, the antibacterial effect is better, the dosage of the used antibacterial agent is greatly reduced, the preparation device of the antibacterial superfine fiber is simple in structure, the original melt-blowing processing technology does not need to be changed, and the adding effect of the antibacterial agent is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of nonwoven materials, and in particular to a method for preparing antibacterial ultrafine fibers and a preparation device thereof. Background Art

[0002] At present, there are two main methods for preparing conventional antibacterial fibers: fiber coating and melt blending. Fiber coating is to coat the antibacterial agent on the fiber surface through an adhesive to achieve antibacterial effect, but there are problems such as easy detachment of the antibacterial agent, weakened antibacterial effect, poor bending and washing resistance, and affecting the comfort and appearance of the fabric; melt blending is to add the antibacterial agent to the polymer melt, mix and disperse it, and then spin it to prepare antibacterial and antiviral fibers.

[0003] However, the preparation of existing antibacterial fibers has the following two problems: 1. The antibacterial agent has poor dispersibility in the polymer melt, and the addition of the antibacterial agent can easily cause spinning difficulties and poor antibacterial effect; 2. Conventional fibers are relatively coarse in diameter and have a small specific surface area, and most of the antibacterial agent is covered by the polymer melt, so there is less antibacterial agent exposed on the fiber surface to play an antibacterial role, and the antibacterial effect is weak. In addition, the preparation method of conventional antibacterial ultrafine fibers is generally a composite spinning process, which is obtained by composite spinning of a water-soluble polymer and a polymer with an antibacterial agent added, and then dissolving the water-soluble polymer. The process is complex, the cost is high, and the water-soluble polyester solution needs to be treated. Summary of the invention

[0004] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing antibacterial ultrafine fibers and a preparation device thereof, aiming to solve the problem of poor effect of adding antibacterial agents.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a device for preparing antibacterial ultrafine fibers, comprising:

[0006] A hot air duct, one end of which is provided with a heater, and the other end of which is connected to the air knife of the meltblown component, wherein the heater is used to heat the air in the hot air duct to stretch the melt flowing out of the spinneret hole of the meltblown component; and

[0007] The feeder has a discharge port, and the discharge port is connected to the hot air duct to transport the antibacterial agent into the hot air duct.

[0008] In one embodiment, the feeder is a screw powder feeder.

[0009] In one embodiment, the distance between the discharge port and the heater is smaller than the distance between the discharge port and the meltblowing component.

[0010] In one embodiment, the device for preparing antibacterial ultrafine fibers also includes a negative pressure suction device and a sedimentation chamber connected to the negative pressure suction device. The negative pressure suction device sucks non-adherent antibacterial agent and hot air into the connected sedimentation chamber to collect the antibacterial agent after cooling and deceleration by sedimentation, and the gas is discharged from the outlet after filtering impurities or recycled.

[0011] In one embodiment, the feeder is provided with a nano antibacterial agent.

[0012] In one embodiment, the nano antibacterial agent includes at least one of nano titanium dioxide antibacterial agent, zinc oxide antibacterial agent, cuprous oxide antibacterial agent, activated carbon silver antibacterial agent, zirconium phosphate silver antibacterial agent, quaternary ammonium salt antibacterial agent, biguanide antibacterial agent, organic metal compound antibacterial agent and halogenated alkyl antibacterial agent.

[0013] The present invention also provides a method for preparing antibacterial ultrafine fibers, comprising the device for preparing antibacterial ultrafine fibers according to any one of the above, wherein the method for preparing antibacterial ultrafine fibers comprises the following steps:

[0014] Adding polymer raw materials into the extruder feed port of the melt-blown component, and adding nano antibacterial agent into the feeder;

[0015] The extruder of the melt-blown component works to melt the polymer raw material into a melt, and the melt passes through a filter and a metering pump, enters the melt-blown spinning component, and then flows out from the melt-blown spinneret hole;

[0016] The hot air duct sprays hot air from the air knife, and the melt is stretched by the hot air flow containing the nano antibacterial agent to form ultrafine fibers;

[0017] The antibacterial agent in the hot air flow during the drawing process is embedded in the surface of the ultrafine fibers, and the ultrafine fibers are collected on a mesh curtain to prepare antibacterial ultrafine fibers.

[0018] The present invention also provides an antibacterial ultrafine fiber, which is made by the antibacterial ultrafine fiber preparation device described in any one of the above, and comprises a high molecular polymer and a nano antibacterial agent.

[0019] In one embodiment, the high molecular polymer is a thermoplastic polymer, including any one of polypropylene, polyethylene, polyamide, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polylactic acid, polybutylene adipate terephthalate and polyphenylene sulfide.

[0020] In one embodiment, the dosage of the nano antibacterial agent is 0.05-1% of the mass of the high molecular weight polymer.

[0021] The present invention provides a device for preparing antibacterial ultrafine fibers, wherein a heater is provided at one end of the hot air duct, and the other end is connected to the air knife edge of the meltblown component, and the discharge port of the feeder is connected to the hot air duct; during the use of the device for preparing antibacterial ultrafine fibers, the raw material is melted through the melting section of the extruder of the meltblown component, and the melt passes through a filter and a metering pump and enters the meltblown spinning component and then flows out from the meltblown spinneret hole, the feeder conveys an antibacterial agent into the hot air duct, the heater is used to heat the air in the hot air duct, and passes through the discharge port of the feeder, carrying the antibacterial agent and blowing onto the melt, thereby pulling the antibacterial agent. The melt is stretched to form ultrafine fibers, and the antimicrobial agent in the hot air flow during the stretching process is embedded in the surface of the ultrafine fibers. When the polymer is still in a molten state, the antimicrobial agent is evenly adhered to the melt of the ultrafine fibers, and after the fibers are stretched and cooled, the antimicrobial agent can be embedded to form the surface of the ultrafine fibers; no antimicrobial agent is added during the polymer melt extrusion process, and there is no need to consider the dispersion of the antimicrobial agent in the polymer melt, and there is no effect on the extrusion and spinning processes, and the antimicrobial agent is mainly gathered on the fiber surface, so the antimicrobial effect is better; the dosage of the antimicrobial agent used is greatly reduced; the preparation device of the antimicrobial ultrafine fibers has a simple structure, and there is no need to change the original melt-blown processing technology, thereby ensuring the effect of adding the antimicrobial agent. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is a simplified structural diagram of a device for preparing antibacterial ultrafine fibers provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is an antibacterial culture detection diagram of Staphylococcus aureus in Example 1 provided by the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 This is the antibacterial culture detection diagram of Escherichia coli in Example 2 provided by the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 This is an antibacterial culture detection diagram of Staphylococcus aureus in Comparative Example 1 provided by the present invention.

[0026] Description of Figure Numbers:

[0027] 100. Device for preparing antibacterial ultrafine fibers; 1. hot air duct; 11. heater; 2. feeder.

[0028] The realization of the purpose, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] It should be noted that if the embodiments of the present invention involve directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.), the directional indications are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement status, etc. between the components under a certain specific posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0031] In addition, if there are descriptions involving "first", "second", etc. in the embodiments of the present invention, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In addition, the meaning of "and / or" appearing in the full text includes three parallel schemes. Taking "A and / or B" as an example, it includes scheme A, or scheme B, or a scheme that satisfies both A and B. In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the ability of ordinary technicians in the field to implement. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

[0032] See also Figure 1 The present invention provides an antibacterial ultrafine fiber preparation device 100, comprising a hot air duct 1 and a feeder 2; the hot air duct 1 is provided with a heater 11 at one end, and the other end is connected to the air knife of the meltblown component, the heater 11 is used to heat the air in the hot air duct 1, and to stretch the melt flowing out of the spinneret hole of the meltblown component; the feeder 2 has a discharge port, and the discharge port is connected to the hot air duct 1 to transport the antibacterial agent into the hot air duct 1.

[0033] The present invention provides an antibacterial ultrafine fiber preparation device 100, wherein a heater 11 is provided at one end of the hot air duct 1, and the other end is connected to the air knife edge of the melt-blown component, and the discharge port of the feeder 2 is connected to the hot air duct 1. During the use of the antibacterial ultrafine fiber preparation device 100, the raw material is melted through the extruder melting section of the melt-blown component to form a melt, and flows out through the spinneret hole of the melt-blown spinneret, and the feeder 2 conveys the antibacterial agent into the hot air duct 1. The heater is used to heat the air in the hot air duct 1, and the air passes through the discharge port of the feeder 2, and is blown onto the melt together with the antibacterial agent, and the drafting is performed. The melt forms ultrafine fibers, and the antimicrobial agent in the hot air flow during the drawing process is embedded in the surface of the ultrafine fibers. When the polymer is still in a molten state, the antimicrobial agent is evenly adhered to the melt of the ultrafine fibers. After the fibers are drawn and cooled, the antimicrobial agent can be embedded to form the surface of the ultrafine fibers. No antimicrobial agent is added during the polymer melt extrusion process, and there is no need to consider the dispersion of the antimicrobial agent in the polymer melt, and there is no effect on the extrusion and spinning processes. The antimicrobial agent is mainly concentrated on the fiber surface, so the antimicrobial effect is better, and the dosage of the antimicrobial agent used is greatly reduced. The preparation device of the antimicrobial ultrafine fibers has a simple structure, does not need to change the original melt-blown processing technology, and ensures the effect of adding the antimicrobial agent.

[0034] It should be noted that the feeder is used to deliver the antimicrobial agent into the hot air duct 1 as long as it can achieve the feeding function, for example, the antimicrobial agent is delivered into the hot air duct 1 directly by falling by its own weight.

[0035] Specifically, in this embodiment, the feeder 2 is a screw-type powder feeder, so as to accurately input the powder.

[0036] The screw powder feeder may be a single screw or a twin screw to continuously and quantitatively feed the antimicrobial agent into the hot air duct 1 .

[0037] In this embodiment, the distance between the discharge port and the heater 11 is smaller than the distance between the discharge port and the meltblowing assembly, so that the discharge port of the feeder 2 is closer to one side of the heater to ensure that the antibacterial agent can be fully heated during the blowing process.

[0038] On the other hand, the antibacterial ultrafine fiber preparation device 100 also includes a negative pressure suction device and a sedimentation chamber connected to the negative pressure suction device. The negative pressure suction device sucks the non-adherent antibacterial agent and hot air into the connected sedimentation chamber to collect the antibacterial agent after cooling and deceleration by sedimentation, and the gas is discharged from the outlet after filtering impurities or recycled.

[0039] In the embodiment provided by the present invention, a nano antibacterial agent is provided in the feeder, wherein the nano antibacterial agent includes at least one of nano titanium dioxide antibacterial agent, zinc oxide antibacterial agent, cuprous oxide antibacterial agent, activated carbon silver antibacterial agent, zirconium phosphate silver antibacterial agent, quaternary ammonium salt antibacterial agent, biguanide antibacterial agent, organic metal compound antibacterial agent and halogenated alkyl antibacterial agent.

[0040] Based on the above-mentioned antibacterial ultrafine fiber preparation device, the antibacterial ultrafine fiber preparation method comprises the following steps:

[0041] S10, adding the polymer raw material to the feed port of the extruder connected to the melt-blown assembly, and adding the nano antibacterial agent into the feeder;

[0042] S20, the extruder connected to the meltblowing assembly works to melt the polymer raw material to form a melt, and the melt passes through a filter and a metering pump and enters the meltblowing spinning assembly and then flows out from the meltblowing spinneret hole;

[0043] S30, the hot air duct sprays hot air from the air knife edge, and the melt is stretched by the hot air flow containing the nano antibacterial agent to form ultrafine fibers;

[0044] During the drawing process, the antibacterial agent in the hot air flow is embedded in the surface of the microfiber, and the microfiber is collected on the mesh curtain to prepare the antibacterial microfiber.

[0045] Based on the above-mentioned device for preparing antibacterial ultrafine fibers, the present invention further provides an antibacterial ultrafine fiber, which is made by the above-mentioned device for preparing antibacterial ultrafine fibers. The antibacterial ultrafine fiber comprises a high molecular polymer and a nano antibacterial agent.

[0046] Wherein, the high molecular polymer is a thermoplastic polymer, including any one of polypropylene, polyethylene, polyamide, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polylactic acid, polybutylene adipate terephthalate and polyphenylene sulfide.

[0047] Furthermore, the dosage of the nano antibacterial agent is 0.05-1% of the mass of the high molecular polymer.

[0048] Based on the above-mentioned antibacterial ultrafine fiber preparation device 100, the present invention provides the following specific embodiments:

[0049] Example 1: Add the dried polyethylene terephthalate (PET) particles into the extruder. After melt plasticization, the melt passes through the filter and metering pump, enters the melt-blown spinning assembly, and then flows out from the melt-blown spinneret. The nano-zirconium phosphate silver-loaded antibacterial agent is added to the hot air duct through a screw powder feeder, and is blown out through the wind knife after being dispersed and heated by the hot air. The PET melt stream flowing out of the spinneret is drawn into melt-blown ultrafine fibers. At the same time, the nano-zirconium phosphate silver-loaded antibacterial agent particles are embedded in the surface of the PET ultrafine fibers to form PET antibacterial ultrafine fibers. The extruder temperature is 260-275°C, the melt-blown assembly is 270-280°C, and the hot air temperature is 275-290°C. The diameter of the formed PET antibacterial ultrafine fibers is 0.8-5 microns; the amount of antibacterial agent added is 0.5% of the mass of PET; please refer to Figure 2 Among them, the antibacterial culture test of Staphylococcus aureus showed that the antibacterial effect of the antibacterial microfiber on Staphylococcus aureus was as high as 99%.

[0050] Example 2: The dried polypropylene particles are added to the extruder, and after being melted and plasticized, the melt passes through the filter and the metering pump, enters the melt-blown spinning assembly, and then flows out from the melt-blown spinneret hole. The nano-cuprous oxide antibacterial agent is added to the hot air duct through a screw powder feeder, and is blown out through the wind knife after being dispersed and heated by the hot air, and the polypropylene melt fine flow flowing out of the spinneret hole is drawn into melt-blown ultrafine fibers, and at the same time, the nano-cuprous oxide antibacterial agent particles are embedded in the surface of the polypropylene ultrafine fibers to form polypropylene antibacterial ultrafine fibers.

[0051] The extruder temperature is 245-265°C, the melt-blown assembly temperature is 255-270°C, and the hot air temperature is 260-280°C. The diameter of the antibacterial polypropylene microfibers is 0.5-3 microns. Please refer to Figure 3 Among them, the antibacterial culture test of Escherichia coli was carried out, and the amount of antibacterial agent added was 0.6% of the mass of polypropylene; the antibacterial effect of the antibacterial microfiber on Escherichia coli was as high as 95%.

[0052] The present invention also provides a comparative example of conventionally prepared antibacterial ultrafine fibers:

[0053] See also Figure 4 Comparative Example 1: After drying PET particles, water-soluble polyester particles and nano zirconium phosphate silver antibacterial agent, composite antibacterial fiber was spun by sea island composite spinning process. The spinning extrusion temperature was 260-275°C, the composite spinning box temperature was 270°C, and the composite fiber diameter was 23-25 ​​microns.

[0054] The composite fiber is placed in a sodium hydroxide solution with a mass concentration of 0.8%, and soaked at a temperature of 65°C for 30 minutes to dissolve the water-soluble polyester. After washing and drying, the antibacterial polyester ultrafine fiber is obtained; the fiber is approximately round and has a fineness of 2 to 6 microns. The amount of antibacterial agent added is 0.5% of the mass of PET; please refer to Figure 4 Among them, the antibacterial culture test of Staphylococcus aureus showed that the antibacterial effect of the antibacterial microfiber on Staphylococcus aureus was 70%.

[0055] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for preparing antibacterial ultrafine fibers, characterized in that: include: A hot air duct, one end of which is provided with a heater, and the other end of which is connected to the air knife of the meltblown component, wherein the heater is used to heat the air in the hot air duct to stretch the melt flowing out of the spinneret hole of the meltblown component; and The feeder has a discharge port, and the discharge port is connected to the hot air duct to transport the antibacterial agent into the hot air duct.

2. The device for preparing antibacterial ultrafine fibers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeder is a screw type powder feeder.

3. The device for preparing antibacterial ultrafine fibers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance between the discharge port and the heater is smaller than the distance between the discharge port and the meltblowing component.

4. The device for preparing antibacterial ultrafine fibers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The device for preparing antibacterial ultrafine fibers also includes a negative pressure suction device and a sedimentation chamber connected to the negative pressure suction device. The negative pressure suction device sucks non-adherent antibacterial agent and hot air into the connected sedimentation chamber to collect the antibacterial agent after cooling and deceleration by sedimentation, and the gas is discharged from the outlet after filtering impurities or recycled.

5. The device for preparing antibacterial ultrafine fibers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeder is provided with a nano antibacterial agent.

6. The device for preparing antibacterial ultrafine fibers according to claim 5, characterized in that: The nano antibacterial agent includes at least one of nano titanium dioxide antibacterial agent, zinc oxide antibacterial agent, cuprous oxide antibacterial agent, activated carbon silver antibacterial agent, zirconium phosphate silver antibacterial agent, quaternary ammonium salt antibacterial agent, biguanide antibacterial agent, organic metal compound antibacterial agent and halogenated alkyl antibacterial agent.

7. A method for preparing antibacterial ultrafine fibers, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: Adding polymer raw materials into the extruder feed port of the melt-blown component, and adding nano antibacterial agent into the feeder; The extruder of the melt-blown component works to melt the polymer raw material into a melt, and the melt passes through a filter and a metering pump, enters the melt-blown spinning component, and then flows out from the melt-blown spinneret hole; When the heater is working, the hot air duct drives the nano antibacterial agent to spray hot air into the air knife edge, and the melt is stretched by the hot air flow containing the nano antibacterial agent to form ultrafine fibers; The antibacterial agent in the hot air flow during the drawing process is embedded in the surface of the ultrafine fibers, and the ultrafine fibers are collected on a mesh curtain to prepare antibacterial ultrafine fibers.

8. An antibacterial ultrafine fiber, made by the antibacterial ultrafine fiber preparation device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: Including high molecular polymers and nano antibacterial agents.

9. The antibacterial ultrafine fiber according to claim 8, characterized in that: The high molecular polymer is a thermoplastic polymer, including any one of polypropylene, polyethylene, polyamide, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polylactic acid, polybutylene adipate terephthalate and polyphenylene sulfide.

10. The antibacterial ultrafine fiber according to claim 8, characterized in that: The dosage of the nano antibacterial agent is 0.05-1% of the mass of the high molecular polymer.

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