Novel impact fluctuation pressure measuring device and measuring method

Abstract

The invention relates to a novel impact fluctuation pressure measuring device and method, a laser is arranged to emit an initial light beam, two laser interferometers are utilized to generate two groups of interference signals respectively, and the first interference signal is obtained by interference of the initial light beam and a light beam reflected by a test field; the second interference signal is obtained through interference of the initial light beam and the light beam refracted by the test field, the information collecting and processing system collects and processes the two interference signals, the medium density and the shock wave flow velocity of the test field are detected, and the impact fluctuation pressure is obtained through calculation. According to the novel impact fluctuation pressure measuring device and the novel impact fluctuation pressure measuring method, the advantages of optical detection non-contact measurement are fully utilized, impact waves are not interfered, and the novel impact fluctuation pressure measuring device and the novel impact fluctuation pressure measuring method are breakthrough in the impact fluctuation pressure detection principle. The method also has the advantages of high measurement precision and suitability for multi-environment measurement. The patent is subsidized by national key research and development plans, the project name is an olefin production safety intelligent decision-making system based on the digital twin technology, and the project number is 2023YFC3082000.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of explosion field testing technology, and in particular to a novel shock wave pressure measuring device and measuring method; this patent is funded by the National Key R&D Program, the project name is: Olefin production safety intelligent decision-making system based on digital twin technology, project number: 2023YFC3082000. Background Art

[0002] The shock wave generated by the explosion of weapons and ammunition on the ground and in the air is one of the main factors of killing and destroying the target object, and the killing and destructive effect of the shock wave mainly depends on the size and duration of the overpressure and dynamic pressure. Dynamic pressure refers to the impact pressure generated by the high-speed airflow in the shock wave in its direction of movement, which is manifested as the impact of the high-speed airflow on the target, which can cause the target to deform, translate, flip, and throw. The derailment, tumbling, and collision with the ground caused by dynamic pressure are the fundamental causes of the destruction of the target object.

[0003] The evaluation of the shock wave effect requires the measurement of shock wave pressure. At present, the main methods for measuring shock wave pressure are the total pressure static pressure method, the drag force method and the passive test method. The total pressure static pressure method is to arrange the free field pressure sensor parallel to the direction of the shock wave, set the total pressure inlet on the tip of the probe facing the shock wave, set the static pressure inlet on the side of the probe, and the built-in sensitive element to test the total pressure (Pt) and static pressure (Ps) respectively. Finally, the dynamic pressure q=Pt-Ps is obtained by subtracting the static pressure from the total pressure. The drag force method requires a large number of wind tunnel experiments to calibrate the target's drag coefficient (Cd), and then invert the dynamic pressure q=Fd / (ACd) through the drag force Fd, the target effective force area A and the drag coefficient Cd. The passive test method measures the dynamic pressure impulse, and the relationship between deformation and dynamic pressure impulse needs to be calibrated by wind tunnel experiments. The latter two methods require the use of wind tunnels to achieve measurement, which is complex and costly, and neither is a direct measurement. The device of the total pressure static pressure method is arranged in the shock wave flow field, which is a contact measurement and will interfere with the shock wave flow field; secondly, the accuracy of mechanical measurement is not high; thirdly, the reliability of mechanical measurement is poor under special environments of high temperature and high pressure, and it cannot be applied to a variety of application scenarios. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings or deficiencies of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a new shock wave pressure testing device and method. The new measurement scheme fully utilizes the advantages of optical measurement to achieve non-contact high-precision measurement.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention has the following structure: A novel shock wave pressure measurement method includes: S1: a laser interferometer receives an initial light beam emitted by a laser as a reference arm, receives another light beam reflected by a test field as a sensor arm, the two light beams generate an interference signal one, an information acquisition and processing system detects the interference signal one to obtain an optical frequency shift, and calculates the shock wave velocity according to the optical frequency shift; S2: a laser interferometer receives an initial light beam as a reference arm, receives another light beam refracted by a test field as a sensor arm, the two light beams generate an interference signal two, the information acquisition and processing system detects the light intensity of the interference signal two, as well as the light intensity of the reference arm and the light intensity of the sensor arm, and calculates the test field medium density according to the light intensity; S3: the shock wave velocity obtained by S1 and the test field density obtained by S2 are substituted into the following formula to calculate the shock wave pressure, , where q represents the shock wave pressure, ρ represents the test field medium density, and u represents the shock wave velocity.

[0006] Specifically, in step S1, the optical frequency shift is substituted into the following formula to calculate the shock wave velocity: Among them, u represents the shock wave velocity, △f represents the optical frequency shift of the interference signal, λ0 represents the central wavelength of the initial light beam emitted by the laser, and α represents the angle between the direction of the light beam entering the test field and the direction of the shock wave flow.

[0007] In step S2, the density of the medium in the test field is calculated according to the light intensity in two steps: S2.1 Use the light intensity detected by the information acquisition and processing system and the following formula to calculate the refractive index of the test field: Where, I′ represents the intensity of the interference signal, I1′ represents the intensity of the second reference arm of the laser interferometer, I2′ represents the intensity of the second sensor arm of the laser interferometer, λ0 represents the central wavelength of the initial light beam emitted by the laser, n1 represents the refractive index of the optical fiber, n2 represents the refractive index of the test field, L1′ represents the optical path of the reference arm, L2′ represents the optical path of the sensor arm in the optical fiber, and L′ represents the optical path of the sensor arm in the test field; S2.2 Substitute the refractive index of the test field into the following formula to calculate the medium density of the test field: , where n2 represents the refractive index of the test field, K represents the Gladstone–Dale constant, and ρ represents the density of the test field medium.

[0008] In step S1, a telescope system is preferably provided, which diverges and expands the light in the optical fiber and injects it into the test field, collects the reflected light from the test field, focuses it into the optical fiber, and then enters the laser interferometer 1 as a sensing arm. In step S2, a fiber collimator is preferably provided before and after the test field.

[0009] The laser interferometer uses a Mach-Zehnder interferometer or a Michelson interferometer.

[0010] A novel shock wave pressure measuring device comprises a laser that emits an initial light beam, wherein the initial light beam is divided into three paths through a 1×3 optical fiber coupler, wherein light beam one enters optical fiber coupler one, light beam two passes through a telescope system and enters a test field, passes through the telescope system again after being reflected by the test field, and enters optical fiber coupler one, and the two light beams form interference signal one; light beam three initial light beam is divided into two paths through a 1×2 optical fiber coupler, light beam three A enters optical fiber coupler two, light beam three B enters the test field after being collimated by optical fiber collimator one, and the refracted light beam passes through optical fiber collimator two and enters optical fiber coupler two, and the two light beams form interference signal two; two input ends of optical fiber coupler two are respectively connected to 50:50 optical fiber couplers, and the 50:50 optical fiber coupler is connected to an information acquisition and processing system optical fiber; the information acquisition and processing system comprises an information acquisition unit and a data processing unit.

[0011] Specifically, the information acquisition unit detects the optical frequency shift of interference signal one, the light intensity of the two input light beams of fiber coupler two, and the light intensity of interference signal two; the data processing unit calculates the shock wave velocity, the refractive index of the test field, and the medium density of the test field according to the detected parameters and formulas, thereby calculating the shock wave pressure.

[0012] Preferably, a fiber optic circulator is provided before the light beam enters the telescope system.

[0013] A photoelectric detector is respectively arranged between the first optical fiber coupler, the second optical fiber coupler, the two 50:50 optical fiber couplers and the information acquisition and processing system to convert the optical signal into an electrical signal.

[0014] The optical fiber communication devices in the device are replaced with free space optical devices, and the light beam propagates through the optical path in free space.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are: The novel shock wave pressure measurement device and method collect, analyze, measure and calculate the interference signal formed by the light beam passing through the test field and the initial light beam to obtain the shock wave pressure, making full use of the advantages of optical detection and non-contact measurement, without interfering with the shock wave. Compared with the prior art method of placing the device in the shock wave flow field to interfere with it, it is a breakthrough in the principle of shock wave pressure detection. The method of the present invention also has the advantage that the optical measurement accuracy is much higher than that of mechanical measurement. The optical measurement method of the present invention can be applied to multi-environment measurements in special environments such as high pressure and high temperature, and has extremely strong universality.

[0016] In the measurement device, a combination of an optical fiber circulator and a telescope system is used for the transmission of light beams to and from the test field, which reduces the number of optical fiber components and simplifies the structure of the device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1:Flow chart of the novel shock wave pressure measurement method of the present invention; Figure 2 : A schematic structural diagram of the shock wave pressure measuring device of the present invention; The symbols in the figure mean the following: 10-laser, 20-1×3 fiber coupler, 30-fiber circulator, 40-1×2 fiber coupler, 50-fiber coupler 1, 51-photoelectric detector, 60-fiber coupler 2, 70-telescope system, 80-fiber collimator 1, 81-fiber collimator 2, 90-information acquisition and processing system, 91- 50:50 fiber coupler. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The concept, specific structure and technical effects of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings to fully understand the purpose, characteristics and effects of the present invention.

[0019] It should be noted that in the description of this article, the terms "up", "down", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", etc. to indicate directions or positional relationships are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only simplified descriptions for the convenience of describing the present invention, and do not mean that the indicated elements must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and should not be understood as limitations on the present invention.

[0020] The dynamic pressure q of the shock wave generated by the explosion can be characterized by the kinetic energy of air per unit volume, which is expressed as formula (1). In order to measure the shock wave pressure, the present invention sets a test field at the position to be tested in the advancing direction of the shock wave front, and makes the laser beam enter the test field obliquely to the direction of the shock wave. The medium particles in the test field have a scattering effect on the light, and the light beam passing through the test field produces a relative phase shift change, which interferes with another light beam that has not passed through the test field. By collecting and processing the interference signal, the medium density and shock wave velocity of the test field are detected and calculated, so as to calculate the shock wave pressure q according to formula (1).

[0021] (1) Among them, q is the shock wave pressure, ρ is the gas density behind the shock wave front (that is, the medium density of the test field in this paper), and u is the movement speed of the airflow behind the wave front (that is, the shock wave velocity in this paper).

[0022] The present invention utilizes the advantage of laser measurement that does not interfere with the detection object and provides a new shock wave pressure measurement method and device with high measurement accuracy and strong universality.

[0023] The present invention first provides an implementation method of a shock wave pressure measurement method, the flow chart is as follows Figure 1 As shown, the measuring method comprises: The S1 laser interferometer receives the initial light beam emitted by the laser as the reference arm, and receives another light beam reflected by the test field as the sensing arm. The two light beams generate an interference signal. The information acquisition and processing system detects the interference signal and obtains the optical frequency shift △f (the optical frequency difference before and after the optical path enters the test field). The shock wave velocity u is calculated based on △f.

[0024] Due to the Doppler effect, the scattered signal light carries the optical frequency shift △f related to the moving speed of the object being measured. When the flow direction of the air medium is parallel to the incident direction of the light path entering the test field, the shock wave velocity u can be expressed as When the angle between the direction of the light beam entering the test field and the direction of the shock wave flow is α, the component of the shock wave velocity u in the incident direction of the light path is , replace the above formula with , we get formula (2), so substituting the optical frequency shift △f into formula (2) can calculate the shock wave velocity u.

[0025] (2) Among them, u - shock wave velocity, △f - optical frequency shift of interference signal, λ0 - central wavelength of initial light beam emitted by laser, α - angle (acute angle) between the direction of light beam entering the test field and the direction of shock wave flow.

[0026] The central wavelength of the laser is in the communication band, and λ0 is preferably 1550 nm.

[0027] Because the telescope system is an integrated optical lens structure with two functions, it can be used to diverge and expand the light in the optical fiber and inject it into the test field. At the same time, it collects the reflected light from the test field and focuses it into the optical fiber, and then enters the laser interferometer as a sensor arm. The purpose of bidirectional transmission of light can be achieved with one optical element.

[0028] S2 laser interferometer 2 receives the initial light beam emitted by the laser as the reference arm, and receives another light beam refracted by the test field as the sensor arm. The two light beams generate interference signal 2. The information acquisition and processing system detects the light intensity I′ of interference signal 2, as well as the light intensity I1′ of the reference arm and the light intensity I2′ of the sensor arm, and calculates the medium density ρ of the test field based on I′, I1′, and I2′.

[0029] The fiber collimator can couple light into the test field with maximum efficiency. Using the fiber collimator after refraction in the test field can allow the optical signal to be received with maximum efficiency. Therefore, as an implementation method, a fiber collimator can be set before and after the test field.

[0030] The calculation of the test field medium density ρ based on I′, I1′, and I2′ is carried out in two steps: S2.1 Calculate the refractive index n2 of the test field based on I′, I1′, and I2′. The light intensity I′ of the second interference signal can be expressed as formula (3) using the interference principle. The optical paths L1′, L2′, and L′ are calculated based on the actual optical path. The refractive index n1 of the optical fiber is 1.5, and λ0 is the set parameter. Substituting I′, I1′, I2′ and other parameters detected by the information acquisition and processing system into formula (3), the refractive index n2 of the test field can be calculated.

[0031] (3) Among them, I′- the light intensity of the interference signal, I1′- the light intensity of the second reference arm of the laser interferometer, I2′- the light intensity of the second sensor arm of the laser interferometer, λ0- the central wavelength of the initial light beam emitted by the laser, n1- the refractive index of the optical fiber, n2- the refractive index of the test field, L1′- the optical path of the reference arm, L2′- the optical path of the sensor arm in the optical fiber, L′- the optical path of the sensor arm in the test field.

[0032] S2.2 Calculate the test field medium density ρ based on n2. Since the test field density ρ and the refractive index n2 satisfy the Gladstone–Dale relationship, that is, formula (4), the test field medium density ρ is calculated by substituting n2 into the formula.

[0033] (4) Where n2 is the refractive index of the test field, K is the Gladstone–Dale constant, which is 287.05 J / (kg·K), and ρ is the density of the test field medium.

[0034] The S3 information acquisition and processing system calculates the shock fluctuation pressure q.

[0035] Substitute the shock wave velocity u obtained by S1 and the test field density ρ obtained by S2 into formula (1) to calculate the shock wave pressure q.

[0036] In order to facilitate detection, the optical signal is converted into an electrical signal through a photoelectric detector and transmitted to the information acquisition and processing system.

[0037] The laser interferometer described in the above embodiment can be a laser fiber interferometer, such as a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, in which the light beam propagates through an optical fiber. A free space optical device, such as a Michelson interferometer, can also be used, in which the light beam propagates through an optical path in free space.

[0038] According to the above-mentioned measuring principle of shock fluctuation pressure, the present invention also provides an implementation of a novel shock fluctuation pressure measuring device.

[0039] refer to Figure 2The shock wave pressure measuring device includes a laser 10 that emits an initial light beam. The initial light beam is divided into three paths through a 1×3 fiber coupler 20. Light beam 1 enters a fiber coupler 50, and light beam 2 enters a test field after passing through a telescope system 70. After being reflected by the test field, light beam 2 passes through the telescope system 70 again and enters a fiber coupler 50. The two light beams form an interference signal 1. Because the telescope system 70 is an optical lens group structure that integrates transmission and reception, it is used here to achieve the purpose of bidirectional transmission of light. Before the light beam enters the telescope system 70, a fiber circulator 30 is set. The fiber circulator 30 has three ports. The light beam can enter from port 1, exit from port 2, and enter the telescope system 70. The light beam returned from the telescope system 70 can enter from port 2, exit from port 3, and then enter the fiber coupler 50. This can reduce the number of optical fiber components and simplify the structure of the device.

[0040] The initial beam of beam three is split into two paths through the 1×2 fiber coupler 40. The beam three A enters the fiber coupler two 60, and the beam three B enters the test field after being collimated by the fiber collimator one 80. The refracted beam passes through the fiber collimator two 81 and enters the fiber coupler two 60. The two beams form interference signal two. The fiber collimator can couple the light into the test field with the maximum efficiency. The use of the fiber collimator after refraction in the test field can make the optical signal be received with the maximum efficiency. The fiber collimators are installed before and after the test field to improve the detection accuracy of the system.

[0041] Because the calculation of the shock wave pressure requires the measurement of the light intensity of the light beam at the input end of the fiber coupler 2 60, the two input ends of the fiber coupler 2 60 are connected to the 50:50 fiber coupler 91 respectively, and the 50:50 fiber coupler 91 is connected to the information acquisition and processing system 90 by optical fiber. The power ratio of the two output ends of the 50:50 fiber coupler 91 is 50:50, so the power of the light beam separated from the optical fiber by the 50:50 fiber coupler 91 is equal to the power of the light beam entering the fiber coupler 2 60, and the light intensity detected by the information acquisition and processing system 90 is equal to the light intensity of the light beam entering the fiber coupler 2 60.

[0042] The information acquisition and processing system 90 includes an information acquisition unit and a data processing unit. The information acquisition unit acquires signals of interference signal one and interference signal two, such as detecting the optical frequency shift △f of interference signal one, the light intensity of the two input light beams of the optical fiber coupler 2 60, and the light intensity of interference signal two; the data processing unit calculates the impact fluctuation pressure q based on the detected parameters and formulas.

[0043] The specific calculation method of the data processing unit is as follows: Substitute the optical frequency shift △f into formula (2) to calculate the shock wave velocity u. Substitute the measured interference signal light intensity I′ and the light intensities I1′ and I2′ of the two input light beams of the fiber coupler 2 60 into formula (3) to calculate the refractive index n2 of the test field. In this embodiment, L1′ in formula (3) refers to the optical path from the input end 1 of the 1×3 fiber coupler 20 to the output end 1 of the 1×2 fiber coupler 40 to the input end 1 of the fiber coupler 2 60, L2′ refers to the optical path from the input end 1 of the 1×3 fiber coupler 20 to the output end 2 of the 1×2 fiber coupler 40 to the fiber collimator 1 80, and the fiber collimator 2 81 to the input end 2 of the fiber coupler 2 60; L′ refers to the optical path from the fiber collimator 1 80 to the test field to the fiber collimator 2 81. Then substitute n2 into formula (4) to calculate the test field medium density ρ. Finally, the shock wave velocity u and the test field density ρ are substituted into formula (1) to calculate the shock wave pressure q.

[0044] A photoelectric detector 51 is respectively arranged between the fiber coupler 1 50, the fiber coupler 2 60, the two 50:50 fiber couplers 91 and the information acquisition and processing system 90 to convert the optical signal into an electrical signal and transmit it to the information acquisition and processing system 90. The information acquisition and processing system 90 performs frequency analysis to measure the optical frequency shift; it is converted into a light intensity signal according to the photoelectric gain, thereby measuring the light intensity.

[0045] The first fiber coupler 50 and the second fiber coupler 60 may use a 2×2 fiber coupler, and the 2×2 fiber coupler is connected to the photodetector 51 .

[0046] The medium in the test field can be air or aerosol.

[0047] The optical elements in the previous embodiments are all fiber optic communication devices, and adjacent devices are connected by optical fibers. The present device can also use free space optical devices, and the light beam does not need to propagate through optical fibers, but propagates through optical paths in free space.

[0048] When the shock wave pressure measuring device is working, the light beam 1 directly enters the input port 1 of the 2×2 optical fiber coupler 50, and the light beam 2 passes through the optical fiber circulator 30 (entering from port 1 and exiting from port 2) and the telescope system 70 and enters the test field. Figure 2The middle light beam enters the test field obliquely, and after being reflected by the particles of the test field medium, it returns to the telescope system 70, and then passes through the fiber circulator 30 (port 2 in and port 3 out) to enter the input end 2 of the 2×2 fiber coupler 1 50. The two beams of light generate interference signal 1 in the 2×2 fiber coupler 1 50. The light beam 3 passes through the 1×2 fiber coupler 40 and is divided into two paths. The light beam 3A enters the input end 1 of the 2×2 fiber coupler 2, and the light beam 3B enters the test field after being collimated by the fiber collimator 1 80. The refracted light beam of the test field passes through the fiber collimator 2 81 and is transmitted to the input end 2 of the 2×2 fiber coupler 2. The two beams of light generate interference signal 2 in the 2×2 fiber coupler 2. The light beam entering the input end of the 2×2 fiber coupler 2 enters the coupler one way and the 50:50 fiber coupler 91 the other way. The interference signals 1 and 2 and the light beam at the output end of the 50:50 fiber coupler 91 are converted into electrical signals by the photoelectric detector 51 and transmitted to the information acquisition and processing system 90. The information acquisition and processing system 90 receives and processes the electrical signal, calculates and outputs the impact fluctuation pressure value.

[0049] The novel shock wave pressure measuring device and method of the present invention collects, analyzes, measures and calculates the interference signal formed by the light beam passing through the test field and the initial light beam to obtain the shock wave pressure, making full use of the advantages of optical detection and non-contact measurement, and not interfering with the shock wave. Compared with the prior art method of placing the device in the shock wave flow field to interfere with it, it is a breakthrough in the principle of shock wave pressure detection. The method of the present invention also has the advantage that the optical measurement accuracy is much higher than that of mechanical measurement. The optical measurement method of the present invention can be applied to multi-environment measurements in special environments such as high pressure and high temperature, and has extremely strong universality.

[0050] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention, but not to limit the present invention. Although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various combinations, modifications or equivalent substitutions of the technical solutions of the present invention do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A novel shock wave pressure measurement method, characterized in that: The measuring method comprises: S1: The laser interferometer receives the initial beam emitted by the laser as the reference arm, and receives another beam reflected by the test field as the sensing arm. The two beams generate interference signal one. The information acquisition and processing system detects the interference signal one to obtain the optical frequency shift, and the shock wave velocity is calculated based on the optical frequency shift. S2: Laser interferometer 2 receives the initial light beam as the reference arm, and receives another light beam refracted by the test field as the sensor arm. The two light beams generate interference signal 2. The information acquisition and processing system detects the light intensity of interference signal 2, as well as the light intensity of the reference arm and the light intensity of the sensor arm, and calculates the medium density of the test field according to the light intensity. S3: Substitute the shock wave velocity obtained in S1 and the test field density obtained in S2 into the following formula to calculate the shock wave velocity. Fluctuating pressure, Among them, q represents the shock wave pressure, ρ represents the test field medium density, and u represents the shock wave velocity.

2. The method for measuring shock wave pressure according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, the optical frequency shift is substituted into the following formula to calculate the shock wave velocity: Among them, u represents the shock wave velocity, △f represents the optical frequency shift of the interference signal, λ0 represents the central wavelength of the initial light beam emitted by the laser, and α represents the angle between the direction of the light beam entering the test field and the direction of the shock wave flow.

3. The novel shock wave pressure measurement method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: In step S2, the density of the medium in the test field is calculated according to the light intensity in two steps: S2.1 Use the light intensity detected by the information acquisition and processing system and the following formula to calculate the refractive index of the test field: Where, I′ represents the intensity of the interference signal, I1′ represents the intensity of the second reference arm of the laser interferometer, I2′ represents the intensity of the second sensor arm of the laser interferometer, λ0 represents the central wavelength of the initial light beam emitted by the laser, n1 represents the refractive index of the optical fiber, n2 represents the refractive index of the test field, L1′ represents the optical path of the reference arm, L2′ represents the optical path of the sensor arm in the optical fiber, and L′ represents the optical path of the sensor arm in the test field; S2.2 Substitute the refractive index of the test field into the following formula to calculate the medium density of the test field: , where n2 represents the refractive index of the test field, K represents the Gladstone–Dale constant, and ρ represents the density of the test field medium.

4. The novel shock wave pressure measurement method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S1, a telescope system is set up, which diverges and expands the light in the optical fiber and injects it into the test field, collects the reflected light from the test field, focuses it into the optical fiber, and then enters the laser interferometer 1 as a sensor arm; In step S2, a fiber collimator is provided before and after the test field.

5. The novel shock wave pressure measurement method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The laser interferometer is a Mach-Zehnder interferometer or a Michelson interferometer.

6. A new shock wave pressure measuring device, characterized in that: It comprises a laser (10) for emitting an initial light beam, wherein the initial light beam is divided into three paths through a 1×3 optical fiber coupler (20), wherein light beam one enters optical fiber coupler one (50), light beam two passes through a telescope system (70) and then enters a test field, and after being reflected by the test field, passes through the telescope system (70) again and enters optical fiber coupler one (50), and the two light beams form interference signal one; The initial light beam of light beam three is further divided into two paths through the 1×2 optical fiber coupler (40), light beam three A enters optical fiber coupler two (60), light beam three B enters the test field after being collimated by optical fiber collimator one (80), and the refracted light beam passes through optical fiber collimator two (81) and enters the optical fiber coupler two (60), and the two light beams form interference signal two; The two input ends of the second optical fiber coupler (60) are respectively connected to a 50:50 optical fiber coupler (91), and the 50:50 optical fiber coupler (91) is optically connected to the information collection and processing system (90); The information collection and processing system (90) comprises an information collection unit and a data processing unit.

7. The novel shock wave pressure measuring device according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The information collection unit detects the optical frequency shift of the interference signal 1, the light intensity of the two input light beams of the optical fiber coupler 2 (60), and the light intensity of the interference signal 2; The data processing unit calculates the shock wave velocity, the refractive index of the test field, and the medium density of the test field according to the detected parameters and formulas, thereby calculating the shock wave pressure.

8. The novel shock wave pressure measuring device according to claim 6 is characterized in that: A fiber optic circulator (30) is provided before the light beam enters the telescope system (70).

9. The novel shock wave pressure measuring device according to claim 6 is characterized in that: A photoelectric detector (51) is respectively arranged between the first optical fiber coupler (50), the second optical fiber coupler (60), the two 50:50 optical fiber couplers (91) and the information acquisition and processing system (90) to convert the optical signal into an electrical signal.

10. The novel shock wave pressure measuring device according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The optical fiber communication devices in the device are replaced with free space optical devices, and the light beam propagates through the optical path in free space.

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