Photonic crystal label with freeze-thaw responsiveness

Abstract

The invention discloses a photonic crystal label with freeze-thaw responsiveness. The photonic crystal label is prepared from a photonic crystal material with freeze-thaw responsiveness. The photonic crystal material is composed of a liquid photonic crystal assembly with a regular arrangement structure and a continuous phase material. The liquid photonic crystal assembly with the regular arrangement structure is composed of monodisperse micron / nano colloidal particles and solvent molecules which are regularly arranged; gaps of the monodisperse micron / nano colloidal particles are jointly filled with the continuous phase material and the solvent molecules; the continuous phase material is physically crosslinked in a freeze-thaw cycle or is physically crosslinked with the monodisperse micron / nano colloidal particles in the freeze-thaw cycle to irreversibly change the regular arrangement structure. The photonic crystal label provided by the invention has irreversible temperature responsiveness, and whether the freezing and thawing phenomenon exists in the environment where the photonic crystal material is located and the degree can be judged according to the change of the structural color.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of information recording materials, and in particular to a freeze-thaw responsive photonic crystal label. Background Art

[0002] Temperature monitoring is an important means of quality assurance for vaccines and other items that are transported and stored through the cold chain. In the prior art, chemical color time temperature labels monitor the color change of the indicator according to the heat accumulation, but there are problems such as slow color change and fading after long-term use.

[0003] Colloidal photonic crystals are formed by the self-assembly of colloidal particles and have an ordered microstructure. They show bright and stable structural colors through Bragg diffraction of visible light. The ordered structure of photonic crystals changes based on temperature response, which can be used to indicate changes in ambient temperature. They are easy to identify and never fade, and are expected to be used in the preparation of temperature indicating labels. Existing studies have shown that by filling the gaps in the ordered structure of colloidal particles with thermosensitive polymers, the arrangement period of the ordered structure can be changed based on the responsiveness to temperature, thereby realizing the monitoring of specific temperatures. However, in a low temperature environment below 8°C, the thermosensitive polymer colloidal photonic crystal material cannot change the gap between colloidal particles through free movement due to the high entanglement of the polymer chain segments, resulting in the difficulty of responsive changes in structural color, and thus being unable to meet the cold chain requirements of vaccines, etc. In contrast, liquid photonic crystals formed by filling the gaps between colloidal particles with small molecule solvents have more intense thermal motion of the filled solvent small molecules under environmental stimulation, and can sensitively respond to temperature changes in a low temperature environment. However, existing liquid photonic crystals face two challenges: first, the arrangement of colloidal particles will restore their original ordered structure as the stimulus source is removed, that is, the change in structural color is reversible; second, the rate of change of the ordered structure of liquid photonic crystals after being stimulated by the environment is difficult to control. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above technical problems, the present invention provides a freeze-thaw responsive photonic crystal label, whose trigger temperature and color change time are flexibly adjustable, and the structural color has irreversible responsiveness to freeze-thaw behavior. The photonic crystal label provided by the present invention is simple to prepare, the detection results are accurate, reliable and easy to identify, the monitoring temperature and color change time are adjustable, and the adjustment range is wide.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] On the one hand, the present invention provides a freeze-thaw responsive photonic crystal material, which is composed of a liquid photonic crystal assembly with a regularly arranged structure and a continuous phase material; the liquid photonic crystal assembly with a regularly arranged structure is composed of regularly arranged monodisperse micron / nano colloidal particles and solvent molecules; the continuous phase material and solvent molecules are jointly filled in the gaps between the monodisperse micron / nano colloidal particles; the continuous phase material undergoes physical crosslinking during a freeze-thaw cycle or undergoes physical crosslinking with the monodisperse micron / nano colloidal particles during a freeze-thaw cycle to irreversibly change the regularly arranged structure.

[0007] In the technical solution of the present invention, the freeze-thaw responsiveness means that the liquid photonic crystal assembly composed of regularly arranged monodisperse micron / nano colloidal particles and solvent molecules has structural color. When the ambient temperature is lower than the critical temperature of the photonic crystal label, the continuous phase material or its interaction with the liquid photonic crystal assembly causes the structural color to change.

[0008] In the technical solution of the present invention, the freeze-thaw cycle refers to a process in which a continuous phase material crystallizes and precipitates in a low-temperature environment and then melts in a high-temperature environment; wherein a complete process of low-temperature precipitation and high-temperature melting is one cycle; and the freeze-thaw cycle is one or more cycles.

[0009] In the technical solution of the present invention, the liquid photonic crystal assembly composed of monodisperse micron / nano colloidal particles and solvent molecules has structural color due to the regularly arranged structure. At the same time, the continuous phase material fills the gaps between the monodisperse micron / nano colloidal particles. When the ambient temperature is lower than its cross-linking critical temperature point, the continuous phase material undergoes physical cross-linking or physical cross-linking with the monodisperse micron / nano colloidal particles affects the colloidal particle arrangement, which in some specific embodiments is manifested as a reduction in the gaps between the monodisperse micron / nano colloidal particles. In this process, the colloidal particles gradually accumulate in the continuous phase material, the regularly arranged structure is irreversibly changed, and its structural color gradually moves to a short wavelength within a certain period of time, and this color change is irreversible, that is, the structural color will not recover with the recovery of the temperature.

[0010] As a preferred implementation, the volume ratio of the liquid photonic crystal assembly with a regularly arranged structure to the continuous phase material is 0.0001:1 to 10000:1; in the technical solution of the present invention, the larger the volume ratio of the liquid photonic crystal assembly to the continuous phase material, the longer the time for the photonic crystal structural color to change.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment, the response temperature of physical crosslinking under freeze-thaw cycle is -80°C to 50°C; for example, -70°C, -20°C, 0°C, 2°C, 4°C, 8°C, 15°C, 25°C, 35°C, 45°C, 50°C, etc.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment, the particle size of the micron / nano colloidal particles is 10nm to 5000nm, more preferably 50nm to 3000nm;

[0013] Preferably, the regularly arranged micron / nano colloidal particles are a two-dimensional or three-dimensional structure;

[0014] Preferably, the gap between the micron / nano colloidal particles is 0.1 nm to 5000 nm.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment, the micron / nano colloidal particles are selected from at least one of polymers, inorganic compounds and metals, or composite colloidal particles formed by any of the above;

[0016] Preferably, the polymer is selected from at least one of polystyrene, polylactic acid, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylate, polyacrylamide, poly-N-isopropylacrylamide, polymethyl methacrylate, polyisobutyl acrylate, allyl methacrylate, polyethyl acrylate, polyhydroxyethyl acrylate, 1,4-butanediol diacrylate, rhodamine B methacrylamide, polydopamine, polyvinyl acetate, polystyrene-b-vinylpyridine, cellulose, phytic acid and polymethacrylic acid;

[0017] Preferably, the inorganic compound is selected from at least one of silicon dioxide, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, aluminum oxide, barium titanate, borate, cadmium sulfide, cadmium selenide, silver chloride, cadmium telluride, barium sulfate, iron oxide, ferrosoferric oxide, and ferric oxide;

[0018] Preferably, the metal is selected from at least one of gold, silver, copper, nickel, platinum and chromium.

[0019] As a preferred embodiment, the boiling point of the solvent molecule is ≤100°C, and is specifically selected from: at least one of methyl ether, isopropyl acetate, water, methyl formate, dichloromethane, ethyl ether, methyl propionate, isobutyl formate, butyl chloride, propyl ether, ethyl propionate, dichloroethane, isopentyl chloride, methanol, methyl carbonate, trichloroethane, carbon tetrachloride, ethanol, acetone, dichloroethylene, carbon disulfide, propanol, 3-pentanone, dichloropropane, benzene, isopropyl alcohol, butanone, ethyl bromide, cyclohexane, ethyl acetate, 2-pentanone and dimethyl carbonate.

[0020] As a preferred embodiment, the preparation method of the liquid photonic crystal assembly with a regularly arranged structure is selected from at least one of solvent volatilization, centrifugal sedimentation, gravity deposition, vertical deposition, pulling and spin coating.

[0021] As a preferred embodiment, the method for preparing the liquid photonic crystal assembly having a regularly arranged structure comprises the following steps:

[0022] Heating a mixture of monodisperse micron / nano colloidal particles and a solvent to partially volatilize the solvent, and supersaturating and precipitating the micron / nano colloidal particles;

[0023] In the technical solution of the present invention, when the mixture of the monodisperse micron / nano colloidal particles and the solvent is heated, the micron / nano colloidal particles form a supersaturated state, precipitate from the solution system and self-assemble to form a regularly arranged ordered structure, and together with the solvent filled between the monodisperse micron / nano colloidal particles form an ordered structure to constitute a liquid photonic crystal assembly, thereby having structural color.

[0024] As a preferred embodiment, the continuous phase material is selected from any one or more polymer compounds;

[0025] Preferably, the polymer compound is selected from agar, pectin, xanthan gum, glucomannan, gum arabic, guar gum, alginate, albumin, soy protein, starch, silk, casein, polyisopropylacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol methacrylate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate, polymethacrylate-2-hydroxypropyl, polyethoxyethyl methacrylate, polyhydroxypropyl methylcellulose, polyhydroxymethylcellulose, polydimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate, polyisobornyl methacrylate, polycellulose acetate butyrate, polysilicone methacrylate, polyfluorosilicone methacrylate, One or more of polyperfluoroether, poly N-vinyl pyrrolidone, polyglycidyl methacrylate, silica gel, polydimethylsiloxane, polyparaxylene, polylactic acid, polypropylene oxide, polycaprolactone-polyacrylic acid, polylactide, poly(lactide-glycolide), polyacrylamide, poly N-isopropylacrylamide, collagen, gelatin, guar gum, polyphosphazene, chitosan, hyaluronic acid, alginate, cellulose, polydextrose, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, polystyrene sulfonic acid, polyethylene sulfonic acid, polyethylene phosphoric acid, choline, polyethylene oxide, polyethyleneimine, polyethyleneamine, polyvinylpyridine, polyphosphate, polysilicate, polyamino acid and fibrin or its modified substance.

[0026] On the other hand, the present invention provides the application of the above-mentioned photonic crystal material in the preparation of smart wearable devices, vaccine temperature monitoring, in vitro organ transfer, food cold chain transportation, and drug storage freeze-thaw process monitoring.

[0027] In some specific embodiments, the photonic crystal material with irreversible temperature responsiveness is encapsulated in a substrate to form a specific pattern with structural color. When the ambient temperature changes, the specific pattern changes and is recognized by a smart device. The substrate material used for encapsulation can be selected from any one of silicone rubber, plastic, glass, metal and alloy.

[0028] In another aspect, the present invention provides a freeze-thaw responsive photonic crystal tag, which is prepared from the above-mentioned photonic crystal material.

[0029] The above technical solution has the following advantages or beneficial effects:

[0030] The freeze-thaw responsive photonic crystal material provided by the present invention has irreversible temperature responsiveness. When the ambient temperature is lower than the critical temperature, the continuous phase material undergoes physical crosslinking or physical crosslinking with monodisperse micron / nano colloidal particles and gradually changes the ordered arrangement structure of the liquid photonic crystal assembly, thereby irreversibly changing the structural color. This process does not require external instruments, and the presence and degree of freeze-thaw phenomena in the environment where the photonic crystal material is located can be judged only by the change in the color of the structural color. It has the characteristics of simple preparation, high monitoring accuracy, easy operation, and low cost. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The following embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. Therefore, the detailed description in the embodiments of the present invention provided below is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention claimed for protection, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

[0032] In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, all equipment and raw materials can be purchased from the market or are commonly used in the industry. The methods in the following embodiments are all conventional methods in the art unless otherwise specified.

[0033] In the following examples, the polystyrene particles were prepared in the laboratory by soap-free emulsion polymerization.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] The preparation process of the freeze-thaw responsive photonic crystal material provided in this embodiment is as follows:

[0036] (1) Polystyrene colloidal particles with a particle size of 190 nm were dispersed in a 1:1 volume ratio of glycerol-dimethyl sulfoxide mixed solvent to form a supersaturated dispersion system and self-assembled to form a regularly arranged structure. Glycerol and dimethyl sulfoxide molecules filled the gaps between the polystyrene colloidal particles (the gaps were 10 nm), forming a liquid photonic crystal assembly and showing structural color.

[0037] (2) The liquid photonic crystal assembly obtained in step (1) is mixed with polyvinyl alcohol-water solution (continuous phase material, the mass fraction of polyethylene glycol is 10.0 wt%) at a volume ratio of 4:1 to obtain a liquid photonic crystal material.

[0038] The photonic crystal material prepared in this embodiment is frozen below -10°C, and then placed above -10°C to fully melt. After repeated cycles for 3 times, the structural color irreversibly blue-shifts by 60nm. The response temperature of the photonic crystal material provided in this embodiment is -10°C: when the ambient temperature is lower than -10°C, the continuous phase material begins to cross-link, and interacts with the liquid photonic crystal assembly to gradually form a new gel system. The gap between the polystyrene colloid particles in the new gel system is reduced, so that the structural color blue-shifts. And after the photonic crystal material in this embodiment blue-shifts, the structural color does not recover after the ambient temperature is restored to 25°C. Therefore, the photonic crystal material provided in this embodiment can identify changes in the degree of freeze-thaw through irreversible regulation of structural color.

[0039] Example 2

[0040] The preparation process of the freeze-thaw responsive photonic crystal material provided in this embodiment is as follows:

[0041] (1) Cadmium sulfide colloidal particles with a particle size of 210 nm were dispersed in a 10:1 volume ratio of glycerol-water mixed solvent to form a supersaturated dispersion system and self-assembled to form a regularly arranged structure. After the water was completely evaporated, glycerol filled the gaps between the polystyrene colloidal particles (the gaps were 100 nm), forming a liquid photonic crystal assembly and showing structural color.

[0042] (2) The liquid photonic crystal assembly obtained in step (1) is mixed with an ethanol solution of polyethylene glycol methacrylate (continuous phase material, the mass ratio of polyethylene glycol methacrylate to ethanol is 65:35) at a volume ratio of 10:1 to obtain a photonic crystal material.

[0043] The response temperature of the photonic crystal material provided in this embodiment is -80°C: when the ambient temperature is lower than -80°C, the continuous phase material begins to cross-link and interact with the liquid photonic crystal assembly to form a new gel system, and the gaps between the polystyrene colloidal particles in the new gel system gradually become smaller, so that the structural color shifts to the blue; when the ambient temperature is restored to above -80°C, its structural color does not recover. Therefore, the photonic crystal material provided in this embodiment can identify ultra-low temperature freeze-thaw conditions through irreversible regulation of structural color.

[0044] Example 3

[0045] The preparation process of the freeze-thaw responsive photonic crystal material provided in this embodiment is as follows:

[0046] (1) SiO2 particles with a particle size of 180 nm are dispersed in a water-dioxane mixed solvent with a volume ratio of 1:1 to form a solution with a mass fraction of SiO2 colloidal particles of 60 wt%; the solvent is heated to evaporate, and the SiO2 particles are supersaturated and precipitated; as the water evaporates, the SiO2 colloidal particles gradually precipitate and self-assemble to form a regularly arranged structure, and the dioxane and water are jointly filled in the gaps between the SiO2 colloidal particles (the gaps are 1000 nm), forming a liquid photonic crystal assembly and showing structural color;

[0047] (2) The liquid photonic crystal assembly obtained in step (1) is mixed with a guar gum-water mixed solvent (continuous phase material, the mass ratio of guar gum to water is 68:32) at a volume ratio of 10000:1 to obtain a photonic crystal material.

[0048] The response temperature of the photonic crystal material provided in this embodiment is -4°C: when the ambient temperature is lower than -4°C, the continuous phase material begins to cross-link and interact with the liquid photonic crystal assembly to form a new gel system, and the gap between SiO2 particles in the new gel system gradually becomes smaller, so that the structural color shifts to blue; when the ambient temperature is restored to above -4°C, its structural color does not recover. Therefore, the photonic crystal material provided in this embodiment can identify low-temperature freeze-thaw conditions through irreversible regulation of structural color.

[0049] Example 4

[0050] The preparation process of the irreversible freeze-thaw responsive photonic crystal material provided in this embodiment is as follows:

[0051] (1) Dispersing SiO2 particles with a particle size of 190 nm in a mixed solvent of poly(hydroxyethyl acrylate) and isopropanol in a volume ratio of 1:100 to form a solution with a mass fraction of SiO2 colloidal particles of 5 wt%; heating the solvent to evaporate, and supersaturated SiO2 particles precipitate; as the isopropanol evaporates, the SiO2 particles gradually precipitate and self-assemble to form a regularly arranged structure. After the isopropanol evaporates completely, the poly(hydroxyethyl acrylate) fills the gaps between the SiO2 colloidal particles (the gaps are 10 nm), forming a liquid photonic crystal assembly that exhibits structural color;

[0052] (2) The liquid photonic crystal assembly obtained in step (1) is mixed with a polyhydroxypropyl methylcellulose solution (continuous phase material, mass fraction of 40 wt%) at a volume ratio of 10:1 to obtain a photonic crystal material.

[0053] The response temperature of the photonic crystal material provided in this embodiment is 0°C: when the ambient temperature is lower than 0°C, the continuous phase material begins to cross-link and interact with the liquid photonic crystal assembly to form a new gel system, and the gaps between SiO2 particles in the new gel system gradually become smaller, so that the structural color shifts to blue; when the ambient temperature is restored to above 0°C, its structural color does not recover. Therefore, the photonic crystal material provided in this embodiment can identify low-temperature freeze-thaw conditions through irreversible regulation of structural color.

[0054] Example 5

[0055] The preparation process of the freeze-thaw responsive photonic crystal material provided in this embodiment is as follows:

[0056] (1) Dispersing cadmium sulfide particles with a particle size of 190 nm in a mixed solvent of ethanol and dimethyl sulfoxide with a volume ratio of 7:3 to form a solution with a mass fraction of cadmium sulfide colloidal particles of 70%; heating the solvent to evaporate, and supersaturated cadmium sulfide particles precipitate; as the ethanol evaporates, the cadmium sulfide particles gradually precipitate and self-assemble to form a regularly arranged structure; after the ethanol evaporates completely, dimethyl sulfoxide fills the gaps between the cadmium sulfide colloidal particles (the gaps are 5000 nm), forming a liquid photonic crystal assembly, and showing structural color;

[0057] (2) The liquid photonic crystal assembly obtained in step (1) is mixed with a chitosan-water mixed solvent (continuous phase material, the mass fraction of chitosan is 3 wt%) at a volume ratio of 1000:1 to obtain a photonic crystal material.

[0058] The response temperature of the photonic crystal material provided in this embodiment is 4°C: when the ambient temperature is lower than 4°C, the continuous phase material begins to cross-link and interact with the liquid photonic crystal assembly to form a new gel system, and the gaps between the cadmium sulfide particles in the new gel system gradually become smaller, so that the structural color shifts to blue; when the ambient temperature is restored to above 4°C, its structural color does not recover. Therefore, the liquid photonic crystal material provided in this embodiment can identify low-temperature freeze-thaw conditions through irreversible regulation of structural color.

[0059] Example 6

[0060] The preparation process of the irreversible temperature-responsive photonic crystal material provided in this embodiment is as follows:

[0061] (1) Dispersing cadmium sulfide particles with a particle size of 10 nm in a mixed solvent of ethanol and dimethyl sulfoxide with a volume ratio of 4:10 to form a solution with a mass fraction of cadmium sulfide colloidal particles of 10 wt%; heating the solvent to evaporate, and supersaturated cadmium sulfide colloidal particles are precipitated; as ethanol evaporates, cadmium sulfide colloidal particles gradually precipitate and self-assemble to form a regularly arranged structure; after ethanol evaporates completely, dimethyl sulfoxide fills the gaps between cadmium sulfide colloidal particles (the gaps are 0.1 nm), forming a liquid photonic crystal assembly, and showing structural color;

[0062] (2) The liquid photonic crystal assembly obtained in step (1) is mixed with an albumin aqueous solution (continuous phase material) at a volume ratio of 8:2 to obtain a photonic crystal material.

[0063] The response temperature of the photonic crystal material provided in this embodiment is 8°C: when the ambient temperature is lower than 8°C, the continuous phase material gradually cross-links and fuses with the liquid photonic crystal assembly to form a new mixed system, and the gap between the cadmium sulfide colloidal particles in the new gel system is reduced, so that the structural color is blue-shifted; when the ambient temperature is restored to above 8°C, its structural color is not restored. Therefore, the liquid photonic crystal material provided in this embodiment can identify the degree of environmental freeze-thaw through the irreversible change of structural color.

[0064] Example 7

[0065] The preparation process of the freeze-thaw responsive photonic crystal material provided in this embodiment is as follows:

[0066] (1) Dispersing polystyrene particles with a particle size of 5000 nm in a water-dimethyl sulfoxide mixed solvent with a volume ratio of 10:3 to form a solution with a mass fraction of polystyrene colloidal particles of 30 wt%; heating the solvent to evaporate, and supersaturated polystyrene colloidal particles are precipitated; as the water evaporates, the polystyrene colloidal particles gradually precipitate and self-assemble to form a regularly arranged structure; after the water evaporates completely, dimethyl sulfoxide fills the gaps between the polystyrene colloidal particles (the gaps are 3000 nm), forming a liquid photonic crystal assembly, and showing structural color;

[0067] (2) The liquid photonic crystal assembly obtained in step (1) is mixed with polyethylene glycol-water solution (continuous phase material, the mass fraction of polyethylene glycol is 64.5wt%) at a volume ratio of 7:3 to obtain a photonic crystal material.

[0068] The response temperature of the photonic crystal material provided in this embodiment is -5°C. When the ambient temperature is lower than -5°C, the continuous phase material begins to cross-link and interact with the liquid photonic crystal assembly to gradually form a new gel system. The gap between the polystyrene colloid particles in the new mixed system is reduced, so that the structural color is blue-shifted. When the ambient temperature is restored to above -5°C, its structural color is not restored. Therefore, the liquid photonic crystal material provided in this embodiment can identify the degree of environmental freeze-thaw through irreversible regulation of structural color.

[0069] Example 8

[0070] The preparation process of the freeze-thaw responsive photonic crystal material provided in this embodiment is as follows:

[0071] (1) Dispersing polystyrene colloidal particles with a particle size of 280 nm in a water-dimethyl sulfoxide mixed solvent with a volume ratio of 19:1 to form a solution with a mass fraction of polystyrene colloidal particles of 50 wt%; heating the solvent to evaporate, and supersaturated polystyrene colloidal particles are precipitated; as the water evaporates, the polystyrene colloidal particles gradually precipitate and self-assemble to form a regularly arranged structure; after the water evaporates completely, dimethyl sulfoxide fills the gaps between the polystyrene colloidal particles (the gaps are 60 nm), forming a liquid photonic crystal assembly, and showing structural color;

[0072] (2) The liquid photonic crystal assembly obtained in step (1) is mixed with a poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) solution (mass fraction: 60%, continuous phase material) at a volume ratio of 6:1 to obtain a photonic crystal material.

[0073] The response temperature of the photonic crystal material provided in this embodiment is 8°C. When the ambient temperature is lower than 8°C, the continuous phase material begins to cross-link and merge with the liquid photonic crystal assembly to gradually form a new gel system. The gaps between the polystyrene colloid particles in the new gel system are reduced, thereby shifting the structural color to the blue. When the ambient temperature is restored to above 8°C, the structural color is not restored. Therefore, the liquid photonic crystal material provided in this embodiment can identify the degree of environmental freeze-thaw through irreversible regulation of structural color.

[0074] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A freeze-thaw responsive photonic crystal material, characterized in that: The photonic crystal material is composed of a liquid photonic crystal assembly with a regularly arranged structure and a continuous phase material; the liquid photonic crystal assembly with a regularly arranged structure is composed of regularly arranged monodisperse micron / nano colloidal particles and solvent molecules; the continuous phase material and solvent molecules are jointly filled in the gaps between the monodisperse micron / nano colloidal particles; the continuous phase material undergoes physical crosslinking during a freeze-thaw cycle or undergoes physical crosslinking with the monodisperse micron / nano colloidal particles during a freeze-thaw cycle to irreversibly change the regularly arranged structure.

2. The photonic crystal material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The volume ratio of the liquid photonic crystal assembly with a regularly arranged structure to the continuous phase material is 0.0001:1 to 10000:

1.

3. The photonic crystal material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The response temperature of physical cross-linking under the freeze-thaw cycle is -80°C to 50°C.

4. The photonic crystal material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The particle size of the micron / nano colloidal particles is 10nm to 5000nm, more preferably 50nm to 3000nm; Preferably, the regularly arranged micron / nano colloidal particles are a two-dimensional or three-dimensional structure; Preferably, the gap between the micron / nano colloidal particles is 0.1 nm to 5000 nm.

5. The photonic crystal material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The micron / nano colloidal particles are selected from at least one of polymers, inorganic compounds and metals, or composite colloidal particles formed by any of the above.

6. The photonic crystal material according to claim 5, characterized in that: The polymer is selected from at least one of polystyrene, polylactic acid, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylate, polyacrylamide, poly-N-isopropylacrylamide, polymethyl methacrylate, polyisobutyl acrylate, allyl methacrylate, polyethyl acrylate, polyhydroxyethyl acrylate, 1,4-butanediol diacrylate, rhodamine B methacrylamide, polydopamine, polyvinyl acetate, polystyrene-b-vinylpyridine, cellulose, phytic acid and polymethacrylic acid.

7. The photonic crystal material according to claim 5, characterized in that: The inorganic compound is selected from at least one of silicon dioxide, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, aluminum oxide, barium titanate, borate, cadmium sulfide, cadmium selenide, silver chloride, cadmium telluride, barium sulfate, iron oxide, ferrosoferric oxide, and ferric oxide.

8. The photonic crystal material according to claim 5, characterized in that: The metal is selected from at least one of gold, silver, copper, nickel, platinum and chromium.

9. The photonic crystal material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The boiling point of the solvent molecule is ≤100°C.

10. The photonic crystal material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the liquid photonic crystal assembly with a regularly arranged structure is selected from at least one of solvent volatilization, centrifugal sedimentation, gravity deposition, vertical deposition, pulling and spin coating.

11. The photonic crystal material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for preparing the liquid photonic crystal assembly having a regularly arranged structure comprises the following steps: The mixture of monodispersed micron / nano colloidal particles and a solvent is heated to partially volatilize the solvent, and the micron / nano colloidal particles are supersaturated and precipitated.

12. The photonic crystal material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The continuous phase material is selected from any one or more polymer compounds.

13. The photonic crystal material according to claim 12, characterized in that: The polymer compound is selected from agar, pectin, xanthan gum, glucomannan, gum arabic, guar gum, alginate, albumin, soy protein, starch, silk, casein, polyisopropylacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol methacrylate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate, polymethacrylate-2-hydroxypropyl, polyethoxyethyl methacrylate, polyhydroxypropyl methylcellulose, polyhydroxymethylcellulose, polydimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate, polyisobornyl methacrylate, polycellulose acetate butyrate, polysilicone methacrylate, polyfluorosilicone methacrylate, polyisobutylene ... One or more of fluoroether, poly N-vinyl pyrrolidone, poly glycidyl methacrylate, silica gel, polydimethylsiloxane, polyparaxylene, polylactic acid, polypropylene oxide, polycaprolactone-polyacrylic acid, polylactide, poly (lactide-glycolide), polyacrylamide, poly N-isopropylacrylamide, collagen, gelatin, guar gum, polyphosphazene, chitosan, hyaluronic acid, alginic acid, cellulose, polydextrose, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, polystyrene sulfonic acid, polyethylene sulfonic acid, polyethylene phosphoric acid, choline, polyethylene oxide, polyethyleneimine, polyethyleneamine, polyvinylpyridine, polyphosphate, polysilicate, polyamino acid and fibrin or its modified substance.

14. Application of the photonic crystal material according to any one of claims 1 to 13 in the preparation of smart wearable devices, vaccine temperature monitoring, in vitro organ transfer, food cold chain transportation, and drug storage freeze-thaw process monitoring.

15. A freeze-thaw responsive photonic crystal tag, characterized in that: The photonic crystal material is prepared from any one of claims 1 to 13.