Optical machine device of three-dimensional magneto-optical trap based on metasurface chip and system thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an optical machine device of a three-dimensional magneto-optical trap based on a metasurface chip and a system thereof, and relates to the technical field of laser cooling and atom capturing, the device comprises an optical fiber beam splitting module, a metasurface module and an atom gas chamber; the optical fiber beam splitting module comprises a laser, a polarization maintaining optical fiber coupler and an optical fiber collimator; the laser outputs first emergent light, the first emergent light is input to the polarization maintaining optical fiber coupler for beam splitting operation, formed second emergent light is input to the optical fiber collimator for collimation operation, and formed third emergent light is input to the metasurface module; and the metasurface module comprises a plurality of multifunctional metasurface chips manufactured by utilizing a nano processing technology, performs beam splitting operation, polarization conversion operation and beam expansion operation on the third emergent light, and converges the formed metasurface emergent light at the central position of the atomic gas chamber so as to cool and trap atoms. The metasurface chip which is designed in an integrated mode is utilized, and miniaturization, integration and low cost of the device are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of laser cooling and atom capture, and in particular to an optomechanical device and a system thereof for a three-dimensional magneto-optical trap based on a metasurface chip. Background Art

[0002] Since the 1980s, Magneto-Optical Trap (MOT) technology has become the backbone of the laser cooling field with its excellent cooling and atom trapping capabilities. MOT technology can cool atoms to extremely low temperatures close to absolute zero, making it possible to explore the properties of matter at extremely low kinetic energy. To date, MOT technology has made remarkable achievements in the fields of laser cooling and atom trapping, and has been widely used in cutting-edge scientific and technological fields such as high-precision atomic clocks, quantum computers, quantum networks, and quantum memories.

[0003] The traditional three-dimensional magneto-optical trap (3D-MOT) system uses six orthogonal laser beams and the magnetic field generated by the anti-Helmholtz coil to capture and cool neutral atoms. However, the optical path design in the traditional 3D magneto-optical trap system relies on complex laser devices, optical components and precise alignment processes, resulting in large system size, complex operation and high maintenance costs. These problems limit the application prospects of the traditional 3D magneto-optical trap system in the pursuit of miniaturization, integration and low-cost equipment. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide an optomechanical device and system of a three-dimensional magneto-optical trap based on a metasurface chip, which can realize the miniaturization, integration and low cost of the three-dimensional magneto-optical trap system.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following solutions:

[0006] In a first aspect, the present application provides an optomechanical device of a three-dimensional magneto-optical trap based on a metasurface chip, comprising: a fiber splitting module, a metasurface module, and an atomic gas chamber;

[0007] The optical fiber splitting module includes a laser, a polarization-maintaining optical fiber coupler, and an optical fiber collimator; the laser is used to output a first output light, and the first output light is input to the polarization-maintaining optical fiber coupler; the polarization-maintaining optical fiber coupler is used to perform a beam splitting operation on the first output light, splitting a beam of the first output light into two beams of second output light with the same intensity, and inputting the second output light into the optical fiber collimator; the optical fiber collimator is used to perform a collimation operation on the second output light, converting the divergent second output light into a parallel third output light, and inputting the third output light into the metasurface module;

[0008] The metasurface module includes a plurality of multifunctional metasurface chips; the metasurface module is used to perform beam splitting operation, polarization conversion operation and beam expansion operation on the third output light to form a metasurface output light, and converge the metasurface output light at the center of the atomic gas chamber; the multifunctional metasurface chip is manufactured by using nano-processing technology;

[0009] The atomic gas chamber is used to cool and trap atoms through the light emitted by the metasurface.

[0010] Optionally, the metasurface module includes a first-stage metasurface structure and a second-stage metasurface structure;

[0011] The first-stage metasurface structure includes a plurality of first-stage metasurface chips with beam splitting and polarization conversion functions; the second-stage metasurface structure includes a plurality of second-stage metasurface chips with beam expansion and polarization maintaining functions; the number of the second-stage metasurface chips is three times the number of the first-stage metasurface chips;

[0012] The first-stage metasurface chip is used to perform beam splitting and polarization conversion operations on the third output light, converting a beam of linearly polarized third output light into three beams of circularly polarized fourth output light, and inputting each beam of fourth output light into the corresponding second-stage metasurface chip; the second-stage metasurface chip is used to perform beam expansion operations on the fourth output light to form circularly polarized metasurface output light, and converge the metasurface output light at the center of the atomic gas chamber.

[0013] Optionally, the first-stage metasurface structure includes two first-stage metasurface chips; the two first-stage metasurface chips are respectively arranged parallel to the left and right surfaces of the atomic gas chamber, and the two first-stage metasurface chips are mirror-symmetrically arranged about the center point of the atomic gas chamber.

[0014] Optionally, the second-stage metasurface structure includes six second-stage metasurface chips; wherein, two second-stage metasurface chips are respectively located at the upper left and lower right of the atomic gas chamber, and are respectively arranged in parallel with the upper and lower surfaces of the atomic gas chamber, and four second-stage metasurface chips are respectively located at the lower left front, lower left rear, lower right front and lower right rear of the atomic gas chamber, and are respectively arranged in parallel with the front and rear surfaces of the atomic gas chamber.

[0015] Optionally, the three beams of fourth emergent light formed by each first-stage metasurface chip are perpendicular to each other, and the angle between each beam of fourth emergent light and its corresponding first-stage metasurface chip is 35°-40°.

[0016] Optionally, the metasurface module includes a first-stage metasurface structure and a second-stage metasurface structure;

[0017] The first-stage metasurface structure includes a plurality of first-stage metasurface chips with beam splitting and polarization-maintaining functions; the second-stage metasurface structure includes a plurality of second-stage metasurface chips with beam expansion and polarization conversion functions; the number of the second-stage metasurface chips is three times the number of the first-stage metasurface chips;

[0018] The first-stage metasurface chip is used to perform a beam splitting operation on the third output light, converting a beam of linearly polarized third output light into three beams of linearly polarized fourth output light, and inputting each beam of fourth output light into the corresponding second-stage metasurface chip; the second-stage metasurface chip is used to perform a beam expansion operation and a polarization conversion operation on the fourth output light to form a circularly polarized metasurface output light, and converge the metasurface output light at the center of the atomic gas chamber.

[0019] Optionally, the metasurface module includes a first-stage metasurface structure and a reflector structure;

[0020] The first-stage metasurface structure includes a plurality of first-stage metasurface chips with beam splitting, polarization conversion and beam expansion functions; the reflector structure includes a plurality of reflectors; the number of the reflectors is three times the number of the first-stage metasurface chips;

[0021] The first-stage metasurface chip is used to perform beam splitting, polarization conversion and beam expansion operations on the third output light, converting a beam of linearly polarized third output light into three beams of circularly polarized metasurface output light, and guiding each beam of metasurface output light to the corresponding reflector; the reflector is used to converge the metasurface output light at the center of the atomic gas chamber.

[0022] Optionally, the optical fiber splitting module further includes an optical fiber array; the optical fiber array is used to input the first output light into the polarization-maintaining optical fiber coupler.

[0023] Optionally, the atomic gas chamber is made of quartz or high borosilicate; the atomic gas chamber is in the shape of a hexagonal prism, an octagonal prism or a cylindrical structure; and the filling gas in the atomic gas chamber is atomic vapor including cesium and rubidium.

[0024] In the second aspect, the present application provides a three-dimensional magneto-optical trap system based on a metasurface chip, comprising the above-mentioned optomechanical device of the three-dimensional magneto-optical trap based on a metasurface chip, a first magnetic coil and a second magnetic coil; the first magnetic coil and the second magnetic coil are respectively located at the upper left and lower right of the atomic gas chamber; the first magnetic coil and the second magnetic coil have mirror symmetry with respect to the center point of the atomic gas chamber, and are greater than 2 cm away from the center point of the atomic gas chamber.

[0025] According to the specific embodiments provided in this application, this application discloses the following technical effects:

[0026] The present application reduces the complexity of optical path alignment and improves the integration of the device by integrating the optical fiber splitting module, the metasurface module and the atomic gas chamber into an optomechanical device of a three-dimensional magneto-optical trap; moreover, the metasurface module uses a multifunctional metasurface chip manufactured by nano-processing technology to realize the integrated design of the metasurface chip, which can reduce the number of optical elements required, thereby reducing the volume of the overall device, as well as the overall manufacturing and maintenance costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0028] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the optical fiber splitting structure provided in Example 1 of the present application;

[0029] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the first-stage supersurface structure, the second-stage supersurface structure, the atomic gas chamber and the magnetic coil provided in Example 1 of the present application;

[0030] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a polarization-maintaining fiber coupler provided in Example 1 of the present application;

[0031] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the first stage of the metasurface chip spectroscopic operation provided in Example 1 of the present application;

[0032] Reference numerals:

[0033] 1: laser; 2: polarization-maintaining fiber coupler; 3: first fiber collimator; 4: second fiber collimator; 5: first stage first metasurface chip; 6: first stage second metasurface chip; 7: second stage first metasurface chip; 8: second stage second metasurface chip; 9: second stage third metasurface chip; 10: second stage fourth metasurface chip; 11: second stage fifth metasurface chip; 12: second stage sixth metasurface chip; 13: first magnetic coil; 14: second magnetic coil; 15: atomic gas chamber. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0035] The related art proposes a new three-dimensional magneto-optical trap based on a metasurface, which divides a laser beam into multiple laser beams with controllable circular polarization states through wave plates. These beams have the same intensity and circular polarization, one of which propagates along the incident direction, while the remaining four beams are deflected 22.5° along the ±x and ±y axes relative to the incident beam. Through five mirrors, the five beams intersect at the center of the magnetic field to achieve three-dimensional cooling and capture. The related art still requires a large number of traditional wave plates to adjust the optical path, and the adjustment and control of the light beam is not precise enough, and the volume is still large. Based on this, the present application provides an optomechanical device of a three-dimensional magneto-optical trap based on a metasurface chip, which realizes high integration of optical components, miniaturization of the system, and improves the control accuracy and flexibility of the optical path.

[0036] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] In an exemplary embodiment, Figure 1-Figure 2 As shown, an optomechanical device of a three-dimensional magneto-optical trap based on a metasurface chip is provided, the device comprising: an optical fiber splitting module, a metasurface module and an atomic gas chamber 15; specifically:

[0039] The optical fiber splitting module includes a laser 1, a polarization-maintaining optical fiber coupler 2 with a one-to-two splitting function, a first optical fiber collimator 3, and a second optical fiber collimator 4. The model of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber coupler 2 is PMC-780-50-FA, and the model of the first optical fiber collimator 3 and the second optical fiber collimator 4 is AFC780-2.2-PC.

[0040] The laser 1 has frequency stabilization and frequency locking functions, and the first optical frequency of the laser 1 is an optical frequency related to at least one atomic transition; the laser 1 is used to output a first output light, which is usually a linearly polarized light, and the first output light is input to a polarization-maintaining fiber coupler 2; the polarization-maintaining fiber coupler 2 is used to split the first output light according to a coupling ratio of 50:50 to form two beams of second output light, which pass through a first fiber collimator 3 and a second fiber collimator 4 respectively, so as to convert the divergent second output light into a parallel third output light, and obtain a third output light 1 and a third output light 2, and guide the third output light 1 to the first-stage first metasurface chip 5, and guide the third output light 2 to the first-stage second metasurface chip 6; at the same time, it is ensured that the polarization state does not change after passing through the polarization-maintaining fiber coupler 2, that is, the polarization state of the second output light is still linearly polarized light. The polarization-maintaining fiber coupler 2 is as shown in FIG. Figure 3 shown.

[0041] The metasurface module includes several multifunctional metasurface chips manufactured using nanoprocessing technology. The metasurface core is composed of multiple nanostructure units. The function of the metasurface chip is determined based on the shape and phase of the nanostructure units and the spacing and arrangement between the nanostructure units.

[0042] Furthermore, the metasurface module includes a first-stage metasurface structure and a second-stage metasurface structure.

[0043] The first-stage metasurface structure includes two first-stage metasurface chips with beam splitting and polarization conversion functions; each first-stage metasurface chip is used to perform polarization conversion and beam splitting operations on a beam of third output light to form three beams of fourth output light, and the power of the three beams of fourth output light after beam splitting by the first-stage metasurface chip is equal, and each beam of fourth output light is incident on a second-stage metasurface chip; wherein, Figure 4 As shown, the three fourth outgoing light beams are divided into two right-handed circularly polarized light beams and one left-handed circularly polarized light beam, the angle between each fourth outgoing light beam and its corresponding first-stage metasurface chip is 35°-40°, and the three fourth outgoing light beams are perpendicular to each other.

[0044] The second-stage metasurface structure includes six second-stage metasurface chips with polarization-maintaining and beam-expanding functions; the second-stage metasurface chip is used to perform polarization-maintaining and beam-expanding operations on the fourth output light to obtain metasurface output light, and converge the metasurface output light at the center of the atomic gas chamber to form an area for cooling and trapping atoms; through the coordinated action of the six second-stage metasurface chips, effective cooling and trapping of atoms can be achieved.

[0045] The atomic gas cell 15 is used to cool and trap atoms through the light emitted from the metasurface.

[0046] Furthermore, the diameter of the third outgoing light incident on the corresponding first-stage metasurface chip is 200μm, and the second outgoing light propagates 20mm after passing through the first-stage metasurface chip. The diameter of the third outgoing light reaching the second-stage metasurface chip is 250μm. Subsequently, the second-stage metasurface chip expands the received fourth outgoing light from 250μm to a diameter of 5mm while keeping the polarization state of the light beam unchanged.

[0047] Furthermore, the first-stage first supersurface chip 5 is located on the left side of the atomic gas chamber, and the first-stage second supersurface chip 6 is located on the right side of the atomic gas chamber; the first-stage first supersurface chip 5 and the first-stage second supersurface chip 6 are mirror-symmetrically arranged about the center point of the atomic gas chamber, and are respectively arranged parallel to the left and right surfaces of the atomic gas chamber 15.

[0048] Furthermore, the straight-line transmission distance between the center of the six second-stage supersurface chips and the center of the atomic gas chamber 15 is about 2 cm, and the plane of the second-stage supersurface chip is about 1 cm away from the surface of the atomic gas chamber 15; among them, the second-stage first supersurface chip 7 and the second-stage sixth supersurface chip 12 are respectively located at the upper left and lower right of the atomic gas chamber 15, and are arranged parallel to the upper and lower surfaces of the atomic gas chamber 15; the second-stage second supersurface chip 8, the second-stage third supersurface chip 9, the second-stage fourth supersurface chip 10 and the second-stage fifth supersurface chip 11 are respectively located at the lower left front, lower left rear, lower right front and lower right rear of the atomic gas chamber 15, and are arranged parallel to the front and rear surfaces of the atomic gas chamber.

[0049] Furthermore, the material of the atomic gas chamber 15 is quartz or high borosilicate; the shape of the atomic gas chamber 15 is a hexagonal prism, an octagonal prism or a cylindrical structure; the filling gas in the atomic gas chamber 15 is atomic vapor including cesium and rubidium.

[0050] Furthermore, the optical fiber splitting module also includes an optical fiber array, and the optical fiber array is used to input the first output light into the polarization-maintaining optical fiber coupler.

[0051] The present application proposes an optomechanical device of a three-dimensional magneto-optical trap based on a metasurface chip, which optimizes the optical path system of a traditional magneto-optical trap by using a metasurface chip, thereby replacing traditional lenses and wave plates. Compared with the existing scheme, the combination of the first-stage metasurface structure and the second-stage metasurface structure replaces the reflective lenses, further reduces the volume of the magneto-optical trap system, and improves the integration of the magneto-optical trap system. Moreover, by using the first-stage metasurface structure, the incident linearly polarized light of the laser needs to be divided into two beams of right-handed circularly polarized light and one beam of left-handed circularly polarized light, and the power ratio of the three beams is controlled to be 1:1:1. After the first-stage metasurface structure, the light beam is expanded while keeping the polarization state of the light beam unchanged, and the light beams are all hit in the center of the gas chamber, realizing efficient cooling and trapping of atoms.

[0052] In an exemplary embodiment, the present application provides a three-dimensional magneto-optical trap system based on a metasurface chip, comprising the above-mentioned optomechanical device of the three-dimensional magneto-optical trap based on a metasurface chip, a first magnetic coil 13 and a second magnetic coil 14; the first magnetic coil 13 and the second magnetic coil 14 are respectively located at the upper left and lower right of the atomic gas chamber; the first magnetic coil 13 and the second magnetic coil 14 have mirror symmetry with respect to the center point of the atomic gas chamber, and are greater than 2 cm away from the center point of the atomic gas chamber.

[0053] Example 2

[0054] In another exemplary embodiment of the present application, the metasurface module includes a first-stage metasurface structure and a second-stage metasurface structure; the first-stage metasurface structure includes a plurality of first-stage metasurface chips with beam splitting and polarization maintaining functions; the second-stage metasurface structure includes a plurality of second-stage metasurface chips with beam expansion and polarization conversion functions; the number of second-stage metasurface chips is three times the number of first-stage metasurface chips; the first-stage metasurface chip is used to perform beam splitting operations on the third output light, converting a beam of linearly polarized third output light into three beams of linearly polarized fourth output light, and inputting each beam of fourth output light into the corresponding second-stage metasurface chip; the second-stage metasurface chip is used to perform beam expansion and polarization conversion operations on the fourth output light, forming circularly polarized metasurface output light, and converging the metasurface output light at the center of the atomic gas chamber.

[0055] Example 3

[0056] In another exemplary embodiment of the present application, the metasurface module includes a first-stage metasurface structure and a reflector structure; the first-stage metasurface structure includes a plurality of first-stage metasurface chips with beam splitting, polarization conversion and beam expansion functions; the reflector structure includes a plurality of reflectors; the number of reflectors is three times the number of first-stage metasurface chips; the first-stage metasurface chip is used to perform beam splitting, polarization conversion and beam expansion operations on the third output light, converting a beam of linearly polarized third output light into three beams of circularly polarized metasurface output light, and guiding each beam of metasurface output light to the corresponding reflector; the reflector is used to converge the metasurface output light at the center of the atomic gas chamber.

[0057] The technical features of the above embodiments may be arbitrarily combined. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0058] This article uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and core ideas of this application. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the ideas of this application, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting this application.

Claims

1. An optomechanical device based on a three-dimensional magneto-optical trap of a metasurface chip, characterized in that: The optical-mechanical device of the three-dimensional magneto-optical trap based on the metasurface chip comprises: an optical fiber beam splitting module, a metasurface module and an atomic gas chamber; The optical fiber splitting module includes a laser, a polarization-maintaining optical fiber coupler, and an optical fiber collimator; the laser is used to output a first output light, and the first output light is input to the polarization-maintaining optical fiber coupler; the polarization-maintaining optical fiber coupler is used to perform a beam splitting operation on the first output light, splitting a beam of the first output light into two beams of second output light with the same intensity, and inputting the second output light into the optical fiber collimator; the optical fiber collimator is used to perform a collimation operation on the second output light, converting the divergent second output light into a parallel third output light, and inputting the third output light into the metasurface module; The metasurface module includes a plurality of multifunctional metasurface chips; the metasurface module is used to perform beam splitting operation, polarization conversion operation and beam expansion operation on the third output light to form a metasurface output light, and converge the metasurface output light at the center of the atomic gas chamber; the multifunctional metasurface chip is manufactured by using nano-processing technology; The atomic gas chamber is used to cool and trap atoms through the light emitted by the metasurface.

2. The optical mechanical device of the three-dimensional magneto-optical trap based on the metasurface chip according to claim 1, characterized in that: The super surface module includes a first-stage super surface structure and a second-stage super surface structure; The first-stage metasurface structure includes a plurality of first-stage metasurface chips with beam splitting function and polarization conversion function; the second-stage metasurface structure includes a plurality of second-stage metasurface chips with beam expansion function and polarization maintaining function; The number of metasurface chips in the second stage is three times the number of metasurface chips in the first stage; The first-stage metasurface chip is used to perform beam splitting and polarization conversion operations on the third output light, converting a beam of linearly polarized third output light into three beams of circularly polarized fourth output light, and inputting each beam of fourth output light into the corresponding second-stage metasurface chip; the second-stage metasurface chip is used to perform beam expansion operations on the fourth output light to form circularly polarized metasurface output light, and converge the metasurface output light at the center of the atomic gas chamber.

3. The optomechanical device of the three-dimensional magneto-optical trap based on the metasurface chip according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first-stage supersurface structure includes two first-stage supersurface chips; the two first-stage supersurface chips are respectively arranged parallel to the left and right surfaces of the atomic gas chamber, and the two first-stage supersurface chips are arranged in mirror symmetry about the center point of the atomic gas chamber.

4. The optical mechanical device of the three-dimensional magneto-optical trap based on the metasurface chip according to claim 2, characterized in that: The second-stage metasurface structure includes six second-stage metasurface chips; among them, two second-stage metasurface chips are respectively located at the upper left and lower right of the atomic gas chamber, and are respectively arranged parallel to the upper and lower surfaces of the atomic gas chamber, and four second-stage metasurface chips are respectively located at the lower left front, lower left rear, lower right front and lower right rear of the atomic gas chamber, and are respectively arranged parallel to the front and rear surfaces of the atomic gas chamber.

5. The optomechanical device of the three-dimensional magneto-optical trap based on the metasurface chip according to claim 2, characterized in that: The three beams of fourth output light formed by each first-stage metasurface chip are perpendicular to each other, and the angle between each beam of fourth output light and its corresponding first-stage metasurface chip is 35°-40°.

6. The optomechanical device of the three-dimensional magneto-optical trap based on the metasurface chip according to claim 1, characterized in that: The super surface module includes a first-stage super surface structure and a second-stage super surface structure; The first-stage metasurface structure includes a plurality of first-stage metasurface chips with beam splitting function and polarization maintaining function; the second-stage metasurface structure includes a plurality of second-stage metasurface chips with beam expansion function and polarization conversion function; The number of metasurface chips in the second stage is three times the number of metasurface chips in the first stage; The first-stage metasurface chip is used to perform a beam splitting operation on the third output light, converting a beam of linearly polarized third output light into three beams of linearly polarized fourth output light, and inputting each beam of fourth output light into the corresponding second-stage metasurface chip; the second-stage metasurface chip is used to perform a beam expansion operation and a polarization conversion operation on the fourth output light to form a circularly polarized metasurface output light, and converge the metasurface output light at the center of the atomic gas chamber.

7. The optomechanical device of the three-dimensional magneto-optical trap based on the metasurface chip according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metasurface module includes a first-stage metasurface structure and a reflector structure; The first-stage metasurface structure includes a plurality of first-stage metasurface chips with beam splitting, polarization conversion and beam expansion functions; the reflector structure includes a plurality of reflectors; the number of the reflectors is three times the number of the first-stage metasurface chips; The first-stage metasurface chip is used to perform beam splitting, polarization conversion and beam expansion operations on the third output light, converting a beam of linearly polarized third output light into three beams of circularly polarized metasurface output light, and guiding each beam of metasurface output light to the corresponding reflector; the reflector is used to converge the metasurface output light at the center of the atomic gas chamber.

8. The optomechanical device of the three-dimensional magneto-optical trap based on a metasurface chip according to claim 1, characterized in that: The optical fiber splitting module further includes an optical fiber array; the optical fiber array is used to input the first output light into the polarization-maintaining optical fiber coupler.

9. The optomechanical device of the three-dimensional magneto-optical trap based on a metasurface chip according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the atomic gas chamber is quartz or high borosilicate; the shape of the atomic gas chamber is a hexagonal prism, an octagonal prism or a cylindrical structure; the filling gas in the atomic gas chamber is atomic vapor including cesium and rubidium.

10. A three-dimensional magneto-optical trap system based on a metasurface chip, characterized in that: It includes an optical mechanical device of a three-dimensional magneto-optical trap based on a metasurface chip as described in claim 1, a first magnetic coil and a second magnetic coil; the first magnetic coil and the second magnetic coil are respectively located at the upper left and lower right of the atomic gas chamber; the first magnetic coil and the second magnetic coil have mirror symmetry about the center point of the atomic gas chamber, and are greater than 2 cm away from the center point of the atomic gas chamber.

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