Energy storage comprehensive value compensation method based on transfer factor

Abstract

The invention discloses an energy storage comprehensive value compensation method based on transfer factors, belongs to the technical field of energy storage systems, and aims to solve the problem that an existing market mechanism does not fully excite wide application and investment return of energy storage. The method comprises the following steps: establishing an energy storage cost compensation model based on a transfer factor according to the capacity cost of an energy storage power station and participating power market income, and obtaining an energy storage income objective function based on the transfer factor; and according to the new energy station energy storage capacity renting cost and the power grid enterprise renting energy storage capacity cost, obtaining constraint conditions of the energy storage cost compensation model based on the transfer factor. The invention is used for the energy storage system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a method for compensating comprehensive value of energy storage based on transfer factors, and belongs to the technical field of energy storage systems. Background Art

[0002] In the context of building a new power system, energy storage technology, as an important means to achieve efficient use of renewable energy, has become increasingly important. However, the current market environment and policy framework limit the profitability of energy storage projects, making it difficult for investors to obtain a satisfactory return on investment. Under such circumstances, the healthy development of the energy storage industry has been severely restricted. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study a reasonable and effective energy storage compensation price mechanism.

[0003] In recent years, extensive research has been conducted on the business model of energy storage, the pricing mechanism of energy storage, and the compensation mechanism of energy storage. In the study of the business model of energy storage systems, its multiple functions in the power market are explored. The current market structure fails to fully stimulate the widespread application of energy storage, and it is proposed that diversified sources of income are needed to increase the attractiveness of energy storage investment. In addition, the coordinated operation of energy storage and distributed energy is studied, emphasizing the increase of income by reducing peak-to-valley differences and providing ancillary services. In terms of price mechanism, the research focuses on optimizing the operation of energy storage through price signals. A dynamic electricity price strategy for energy storage is proposed, which is believed to improve the economic benefits of energy storage. The marginal cost-based energy storage pricing strategy is studied, emphasizing that this method can more effectively motivate market participation. In addition, the role of the real-time electricity price mechanism in improving the response speed of energy storage is discussed. The research on compensation mechanism focuses on the system value assessment of energy storage. The transfer factor model is used to quantify the contribution of energy storage to the power grid and calculate its due compensation. A model combining policy support and market compensation is proposed to enhance the attractiveness of energy storage investment. In addition, the energy storage compensation policy in the international market is studied, and the best practices under different market structures are pointed out.

[0004] Based on the above research, the business model, pricing mechanism and compensation mechanism of energy storage are constantly improving. However, how to design a mechanism that can reflect the actual contribution of energy storage and motivate investors in a changing market environment remains a challenge. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem that the existing market mechanism has not yet fully stimulated the widespread application of energy storage and investment returns, and to provide a method for compensating the comprehensive value of energy storage based on transfer factors.

[0006] The present invention provides a method for compensating the comprehensive value of energy storage based on a transfer factor, which comprises:

[0007] According to the capacity cost of the energy storage power station and the income from participating in the electricity market, a storage cost compensation model based on the transfer factor is established to obtain the energy storage income objective function based on the transfer factor;

[0008] According to the energy storage capacity rental fees of new energy stations and the energy storage capacity rental fees of power grid companies, the constraints of the energy storage cost compensation model based on the transfer factor are obtained.

[0009] Preferably, the capacity cost of the energy storage power station specifically includes:

[0010] The capacity cost of the energy storage power station is the initial investment, and the specific calculation formula is as follows:

[0011] C inv =C P P+C E E;

[0012] Among them, C inv represents the initial investment of the energy storage power station, P represents the rated power of the energy storage power station, C P represents the rated power cost of the energy storage power station, E represents the rated capacity of the energy storage power station, C E represents the rated capacity cost of the energy storage power station;

[0013] The rated power cost of the energy storage power station includes the equipment cost of the energy storage inverter PCS and the transformer;

[0014] The rated capacity cost of the energy storage power station includes the costs of the energy storage control and protection system, battery management system BMS, containers, cables, fire protection construction and civil construction.

[0015] Preferably, the benefits of participating in the electricity market include the benefits of energy storage participating in the spot market, the benefits of energy storage participating in the peak-shaving ancillary service market, the benefits of energy storage participating in the frequency regulation ancillary service market and the net market benefits.

[0016] Preferably, the benefits of energy storage participating in the spot market specifically include:

[0017] C ch =p ch Eη ch ;

[0018] C dis =p dis Eη dis ;

[0019] C M =C om P;

[0020]

[0021] Among them, C chrepresents the energy storage charging cost per time, p ch represents the charging price, η ch Represents the energy storage charging efficiency, C dis represents the benefit of each discharge, p dis represents the discharge price, η dis Represents the energy storage discharge efficiency, C M represents the annual operation and maintenance cost of the energy storage power station, C om represents the unit power operation and maintenance cost, C spot represents the annual net income of the energy storage power station participating in the spot market, i=1,2,…,N represents the annual charge and discharge times of the energy storage power station, represents the discharge benefit of the i-th charge and discharge, Represents the energy storage charging efficiency of the i-th charge and discharge.

[0022] Preferably, the revenue from energy storage participating in the peak load ancillary service market specifically includes: in areas where the electricity spot market has not yet been developed, energy storage obtains revenue by participating in the peak load ancillary service market, which is specifically calculated as follows:

[0023]

[0024] Among them, C tf represents the annual net revenue of the energy storage power station auxiliary service market, It represents the unit compensation price of ancillary services that the energy storage power station can obtain.

[0025] Preferably, the revenue from energy storage participating in the frequency regulation auxiliary service market specifically includes: the frequency regulation revenue from energy storage power stations includes frequency regulation capacity revenue and frequency regulation mileage revenue, and the specific calculation method is:

[0026]

[0027] Among them, C tp represents the annual frequency regulation income of the energy storage power station, m1 represents the annual number of successful bids for the energy storage power station, and m2 represents the annual frequency regulation operations of the energy storage power station. Indicates the winning capacity of the energy storage power station frequency regulation market, represents the capacity compensation price,

[0028] α represents the availability rate, Indicates the frequency regulation mileage of the energy storage power station. represents the frequency modulation mileage clearing price, and K represents the comprehensive performance index of frequency modulation.

[0029] Preferably, the net market income specifically includes: the net market income of the energy storage power station is the net income of the spot market or the net income of the peak load auxiliary service market, specifically:

[0030] C market =C spotor C tf ;

[0031] Among them, C market Represents the annual net income of energy storage power stations participating in the electricity market.

[0032] Preferably, a specific method for establishing an energy storage cost compensation model based on a transfer factor and obtaining an energy storage benefit objective function based on a transfer factor includes:

[0033] The capacity income of energy storage power stations and the capacity rental fees of new energy stations and power grid companies can be adjusted according to the transfer factor λ. The adjustment calculation is as follows:

[0034] C a ' nnu =C n ' ew +C′ grid =C annu -λC market ;

[0035]

[0036] Among them, C annu represents the capacity benefit of the energy storage power station, C a ' nnu represents the capacity benefit of the energy storage power station after the transfer factor is introduced,

[0037] C market represents the annual net income of energy storage power station participating in the electricity market, C new Represents the capacity rental fee of the new energy station,

[0038] C n ' ew represents the adjusted capacity rental fee of the new energy station, C grid represents the capacity rental fee of the power grid company, C′ grid It represents the capacity rental fee of the power grid enterprise after adjustment;

[0039] The value range of the transfer factor λ satisfies: λ∈[0,1];

[0040] When λ = 0, all the investment in energy storage power station capacity is channeled through capacity sales;

[0041] When λ = 1, all electricity market revenue is used to offset capacity investment;

[0042] After the transfer factor λ is introduced, the annual total revenue of the energy storage power station is C inc The calculation is as follows:

[0043] C inc =C annu +(1-λ)Cmarket ;

[0044] After the transfer factor is introduced, the internal rate of return (IRR) of the energy storage power station is calculated as follows:

[0045]

[0046] Wherein, j = 1, 2, ..., n represents the design operating life of the energy storage power station;

[0047] The internal rate of return (IRR) of the energy storage power station is directly related to the value of the transfer factor λ, and the value of the transfer factor λ is determined by the net income of the electricity market.

[0048] Preferably, the rental fee for energy storage capacity of new energy stations specifically includes:

[0049] For new energy power stations, the annual cost of self-built energy storage is calculated as follows:

[0050]

[0051] Among them, C n-annu represents the equivalent annual value of the energy storage of the new energy power station itself and the upper limit constraint of the cost of leasing energy storage capacity, C n-inv It represents the total initial investment in energy storage configuration for new energy power stations.

[0052] C nM represents the annual operation and maintenance cost of the energy storage power station, C nb Energy storage reduces the cost of abandoned electricity from new energy sources, C ns It said that energy storage reduces the assessment costs of new energy power stations;

[0053] The specific costs of renting energy storage capacity by the power grid enterprise described in S2 include:

[0054] The cost of grid companies renting energy storage capacity C g-annu Equivalent to the replacement cost of power grid expansion and transformation C t and demand response capacity replacement fee C d The specific calculation is as follows:

[0055] C g-annu =C t +C d ;

[0056] Among them, the replacement cost of power grid expansion and transformation C t The calculation is based on the annual depreciation level of power grid investment, and the specific calculation is as follows:

[0057] C t =θ t p gt η ch P;

[0058] Among them, θ t represents the annual depreciation rate of fixed assets of power transmission and distribution equipment, p gt It indicates the unit cost of the transmission and distribution system;

[0059] Demand response capacity replacement fee C d The calculation is based on the power grid demand response price quotation method, and the specific calculation is as follows:

[0060] C d =θ ti θ sp p d P;

[0061] Among them, θ ti represents the control duration coefficient,

[0062] θ sp represents the response speed coefficient,

[0063] p d Represents the unit capacity response price.

[0064] Preferably, the constraints specifically include power market profit level constraints, new energy power station leasing energy storage capacity cost constraints, grid operator purchasing energy storage capacity service cost constraints, energy storage power station charging efficiency constraints, energy storage power station discharging efficiency constraints and energy storage power station charging and discharging cycle constraints, specifically:

[0065] sC market >0

[0066] C new ≤C n-annu

[0067] C grid ≤C g-annu

[0068] η ch ≤η ch-l SOC max

[0069] η dis ≤η dis-l (1-SOC min )

[0070]

[0071] Among them, η ch-l Indicates the charging loss of the energy storage power station, SOC max Indicates the upper limit of the state of charge of the energy storage station, η dis-l Indicates the energy storage discharge loss, SOC min Indicates the lower limit of the charge state of the energy storage station, N j Indicates the number of charge and discharge cycles of the energy storage power station, Nra Indicates the rated charge and discharge times of the energy storage power station.

[0072] Advantages of the present invention: The present invention systematically sorts out the design principles of the energy storage compensation mechanism, clarifies the design goals of the energy storage compensation mechanism, and proposes an energy storage compensation mechanism based on transfer factors to more accurately reflect the compensation method of the benefit subject to the energy storage subject. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0073] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the business flow and capital flow of the new energy side energy storage described in the present invention;

[0074] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the business flow and capital flow of the grid-side energy storage described in the present invention;

[0075] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the business flow and capital flow of the user-side energy storage described in the present invention;

[0076] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the energy storage power station and multiple stakeholders described in the present invention;

[0077] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the income and internal rate of return of the energy storage power station and the transfer factor of the present invention;

[0078] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the effect of the energy storage cost on the adjustment factor and the lower limit of the internal rate of return according to the present invention;

[0079] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the impact of the spot market price difference change on the adjustment factor and the lower limit of the internal rate of return according to the present invention;

[0080] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the impact of the change in annual energy storage utilization rate on the adjustment factor and the lower limit of the internal rate of return described in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0081] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0082] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments may be combined with each other.

[0083] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but they are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0084] Embodiment 1:

[0085] Combine the following Figure 1-Figure 8 This embodiment is described. The energy storage comprehensive value compensation method based on the transfer factor described in this embodiment includes:

[0086] According to the capacity cost of the energy storage power station and the income from participating in the electricity market, a storage cost compensation model based on the transfer factor is established to obtain the energy storage income objective function based on the transfer factor;

[0087] According to the energy storage capacity rental fees of new energy stations and the energy storage capacity rental fees of power grid companies, the constraints of the energy storage cost compensation model based on the transfer factor are obtained.

[0088] Furthermore, the capacity cost of the energy storage power station specifically includes:

[0089] The capacity cost of the energy storage power station is the initial investment, and the specific calculation formula is as follows:

[0090] C inv =C P P+C E E;

[0091] Among them, C inv represents the initial investment of the energy storage power station, P represents the rated power of the energy storage power station, C P represents the rated power cost of the energy storage power station, E represents the rated capacity of the energy storage power station, C E represents the rated capacity cost of the energy storage power station;

[0092] The rated power cost of the energy storage power station includes the equipment cost of the energy storage inverter PCS and the transformer;

[0093] The rated capacity cost of the energy storage power station includes the costs of the energy storage control and protection system, battery management system BMS, containers, cables, fire protection construction and civil construction.

[0094] Furthermore, the benefits of participating in the electricity market include the benefits of energy storage participating in the spot market, the benefits of energy storage participating in the peak-shaving ancillary service market, the benefits of energy storage participating in the frequency regulation ancillary service market and the net market benefits.

[0095] Furthermore, the benefits of energy storage participating in the spot market specifically include:

[0096] C ch =p ch Eη ch ;

[0097] C dis =p dis Eη dis ;

[0098] C M =C om P;

[0099]

[0100] Among them, C ch represents the energy storage charging cost per time, p ch represents the charging price, η ch Represents the energy storage charging efficiency, C dis represents the benefit of each discharge, p dis represents the discharge price, η dis Represents the energy storage discharge efficiency, C M represents the annual operation and maintenance cost of the energy storage power station, C om represents the unit power operation and maintenance cost, C spot represents the annual net income of the energy storage power station participating in the spot market, i=1,2,…,N represents the annual charge and discharge times of the energy storage power station, represents the discharge benefit of the i-th charge and discharge, Represents the energy storage charging efficiency of the i-th charge and discharge.

[0101] Furthermore, the benefits of energy storage participating in the peak load ancillary service market include: in areas where the electricity spot market has not yet been developed, energy storage can obtain benefits by participating in the peak load ancillary service market, and the specific calculation is as follows:

[0102]

[0103] Among them, C tf represents the annual net revenue of the energy storage power station auxiliary service market, It represents the unit compensation price of ancillary services that the energy storage power station can obtain.

[0104] Furthermore, the benefits of energy storage participating in the frequency regulation auxiliary service market specifically include: the frequency regulation benefits of energy storage power stations include frequency regulation capacity benefits and frequency regulation mileage benefits, and the specific calculation method is:

[0105]

[0106] Among them, C tp represents the annual frequency regulation income of the energy storage power station, m1 represents the annual number of successful bids for the energy storage power station, and m2 represents the annual frequency regulation operations of the energy storage power station. Indicates the winning capacity of the energy storage power station frequency regulation market, represents the capacity compensation price,

[0107] α represents the availability rate, Indicates the frequency regulation mileage of the energy storage power station. represents the frequency modulation mileage clearing price, and K represents the comprehensive performance index of frequency modulation.

[0108] Furthermore, the net market income specifically includes: the net market income of the energy storage power station is the net income of the spot market or the net income of the peak load auxiliary service market, specifically:

[0109] C market =C spot or C tf ;

[0110] Among them, C market Represents the annual net income of energy storage power stations participating in the electricity market.

[0111] Furthermore, a storage cost compensation model based on the transfer factor is established. The specific method for obtaining the storage benefit objective function based on the transfer factor includes:

[0112] The capacity income of energy storage power stations and the capacity rental fees of new energy stations and power grid companies can be adjusted according to the transfer factor λ. The adjustment calculation is as follows:

[0113] C′ annu =C′ new +C′ grid =C annu -λC market ;

[0114]

[0115] Among them, C annu represents the capacity benefit of the energy storage power station, C a ' nnu represents the capacity benefit of the energy storage power station after the transfer factor is introduced,

[0116] C market represents the annual net income of energy storage power station participating in the electricity market, C new Represents the capacity rental fee of the new energy station,

[0117] C′ new represents the adjusted capacity rental fee of the new energy station, C grid represents the capacity rental fee of the power grid company, C′ grid It represents the capacity rental fee of the power grid enterprise after adjustment;

[0118] The value range of the transfer factor λ satisfies: λ∈[0,1];

[0119] When λ = 0, all the investment in energy storage power station capacity is channeled through capacity sales;

[0120] When λ = 1, all electricity market revenue is used to offset capacity investment;

[0121] After the transfer factor λ is introduced, the annual total revenue of the energy storage power station is C inc The calculation is as follows:

[0122] C inc =C annu +(1-λ)C market ;

[0123] After the transfer factor is introduced, the internal rate of return (IRR) of the energy storage power station is calculated as follows:

[0124]

[0125] Wherein, j = 1, 2, ..., n represents the design operating life of the energy storage power station;

[0126] The internal rate of return (IRR) of the energy storage power station is directly related to the value of the transfer factor λ, and the value of the transfer factor λ is determined by the net income of the electricity market.

[0127] Furthermore, the rental fees for energy storage capacity of new energy stations specifically include:

[0128] For new energy power stations, the annual cost of self-built energy storage is calculated as follows:

[0129]

[0130] Among them, C n-annu represents the equivalent annual value of the energy storage of the new energy power station itself and the upper limit constraint of the cost of leasing energy storage capacity, C n-inv It represents the total initial investment in energy storage configuration for new energy power stations.

[0131] C nM represents the annual operation and maintenance cost of the energy storage power station, C nb Energy storage reduces the cost of abandoned electricity from new energy sources, C ns It said that energy storage reduces the assessment costs of new energy power stations;

[0132] The specific costs of renting energy storage capacity by the power grid enterprise described in S2 include:

[0133] The cost of grid companies renting energy storage capacity C g-annu Equivalent to the replacement cost of power grid expansion and transformation C t and demand response capacity replacement fee C d The specific calculation is as follows:

[0134] C g-annu =C t +C d ;

[0135] Among them, the replacement cost of power grid expansion and transformation C tThe calculation is based on the annual depreciation level of power grid investment, and the specific calculation is as follows:

[0136] C t =θ t p gt η ch P;

[0137] Among them, θ t represents the annual depreciation rate of fixed assets of power transmission and distribution equipment, p gt It indicates the unit cost of the transmission and distribution system;

[0138] Demand response capacity replacement fee C d The calculation is based on the power grid demand response price quotation method, and the specific calculation is as follows:

[0139] C d =θ ti θ sp p d P;

[0140] Among them, θ ti represents the control duration coefficient,

[0141] θ sp represents the response speed coefficient,

[0142] p d Represents the unit capacity response price.

[0143] Furthermore, the constraints include the power market profit level constraint, the energy storage capacity leasing cost constraint of new energy power stations, the energy storage capacity service cost constraint of power grid operators, the energy storage power station charging efficiency constraint, the energy storage power station discharging efficiency constraint and the energy storage power station charging and discharging cycle number constraint, specifically:

[0144] sC market >0

[0145] C new ≤C n-annu

[0146] C grid ≤C g-annu

[0147] η ch ≤η ch-l SOC max

[0148] η dis ≤η dis-l (1-SOC min )

[0149]

[0150] Among them, η ch-l Indicates the charging loss of the energy storage power station, SOC max Indicates the upper limit of the state of charge of the energy storage station, η dis-l Indicates the energy storage discharge loss, SOC min Indicates the lower limit of the charge state of the energy storage station, N j Indicates the number of charge and discharge cycles of the energy storage power station, N ra Indicates the rated charge and discharge times of the energy storage power station.

[0151] In the present invention, according to different energy storage application scenarios, its business model can be divided into new energy side energy storage business model, grid side energy storage business model and user side business model. The business model and profit model under each energy storage application scenario are introduced as follows.

[0152] New energy side: Construction mode: The construction mode is mainly centralized, supplemented by decentralized. It is recommended to select a site at a new energy collection station or grid connection point. The energy storage power station and new energy enterprises share the power grid transmission channel to improve the utilization efficiency of the power grid channel. The investment and construction party is various market entities including new energy enterprises. New energy enterprises can lease energy storage facilities through self-construction, joint construction or according to the matching requirements. The leased capacity is regarded as its matching energy storage capacity.

[0153] On the new energy side, new energy companies and various market players can build or jointly build or lease energy storage facilities according to the matching ratio requirements, and give full play to the characteristics of energy storage power stations in reducing the amount of power abandoned and suppressing the fluctuation of new energy processing. The profit channels of energy storage power stations mainly include the income from reducing power abandonment, participating in deep peak regulation, participating in frequency regulation, and participating in demand response. The business flow and capital flow of energy storage in this scenario are as follows: Figure 1 shown.

[0154] Grid side: Grid side energy storage power stations are mainly invested and constructed by grid companies and third-party companies through independent or cooperative models. They are mainly deployed at key grid nodes, grid terminals, remote areas, and important load areas. They focus on the role of energy storage in improving grid power supply reliability, slowing down grid congestion, and delaying the expansion and upgrading of transmission and distribution equipment. Compensation income is obtained based on the mechanism of "who benefits, who bears" and "pay according to effect". The business flow and capital flow of energy storage power stations in this scenario are as follows: Figure 2 shown.

[0155] User side: User-side energy storage power stations are mainly invested and constructed by end users and third-party companies through independent or cooperative models, focusing on the temporal and spatial characteristics of energy storage in electricity transfer, including end-user energy storage integration development scenarios and supply-demand interactive energy storage application scenarios. The end-user energy storage integration development scenario is mainly based on the "non-market" model, which obtains revenue through peak-valley arbitrage, demand management, and improved power supply reliability, and the energy storage costs are shared by end users. The supply-demand interactive energy storage application scenario is based on the "market" model, which makes profits through peak-valley arbitrage and participation in the demand response market. The energy storage costs are shared by distributed energy storage entities and market-oriented users. Part of the cost is recovered through peak-valley arbitrage by distributed energy storage users, and the other part of the cost is borne by market-oriented users in the demand-side response area. The business flow and capital flow of the energy storage power station in this scenario are as follows: Figure 3 shown.

[0156] Since the cost of user-side energy storage is mainly shared by end users and is not within the scope of research on energy storage cost compensation mechanisms, this application focuses on studying the cost compensation mechanisms for energy storage on the new energy side and the grid side.

[0157] Design principles of energy storage compensation mechanism:

[0158] Unification of function and value: Energy storage power stations can realize capacity sharing in space and energy transfer in time. Therefore, both capacity value and electricity value should be considered in the design of price mechanism. Capacity mainly includes primary frequency regulation, voltage regulation, black start, emergency standby, etc. Its value is mainly reflected in ensuring the safe and stable operation of the power system, ensuring reliable power supply, delaying the expansion and transformation of power facilities, and alleviating line congestion. The evaluation indicators mainly include charging and discharging power, response time, regulation speed, regulation accuracy, etc. The electricity value of energy storage power stations is mainly realized through energy time shifting, including peak shaving and valley filling of the power system, promoting the consumption of new energy, and smoothing the price fluctuations of spot electricity, and is reflected through operating indicators, including charging and discharging prices, charging and discharging efficiency, and charging and discharging duration.

[0159] Unification of cost and benefit: The investment rate of return of energy storage power station projects needs to reach a certain reasonable level to realize the effectiveness of price mechanism design. The application of energy storage power station capacity has the characteristics of uncertain time and non-fixed capacity size, but for system operation, it can be prepared but not used, and cannot be used without preparation. Its characteristics determine that it is difficult for energy storage power stations to obtain stable income in conventional electricity markets. The capacity cost of energy storage power stations is mainly determined by fixed investment, so it is necessary to establish a stable capacity income mechanism to ensure the recovery of fixed investment. The electricity income of energy storage power stations is determined by the short-term electricity supply and demand relationship. Therefore, it is necessary to promote the normalization of energy storage to participate in the electricity market, form prices through market competition, and continuously expand the income brought by electricity.

[0160] Unification of responsibilities, rights and interests: Unification of responsibilities, rights and interests is the key to cost management of energy storage power stations. Figure 4 The figure shows the relationship between new energy power stations, power grid operators, and energy storage power station developers. For areas with insufficient peak-shaving resources, new energy power stations need to bear the construction costs of additional peak-shaving capacity, such as investment in energy storage capacity; because the system frequency and voltage generated by the high proportion of new energy and high proportion of power electronic equipment connected to the grid involve safety and stability issues of the entire network, the power system should bear the energy storage capacity service fee; in order to improve the transmission capacity of the power grid, alleviate congestion, and effectively replace the construction and expansion of transmission and distribution facilities, the relevant energy storage service costs should be channeled through transmission and distribution prices under the supervision and audit requirements. From the perspective of affordability, the one-time investment in self-built energy storage by new energy power stations and power grid operators is large, and the policy risk is high. The use of energy storage is irregular and quantitative, and it is mostly in standby state with low utilization rate. In comparison, the annual operating funds for leasing or purchasing energy storage capacity services are small, and the policy risk is low. Energy storage power stations can meet the needs of new energy power stations and power grid operators, as well as the needs of power system operation.

[0161] Therefore, before making full profits through the market, the pricing mechanism of energy storage power stations should first consider the characteristics of system sharing and multi-party benefits brought by energy storage capacity, bear the corresponding capacity costs in accordance with the principle of "whoever benefits, whoever shares", and ensure the sustainability of energy storage investment; secondly, by improving the lean operation and management level of energy storage power stations, expand the profit space for participating in the electricity market and prevent construction without use; finally, it is necessary to establish a reasonable distribution relationship between capacity benefits and market benefits to ensure the balanced benefits of all stakeholders.

[0162] Research on energy storage compensation mechanism: Considering factors such as the capacity cost of energy storage power stations, the benefits of participating in the electricity market, and the method of diverting capacity costs, by establishing an energy storage cost compensation model based on transfer factors, it aims to determine the value of energy storage capacity purchased by stakeholders such as new energy power generation companies and power grid operators through a mathematical model, and achieve a multi-party balanced distribution of the benefits generated by investing in energy storage construction.

[0163] Capacity cost: The capacity cost of an energy storage power station is mainly the initial investment. The specific calculation formula is as follows:

[0164] C inv =C P P+C E E

[0165] In the formula, C inv represents the initial investment of the energy storage power station, P is the rated power of the energy storage power station, C P is the unit power cost of energy storage; E is the rated capacity of the energy storage power station, C EThe unit capacity cost of the energy storage power station. The rated power cost of energy storage includes the cost of equipment such as energy storage inverter (PCS) and transformer; the rated capacity cost of energy storage includes the cost of energy storage control and protection system, battery management system BMS, container, cable, fire protection and civil construction.

[0166] Benefits of participating in the electricity market: The types of electricity markets in which energy storage power stations participate mainly include the spot market, peak load ancillary service market, and frequency regulation ancillary service market.

[0167] (1) Benefits of energy storage participating in the spot market

[0168] The net income of energy storage participating in the spot market is mainly composed of its discharge income, charging costs and annual operation and maintenance costs, which are calculated as follows:

[0169] C ch =p ch Eη ch

[0170] C dis =p dis Eη dis

[0171] C M =C om P

[0172]

[0173] In the formula, C ch is the energy storage charging fee per time, p ch is the charging price, η ch is the energy storage charging efficiency; C dis is the revenue per discharge, p dis is the discharge price, η dis is the energy storage discharge efficiency; C M is the annual operation and maintenance cost of the energy storage power station, C om is the unit power operation and maintenance cost; C spot is the annual net income of the energy storage power station participating in the spot market; N is the annual charge and discharge times of the energy storage power station, which is determined by the annual equivalent utilization hours.

[0174] (2) Revenue from energy storage participating in the peak load ancillary service market

[0175] In areas where the electricity spot market has not yet been developed, energy storage can obtain benefits by participating in the peak load ancillary service market. The specific calculation is as follows:

[0176]

[0177] In the formula, C tf is the annual net revenue of the energy storage power station auxiliary service market, The compensation price for the ancillary service units that can be obtained by energy storage power stations.

[0178] (3) Benefits of energy storage participating in the frequency regulation ancillary service market

[0179] The frequency regulation benefits of energy storage power stations include frequency regulation capacity benefits and frequency regulation mileage benefits. The specific calculation is as follows:

[0180]

[0181] In the formula, C tp Annual revenue from frequency regulation for energy storage power stations; Win the bid for the capacity of the energy storage power station frequency regulation market, is the capacity compensation price, 10,000 yuan / MW; α is the availability rate; m1 is the number of successful bids for the energy storage power station in a year; Frequency regulation mileage of energy storage power station, MW; is the frequency regulation mileage clearing price, RMB 10,000 / MW; K is the comprehensive performance index of frequency regulation

[14] ; m2 is the number of frequency regulation operations per year of the energy storage power station.

[0182] (4) Net market income

[0183] Among the three types of markets, the frequency regulation ancillary service market fully considers capacity compensation, and energy storage power stations no longer have the conditions for capacity leasing or selling. Therefore, energy storage power stations participating in the frequency regulation ancillary service market have an independent price formation mechanism, which is not within the scope of this article. The spot market and the peak-shaving ancillary service market are essentially the same electric energy market. After spot trading is carried out, the peak-shaving ancillary service market is usually cancelled. Therefore, the net income of the energy storage power station in the electricity market is the net income of the spot market or the net income of the peak-shaving ancillary service market. The details are as follows:

[0184] C market =C spot or C tf

[0185] In the formula, C market It is the annual net income of energy storage power stations participating in the electricity market.

[0186] Energy storage benefit objective function based on transfer factor:

[0187] There are two main traditional methods of capacity cost compensation. One is that all capacity costs are offset through capacity sales, and the other is that all capacity costs are offset through the electricity market.

[0188] (1) Capacity costs are all diverted through capacity sales

[0189] In the case where all the investment in energy storage power station capacity is channeled through capacity sales, the equivalent annual value of the energy storage power station capacity cost is calculated as follows:

[0190]

[0191] In the formula, k is the residual value rate of fixed assets of the energy storage power station, i is the benchmark rate of return, and n is the designed operating life of the energy storage power station.

[0192] According to the principle of "whoever benefits, whoever bears the cost", energy storage power stations mainly sell capacity to new energy power stations and power grid operators. If the investment in energy storage power station capacity is entirely borne by new energy power stations and power grid operators:

[0193] C annu =C new +C grid

[0194] In the formula, C new The cost of renting or purchasing energy storage capacity for new energy stations, C grid The fees paid to grid operators to lease or purchase energy storage capacity.

[0195] In this scenario, the internal rate of return (IRR) of the energy storage power station is calculated as follows:

[0196]

[0197] If all investment in energy storage power station capacity is channeled through capacity sales, the energy storage power station will obtain the maximum profit level, but the capacity costs borne by new energy power stations or grid operators usually exceed the level of self-built energy storage, and this model is unsustainable.

[0198] (2) Capacity costs are all channeled through the electricity market

[0199] In the case where all investment in energy storage power station capacity is channeled through the electricity market, the benefits of energy storage come entirely from the electricity market, and its internal rate of return IRR is calculated as follows:

[0200]

[0201] Based on the current revenue levels of the electricity spot market and ancillary service market, there is still great uncertainty in compensating the capacity costs of energy storage power stations through this model.

[0202] (3) Capacity cost guidance by introducing transfer factors

[0203] According to the design principles of the energy storage power station pricing mechanism, the revenue of energy storage power stations consists of two parts: capacity sales and participation in the electricity market. Beneficiaries such as new energy power generation companies and grid operators bear part of the capacity cost. According to the profit level of energy storage power stations participating in the electricity market, a transfer factor is introduced to reduce the price of capacity sales, meet the constraints of new energy power generation companies, grid operators and other stakeholders in purchasing capacity services, and achieve a multi-party balanced distribution of benefits.

[0204] The capacity income of energy storage power stations and the capacity rental fees of new energy stations and power grid companies can be adjusted according to the transfer factor λ. The adjustment calculation is as follows:

[0205] C′ annu =C′ new +C′ grid =C annu -λC market

[0206]

[0207] In the formula, C′ annu C′ is the capacity benefit of the energy storage power station after the transfer factor is introduced. new is the adjusted capacity rental fee of the new energy station, C′ grid It is the capacity rental fee of the adjusted power grid enterprise.

[0208] The value range of the transfer factor λ should satisfy λ∈[0,1]. When λ=0, all the capacity investment of energy storage power stations is channeled through capacity sales; when λ=1, all the electricity market income is used to offset the capacity investment.

[0209] After the transfer factor is introduced, the annual total revenue of the energy storage power station is C inc The calculation is as follows:

[0210] C inc =C annu +(1-λ)C market

[0211] It can be concluded that after the transfer factor is introduced, the internal rate of return of the energy storage power station is calculated as follows:

[0212]

[0213] The internal rate of return (IRR) of energy storage power stations is directly related to the value of λ, which is determined by the net income of the electricity market. In the spot market, the net income of energy storage power stations in the electricity market is determined by the spot market charge-discharge price difference and the annual equivalent charge-discharge times; in the peak-shaving auxiliary service market, it is determined by the peak-shaving auxiliary service market clearing price level and the annual peak-shaving hours.

[0214] Constraints:

[0215] New energy station energy storage capacity rental costs

[0216] For new energy power stations, if the cost of leasing an energy storage power station is greater than the cost of building a self-built energy storage power station, the new energy power generation enterprise will choose to build its own energy storage. The annual cost of its self-built energy storage is calculated as follows:

[0217]

[0218] Where C n-annu C is the equivalent annual value of the energy storage of the new energy power station itself and the upper limit of the cost of leasing energy storage capacity; n-inv The total initial investment for configuring energy storage for new energy power stations; C nM is the annual operation and maintenance cost of the energy storage power station; C nb To reduce the cost of abandoned electricity from new energy for energy storage, RMB 10,000; C ns Reduce the assessment costs of new energy power stations for energy storage.

[0219] Costs of leasing energy storage capacity by power grid companies

[0220] The capacity cost C of the grid operator renting energy storage g-annu It can be equivalent to the replacement cost C of power grid expansion and transformation t and demand response capacity replacement charge C d The specific calculation is as follows:

[0221] C g-annu =C t +C d

[0222] Grid expansion and transformation replacement costs C t It can be calculated based on the annual depreciation level of power grid investment, and the specific calculation is as follows:

[0223] C t =θ t p gt η ch P

[0224] Where p gt is the unit cost of the transmission and distribution system; θ t It is the annual depreciation rate of fixed assets of power transmission and distribution equipment.

[0225] Demand response capacity replacement fee C d It can be calculated based on the power grid demand response price quotation method, and the specific calculation is as follows:

[0226] C d =θ ti θ sp p d P

[0227] Where θ ti is the control time coefficient; θ sp is the response speed coefficient; p d Unit capacity response price.

[0228] Comprehensive constraints

[0229] Taking into account the above constraints on the rental capacity of energy storage facilities and power grid companies and the operation constraints of energy storage itself, the following constraints are given:

[0230] s C market >0 (1)

[0231] C new ≤C n-annu (2)

[0232] C grid ≤C g-annu (3)

[0233] η ch ≤η ch-l SOC max (4)

[0234] η dis ≤η dis-l (1-SOC min ) (5)

[0235]

[0236] Where η ch-l Charging loss of energy storage power station; η dis-l SOC is the discharge loss of the energy storage power station; max SOC is the upper limit of the state of charge of the energy storage station; min N is the lower limit of the charge state of the energy storage power station; ra It is the rated charge and discharge times of the energy storage station.

[0237] The specific meanings of the above constraints are as follows: formula (1) represents the profit level constraint of the electricity market; formula (2) represents the cost constraint of leasing energy storage capacity of new energy power stations; formula (3) represents the cost constraint of purchasing energy storage capacity service by power grid operators; formula (4) represents the charging efficiency constraint of energy storage power stations; formula (5) represents the discharging efficiency constraint of energy storage power stations; formula (6) represents the number of charging and discharging cycles of energy storage power stations.

[0238] Case: A certain region plans to build a new 1000MW new energy power generation project. According to policy requirements, it will simultaneously configure 15% of new energy installed capacity and a new energy storage with a charging time of 2h. In order to improve the transmission capacity of new energy, the power grid needs to upgrade the 220kV transmission line. At the same time, in order to ensure the safe and stable operation of the high-proportion new energy grid-connected power system, it is necessary to purchase demand response resources based on 3% of the annual maximum load. After analysis, it is planned to build a 150MW / 300MWh lithium-ion battery energy storage power station. The project benchmark rate of return is 8%, the design operating life of the energy storage power station is 10 years, and the residual value rate is 5%. Other detailed parameters are introduced as follows:

[0239] Energy storage power station parameter settings

[0240] According to the current market situation, the unit capacity cost of lithium-ion energy storage power stations is 1.2 yuan / Wh. The energy storage power station currently only participates in the electricity spot market, with an annual utilization of 60% and a battery charging and discharging efficiency of 90%. The average charging and discharging price difference of energy storage participating in the spot market in the region is 0.5 yuan / kWh. The annual operation and maintenance cost of the power station is an investment cost of 30 yuan / kW.

[0241] New energy power station parameter settings

[0242] According to calculations, after configuring energy storage, the new energy station can reduce the amount of abandoned electricity by 3% each year and reduce the assessment fee by 1% of the annual power generation. At present, the annual utilization hours of solar energy in the region are 1517h, the annual utilization hours of wind power are 2506h, and the grid-connected electricity price of new energy is 0.2829 yuan / kWh.

[0243] Grid side parameter setting

[0244] The comprehensive depreciation period of transmission and distribution lines and equipment is 25 years, and the annual depreciation rate of fixed assets of transmission and distribution equipment is 0.038. Energy storage power stations can participate in demand response to replace interruptible loads of corresponding capacity. The compensation standard for grid demand response and the demand response speed compensation coefficient are shown in Table 1.

[0245] Table 1

[0246]

[0247] Calculation results analysis

[0248] According to calculations, the annual cost of leasing energy storage for new energy sources does not exceed 21.32 million yuan, the cost of purchasing energy storage for power grid operators does not exceed 15.66 million yuan, the initial annual investment value of energy storage power stations is 50.97 million yuan, and the annual net income in the spot market is 25.07 million yuan. The changes in the new energy leasing cost, grid leasing cost, capacity income after adjustment of energy storage power stations, spot market income, total income, and dynamic content yield with the transfer factor are shown in Table 2.

[0249] Table 2

[0250]

[0251] Figure 5 The relationship between the income and internal rate of return of the energy storage power station and the changes in the transfer factor can more intuitively reflect the impact of changes in the transfer factor on the benefits of the energy storage power station.

[0252] From Table 2 and Figure 5 It can be seen that as the transfer factor increases, the adjusted capacity benefit gradually decreases, the leasing costs of energy storage capacity for new energy companies and grid operators decrease, and the internal rate of return of energy storage power stations gradually decreases.

[0253] When λ=0, the annual capacity cost of the energy storage power station is 50.97 million yuan, all of which is sold through capacity, and is shared by new energy companies and grid operators, who bear 29.39 million yuan and 21.58 million yuan respectively. At this time, the internal rate of return of the energy storage power station is the highest, reaching 16.85%. However, the capacity fees paid by new energy power generation companies and grid operators exceed the cost of self-built energy storage by new energy power stations and the cost of grid operators upgrading and transforming the grid. Neither of them will choose to rent energy storage capacity.

[0254] When λ=0.56, the new energy site and grid operator can pay the energy storage capacity fee according to the cost of self-built energy storage and upgraded grid, paying 23.12 million yuan and 15.66 million yuan respectively. The total revenue of the energy storage power station is 62.05 million yuan. The energy storage power station needs to take out 13.99 million yuan from the electricity market to offset the capacity cost. At this time, the internal rate of return of the energy storage power station is 11.76%.

[0255] When λ=0.94, the new energy enterprise and the grid operator will bear the capacity costs of 27.34 million yuan and 15.77 million yuan respectively, which can guarantee an internal rate of return of 8% for the energy storage power station. When λ>0.94, the internal rate of return of the energy storage power station will be lower than 8%.

[0256] Therefore, when λ∈[0.56,0.94], the internal rate of return of the energy storage power station can be guaranteed to be above 8%, and at the same time, the cost of leasing energy storage for new energy and grid operators is lower than the cost of self-construction or grid expansion and transformation.

[0257] Sensitivity analysis

[0258] A sensitivity analysis was conducted on the three influencing factors: energy storage cost, spot market electricity price difference, and annual energy storage utilization rate, focusing on the impact of the above factors on the upper and lower limits of the transfer factor and the internal rate of return of the energy storage power station.

[0259] Energy storage cost: The impact of changes in energy storage cost unit price on the changes in the upper and lower limits of the adjustment factor and the lower limit of the internal rate of return of energy storage power stations is shown in Table 3 and Figure 6 shown.

[0260] Table 3

[0261]

[0262] From Table 3 and Figure 6It can be seen that as the unit price of energy storage cost increases, the lower limit of the transfer factor gradually decreases, the upper limit of the transfer factor slightly increases, and the internal rate of return of the energy storage power station gradually increases. The absolute value of the sensitivity coefficient of the lower limit of the transfer factor varies in the range of [0.74, 2.88], the absolute value of the sensitivity coefficient of the upper limit of the transfer factor varies in the range of [0.001, 0.005], and the absolute value of the sensitivity coefficient of the lower limit of the transfer factor varies in the range of [41.92, 136.79]. The internal rate of return of the energy storage power station is most sensitive to changes in the unit price of energy storage cost. In addition, when the unit price of energy storage cost drops by more than 40%, the internal rate of return of the energy storage power station is less than 8%, which is not economical.

[0263] (2) Spot market electricity price difference

[0264] The impact of spot market price spread changes on the upper and lower limits of the adjustment factor and the lower limit of the internal rate of return of energy storage power stations is shown in Table 4 and Figure 7 shown.

[0265] Table 4

[0266]

[0267]

[0268] From Table 4 and Figure 7 It can be seen that as the spot market spread increases, the lower limit of the transfer factor gradually decreases, the upper limit of the transfer factor gradually increases, and the internal rate of return of the energy storage power station gradually increases. The absolute value of the sensitivity coefficient of the lower limit of the transfer factor varies in the range of [0.74, 2.88], the absolute value of the sensitivity coefficient of the upper limit of the transfer factor varies in the range of [0.01, 0.03], and the absolute value of the sensitivity coefficient of the lower limit of the transfer factor varies in the range of [14.98, 16.40]. The internal rate of return of the energy storage power station is most sensitive to changes in the unit price of energy storage cost. In addition, when the unit price of energy storage cost drops by more than 40%, the internal rate of return of the energy storage power station is less than 8%, which is not economical.

[0269] (3) Annual utilization rate of energy storage

[0270] The impact of spot market price spread changes on the upper and lower limits of the adjustment factor and the lower limit of the internal rate of return of energy storage power stations is shown in Table 5 and Figure 8 shown.

[0271] Table 5

[0272]

[0273] From Table 5 and Figure 8It can be seen that with the increase in the annual utilization rate of energy storage, the lower limit of the transfer factor gradually decreases, the upper limit of the transfer factor slightly increases, and the internal rate of return of the energy storage power station gradually increases. The absolute value of the sensitivity coefficient of the lower limit of the transfer factor varies in the range of [0.74, 2.88], the absolute value of the sensitivity coefficient of the upper limit of the transfer factor varies in the range of [0.001, 0.005], and the absolute value of the sensitivity coefficient of the lower limit of the transfer factor varies in the range of [41.92, 136.9]. The internal rate of return of the energy storage power station is most sensitive to changes in the unit price of energy storage cost. In addition, when the unit price of energy storage cost drops by more than 40%, the internal rate of return of the energy storage power station is less than 8%, which is not economical.

[0274] Based on the above analysis, the changes in the unit cost of energy storage and the annual utilization rate of energy storage have the same impact on the adjustment factor and the internal rate of return. The three factors have a similar impact on the transmission factor. The impact of changes in electricity price differences on the internal rate of return is significantly smaller than that of the other two factors.

[0275] This application deeply explores the importance of energy storage systems in the modern electricity market and proposes a storage compensation price mechanism based on transfer factors. By analyzing the business model and profit model of energy storage, many challenges in the current market environment are identified. By systematically combing the design principles of the energy storage compensation mechanism, the goals of the compensation mechanism are clarified. Based on this, the transfer factor compensation mechanism proposed in this paper can reflect the compensation method of the benefit subject to the energy storage subject. In the case analysis, the mechanism showed good effectiveness and feasibility, which not only improved the economic benefits of the energy storage project, but also promoted the stability and efficiency of the power system. This provides a new solution for the commercial application of energy storage systems, and also provides strong theoretical support and practical reference for policymakers and industry participants to design and optimize the energy storage compensation mechanism. Future research can continue to explore how to optimize the energy storage compensation mechanism under different market environments and policy frameworks to cope with the changing energy market needs. Through continuous exploration and innovation, the energy storage industry will be able to play a more critical role in achieving the "dual carbon" goals and building a new power system.

[0276] Although the present invention is described herein with reference to specific embodiments, it should be understood that these embodiments are merely examples of the principles and applications of the present invention. It should therefore be understood that many modifications may be made to the exemplary embodiments and that other arrangements may be devised without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims. It should be understood that the various dependent claims and features described herein may be combined in a manner different from that described in the original claims. It should also be understood that features described in conjunction with individual embodiments may be used in other described embodiments.

Claims

1. A method for compensating the comprehensive value of energy storage based on transfer factors, characterized in that: It includes: According to the capacity cost of the energy storage power station and the income from participating in the electricity market, a storage cost compensation model based on the transfer factor is established to obtain the energy storage income objective function based on the transfer factor; According to the energy storage capacity rental fees of new energy stations and the energy storage capacity rental fees of power grid companies, the constraints of the energy storage cost compensation model based on the transfer factor are obtained.

2. The energy storage comprehensive value compensation method based on transfer factor according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The capacity cost of energy storage power stations specifically includes: The capacity cost of the energy storage power station is the initial investment, and the specific calculation formula is as follows: C inv =C P P+C E E; Among them, C inv represents the initial investment of the energy storage power station, P represents the rated power of the energy storage power station, C P represents the rated power cost of the energy storage power station, E represents the rated capacity of the energy storage power station, C E represents the rated capacity cost of the energy storage power station; The rated power cost of the energy storage power station includes the equipment cost of the energy storage inverter PCS and the transformer; The rated capacity cost of the energy storage power station includes the costs of the energy storage control and protection system, battery management system BMS, containers, cables, fire protection construction and civil construction.

3. The energy storage comprehensive value compensation method based on transfer factor according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The benefits of participating in the electricity market include the benefits of energy storage participating in the spot market, the benefits of energy storage participating in the peak-shaving ancillary service market, the benefits of energy storage participating in the frequency regulation ancillary service market and the net market benefits.

4. The energy storage comprehensive value compensation method based on transfer factor according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The benefits of energy storage participating in the spot market specifically include: C ch =p ch Eη ch ; C dis =p dis Eη dis ; C M =C om P; Among them, C ch represents the energy storage charging cost per time, p ch represents the charging price, η ch Represents the energy storage charging efficiency, C dis represents the benefit of each discharge, p dis represents the discharge price, η dis Represents the energy storage discharge efficiency, C M represents the annual operation and maintenance cost of the energy storage power station, C om represents the unit power operation and maintenance cost, C spot represents the annual net income of the energy storage power station participating in the spot market, i=1,2,…,N represents the annual charge and discharge times of the energy storage power station, represents the discharge benefit of the i-th charge and discharge, Represents the energy storage charging efficiency of the i-th charge and discharge.

5. The energy storage comprehensive value compensation method based on transfer factor according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The benefits of energy storage participating in the peak load ancillary service market include: In areas where the electricity spot market has not yet been developed, energy storage can obtain benefits by participating in the peak load ancillary service market. The specific calculation is as follows: Among them, C tf represents the annual net revenue of the energy storage power station auxiliary service market, It represents the unit compensation price of ancillary services that the energy storage power station can obtain.

6. The energy storage comprehensive value compensation method based on transfer factor according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The benefits of energy storage participating in the frequency regulation auxiliary service market specifically include: the frequency regulation benefits of energy storage power stations include frequency regulation capacity benefits and frequency regulation mileage benefits, and the specific calculation method is: Among them, C tp represents the annual frequency regulation income of the energy storage power station, m1 represents the annual number of successful bids for the energy storage power station, and m2 represents the annual frequency regulation operations of the energy storage power station. Indicates the winning capacity of the energy storage power station frequency regulation market, represents the capacity compensation price, α represents the availability rate, Indicates the frequency regulation mileage of the energy storage power station. represents the frequency modulation mileage clearing price, and K represents the comprehensive performance index of frequency modulation.

7. The energy storage comprehensive value compensation method based on transfer factor according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The net market income specifically includes: the net market income of energy storage power stations is the net income of the spot market or the net income of the peak load auxiliary service market, specifically: C market =C spot or C tf ; Among them, C market Represents the annual net income of energy storage power stations participating in the electricity market.

8. The energy storage comprehensive value compensation method based on transfer factor according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The specific methods for establishing a storage cost compensation model based on transfer factors and obtaining the storage benefit objective function based on transfer factors include: The capacity income of energy storage power stations and the capacity rental fees of new energy stations and power grid companies can be adjusted according to the transfer factor λ. The adjustment calculation is as follows: C a ′ nnu =C n ′ ew +C′ grid =C annu -λC market ; Among them, C annu represents the capacity benefit of the energy storage power station, C a ' nnu represents the capacity benefit of the energy storage power station after the transfer factor is introduced, C market represents the annual net income of energy storage power station participating in the electricity market, C new Represents the capacity rental fee of the new energy station, C n ' ew represents the adjusted capacity rental fee of the new energy station, C grid represents the capacity rental fee of the power grid company, C′ grid It represents the capacity rental fee of the power grid enterprise after adjustment; The value range of the transfer factor λ satisfies: λ∈[0,1]; When λ = 0, all the investment in energy storage power station capacity is channeled through capacity sales; When λ = 1, all electricity market revenue is used to offset capacity investment; After the transfer factor λ is introduced, the annual total revenue of the energy storage power station is C inc The calculation is as follows: C inc =C annu +(1-λ)C market ; After the transfer factor is introduced, the internal rate of return (IRR) of the energy storage power station is calculated as follows: Wherein, j = 1, 2, ..., n represents the design operating life of the energy storage power station; The internal rate of return (IRR) of the energy storage power station is directly related to the value of the transfer factor λ, and the value of the transfer factor λ is determined by the net income of the electricity market.

9. The energy storage comprehensive value compensation method based on transfer factor according to claim 8 is characterized in that: The specific rental fees for energy storage capacity of new energy stations include: For new energy power stations, the annual cost of self-built energy storage is calculated as follows: Among them, C n-annu represents the equivalent annual value of the energy storage of the new energy power station itself and the upper limit constraint of the cost of leasing energy storage capacity, C n-inv It represents the total initial investment in energy storage configuration for new energy power stations. C nM represents the annual operation and maintenance cost of the energy storage power station, C nb Energy storage reduces the cost of abandoned electricity from new energy sources, C ns It said that energy storage reduces the assessment costs of new energy power stations; The specific costs of renting energy storage capacity by the power grid enterprise described in S2 include: The cost of grid companies renting energy storage capacity C g-annu Equivalent to the replacement cost of power grid expansion and transformation C t and demand response capacity replacement fee C d The specific calculation is as follows: C g-annu =C t +C d ; Among them, the replacement cost of power grid expansion and transformation C t The calculation is based on the annual depreciation level of power grid investment, and the specific calculation is as follows: C t Zθ t p gt η ch P6 Among them, θ t represents the annual depreciation rate of fixed assets of power transmission and distribution equipment, p gt It indicates the unit cost of the transmission and distribution system; Demand response capacity replacement fee C d The calculation is based on the power grid demand response price quotation method, and the specific calculation is as follows: C d =θ ti i sp p d P; Among them, θ ti represents the control duration coefficient, θ sp represents the response speed coefficient, p d Represents the unit capacity response price.

10. The energy storage comprehensive value compensation method based on transfer factor according to claim 8 is characterized in that: The constraints include the power market profit level constraint, the energy storage capacity leasing fee constraint of new energy power stations, the energy storage capacity service fee constraint of power grid operators, the energy storage power station charging efficiency constraint, the energy storage power station discharging efficiency constraint and the energy storage power station charging and discharging cycle number constraint, specifically: s.t.C market >0 C new ≤C n-annu C grid ≤C g-annu the ch ≤η ch-l SOCIETY max the dis ≤η dis-l (1-SOC min ) Among them, η ch-l Indicates the charging loss of the energy storage power station, SOC max Indicates the upper limit of the state of charge of the energy storage station, η dis-l Indicates the energy storage discharge loss, SOC min Indicates the lower limit of the charge state of the energy storage station, N j Indicates the number of charge and discharge cycles of the energy storage power station, N ra Indicates the rated charge and discharge times of the energy storage power station.

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