Continuous water taking method suitable for large-water-level variable amplitude of sediment-laden reservoir

Abstract

The invention discloses a large-water-level variable-amplitude continuous water taking method suitable for a sediment-carrying reservoir, which is realized through a layered water taking device, the layered water taking device comprises lock chambers arranged in a layered manner, the lock chambers are sequentially provided with trash racks and water taking doors along the downstream direction, the rear side of each lock chamber is correspondingly provided with a valve chamber, and the valve chambers are arranged in a laminated manner from bottom to top; a water inlet pipe led out of the corresponding lock chamber is arranged in each valve chamber, an adjusting valve is arranged on each water inlet pipe, all the water inlet pipes are connected with a main pipe penetrating through the valve chambers, and the main pipe is connected with water diversion equipment; according to the height of the water level of the reservoir, the water taking door of the corresponding lock chamber is opened, and the regulating valve of the water inlet pipe matched with the lock chamber is opened, so that surface clear water in the lock chamber continuously enters the main pipe and the water diversion equipment, and the water taking operation is completed. The water taking flexibility is high, the water taking guarantee rate is high, the discharged water temperature can be effectively guaranteed, the water taking quality is effectively improved, and the water taking device is very suitable for water taking of a sediment-carrying reservoir.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy facilities, and in particular to a continuous water intake method suitable for large water level fluctuations in a reservoir with a lot of sediment. Background Art

[0002] Due to the poor fluidity of the bottom water of the reservoir, when there are many underwater humus plants and the water quality is poor, the bottom sediment is disturbed during the flood season, which can easily lead to turbid water. If the deposited suspended matter and sediment enter the water diversion pipe, it will directly affect the water quality; at the same time, the water temperature in the deep layer of the reservoir is larger than the water temperature in the original river channel, and the vertical water temperature of the reservoir is basically distributed in a decreasing layer. If water is only taken from the bottom, it will have an adverse effect on the downstream ecological environment such as agricultural irrigation and fish breeding. Therefore, the existing stratified water intake structure will be set up to improve the water quality of the water intake and reduce the adverse effects of the low-temperature water body on the downstream aquatic ecology and agricultural irrigation. For rivers with a lot of sediment, sedimentation will inevitably occur in the reservoir after the reservoir is formed. According to the conditions of water and sediment inflow, the use of the reservoir and other factors, it will take about several decades to reach the equilibrium state of reservoir sedimentation. During this process, the reservoir sedimentation elevation will gradually rise. The above-mentioned silt deposits will have an impact on the lower water intake. During the normal operation of the reservoir, the water level fluctuation is affected by the requirements of water and sediment regulation, flood prevention and flood season, and the water level fluctuation is large. Water supply projects, especially urban life and industrial water supply, require continuous water supply. Therefore, it is a huge challenge for the water intake to continuously draw water in a reservoir with large water level fluctuations and high silt. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a continuous water intake method suitable for large water level fluctuations in a sediment-rich reservoir, which can specifically adopt the following technical solutions: The continuous water intake method suitable for large water level fluctuations in sediment-rich reservoirs of the present invention is realized by a stratified water intake device. The stratified water intake device comprises sluice chambers arranged in layers, wherein the sluice chambers are provided with trash racks and water intake gates in sequence along the direction of water flow, and a valve chamber is provided correspondingly at the rear side of each sluice chamber, wherein the valve chambers are arranged in layers from bottom to top, and each valve chamber is provided with a water inlet pipe leading from the corresponding sluice chamber, wherein the water inlet pipes are respectively provided with regulating valves, and all the water inlet pipes are connected to a main pipe provided through the valve chamber, and the main pipe is connected to the water diversion equipment; The layered lock chambers are stacked from bottom to top, and the stacked lock chambers share a trash rack. Each lock chamber is provided with a corresponding water intake gate, and the water intake gates are arranged in sequence from deep to shallow along the direction of water flow; Alternatively, the layered lock chambers are arranged in parallel on the front side of the valve chamber, and each lock chamber is correspondingly provided with a trash rack and a water intake gate; Alternatively, the valve chamber is a cylindrical structure, the layered lock chambers are sequentially arranged around the outer side of the valve chamber, and each lock chamber is correspondingly provided with a trash rack and a water intake gate; The continuous water intake method includes: intercepting solid debris through a trash rack to prevent it from entering the lock chamber; opening the water intake door of the corresponding lock chamber according to the water level of the reservoir, opening the regulating valve of the water inlet pipe equipped with the lock chamber, so that the surface clean water in the lock chamber continuously enters the main pipe and water diversion equipment to complete the water intake operation.

[0004] Preferably, the lock chamber is divided into at least two layers, adopts a breast wall lock chamber structure, and adopts a flat bottom and wide top weir at the inlet.

[0005] Preferably, a trash cleaning grab is provided at the front side of the trash rack, and the water intake gate is a steel stacked beam gate with each section having a height of 2m.

[0006] Preferably, two lock chambers are arranged side by side in the same layer, and one water inlet pipe is arranged in each lock chamber or multiple water inlet pipes are arranged from bottom to top.

[0007] Preferably, the regulating valve adopts an electric eccentric hemispherical valve, and a vent inspection valve is provided on the connecting pipe between the main pipe and the water diversion equipment; a crane is provided in each valve chamber, and a lifting hole is opened on the top plate of the valve chamber.

[0008] The present invention provides a continuous water intake method suitable for large water level fluctuations in a reservoir with a lot of sediment. By setting up lock chambers with different elevations and arranging stacked beam gates at the entrance of the lock chambers, when a large amount of sediment is deposited in the reservoir area, the bottom stacked beam gate buried by the sediment is permanently closed without affecting the opening and closing of the upper section gate. Therefore, water intake is not affected by the sedimentation of the reservoir. When the water level of the reservoir increases or decreases, the number of sections of the stacked beam gate corresponding to the lock chamber is adjusted to continuously take surface clean water, that is, water intake is not affected by the change of the reservoir water level. When the stacked beam gate is in operation, the water intake height is adjusted by operating the gate machine, and the valve of the water intake pipe is automatically controlled, with flexible operation and scheduling, convenient maintenance, and smooth water intake under various operating conditions. The stratified water intake device adopted by the present invention has a simple structure, convenient construction, easy maintenance, strong water intake flexibility, high water intake success rate, can effectively guarantee the downstream water temperature, and effectively improve the water quality of the water intake. It is very suitable for water intake in a reservoir with a lot of sediment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0009] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of Example 1.

[0010] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 AA cross-section diagram.

[0011] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of Example 2.

[0012] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 BB direction view.

[0013] Figure 5 yes Figure 3 CC view.

[0014] Figure 6 yes Figure 3 DD direction view.

[0015] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of Example 3.

[0016] Figure 8 yes Figure 7 EE cross-section diagram. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The continuous water intake method suitable for large water level fluctuations in sediment-rich reservoirs of the present invention is realized by a stratified water intake device, wherein: The stratified water intake device comprises sluice chambers arranged in layers, wherein the sluice chambers are provided with trash racks and water intake gates in sequence along the direction of water flow, and a valve chamber is provided correspondingly at the rear side of each sluice chamber, wherein the valve chambers are arranged in layers from bottom to top, and each valve chamber is provided with a water inlet pipe leading from the corresponding sluice chamber, wherein the water inlet pipes are respectively provided with regulating valves, and all the water inlet pipes are connected to a main pipe provided through the valve chamber, and the main pipe is connected to the water diversion equipment; The layered lock chambers are stacked from bottom to top, and the stacked lock chambers share a trash rack. Each lock chamber is provided with a corresponding water intake gate, and the water intake gates are arranged in sequence from deep to shallow along the direction of water flow; Alternatively, the layered lock chambers are arranged in parallel on the front side of the valve chamber, and each lock chamber is correspondingly provided with a trash rack and a water intake gate; Alternatively, the valve chamber is a cylindrical structure, the layered lock chambers are sequentially arranged around the outer side of the valve chamber, and each lock chamber is correspondingly provided with a trash rack and a water intake gate.

[0018] The lock chamber is divided into at least two layers, and adopts a breast wall lock chamber structure, and a flat bottom wide top weir is adopted at the inlet. A garbage cleaning grab is arranged on the front side of the trash rack, and the water intake gate adopts a steel stacked beam gate with a height of 2m per section. Two lock chambers are arranged side by side in the same layer, and one water inlet pipe is arranged in each lock chamber or multiple water inlet pipes are arranged from bottom to top. The regulating valve adopts an electric eccentric hemispherical valve, and a venting inspection valve is arranged on the connecting pipe between the main pipe and the water diversion equipment; each valve chamber is equipped with a crane, and the top plate of the valve chamber is provided with a lifting hole.

[0019] The continuous water intake method includes: intercepting solid debris through a trash rack to prevent it from entering the lock chamber; opening the water intake door of the corresponding lock chamber according to the water level of the reservoir, opening the regulating valve of the water inlet pipe equipped with the lock chamber, so that the surface clean water in the lock chamber continuously enters the main pipe and water diversion equipment to complete the water intake operation.

[0020] The following is a detailed description of an embodiment of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. This embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation method and a specific working process are given, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiment.

[0021] Embodiment 1: like Figure 1 , 2 As shown, the lock chamber of the stratified water intake device is divided into three layers, including a bottom lock chamber 101, a middle lock chamber 102 and a high lock chamber 103. Each lock chamber is arranged in parallel with two, and the bottom lock chamber 101, the middle lock chamber 102 and the high lock chamber 103 on the same side are stacked from bottom to top. A water intake gate is set at the entrance of each lock chamber, including a bottom water intake gate 21, a middle water intake gate 22 and a high water intake gate 23. For the three lock chambers stacked on the same side, the water intake gates are arranged in sequence from deep to shallow along the direction of water flow, that is, the bottom water intake gate 21 is in front, the middle water intake gate 22 is in the middle, and the high water intake gate 23 is in the back. The bottoms of the three gradually rise from low, so they are arranged in a step-like manner along the water flow direction. The three lock chambers stacked on the same side share a trash rack 3, which is arranged in front of the bottom water intake gate 21. A trash cleaning grab 4 is also arranged in front of the trash rack 3.

[0022] A valve chamber is arranged behind each of the above-mentioned lock chambers, including two bottom valve chambers 51, two middle valve chambers 52 and two high-level valve chambers 53, and the bottom valve chambers 51, middle valve chambers 52 and high-level valve chambers 53 on the same side are stacked from bottom to top to form a group. A vertical mother pipe 8 is arranged through the valve chambers of the same group. In this embodiment, there are two groups of valve chambers and two mother pipes 8. In each valve chamber, an inlet pipe 6 leading from the corresponding lock chamber is installed, and each inlet pipe 6 is installed with a regulating valve 7, and all inlet pipes 6 of the same group are connected to the corresponding mother pipe 8, and each mother pipe 8 is connected to a water diversion device 9.

[0023] In this embodiment, the lock chamber adopts a breast wall lock chamber structure, and a flat bottom wide top weir is adopted at the inlet. Its specific size should be determined according to the design flow and characteristic water level, and the elevation of the top of the lock chamber should not be lower than the maximum value of the sum of the design, verification and operation conditions of the water retaining level plus the wave, Yonglang calculated height and the corresponding safety heightening value. The water intake gate adopts a steel stacked beam gate with a height of 2m per section. In order to increase the reliability of water intake, multiple water inlet pipes 6 can be arranged from top to bottom in each valve chamber. In order to prevent the front edge of the water inlet of the water inlet pipe 6 from generating a through funnel vortex and ensure the pressurized state of the water flow at the water inlet, the inlet of the water inlet pipe 6 under the characteristic water level of the reservoir should meet the minimum submergence depth required by the specification. In addition, a concrete wrapping layer is arranged on the outside of the bend of the water inlet pipe 6. The regulating valve 7 adopts an electric eccentric hemispherical valve. A venting inspection valve 10 is arranged on the connecting pipe between the main pipe 8 and the water diversion equipment 9 to prevent the main pipe 8 from silting up. Each valve chamber is equipped with a crane 11, and the top plate of the valve chamber is provided with a lifting hole 12. When the valve is inspected, the crane 11 first horizontally lifts the inspection valve to the middle lifting hole 12 and then vertically lifts it to the top inspection platform for inspection. The trash rack 3, the garbage grab 4, and the stop beam door are all opened and closed by the two-way gantry crane 13. The lifted stop beam door can be placed in the door warehouse 14 next to the top stop beam door.

[0024] When taking in water, firstly, the debris is grabbed by the garbage grab 4 and the solid debris is intercepted by the trash rack 3 to prevent it from entering the lock chamber; then, according to the water level of the reservoir, the water intake gate of the corresponding lock chamber is opened, and the number of sections of the water intake stacked beam gate is adjusted according to the water level to ensure that the surface clean water can be continuously taken in, and then the regulating valve 7 of the water inlet pipe 6 matched with the lock chamber is opened to allow the surface clean water in the lock chamber to continuously enter the main pipe and the water diversion equipment to complete the water intake operation.

[0025] In this embodiment, the lock chamber is layered and the water intake gate is stepped, which can effectively reduce the sediment accumulation in the water intake lock chamber on the basis of fully saving the project cost. The above device has a high water intake guarantee rate, can effectively guarantee the downstream water temperature, effectively improve the water quality of the water intake, and flexibly adapt to the water level changes and various situations of sediment accumulation in the reservoir with a lot of sediment.

[0026] Embodiment 2: like Figure 3-6 As shown, the lock chambers of the stratified water intake device are arranged in parallel and in a row, including a bottom lock chamber 101 located in the middle and a middle lock chamber 102 and a high lock chamber 103 located on both sides thereof. There are two bottom lock chambers 101, middle lock chambers 102 and high lock chambers 103. A water intake gate is arranged at the entrance of each lock chamber, namely, two bottom water intake gates 21, two middle water intake gates 22 and two high water intake gates 23. A trash rack 3 is arranged in front of each water intake gate, and a trash cleaning grab 4 is arranged in front of each trash rack 3.

[0027] The rear side of the lock chamber is a bottom valve chamber 51, a middle valve chamber 52 and a high valve chamber 53 which are stacked from bottom to top. Two vertical mother pipes 8 are arranged through the valve chamber. The bottom valve chamber 51 is installed with a water inlet pipe 6 led from two bottom lock chambers 101. Similarly, the middle valve chamber 52 is installed with a water inlet pipe 6 led from two middle lock chambers 102, and the high valve chamber 53 is installed with a water inlet pipe 6 led from two high lock chambers 103. The water inlet pipes 6 are divided into two groups, each group includes three water inlet pipes 6 led from the bottom valve chamber 51, the middle valve chamber 52 and the high valve chamber 53, and each group of water inlet pipes 6 is connected to a mother pipe 8 respectively. A regulating valve 7 is installed on each water inlet pipe 6, and each mother pipe 8 is connected to a water diversion device 9.

[0028] In this embodiment, the lock chamber adopts a breast wall lock chamber structure, and a flat bottom wide top weir is adopted at the inlet. Its specific size should be determined according to the design flow and characteristic water level, and the elevation of the top of the lock chamber should not be lower than the maximum value of the sum of the design, verification and operation conditions of the water retaining level plus the wave, Yonglang calculated height and the corresponding safety heightening value. The water intake gate adopts a steel stacked beam gate with a height of 2m per section. In order to increase the reliability of water intake, multiple water inlet pipes 6 can be arranged from top to bottom in each valve chamber. In order to prevent the front edge of the water inlet of the water inlet pipe 6 from generating a through funnel vortex and ensure the pressurized state of the water flow at the water inlet, the inlet of the water inlet pipe 6 under the characteristic water level of the reservoir should meet the minimum submergence depth required by the specification. In addition, a concrete wrapping layer is arranged on the outside of the bend of the water inlet pipe 6. The regulating valve 7 adopts an electric eccentric hemispherical valve. A venting inspection valve 10 is arranged on the connecting pipe between the main pipe 8 and the water diversion equipment 9 to prevent the main pipe 8 from silting up. Each valve chamber is equipped with a crane 11, and the top plate of the valve chamber is provided with a lifting hole 12. When the valve is inspected, the crane 11 first horizontally lifts the inspection valve to the middle lifting hole 12 and then vertically lifts it to the top inspection platform for inspection. The trash rack 3, the garbage grab 4, and the stop beam door are all opened and closed by the two-way gantry crane 13. The lifted stop beam door can be placed in the door warehouse beside the top stop beam door.

[0029] When taking in water, firstly, the debris is grabbed by the garbage grab 4 and the solid debris is intercepted by the trash rack 3 to prevent it from entering the lock chamber; then, according to the water level of the reservoir, the water intake gate of the corresponding lock chamber is opened, and the number of sections of the water intake stacked beam gate is adjusted according to the water level to ensure that the surface clean water can be continuously taken in, and then the regulating valve 7 of the water inlet pipe 6 matched with the lock chamber is opened to allow the surface clean water in the lock chamber to continuously enter the main pipe and the water diversion equipment to complete the water intake operation.

[0030] The lock chambers described in this embodiment are arranged in parallel and in a row, which is suitable for independent water intake structures arranged along the bank slope in large reservoirs or wide rivers, especially for situations where the bank slope is steep and the rocks are solid and stable. The above lock chamber layout method can reduce the depth of the water intake structure, which can not only avoid the adverse effect of too much penetration into the water surface on the flow state, but also avoid the excavation of high slopes on the reservoir bank (river bank), making the later management and maintenance more convenient. In addition, the layout close to the reservoir bank is less affected by wind, waves, ice and earthquakes, and has better stability.

[0031] Embodiment 3: like Figure 7 , 8 As shown, the valve chamber of the stratified water intake device is a cylindrical structure, and a bottom valve chamber 51, a middle valve chamber 52 and a high-level valve chamber 53 are stacked from bottom to top. The lock chambers are evenly arranged around the outer side of the valve chamber, including two bottom lock chambers 101, two middle lock chambers 102 and two high-level lock chambers 103. A water intake gate is arranged at the entrance of each lock chamber, including two bottom water intake gates 21, two middle water intake gates 22 and two high-level water intake gates 23. A trash rack 3 is arranged in front of each water intake gate, and a trash cleaning grab 4 is arranged in front of each trash rack 3. A vertical mother pipe 8 is arranged through the center of the bottom valve chamber 51, the middle valve chamber 52 and the high-level valve chamber 53. The valve chamber is equipped with a water inlet pipe 6 leading from each lock chamber, and each water inlet pipe 6 is equipped with a regulating valve 7. All water inlet pipes 6 are connected to the mother pipe 8, and the mother pipe 8 is connected to the water diversion equipment 9.

[0032] In this embodiment, the lock chamber adopts a breast wall lock chamber structure, and a flat bottom wide top weir is adopted at the inlet. Its specific size should be determined according to the design flow and characteristic water level, and the elevation of the top of the lock chamber should not be lower than the maximum value of the sum of the design, verification and operation conditions of the water retaining level plus the wave, Yonglang calculated height and the corresponding safety heightening value. The water intake gate adopts a steel stacked beam gate with a height of 2m per section. In order to increase the reliability of water intake, multiple water inlet pipes 6 can be arranged from top to bottom in each valve chamber. In order to prevent the front edge of the water inlet of the water inlet pipe 6 from generating a through funnel vortex and ensure the pressurized state of the water flow at the water inlet, the inlet of the water inlet pipe 6 under the characteristic water level of the reservoir should meet the minimum submergence depth required by the specification. In addition, a concrete wrapping layer is arranged on the outside of the bend of the water inlet pipe 6. The regulating valve 7 adopts an electric eccentric hemispherical valve. A venting inspection valve 10 is arranged on the connecting pipe between the main pipe 8 and the water diversion equipment 9 to prevent the main pipe 8 from silting up. Each valve chamber is equipped with a crane 11, and the top plate of the valve chamber is provided with a lifting hole 12. When the valve is inspected, the crane 11 first horizontally lifts the inspection valve to the middle lifting hole 12 and then vertically lifts it to the top inspection platform for inspection. The trash rack 3, the garbage grab 4, and the stop beam door are all opened and closed by the two-way gantry crane 13. The lifted stop beam door can be placed in the door warehouse 14 next to the top stop beam door.

[0033] When taking in water, firstly, the debris is grabbed by the garbage grab 4 and the solid debris is intercepted by the trash rack 3 to prevent it from entering the lock chamber; then, according to the water level of the reservoir, the water intake gate of the corresponding lock chamber is opened, and the number of sections of the water intake stacked beam gate is adjusted according to the water level to ensure that the surface clean water can be continuously taken in, and then the regulating valve 7 of the water inlet pipe 6 matched with the lock chamber is opened to allow the surface clean water in the lock chamber to continuously enter the main pipe and the water diversion equipment to complete the water intake operation.

[0034] The valve chamber described in this embodiment is a cylindrical structure, and the gate chamber is distributed around the valve chamber. It is suitable for an independent water intake structure set up in the center of a wide river. It is easy to construct and use, can effectively reduce the sedimentation in the water intake gate chamber section, ensure a high water intake success rate, effectively guarantee the downstream water temperature, effectively improve the water quality of the water intake, and flexibly adapt to the water level changes and sedimentation of the reservoir with a lot of sediment.

[0035] It should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, terms indicating orientation or positional relationships, such as "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", etc., are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

Claims

1. A continuous water intake method suitable for large water level fluctuations in a sediment-rich reservoir, implemented by a stratified water intake device, characterized in that: The stratified water intake device comprises sluice chambers arranged in layers, wherein the sluice chambers are provided with trash racks and water intake gates in sequence along the direction of water flow, and a valve chamber is provided correspondingly at the rear side of each sluice chamber, wherein the valve chambers are arranged in layers from bottom to top, and each valve chamber is provided with a water inlet pipe leading from the corresponding sluice chamber, wherein the water inlet pipes are respectively provided with regulating valves, and all the water inlet pipes are connected to a main pipe provided through the valve chamber, and the main pipe is connected to the water diversion equipment; The layered lock chambers are stacked from bottom to top, and the stacked lock chambers share a trash rack. Each lock chamber is provided with a corresponding water intake gate, and the water intake gates are arranged in sequence from deep to shallow along the direction of water flow; Alternatively, the layered lock chambers are arranged in parallel on the front side of the valve chamber, and each lock chamber is correspondingly provided with a trash rack and a water intake gate; Alternatively, the valve chamber is a cylindrical structure, the layered lock chambers are sequentially arranged around the outer side of the valve chamber, and each lock chamber is correspondingly provided with a trash rack and a water intake gate; The continuous water intake method includes: intercepting solid debris through a trash rack to prevent it from entering the lock chamber; opening the water intake door of the corresponding lock chamber according to the water level of the reservoir, opening the regulating valve of the water inlet pipe equipped with the lock chamber, so that the surface clean water in the lock chamber continuously enters the main pipe and water diversion equipment to complete the water intake operation.

2. The continuous water intake method suitable for large water level fluctuations in sediment-rich reservoirs according to claim 1 is characterized by: The lock chamber is divided into at least two layers, adopts a breast wall lock chamber structure, and adopts a flat bottom and wide top weir at the inlet.

3. The continuous water intake method suitable for large water level fluctuations in sediment-rich reservoirs according to claim 1 is characterized by: A trash cleaning grab is provided at the front side of the trash rack, and the water intake gate is a steel stacked beam gate with each section having a height of 2m.

4. The continuous water intake method suitable for large water level fluctuations in sediment-rich reservoirs according to claim 1 is characterized by: Two lock chambers are arranged in parallel in the same layer, and one water inlet pipe is arranged in each lock chamber or multiple water inlet pipes are arranged from bottom to top.

5. The continuous water intake method suitable for large water level fluctuations in sediment-rich reservoirs according to claim 1 is characterized by: The regulating valve adopts an electric eccentric hemispherical valve, and a venting inspection valve is arranged on the connecting pipe between the main pipe and the water diversion equipment; a crane is arranged in each valve chamber, and a lifting hole is opened on the top plate of the valve chamber.

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