Novel safe and efficient groove broaching method for medium-length hole

Abstract

The novel safe and efficient groove broaching method for the medium-length hole comprises the steps that only a small-section rock drilling roadway is tunneled, and the upper portion of the rock drilling roadway is divided into one or more blasting groove broaching areas; datum points are arranged at the two ends of the blasting groove broaching area, a plurality of rows of inclined upper blast holes are drilled in each datum point, a plurality of blast hole rows drilled in the two datum points are distributed at intervals in the axial direction of the blasting groove broaching area, the distribution form of the plurality of blast hole rows drilled in the two datum points is a plurality of overlapped upright splayed shapes, blast holes in each blast hole row are distributed in a fan shape, and the fan shape is diverged upwards; and after the rock drilling roadway roof area is detonated, the two sides of the blasting broaching groove area are detonated, and more free faces are provided for the two sides of the blasting broaching groove area. Compared with the prior art, the mining method has the beneficial effects that the mining preparation work amount is greatly reduced, operators are reduced, safety and reliability are achieved, medium-length hole caving is achieved, and mining is efficiently completed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of mining, and in particular to a novel safe and efficient groove drawing method for medium-deep holes. Background Art

[0002] The slotting of medium-deep holes is a key step in the recovery of medium-deep hole mining. Safe and efficient slotting blasting plays a vital role in the recovery of medium-deep hole mining. At present, the slotting space is generally formed by cutting lanes combined with cutting wells for the slotting of medium-deep holes: the cutting lane is rolled out by a mining machine between the transportation lane and the return air lane; multiple cutting wells are rolled upward from the top of the cutting lane, and blast holes are drilled around the walls of the cutting wells; therefore, in this slotting method, the amount of preliminary mining and approval work is large, the exposed area of ​​the roof is large, the safety risk is high, the support cost is high, and the number of blast holes is large.

[0003] In view of the application of rock drilling rigs, the cross-section of the rock drilling tunnel is still very large. For the two-step pillar mining area, the mining area with developed structure and broken rock structure, or the mining area with unstable surrounding rock in the broken zone, the exposed area of ​​the roof is directly related to the safety of the mining area support rock drilling and blasting working environment. In some mining areas, the roof is broken and it is even impossible to construct cutting well blasting holes in the plumb direction.

[0004] Therefore, how to ensure efficient non-pit slot blasting in small-section rock drilling tunnels has become a new research direction. Therefore, a new type of safe and efficient slotting method for medium and deep holes was studied. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems mentioned above, and to provide a new safe and efficient grooving method for medium and deep holes, so as to solve the problems of the grooving technology without a ceiling in unstable mining areas described in the background technology, such as immature technology, high safety risks, and a large number of blast holes.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0007] A new safe and efficient grooving method for medium and deep holes, including

[0008] Step a, excavating the rock drilling tunnel from the mine transport tunnel and / or the return air tunnel, with the anchor net support following the excavation face until the mine transport tunnel and the return air tunnel are connected, the roof and side walls in the connected area are not supported, and the ore rock structure is statistically analyzed during the construction;

[0009] Step b, dividing the area to be broken in the stope into one or more blasting slotting areas along the axial direction of the rock drilling tunnel;

[0010] Step c, the two ends of the blasting groove area are reference points, and multiple rows of oblique upward blast holes are drilled at each reference point. The multiple blast hole rows drilled by the two reference points are distributed along the axial direction of the blasting groove area at intervals. The distribution form of the multiple blast hole rows drilled by the two reference points presents a plurality of overlapping upright eight-shaped shapes, and the blast holes of each blast hole row are distributed in a fan shape, and the fan shape diverges upward;

[0011] Step d, for the multiple blasthole rows, the rock drilling tunnel is used as the free surface and compensation space, the delayed detonation time of the explosive charge is inversely correlated with its distance from the free surface of the rock drilling tunnel, and after the detonation of the top plate area of ​​the rock drilling tunnel, the two sides of the blasting groove area are detonated to provide more free surfaces for the two sides of the blasting groove area.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present application include: only small-section rock drilling tunnels are excavated, which greatly reduces the amount of mining engineering, reduces mechanical noise and exhaust gas, reduces the number of operators, is safe and reliable, and quickly and efficiently completes mining by caving medium and deep holes; the mining site is blasted area by area, and the arrangement of the blasthole rows in each area presents a plurality of spaced and stacked upright figure eight shapes, which improves the caving effect and reduces the blasting crushing depletion; all blastholes are arranged in an orderly manner vertically and horizontally, which is convenient for breaking the ore boundaries and removing the interbedded rocks.

[0013] As an improvement of the above technical solution, for the mining of the side ore body in the blasting grooving area, the blast holes are controlled by a "YT-28 drilling rig".

[0014] As an improvement of the above technical solution, each of the blast holes is continuously coupled with charge throughout the hole depth, and a detonating cord is laid throughout the hole depth.

[0015] As an improvement of the above technical solution, each of the blast holes is charged with uncoupled charges at intervals, the bottom of each blast hole is filled with gun mud, and the charges of adjacent blast holes are staggered.

[0016] As an improvement on the above technical solution, the charge loader is suitable for pushing the medicine bag into the blast hole through a petal-shaped closing plate, at least one petal piece on the upper side of the petal-shaped closing plate is provided with a filling hole, and the charge loader fills gun mud into the upper end and the surrounding side of the medicine bag through the filling hole, and the charge loader is suitable for sealing the blocking block into the filling hole; in each of the blast holes, the medicine bag is supported in a one-to-one manner by the petal-shaped closing plate, the petal-shaped closing plate stops the inner wall of the blast hole through at least two petals thereof, and the cracks between the petals of the petal-shaped closing plate are suitable for transmitting blasting energy.

[0017] As an improvement of the above technical solution, each of the blast holes is divided into an upper section and a lower section, the bottom of the hole is located in the upper section, the upper section is suitable for arranging one or more spherical medicine packages, and the lower section is suitable for arranging columnar medicine packages.

[0018] As an improvement of the above technical solution, a guide hole row is arranged between two adjacent blast hole rows, and the blast hole row and its adjacent guide hole row are staggered in drilling distribution. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] The specific embodiments of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a top view after a rock drilling tunnel is excavated in a stope according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram showing a top-down view of a stope after some blastholes have been drilled;

[0022] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A partial enlarged diagram of the stope is shown;

[0023] Figure 4 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram showing a side view of the stope;

[0024] Figure 5 for Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of the blasting slotting area of ​​the stope is shown;

[0025] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of two adjacent blast holes with uncoupled charges in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of charging a blast hole according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] The accompanying drawings are only one specific embodiment of the present invention, and the form and structure of this specific embodiment should not limit the expansion of other embodiments.

[0028] Gun hole 100 , medicine bag 200 , petal-shaped closing plate 300 , petal piece 310 . DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] Reference Figures 1 to 5 The present invention provides a novel safe and efficient grooving method for medium-long holes, comprising:

[0031] Step a, using a small tunnel rock drilling rig to excavate a small-section rock drilling tunnel from the mine transport tunnel and / or return air tunnel, with anchor net support following the excavation face until the mine transport tunnel and return air tunnel are connected, that is, the blasting area is connected, and no support is provided for the roof and side walls in the connected area, and the ore rock structure is statistically analyzed during the construction;

[0032] According to geological data and statistical analysis of ore rock structure during the construction of rock drilling tunnels in the mining area, there are areas with unstable roof structures such as broken zones and structural development in the rock drilling tunnels. The unstable roof structure areas of the rock drilling tunnels are classified as the mining area.

[0033] Step b, along the axial direction of the rock drilling tunnel (the axial direction of the stope), dividing the stope area to be broken into one or more blasting groove areas;

[0034] Step c, the two ends of the blasting groove area are reference points, and multiple rows of oblique upward blast holes 100 are drilled at each reference point. The multiple blast hole rows drilled by the two reference points are distributed along the axial direction of the blasting groove area at intervals. The distribution form of the multiple blast hole rows drilled by the two reference points presents a plurality of overlapping upright eight-shaped shapes, and the blast holes 100 of each blast hole row are distributed in a fan shape, and the fan shape diverges upward;

[0035] Step d, for the multiple blasthole rows, the rock drilling tunnel is used as the free surface and compensation space, the delayed detonation time of the explosive package 200 is inversely correlated with its distance from the free surface of the rock drilling tunnel, and after the detonation of the top plate area of ​​the rock drilling tunnel, the two sides of the blasting groove area are detonated to provide more free surfaces for the two sides of the blasting groove area.

[0036] The height of the drilling tunnel is less than the height of the collapse to be blasted, that is, the medium-deep hole grooving; when excavating the drilling tunnel, it presents a small cross-section.

[0037] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present application include: only small-section rock drilling tunnels are excavated, which greatly reduces the amount of mining engineering, reduces mechanical noise and exhaust gas, reduces the number of operators, is safe and reliable, and quickly and efficiently completes mining by caving medium and deep holes; the mining site is blasted area by area, and the arrangement of the blasthole rows in each area is a plurality of spaced and stacked upright figure eight shapes, which improves the caving effect and reduces the blasting crushing depletion; all blastholes 100 are arranged in an orderly manner vertically and horizontally, which is convenient for breaking the ore boundaries and removing the interbedded rocks.

[0038] In some embodiments of the present invention, for the recovery of the side ore body in the blasting groove area, the blast hole 100 is controlled by a "YT-28 drilling rig".

[0039] In the present invention, each blast hole 100 is an upward blast hole 100, and the powder bag 200 and the gun mud have a certain dead weight. The uncoupled interval filling of the upward blast hole 100 has become an industry problem. In some embodiments of the present invention, each blast hole 100 is a full-hole-depth continuous coupled charging, and the detonating cord is laid throughout the hole depth, that is, the blast hole 100 is only filled with the powder bag 200, and the surrounding wall of the series of powder bags 200 is directly against the inner wall of the blast hole 100, thereby reducing the difficulty of filling the blast hole 100.

[0040] Reference Figure 6In some embodiments of the present invention, each blasthole 100 is spaced and uncoupled with charges, and the bottom of each blasthole 100 is filled with gun mud to effectively control the boundary of the ore body. The charge bags 200 of adjacent blastholes 100 are staggered to ensure caving mining, while reducing the overall number of charge bags 200 used and reducing the loss of ore crushing and depletion.

[0041] Reference Figure 7 In order to solve the industry problem of discontinuous uncoupled charging in the upward hole, the charge loader is suitable for pushing the medicine bag 200 into the blast hole 100 through the petal-shaped closing plate 300. The blast hole 100 is an inclined hole. The central piece of the petal-shaped closing plate 300 is actually in an inclined state. At least one petal piece 310 on the upper side of the petal-shaped closing plate 300 is provided with a filling hole. The charge loader fills gun mud into the upper end and the surrounding side of the medicine bag 200 through the filling hole. The charge loader is suitable for sealing the blocking block into the filling hole; in each blast hole 100, the medicine bag 200 is supported in a one-to-one correspondence manner by the petal-shaped closing plate 300. The petal-shaped closing plate 300 stops the inner wall of the blast hole 100 through its at least two petal pieces 310. The petal pieces 310 of the petal-shaped closing plate 300 exert a spine effect, making it difficult for the petal-shaped closing plate 300 and the medicine bag 200 to fall back, and the cracks between the petal pieces 310 of the petal-shaped closing plate 300 are suitable for blasting energy transmission.

[0042] Reference Figure 6 In some embodiments of the present invention, each blast hole 100 is divided into an upper section and a lower section, the bottom of the hole is located in the upper section, the upper section is suitable for arranging one or more spherical medicine packages 200, and the lower section is suitable for arranging columnar medicine packages 200. In the present invention, each blast hole 100 is an inclined hole, and the medicine package 200 at the bottom of each blast hole 100 exerts a greater upward blasting, so that the grooving area collapses fully.

[0043] In some embodiments of the present invention, a guide hole row is set between two adjacent blast hole rows, and the blast hole row and its adjacent guide hole row are staggered in drilling, so as to ensure blasting collapse and reduce the blasting crushing depletion rate. For the guide hole, it can be understood that when the blasting energy is transmitted to the guide hole, the stones around the guide hole are easy to split, so as to ensure blasting collapse and reduce crushing.

[0044] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Any modification or equivalent substitution that does not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention shall be included in the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A new type of safe and efficient grooving method for medium and deep holes, characterized in that: include: Step a, excavating the rock drilling tunnel from the mine transport tunnel and / or the return air tunnel, with the anchor net support following the excavation face until the mine transport tunnel and the return air tunnel are connected, the roof and side walls in the connected area are not supported, and the ore rock structure is statistically analyzed during the construction; Step b, dividing the area to be broken in the stope into one or more blasting groove areas along the axial direction of the rock drilling tunnel; Step c, two ends of the blasting groove area are reference points, and each reference point is drilled with multiple rows of oblique upward blast holes (100), the multiple blast hole rows drilled by the two reference points are distributed along the axial direction of the blasting groove area at intervals, and the distribution form of the multiple blast hole rows drilled by the two reference points presents a plurality of overlapping upright eight-shaped shapes, and the blast holes (100) of each blast hole row are distributed in a fan shape, and the fan shape diverges upward; Step d, for the multiple blasthole rows, the rock drilling tunnel is used as the free surface and compensation space, the delayed detonation time of the explosive pack (200) is inversely correlated with its distance from the free surface of the rock drilling tunnel, and after the top plate area of ​​the rock drilling tunnel is detonated, the two sides of the blasting groove area are detonated to provide more free surfaces for the two sides of the blasting groove area.

2. The novel safe and efficient groove drawing method for medium-long holes according to claim 1 is characterized in that: For the mining of the side ore body in the blasting groove area, the blast hole (100) is controlled by a "YT-28 drilling rig".

3. The novel safe and efficient groove drawing method for medium-long holes according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Each blast hole (100) is continuously coupled with explosives throughout the entire hole depth, and a detonating cord is laid throughout the entire hole depth.

4. The novel safe and efficient groove drawing method for medium-long holes according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Each of the blast holes (100) is charged with uncoupled charges at intervals, the bottom of each blast hole (100) is filled with gun mud, and the powder bags (200) of adjacent blast holes (100) are staggered.

5. The novel safe and efficient medium-deep hole grooving method according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The charge loader is suitable for pushing the medicine bag (200) into the blast hole (100) through the petal-shaped closing plate (300); at least one petal piece (310) on the upper side of the petal-shaped closing plate (300) is provided with a filling hole; the charge loader fills gun mud into the upper end and the surrounding side of the medicine bag (200) through the filling hole; the charge loader is suitable for sealing the blocking block into the filling hole; in each of the blast holes (100), the medicine bag (200) is supported in a one-to-one correspondence manner through the petal-shaped closing plate (300); the petal-shaped closing plate (300) stops the inner wall of the blast hole (100) through its at least two petal pieces (310); and the cracks between the petal pieces (310) of the petal-shaped closing plate (300) are suitable for transmitting blasting energy.

6. The novel safe and efficient groove drawing method for medium-deep holes according to claim 5 is characterized in that: Each blast hole (100) is divided into an upper section and a lower section. The bottom of the hole is located in the upper section. The upper section is suitable for arranging one or more spherical medicine bags (200), and the lower section is suitable for arranging columnar medicine bags (200).

7. The novel safe and efficient groove drawing method for medium-deep holes according to claim 5 is characterized in that: A guide hole row is arranged between two adjacent blast hole rows, and the blast hole row and its adjacent guide hole row are staggered in drilling distribution.

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