Shipping center evaluation method in specific scene

Abstract

The invention is suitable for the technical field of shipping, and provides a shipping center evaluation method in a specific scene, which comprises the following steps: determining shipping-related evaluation indexes and carrying out de-dimensionalization processing, the evaluation indexes comprising a plurality of first-level indexes, second-level indexes and third-level indexes; according to a preset judgment matrix, the relative importance degree of the second-level indexes and the third-level indexes is calculated through an analytic hierarchy process, and the weights of the second-level indexes and the third-level indexes are obtained; determining a fuzzy evaluation matrix of each level of index; performing fuzzy matrix composite operation based on the fuzzy evaluation matrix to obtain a fuzzy evaluation matrix of the first-level index; and evaluating the shipping center, and outputting an evaluation result. According to the invention, evaluation is carried out from four aspects of a comprehensive transportation hub, a sea-land service network, a shipping industry cluster and a strategic support effect, so that a decision basis is provided for an industry competent department to make related plans, and support is provided for local governments and enterprises to objectively see development characteristics and competitiveness of each shipping center and make related strategic plans.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of shipping technology and provides a shipping center evaluation method under a specific scenario. Background Art

[0002] International shipping centers are key nodes and service centers for global trade and economy. Most of them are global (regional) financial centers, trade centers, and economic centers. They participate in global competition through comprehensive interconnection of transportation, economy, and finance. Since 1995, China has actively promoted the construction of international shipping centers in Shanghai, Dalian, Tianjin, Xiamen, Chongqing, Wuhan, etc. At the same time, Hong Kong has an international status, and cities such as Ningbo Zhoushan, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, and Qingdao are also accelerating their layout.

[0003] The connotation of a shipping center is a city with a comprehensive transportation hub, a complete logistics network, and relatively concentrated service functions such as trade, finance, information, law, and industry supporting services that are continuously extended along the industrial chain, that is, the concept of "transportation hub + logistics network + comprehensive service center". Among them, the comprehensive transportation hub refers to a comprehensive three-dimensional transportation hub that coordinates land and sea under the new pattern of "dual circulation", including international container trunk ports, bulk cargo transit ports, and hub-type international airports. The sea-land service network refers to the two-way sea-land logistics network that supports my country's modern economic system, including "hard and soft networks", namely the logistics infrastructure network and the logistics function service network. The comprehensive service center refers to a comprehensive service center with functions such as trade, finance, law, and information that are continuously extended along the industrial chain. That is, the construction of a shipping center is not limited to the transportation field, but an industrial cluster formed by the integration and development of transportation and the above fields. Unlike the "London model" with weakened transportation functions, my country's shipping center shoulders an important mission, and the construction of hub ports is the foundation of development. Compared with the "Singapore model" that mainly serves the sea-bound hinterland, my country's shipping centers mainly serve the land-bound hinterland, and the two-way logistics service network of sea and land is the focus of development. Each shipping center should develop distinctive shipping service functions according to the development stage and urban conditions of its hinterland, and avoid pursuing a "big and complete" model.

[0004] International shipping center is a concept that is developing dynamically and evolving, and its connotation and functions have been advancing with the times. Most of the internationally recognized shipping centers have unique development histories. They are all based on the national conditions of each country and the stage of economic development of the hinterland, and have built and continuously extended their service chains, forming development models with their own characteristics. These experiences can be used as reference, but they are difficult to copy. Therefore, while maintaining traditional transportation functions, it is a challenge to expand value-added services and improve competitiveness, and avoid simply copying the experience of other countries. To this end, in view of the problem of shipping center evaluation under specific scenarios in the field of shipping technology (strategic mission orientation of shipping centers in specific regions), the present invention proposes a shipping center evaluation method. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a shipping center evaluation method in a specific scenario, aiming to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A shipping center evaluation method in a specific scenario includes the following steps:

[0008] For the evaluation problem of shipping centers in specific scenarios, multiple evaluation indicators related to shipping are determined, wherein the evaluation indicators include multiple primary indicators, multiple secondary indicators corresponding to the primary indicators, and multiple tertiary indicators corresponding to the secondary indicators;

[0009] The first-level indicators include A1 comprehensive transportation hub, A2 sea and land service network, A3 shipping industry cluster and A4 strategic support effect.

[0010] Furthermore, the A1 comprehensive transportation hub index corresponds to 7 secondary indicators, and the 7 secondary indicators correspond to 14 tertiary indicators in total; the 7 secondary indicators are B1 hub scale, B2 facility efficiency, B3 intermodal transport level, B4 port clearance level, B5 green port, B6 smart port and B7 safe port, and the tertiary indicators corresponding to the B1 hub scale index are C1 port throughput and C2 container throughput; the tertiary indicators corresponding to the B2 facility efficiency index are C3 average container ship time efficiency, C4 container ship stop time at the port and C5 container ship direct call rate; The third-level indicators corresponding to the B3 intermodal transport level indicator are C6 container sea-rail intermodal transport ratio, C7 container water-to-water transshipment ratio and C8 container international transshipment ratio; the third-level indicators corresponding to the B4 port clearance level indicator are C9 cross-border trade port timeliness and C10 cross-border trade port cost; the third-level indicators corresponding to the B5 green port indicator are C11 container unit terminal shoreline throughput and C12 green port rating; the third-level indicator corresponding to the B6 smart port indicator is C13 automated terminal construction level; the third-level indicator corresponding to the B7 safe port indicator is C14 maritime search and rescue success rate.

[0011] Furthermore, the A2 sea-land service network indicator corresponds to 3 secondary indicators, and the 3 secondary indicators correspond to 6 tertiary indicators in total; the 3 secondary indicators are B8 international shipping connectivity, B9 inland hinterland connectivity and B10 professional logistics services; the tertiary indicator corresponding to the B8 international shipping connectivity indicator is the C15 liner shipping connectivity index LSCI; the tertiary indicator corresponding to the B9 inland hinterland connectivity indicator is C16 inland port layout and the connectivity between the port and the main skeleton of the comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network; the tertiary indicators corresponding to the B10 professional logistics service indicator are C17 the proportion of total logistics costs to GDP, C18 the number of national backbone cold chain logistics bases, C19 the level of automobile logistics development and C20 the city development index of China's cross-border e-commerce comprehensive pilot zone.

[0012] Furthermore, the A3 shipping industry cluster index corresponds to 3 secondary indicators, and the 3 secondary indicators correspond to 12 tertiary indicators in total; the 3 secondary indicators are B11 concentration of leading factors of ports and shipping, B12 coverage of key links of shipping services and B13 competitiveness of characteristic shipping services; the tertiary indicators corresponding to the B11 concentration of leading factors of ports and shipping are C21 scale of large shipping enterprises, C22 scale of large port enterprises and C23 scale of large ship enterprises; the tertiary indicators corresponding to the B12 coverage of key links of shipping services are C24 scale of international ship management enterprises, C25 scale of ship agency enterprises, C26 scale of shipping brokerage enterprises, C27 income of ship cargo insurance, C28 scale of maritime legal service institutions, C29 rating of maritime and commercial law firms, C30 number and grade of crew training institutions and C31 number of industry organizations; the tertiary indicator corresponding to the B13 competitiveness of characteristic shipping services is C32 national market share of characteristic services.

[0013] Furthermore, the A4 strategic support effect indicator corresponds to 7 secondary indicators, and the 7 secondary indicators correspond to 9 tertiary indicators in total; the 7 secondary indicators are B14 hinterland support, B15 bulk storage and transportation guarantee, B16 industry driving force, B17 international channel support, B18 open innovation, B19 regional port synergy and B20 global city support; the tertiary indicator corresponding to the B14 hinterland support indicator is C33 hinterland GDP calculated according to market share; the tertiary indicators corresponding to the B15 bulk storage and transportation guarantee indicator are C34 crude oil storage tank capacity and C35 ore storage capacity; the third-level indicator corresponding to the B16 industrial pulling power index is C36 port economic contribution; the third-level indicator corresponding to the B17 international channel support index is C37 cross-border train scale and C38 international channel route throughput; the third-level indicator corresponding to the B18 open innovation index is C39 China Free Trade Pilot Zone Institutional Innovation Index; the third-level indicator corresponding to the B19 regional port synergy index is C40 regional port feeder scale; the third-level indicator corresponding to the B20 global city support index is C41 global city network connectivity.

[0014] Furthermore, after the step of determining a plurality of evaluation indicators related to shipping, the evaluation indicators are de-dimensionalized, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0015] According to the preset judgment matrix, the relative importance of the secondary and tertiary indicators is calculated using the hierarchical analysis method to obtain the weights of the secondary and tertiary indicators;

[0016] Determine the fuzzy evaluation matrix of indicators at all levels;

[0017] Based on the fuzzy evaluation matrix, fuzzy matrix composite operation is performed to obtain the fuzzy evaluation matrix of the first-level index;

[0018] The shipping center is evaluated based on the weights of the secondary and tertiary indicators and the fuzzy evaluation matrix of the primary indicators, and the evaluation results are output.

[0019] Furthermore, the specific process of the step of de-dimensionalizing the evaluation index is as follows:

[0020] Step 1: De-dimensionalization: Use the maximum and minimum standardization method to de-dimensionalize. The formula is as follows:

[0021] y=(y max -y min )·(xx min ) / (x max -x min )+y min ;

[0022] Among them, y max ,y min Respectively represent the maximum and minimum values ​​of the interval that needs to be mapped; x max ,x min They represent the maximum and minimum values ​​of the index that need to be dedimensionalized respectively; x represents the actual index value; y represents the mapping value obtained after dedimensionalization of the actual index value x;

[0023] Step 2, determine the indicator weights: by comparing the importance of each secondary indicator and tertiary indicator in pairs, quantify the comparison results according to the scale of 1 to 9, and construct a judgment matrix; use the hierarchical analysis method to calculate the relative importance of the secondary and tertiary indicators, and the weight vector obtained is the eigenvector corresponding to the maximum eigenroot, that is, the weight W of each indicator; after determining the weight, perform a consistency test on the judgment matrix. When the consistency ratio is less than 0.1, it is considered that the judgment matrix has satisfactory consistency. Otherwise, adjust the judgment matrix until it has satisfactory consistency; after the consistency test, the weights of the secondary and tertiary indicators are W respectively. k =(W k1 ,W k2 ,L,W kn ), Wkj=(Wkj1, Wkj2, Wkj3, L, Wkjn);

[0024] Step 3, determine the fuzzy evaluation matrix: standardization processing;

[0025] For the larger the better type of indicators, use the following formula for standardization:

[0026] r ij =x ij / (x maxij +x minij );

[0027] For the smaller the better type of indicators, use the following formula for standardization:

[0028] r ij =(x maxij +x minij -x ij ) / (x maxij +x minij );

[0029] In the formula, x ij is the index value; x maxij ,x minij are the maximum and minimum values ​​of the i-th row in the sample set; r ij is the standardized index value;

[0030] Get the fuzzy evaluation matrix R k :

[0031]

[0032] Step 4: Fuzzy matrix composite operation;

[0033] Perform the composite operation of the fuzzy matrix secondary index to obtain the fuzzy evaluation matrix S of the secondary j index kj :

[0034]

[0035] Perform composite operations on the first-level indicators of the fuzzy matrix and obtain the fuzzy evaluation matrix S of the first-level k indicators. k :

[0036]

[0037] Step 5: Evaluate the shipping center based on the weights of the secondary and tertiary indicators and the fuzzy evaluation matrix of the primary indicator, and output the final evaluation results.

[0038] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0039] 1. This invention focuses on the evaluation from four aspects: comprehensive transportation hub, sea and land service network, shipping industry cluster and strategic support effect, and constructs an evaluation system consisting of "4+20+41" indicators. The main domestic shipping center cities such as Shanghai, Dalian, Tianjin, Qingdao, Ningbo-Zhoushan, Xiamen, Shenzhen and Guangzhou are initially selected as samples for measurement.

[0040] 2. Compared with other methods, the evaluation index method adopted by the present invention can reflect the relative importance of various evaluation indicators, can effectively integrate a variety of different evaluation indicators, deal with various fuzzy and uncertain information, and can ensure the stability and reliability of the comprehensive evaluation results.

[0041] 3. The evaluation results output by the present invention are easy to interpret and have clear directions for evaluating the development stage of shipping centers and making decisions and policies. They can provide a basis for decision-making for industry authorities to make relevant plans, and provide support for local governments and enterprises to objectively view the development characteristics and competitiveness of various shipping centers and make relevant strategic plans. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of multiple evaluation indicators related to shipping determined by the present invention.

[0043] Figure 2 It is the evaluation result of the secondary indicators of the A- and B-level shipping centers of the comprehensive transportation hub in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 3 It is the evaluation result of the secondary indicators of Class A and Class B shipping centers of the sea-land service network in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 4 It is the evaluation result of the secondary indicators of Class A, B and C shipping centers of the shipping industry cluster in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 5 It is the evaluation result of the secondary index of strategic support effect A and B level shipping centers in Example 1 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0048] The specific implementation of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0049] An embodiment of the present invention provides a shipping center evaluation method in a specific scenario, comprising the following steps:

[0050] Step 1: Based on the strategic mission of a specific regional shipping center, determine multiple evaluation indicators related to shipping to solve the problem that it is difficult to quantitatively evaluate the construction effect of the existing shipping center. The evaluation indicators include 4 first-level indicators, 20 second-level indicators, and 41 third-level indicators. Figure 1 .

[0051] Step 2: De-dimensionalize the evaluation index;

[0052] According to the preset judgment matrix, the relative importance of the secondary and tertiary indicators is calculated using the hierarchical analysis method to obtain the weights of the secondary and tertiary indicators;

[0053] Determine the fuzzy evaluation matrix of indicators at all levels;

[0054] Based on the fuzzy evaluation matrix, fuzzy matrix composite operation is performed to obtain the fuzzy evaluation matrix of the first-level index;

[0055] The shipping center is evaluated based on the weights of the secondary and tertiary indicators and the fuzzy evaluation matrix of the primary indicators, and the evaluation results are output.

[0056] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first-level indicators include A1 comprehensive transportation hub, A2 sea and land service network, A3 shipping industry cluster and A4 strategic support effect.

[0057] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the secondary and tertiary indicators of the A1 comprehensive transportation hub are set as follows: the shipping center should first be a world-class hub port and a three-dimensional comprehensive transportation hub that coordinates land and sea. Based on the industry's broad consensus and best practices on comprehensive three-dimensional hubs, international hub ports, and world-class ports, five evaluation dimensions are set up, including economic efficiency, convenience and smoothness, green and intensive, intelligent and advanced, and safe and reliable. Seven secondary indicators and 14 tertiary indicators are selected as shown in Table 1:

[0058] Table 1 Secondary and tertiary indicators of comprehensive transportation hubs

[0059]

[0060] B1 Hub scale: This indicator reflects the port scale of the shipping center. Among the three-level indicators, the values ​​of C1 port throughput and C2 container throughput are calculated according to the statistical bulletins released by the Ministry of Transport in previous years.

[0061] B2 Facility efficiency: This indicator reflects the service efficiency of port facilities in shipping centers. Among the three-level indicators, C3 average container ship time efficiency is calculated according to the statistical bulletin released by the China Port Association, C4 container ship stop time in port is calculated according to the statistics released by the Shanghai Shipping Exchange, and C5 container ship direct call rate is calculated according to the statistics released by the North Sea Navigation Security Center.

[0062] B3 Intermodal transport level: This indicator reflects the multimodal transport service level of the shipping center. Among the three-level indicators, C6 sea-rail intermodal transport ratio is calculated according to the statistical bulletin released by the Ministry of Transport, C7 water-to-water transshipment ratio and C8 international transshipment ratio are calculated according to the statistical bulletin released by the China Port Association. Considering the classification and evaluation of ports with different collection and distribution conditions, the larger value of C6 and C7 is taken.

[0063] B4 Port customs clearance level: This indicator reflects the efficiency and cost level of the port customs clearance services of the shipping center. Among the three-level indicators, C9 cross-border trade port efficiency and C10 cross-border trade port cost are calculated based on the industry's authoritative evaluation system, which comprehensively considers the internationally accepted port operation standards and best practices.

[0064] B5 Green Port: This indicator reflects the level of green port development in the shipping center. Among the three-level indicators, C11 container unit shoreline throughput = container throughput / container shoreline length. Container throughput is calculated according to the statistical bulletin published by the Ministry of Transport, and container shoreline length is calculated based on the data of the port shoreline resource management system of the Planning and Research Institute of the Ministry of Transport. C12 Green port rating is based on the rating results published by the China Port Association, the Asia-Pacific Port Services Organization APSN and other organizations.

[0065] B6 Smart Port: The indicator reflects the level of smart port construction in the shipping center. Among the three-level indicators, the construction level of C13 automated terminal is calculated based on the number of automated terminals, automated quay cranes, automated horizontal transport, automated yard cranes, and unmanned container trucks announced by the China Port Association and the "Port Circle".

[0066] B7 Safe Port: The indicator reflects the development level of safe ports in shipping centers. Among the three-level indicators, C14 maritime search and rescue success rate is calculated based on the statistical data released by the maritime administration of each port.

[0067] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the secondary and tertiary indicators of the A2 sea-land service network are set as follows: In the new era, the shipping center should be a service network that supports the two-way radiation of sea and land under my country's modern economic system, including infrastructure hardware network and logistics service network. Shipping centers are required to accelerate the improvement of their adaptability to the international and domestic supply and demand markets, enhance the radiation and traction of the two-way network, and provide professional logistics services throughout the entire process. Therefore, three evaluation dimensions are set up: international connectivity, domestic smooth flow, and full-process service, and three secondary indicators and six tertiary indicators are selected as shown in Table 2:

[0068] Table 2 Secondary and tertiary indicators of sea and land service network

[0069]

[0070]

[0071] B8 International Maritime Connectivity: This indicator reflects the level of international connectivity of a shipping center. Among the three-level indicators, the C15 Liner Shipping Connectivity Index LSCI value is calculated according to the Liner Shipping Connectivity Index (LSCI) released by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD).

[0072] B9 Inland hinterland connectivity: This indicator reflects the connectivity level between the shipping center and the inland hinterland. Among the three-level indicators, the C16 inland port layout and the connectivity between the port and the main skeleton of the comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network are calculated based on a combination of proprietary survey data and expert scores.

[0073] B10 Professional logistics services: This indicator reflects the level of professional logistics services provided by shipping centers in the areas of new demands and new formats. Among the three-level indicators, C17 the proportion of total logistics costs to GDP is calculated based on the statistical bulletins and logistics special reports of each city, C18 the number of national backbone cold chain logistics bases is calculated based on the information released by the National Development and Reform Commission, C19 the level of automobile logistics development is calculated based on expert scores, and C20 the city development index of China's cross-border e-commerce comprehensive pilot zone is calculated based on the evaluation indicators released by the Henan International Digital Trade Research Institute.

[0074] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the secondary and tertiary indicators of the A3 shipping industry cluster are set as follows: as a comprehensive transportation hub, the port attracts the flow of ships, cargo, information and capital to the port and its city. The shipping center relies on the comprehensive service level of the city to form derivative service functions such as commerce, finance, information, law and industry support. The development paths of various shipping centers are distinctive, and the service function system does not pursue "big and complete". Therefore, three evaluation dimensions are set up, namely, leading aggregation, chain improvement and distinctive features, and three secondary indicators and 12 tertiary indicators are selected as shown in Table 3:

[0075] Table 3 Secondary and tertiary indicators of shipping industry cluster

[0076]

[0077]

[0078] B11 Concentration of leading elements of ports and shipping: This indicator reflects the degree of concentration of leading elements such as large shipping, ports, and shipbuilding enterprises in shipping center cities. Among the three-level indicators, C21 scale of large shipping enterprises, C22 scale of large port enterprises, and C23 scale of large shipbuilding enterprises are calculated based on the total market value of listed companies of the above types registered in the city. The data source is WIND.

[0079] B12 Coverage of key links in shipping services: This indicator reflects the development scale of shipping centers in major shipping service links. Among the three-level indicators, C24 scale of international ship management enterprises, C26 scale of shipping brokerage enterprises, C27 income from ship cargo insurance, C28 scale of maritime legal service institutions and C31 number of industry organizations are all from survey data. C25 scale of ship agency enterprises is calculated based on data published by the China Ship Agents and NVOCC Association, C29 rating of maritime law firms is calculated based on the evaluation results published by Chambers and Partners, and C30 number and level of crew training institutions are calculated based on the results of crew training institutions published by the China Maritime Safety Administration.

[0080] B13 Competitiveness of characteristic shipping services: This indicator reflects whether the shipping center has formed some industries with its own characteristics and strong market competitiveness in the various links (C24~C31) mentioned in B12. Among the three-level indicators, the calculation of the national market share of C32 characteristic services mainly uses the K-means clustering method to classify the indicators. First, K data points are selected as the initial cluster centers, that is, cluster centers. The initial cluster centers are also called seeds. Then, the distances from each data point to each cluster center are calculated one by one, and the data points are assigned to the cluster closest to it. After one generation, all data points will be assigned to a certain cluster. Then, the new cluster center is calculated based on the allocation results, and the distances from each data point to various seeds are recalculated, and redistributed according to the distance. The calculation and redistribution steps are repeated until the allocation no longer changes or the termination conditions are met. This method is used to achieve the classification of indicators and count the number of "first-level" shipping service links owned by each shipping center.

[0081] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the setting of secondary and tertiary indicators of A4 strategic support effect: In the new era, shipping centers play a key role in improving economic security, promoting opening up to the outside world, supporting regional coordinated development and promoting urban upgrading. By sorting out the various tasks undertaken by shipping centers at the national, regional and urban levels, four evaluation dimensions are established, including serving economic security, leading opening up to the outside world, serving regional coordination and driving urban upgrading, and 7 secondary indicators and 9 tertiary indicators are selected as shown in Table 4:

[0082] Table 4 Secondary and tertiary indicators of strategic support effect

[0083]

[0084] B14 Hinterland Support: This indicator reflects the size of the hinterland served by each shipping center. Among the three-level indicators, C33 hinterland GDP calculated based on market share = GDP of the port hinterland province * market share. The market share is calculated based on the proportion of foreign trade containers entering and leaving the port in the hinterland (calculated by province) served by the shipping center port.

[0085] B15 Bulk storage and transportation guarantee capacity: This indicator reflects the ability of the shipping center to provide important strategic material storage services. Among the three-level indicators, the values ​​of C34 crude oil storage tank capacity and C35 ore storage capacity are calculated based on survey data.

[0086] B16 Industrial Driving Force: This indicator reflects the ability of each shipping center to drive the regional economic industry. Among the three-level indicators, the value of C36 Port Economic Contribution refers to the evaluation methods and data adopted by the Planning Institute of the Ministry of Transport. These methods and data are widely recognized and applied in the analysis of related fields.

[0087] B17 International Channel Support: This indicator reflects the connectivity between the shipping center and the regions along the international channels. Among the three-level indicators, the scale of the C37 cross-border train is calculated based on the survey data, and the route throughput value of the regions along the C38 international channel is calculated based on the international route container throughput of the regions along the international channels of each port announced by the Ministry of Transport.

[0088] B18 Openness and Innovation: This indicator reflects the openness and innovation of each shipping center in areas such as free trade. Among the three-level indicators, C39 China Free Trade Pilot Zone Institutional Innovation Index is derived from the evaluation indicators published by the Free Trade Zone Comprehensive Research Institute of Sun Yat-sen University. These evaluation indicators are widely recognized and applied in the analysis of related fields.

[0089] B19 Regional port coordination: This indicator reflects the level of connectivity between the shipping center and other ports in the region. Among the three-level indicators, the scale of the C40 regional port feeder lines is calculated according to the statistical bulletin published by the Ministry of Transport.

[0090] B20 Global City Support: This indicator reflects the role of shipping centers in driving urban upgrading. Among the three-level indicators, the value of C41 Global City Network Connectivity is derived from the Global Network Connectivity rating published by the Globalization and World Cities Research Group (GaWC).

[0091] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the specific steps of step 2 are as follows:

[0092] 1) De-dimensionalization: Considering the different dimensions of the index values, de-dimensionalization is required. The maximum and minimum standardization de-dimensionalization is adopted. The formula is as follows:

[0093] Formula 1: y = (ymax -y min )·(xx min ) / (x max -x min )+y min ;

[0094] Among them, y max ,y min Respectively represent the maximum and minimum values ​​of the interval that needs to be mapped; x max ,x min They represent the maximum and minimum values ​​of the indicators that need to be dedimensionalized respectively; x represents the actual indicator value; y represents the mapping value obtained after dedimensionalization of the actual indicator value x;

[0095] 2) Determine the indicator weights: compare the importance of each secondary indicator and tertiary indicator, and quantify the comparison results according to the importance level 1 to 9 to obtain a judgment matrix; compare each indicator in pairs, and assign weights using a scale of 1 to 9. The meaning of the scale is shown in Table 5, and 2.4.6.8 are the middle values ​​of the judgment.

[0096] Table 5 Specific meaning of each scale

[0097]

[0098] Taking the three secondary indicators of international shipping connectivity, inland hinterland connectivity and professional logistics services as examples, let A1 and LA3 represent international shipping connectivity, inland hinterland connectivity and professional logistics services respectively, and make a pairwise comparison to form the following judgment matrix:

[0099] Formula 2:

[0100] According to the obtained judgment matrix, the relative importance of the indicators is calculated using the hierarchical analysis method. The weight vector obtained is the eigenvector corresponding to the maximum eigenvalue, that is, the weight W of each indicator. After determining the weight, the judgment matrix is ​​tested for consistency. When the consistency ratio is less than 0.1, it is considered that the judgment matrix has satisfactory consistency. Otherwise, the judgment matrix is ​​adjusted until it has satisfactory consistency. The weight of the secondary indicator is W. k =(W k1 ,W k2 ,L,W kn ), the weight of the third-level indicator is W kj =(W kj1 ,W kj2 ,W kj3 ,L,W kj ) n , thus obtaining the specific weights of the secondary and tertiary indicators.

[0101] 3) Determine the fuzzy evaluation matrix: According to the index items required by the index evaluation system, sample data is collected for the index values ​​of each shipping center to obtain the fuzzy evaluation matrix of the relative membership of a single shipping center. In order to keep the change information of each evaluation index value as much as possible, it is necessary to standardize the larger and better indicators:

[0102] Formula 3: r ij =x ij / (x maxij +x minij );

[0103] The smaller the better the index is:

[0104] Formula 4: r ij =(x maxij +x minij -x ij ) / (x maxij +x minij );

[0105] In the formula, x ij is the index value; x maxij ,x minij are the maximum and minimum values ​​of the i-th row in the sample set; r ij is the index value after standardization; R k is the fuzzy evaluation matrix:

[0106] Formula 5:

[0107] 4) Fuzzy matrix composite operation: According to the index sample values ​​collected by each shipping center, the fuzzy matrix secondary index composite operation is performed to obtain the fuzzy evaluation matrix S of the secondary j index kj :

[0108]

[0109] Perform composite operations on the first-level indicators of the fuzzy matrix and obtain the fuzzy evaluation matrix S of the first-level k indicators. k :

[0110]

[0111] 5) Evaluate the shipping center based on the weights of the secondary and tertiary indicators and the fuzzy evaluation matrix of the primary indicators, and output the final evaluation results.

[0112] The final index system weights obtained after calculation are shown in Table 6:

[0113] Table 6 Secondary and tertiary indicators and weights

[0114]

[0115]

[0116] Example 1: Based on the major international shipping centers across the country, the Delphi method is used to select Shanghai, Dalian, Tianjin, Qingdao, Ningbo-Zhoushan, Xiamen, Shenzhen, and Guangzhou as samples for measurement, and the 2023 values ​​of various indicators are selected for calculation.

[0117] (1) A1 Comprehensive Transportation Hub Evaluation Results: After years of port construction, my country's international shipping centers are generally at a high level in terms of comprehensive hub construction. The throughput scale and facility efficiency are at the international leading level. The smart, green and safe development of ports has made remarkable achievements. The intermodal level and port customs clearance services still have room for improvement). From the perspective of major international shipping centers, among the samples evaluated this time, Shanghai and Ningbo-Zhoushan were rated A, and Qingdao, Tianjin, Guangzhou, Xiamen and Shenzhen were rated B. Shanghai and Ningbo-Zhoushan performed relatively well in all aspects. Qingdao is in the lead in port customs clearance, green ports and intermodal levels. Tianjin is in the lead in port customs clearance, smart and green services. Xiamen is in the lead in facility efficiency, port customs clearance and safe ports. ( Figure 2 The evaluation results of A1 comprehensive transportation hub are shown in Table 7:

[0118] Table 7A1 Evaluation results of comprehensive transportation hub

[0119]

[0121] (2) A2 Evaluation results of sea-land service network: Compared with sea-oriented hinterland shipping centers such as Singapore, the sea-land two-way logistics service network of my country's shipping centers is the focus of development. At present, the sea-oriented connectivity of my country's shipping centers is at the leading level in the world, but the inland connectivity and professional logistics service capabilities still need to be improved. Figure 3 As shown in Table 8, from the perspective of major international shipping centers, among the samples evaluated this time, Shanghai and Ningbo-Zhoushan were rated A, and Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Tianjin, and Qingdao were rated B. The evaluation results of A2 sea-land service network are shown in Table 8:

[0122] Table 8A2 Evaluation results of sea and land service network

[0123]

[0124] (3) Evaluation results of A3 shipping industry cluster: Modern shipping services are at the forefront of my country’s water transport development. The shipping service industry clusters in London, Singapore and Rotterdam are all based on their own national conditions and the stage of hinterland economic development. They have built and continuously extended the service chain, and their development models are unique. Restricted by factors such as the legal system and language environment, my country lacks international voice in the global shipping field, and it is difficult to achieve breakthroughs in the development of some modern shipping service fields. After years of exploration and development, Shanghai has formed a shipping service industry cluster that represents the country in global competition, and other shipping centers have initially formed shipping service function systems with their own characteristics that mainly serve the needs of the hinterland. Figure 4 As shown in Table 9, in the samples evaluated this time, Shanghai is rated A, Ningbo-Zhoushan, Dalian, Tianjin and Guangzhou are rated C. The evaluation results of A3 shipping industry cluster are shown in Table 9:

[0125] Table 9A3 Evaluation results of shipping industry cluster

[0126]

[0127] (4) A4 Strategic Support Effect Evaluation Results: my country's international shipping center has an important mission in serving economic security, leading opening up to the outside world, serving regional coordination, and driving urban upgrading. Figure 5 As shown in Table 10, among the samples evaluated this time, Shanghai was rated A, and Ningbo-Zhoushan, Tianjin, Shenzhen, Qingdao, Guangzhou, Dalian, and Xiamen were rated B. The evaluation results of A4 strategic support effect are shown in Table 10:

[0128] Table 10A4 Strategic Support Effect Evaluation Results

[0129]

[0130] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be pointed out that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention. These should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention. These will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent.

Claims

1. A shipping center evaluation method in a specific scenario, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: For the evaluation problem of shipping centers in specific scenarios, multiple evaluation indicators related to shipping are determined, wherein the evaluation indicators include multiple primary indicators, multiple secondary indicators corresponding to the primary indicators, and multiple tertiary indicators corresponding to the secondary indicators; The first-level indicators include A1 comprehensive transportation hub, A2 sea and land service network, A3 shipping industry cluster and A4 strategic support effect.

2. The shipping center evaluation method under a specific scenario according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The A1 comprehensive transportation hub index corresponds to 7 secondary indicators, and the 7 secondary indicators correspond to 14 tertiary indicators in total; the 7 secondary indicators are B1 hub scale, B2 facility efficiency, B3 intermodal level, B4 port clearance level, B5 green port, B6 smart port and B7 safe port. The tertiary indicators corresponding to the B1 hub scale index are C1 port throughput and C2 container throughput; the tertiary indicators corresponding to the B2 facility efficiency index are C3 average container ship time efficiency, C4 container ship stop time in port and C5 container ship direct call rate; B3 intermodal level, B4 port clearance level, B5 green port, B6 smart port and B7 safe port. The third-level indicators corresponding to the transportation level index are C6 container sea-rail transport ratio, C7 container water-to-water transshipment ratio and C8 container international transshipment ratio; the third-level indicators corresponding to the B4 port clearance level index are C9 cross-border trade port efficiency and C10 cross-border trade port cost; the third-level indicators corresponding to the B5 green port index are C11 container unit terminal shoreline throughput and C12 green port rating; the third-level indicator corresponding to the B6 smart port index is C13 automated terminal construction level; the third-level indicator corresponding to the B7 safe port index is C14 maritime search and rescue success rate.

3. The shipping center evaluation method under a specific scenario according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The A2 sea-land service network indicator corresponds to 3 secondary indicators, and the 3 secondary indicators correspond to 6 tertiary indicators in total; the 3 secondary indicators are B8 international shipping connectivity, B9 inland hinterland connectivity and B10 professional logistics services; the tertiary indicator corresponding to the B8 international shipping connectivity indicator is the C15 liner shipping connectivity index LSCI; the tertiary indicator corresponding to the B9 inland hinterland connectivity indicator is C16 inland port layout and the connectivity between ports and the main skeleton of the comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network; the tertiary indicators corresponding to the B10 professional logistics service indicator are C17 the proportion of total logistics costs to GDP, C18 the number of national backbone cold chain logistics bases, C19 the level of automobile logistics development and C20 the city development index of China's cross-border e-commerce comprehensive pilot zone.

4. The shipping center evaluation method under a specific scenario according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The A3 shipping industry cluster index corresponds to 3 secondary indicators, and the 3 secondary indicators correspond to 12 tertiary indicators in total; the 3 secondary indicators are B11 concentration of leading factors of ports and shipping, B12 coverage of key links of shipping services and B13 competitiveness of characteristic shipping services; the tertiary indicators corresponding to the B11 concentration of leading factors of ports and shipping index are C21 scale of large shipping enterprises, C22 scale of large port enterprises and C23 scale of large ship enterprises; the tertiary indicators corresponding to the B12 coverage of key links of shipping services index are C24 scale of international ship management enterprises, C25 scale of ship agency enterprises, C26 scale of shipping brokerage enterprises, C27 income of ship cargo insurance, C28 scale of maritime legal service institutions, C29 rating of maritime and commercial law firms, C30 number and grade of crew training institutions and C31 number of industry organizations; the tertiary indicator corresponding to the B13 competitiveness of characteristic shipping services index is C32 national market share of characteristic services.

5. The shipping center evaluation method under a specific scenario according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The A4 strategic support effect indicator corresponds to 7 secondary indicators, and the 7 secondary indicators correspond to 9 tertiary indicators in total; the 7 secondary indicators are B14 hinterland support, B15 bulk storage and transportation guarantee, B16 industry driving force, B17 international channel support, B18 open innovation, B19 regional port synergy and B20 global city support; the tertiary indicator corresponding to the B14 hinterland support indicator is C33 hinterland GDP calculated according to market share; the tertiary indicators corresponding to the B15 bulk storage and transportation guarantee indicator are C34 crude oil storage tank capacity and C3 5. Ore storage capacity; the third-level indicator corresponding to the B16 industrial pulling power index is C36 port economic contribution; the third-level indicator corresponding to the B17 international channel support index is C37 cross-border train scale and C38 international channel route throughput; the third-level indicator corresponding to the B18 open innovation index is C39 China Free Trade Pilot Zone Institutional Innovation Index; the third-level indicator corresponding to the B19 regional port synergy index is C40 regional port feeder scale; the third-level indicator corresponding to the B20 global city support index is C41 global city network connectivity.

6. The shipping center evaluation method under a specific scenario according to claim 1 is characterized in that: After the step of determining a plurality of evaluation indicators related to shipping, the evaluation indicators are de-dimensionalized. The specific steps are as follows: According to the preset judgment matrix, the relative importance of the secondary and tertiary indicators is calculated using the hierarchical analysis method to obtain the weights of the secondary and tertiary indicators; Determine the fuzzy evaluation matrix of indicators at all levels; Based on the fuzzy evaluation matrix, fuzzy matrix composite operation is performed to obtain the fuzzy evaluation matrix of the first-level index; The shipping center is evaluated based on the weights of the secondary and tertiary indicators and the fuzzy evaluation matrix of the primary indicators, and the evaluation results are output.

7. The shipping center evaluation method under a specific scenario according to claim 6, characterized in that: The specific process of the step of de-dimensionalizing the evaluation index is as follows: Step 1: De-dimensionalization: Use the maximum and minimum standardization method to de-dimensionalize. The formula is as follows: y=(y max -ymin)·(x-xmin) / (xmax-xmin)+y min ; Among them, y max ,y min Respectively represent the maximum and minimum values ​​of the interval that needs to be mapped; x max ,x min They represent the maximum and minimum values ​​of the index that need to be dedimensionalized respectively; x represents the actual index value; y represents the mapping value obtained after dedimensionalization of the actual index value x; Step 2, determine the indicator weights: by comparing the importance of each secondary indicator and tertiary indicator in pairs, quantify the comparison results according to the scale of 1 to 9, and construct a judgment matrix; use the hierarchical analysis method to calculate the relative importance of the secondary and tertiary indicators, and the weight vector obtained is the eigenvector corresponding to the maximum eigenroot, that is, the weight W of each indicator; after determining the weight, perform a consistency test on the judgment matrix. When the consistency ratio is less than 0.1, it is considered that the judgment matrix has satisfactory consistency. Otherwise, adjust the judgment matrix until it has satisfactory consistency; after the consistency test, the weights of the secondary and tertiary indicators are W respectively. k =(W k1 ,W k2 ,L,W kn ), Wkj=(Wkj1,Wkj2,W kj3 ,L,W kjn ); Step 3, determine the fuzzy evaluation matrix: standardization processing; For the larger the better type of indicators, use the following formula for standardization: r ij =x ij / (x maxij +x minij ); For the smaller the better type of indicators, use the following formula for standardization: r ij =(x maxij +x minij -x ij ) / (x maxij +x minij ); In the formula, x ij is the index value; x maxij ,x minij are the maximum and minimum values ​​of the i-th row in the sample set; r ij is the standardized index value; Get the fuzzy evaluation matrix R k : Step 4: Fuzzy matrix composite operation; Perform the composite operation of the fuzzy matrix secondary index to obtain the fuzzy evaluation matrix S of the secondary j index kj : Perform composite operations on the first-level indicators of the fuzzy matrix and obtain the fuzzy evaluation matrix S of the first-level k indicators. k : Step 5: Evaluate the shipping center based on the weights of the secondary and tertiary indicators and the fuzzy evaluation matrix of the primary indicator, and output the final evaluation results.

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