Solid oxide fuel cell power generation module

Abstract

The invention provides a solid oxide fuel cell power generation module, and relates to the technical field of fuel cells, the solid oxide fuel cell power generation module comprises a packaging container, a cell stack, an anode gas inlet pipe, a cathode gas inlet pipe, a gas outlet pipe and a hot box, the packaging container is provided with an accommodating cavity for accommodating the cell stack; the anode gas inlet pipe and the cathode gas inlet pipe are both communicated with the cell stack, the anode gas inlet pipe is used for introducing fuel gas flow into the cell stack, the cathode gas inlet pipe is used for introducing oxidant gas flow into the cell stack, so that fuel and an oxidant are subjected to electrochemical reaction in the cell stack, and the gas outlet pipe is communicated with the cell stack and is used for discharging tail gas after the electrochemical reaction; the hot box is provided with a sealing cavity used for containing the packaging container, and at least part of the anode air inlet pipe, at least part of the cathode air inlet pipe and at least part of the air outlet pipe are all located outside the hot box. The solar cell stack has a double-layer structure, the uniformity of the temperature of the cell stack can be ensured, heat loss and global temperature difference are reduced, and the cell stack can operate stably.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, and in particular to a solid oxide fuel cell power generation module. Background Art

[0002] Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are a clean energy power generation technology that usually reacts hydrogen, hydrocarbon fuels, etc. with oxidants to achieve efficient conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy. The operating temperature of solid oxide fuel cells is usually above 600°C, which is higher than other types of fuel cells. Therefore, temperature and other characteristics play a key role in the operation and life of solid oxide fuel cells. This is mainly reflected in the fact that temperature changes will directly affect the output power of solid oxide fuel cells, and the increase in operating temperature can bring obvious positive benefits to the battery output performance, but there is also a risk of material degradation and reduced efficiency.

[0003] In the related art, the non-uniformity of the temperature inside the battery stack at high temperature is an important factor affecting the stability and life of the battery. Excessive temperature gradient and inlet and outlet temperature difference will produce obvious thermal stress inside the battery, which may cause local cracks or serious failures in the battery, thereby reducing the performance and durability of the stack and even causing thermal runaway. Therefore, the global temperature difference and local temperature gradient of the battery must be reduced to maintain the stable and efficient operation of the battery stack. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve one of the technical problems in the related art at least to a certain extent.

[0005] To this end, an embodiment of the present invention proposes a solid oxide fuel cell power generation module, which has a double-layer structure, can ensure the uniformity of the temperature of the cell stack, reduce heat loss and global temperature difference, and enable the cell stack to operate stably.

[0006] A solid oxide fuel cell power generation module according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises a packaging container, a battery stack, an anode air inlet pipe, a cathode air inlet pipe, an air outlet pipe and a heat box, wherein the packaging container has an accommodating cavity for accommodating the battery stack, the battery stack comprises a plurality of single cells stacked layer by layer and connected in series in sequence along the height direction of the packaging container, and the thickness direction of the single cells is consistent with the height direction of the packaging container; the anode air inlet pipe and the cathode air inlet pipe are both connected to the battery stack, the anode air inlet pipe is used to pass a fuel gas flow to the battery stack, the cathode air inlet pipe is used to pass an oxidant gas flow to the battery stack, so that the fuel and the oxidant react electrochemically inside the battery stack, the air outlet pipe is connected to the battery stack and is used to discharge the tail gas after the electrochemical reaction; the heat box has a sealed cavity for accommodating the packaging container, and at least part of the anode air inlet pipe, at least part of the cathode air inlet pipe and at least part of the air outlet pipe are all located outside the heat box.

[0007] According to the solid oxide fuel cell power generation module of the embodiment of the present invention, the accommodating cavity of the packaging container provides a first layer of sealed environment for the electrochemical reaction of the battery stack, and the heat box seals the packaging container as a whole in a second layer of sealed environment, that is, in the sealed cavity, so that a double-layer insulation structure can be formed on the outside of the battery stack, so that the anode air inlet pipe allows fuel to be passed to the battery stack, and the cathode air inlet pipe allows oxidant to be passed to the battery stack. After the fuel and the oxidant undergo electrochemical reaction inside the battery stack, the heat generated by the battery stack needs to be transferred to the external environment through the accommodating cavity and the sealed cavity in turn, which not only prolongs the heat transfer path, makes it difficult to dissipate heat quickly, and can produce a heat-insulating effect on the battery stack, but also the battery stack is located in the thermal energy environment, which effectively reduces its overall temperature difference. Therefore, compared with the related art, the present invention has a double-layer structure, which can ensure the uniformity of the battery stack temperature, reduce heat loss and global temperature difference, and enable the battery stack to operate stably.

[0008] In some embodiments, the inner peripheral wall of the sealed cavity is provided with a thermal insulation coating.

[0009] In some embodiments, the thermal insulation coating is a ceramic micro-bead high-temperature thermal insulation coating.

[0010] In some embodiments, the heat box includes a locking piece and a plurality of insulation plates, the plurality of insulation plates surround and form the sealed cavity, and any two adjacent insulation plates are locked by the locking piece.

[0011] In some embodiments, among any two adjacent insulation boards, one of the insulation boards is provided with a first contact surface, and the other insulation board is provided with a second contact surface, and the first contact surface and the second contact surface cooperate to form a seam, and the seam can be one of a stepped seam, a serrated seam and a wavy seam.

[0012] In some embodiments, the thickness of the insulation board is a, 40≤a≤80mm.

[0013] In some embodiments, the power generation module further includes a preheater, which is installed at the bottom of the packaging container and located in the sealed cavity, and at least a portion of the cathode air inlet pipe is located in the preheater and is suitable for being preheated by the preheater.

[0014] In some embodiments, the cathodes of all the single cells are connected to the containing cavity so that the high-temperature cathode tail gas after the electrochemical reaction directly enters the containing cavity.

[0015] In some embodiments, the outlet pipe includes an anode outlet pipe and a cathode outlet pipe, the anode outlet pipe is connected to the battery stack and is used to discharge the anode exhaust gas after the electrochemical reaction, the accommodating chamber, the preheater and the cathode outlet pipe are connected in sequence to pass the high-temperature cathode exhaust gas after the electrochemical reaction into the preheater to preheat the cathode inlet pipe, and at least a portion of the cathode outlet pipe is located outside the preheater.

[0016] In some embodiments, the preheater has an installation cavity, and the cathode air inlet pipe includes a first section, a heat exchange coil section, and a second section connected in sequence, at least a portion of the first section is located outside the preheater, the heat exchange coil section is located in the installation cavity, and the end of the second section facing away from the heat exchange coil section is connected to the battery stack.

[0017] In some embodiments, at least a portion of the second section is located in the accommodating cavity and extends from the bottom toward the top of the packaging container, so that the second section exchanges heat with the high-temperature cathode tail gas in the accommodating cavity.

[0018] In some embodiments, the anode air inlet pipe and the anode air outlet pipe are arranged at a distance from each other on the top of the battery stack, and at least a portion of the anode air inlet pipe and at least a portion of the anode air outlet pipe are both located outside the packaging container;

[0019] The bottom of the battery stack is spaced apart from the inner bottom wall of the accommodating cavity and the two are connected via a first support.

[0020] In some embodiments, the first support includes a connected metal base plate and pillars, the metal base plate is connected to the bottom of the battery stack and is provided with through holes to reduce the contact area between the metal base plate and the bottom of the battery stack, and the end of the pillar facing away from the metal base plate is connected to the inner bottom wall of the accommodating cavity.

[0021] In some embodiments, at least one of the anode air inlet pipe and the cathode air inlet pipe is provided with a pressurizing device, and the pressurizing device is used to pressurize the fuel gas flow or the oxidant gas flow so that the cell stack can operate at a set pressure.

[0022] In some embodiments, the set pressure is P, 1≤P≤3 bar.

[0023] In some embodiments, the power generation module further includes a heating tube, which spirally extends along the height direction of the packaging container and surrounds the outer peripheral wall of the packaging container. The heating tube is located in the sealed cavity and is used to heat the accommodating cavity.

[0024] In some embodiments, the power generation module further includes a second support, the second support is installed at the bottom of the thermal box, and a heat insulation layer is provided between the second support and the bottom of the thermal box.

[0025] In some embodiments, the thermal insulation layer is a nanoporous thermal insulation layer, or the thermal insulation layer is a nanoporous thermal insulation board.

[0026] In some embodiments, the power generation module further includes a first temperature sensor installed in the sealed cavity and arranged adjacent to the battery stack to monitor the temperature of the battery stack.

[0027] In some embodiments, at least one of the anode air inlet pipe and the cathode air inlet pipe is provided with a second temperature sensor.

[0028] In some embodiments, the power generation module also includes a first test terminal and a second test terminal, the first test terminal is electrically connected to the anode of the battery stack, the second test terminal is electrically connected to the cathode of the battery stack, at least a portion of the first test terminal and at least a portion of the second test terminal are located outside the hot box, and the first test terminal and the second test terminal are suitable for being electrically connected to an electrochemical workstation to test the performance parameters of the battery stack.

[0029] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be given in part in the following description and in part will be obvious from the following description, or will be learned through practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of a solid oxide fuel cell power generation module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the packaging container, the cell stack and the preheater part in the solid oxide fuel cell power generation module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure markings: 1. packaging container, 11. accommodating cavity, 2. battery stack, 21. single cell, 3. anode air inlet pipe, 4. cathode air inlet pipe, 41. first section, 42. heat exchange coil section, 43. second section, 5. air outlet pipe, 51. anode air outlet pipe, 52. cathode air outlet pipe, 6. heat box, 61. locking piece, 62. insulation board, 63. seam, 7. preheater, 71. installation cavity, 8. first support, 81. metal base plate, 82. pillar, 9. heating tube, 91. first test end, 92. second test end. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to be used to explain the present invention, but should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0034] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a solid oxide fuel cell power generation module according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises a packaging container 1, a battery stack 2, an anode air inlet pipe 3, a cathode air inlet pipe 4, an air outlet pipe 5 and a heat box 6. The packaging container 1 has a housing cavity 11 for accommodating the battery stack 2. The battery stack 2 comprises a plurality of single cells 21 stacked layer by layer and connected in series in sequence along the height direction of the packaging container 1. The thickness direction of the single cell 21 is consistent with the height direction of the packaging container 1. The anode air inlet pipe 3 and the cathode air inlet pipe 4 are both connected to the battery stack 2. The anode air inlet pipe 3 is used to pass air into the battery stack 2. The fuel gas flow, the cathode gas inlet pipe 4 is used to introduce the oxidant gas flow to the battery stack 2 so that the fuel and the oxidant undergo an electrochemical reaction inside the battery stack 2, the gas outlet pipe 5 is connected to the battery stack 2 and is used to discharge the exhaust gas after the electrochemical reaction; the hot box 6 has a sealed cavity for accommodating the packaging container 1, at least part of the anode gas inlet pipe 3, at least part of the cathode gas inlet pipe 4 and at least part of the gas outlet pipe 5 are all located outside the hot box 6, that is, at least part of the anode gas inlet pipe 3, at least part of the cathode gas inlet pipe 4 and at least part of the gas outlet pipe 5 extend out of the hot box 6.

[0035] It can be understood that according to the solid oxide fuel cell power generation module of the embodiment of the present invention, the accommodating cavity 11 of the packaging container 1 provides a first layer of sealed environment for the electrochemical reaction of the battery stack 2, and the heat box 6 seals the packaging container 1 as a whole in the second layer of sealed environment, that is, the sealed cavity, so that a double-layer insulation structure can be formed outside the battery stack 2, so that the anode air inlet pipe 3 passes fuel to the battery stack 2, and the cathode air inlet pipe 4 passes oxidant to the battery stack 2. After the fuel and the oxidant undergo electrochemical reaction inside the battery stack 2, the heat generated by the battery stack 2 needs to be transferred to the external environment through the accommodating cavity 11 and the sealed cavity in turn, which not only extends the heat transfer path, but also makes it difficult to dissipate heat quickly, and can produce a heat preservation effect on the battery stack 2. Moreover, the battery stack 2 is located in the thermal energy environment, which also effectively reduces its overall temperature difference. Therefore, compared with the related art, the present invention has a double-layer structure, which can ensure the uniformity of the temperature of the battery stack 2, reduce heat loss and global temperature difference, and enable the battery stack 2 to operate stably.

[0036] Specifically, the height direction of the packaging container 1 and the thickness direction of the single cell 21 can be the up-down direction in the figure. The accommodating cavity 11 can extend in the up-down direction. The specific structure and working principle of the battery stack 2 can adopt the existing technology in the field, which will not be repeated here. The fuel can be reformed gas or pure hydrogen, wherein the reformed gas can be a gas containing H2, H2O, CO, CO2, and a mixed gas of alkane fuel and water vapor can be obtained by passing through a reformer, and the existing technology in the field can be specifically adopted. The oxidant can be air or pure oxygen. Each of the anode air inlet pipe 3, the cathode air inlet pipe 4 and the air outlet pipe 5 can be sealed by welding at the outlet hole of the packaging container 1 (that is, the intersection of the aforementioned components when they pass through the packaging container 1).

[0037] It should be noted that the battery stack 2 in the present invention can be a solid oxide fuel cell, which uses hydrocarbon fuels to generate electricity and heat through electrochemical reactions, and has the advantages of high energy conversion efficiency and fuel flexibility.

[0038] In some embodiments, the inner wall of the sealed cavity is provided with a heat insulation coating (not shown in the figure) so that the heat insulation coating can reduce the heat loss of the sealed cavity caused by thermal radiation, thereby further improving the temperature uniformity of the battery stack 2.

[0039] Furthermore, the thermal insulation coating may not be limited to being a ceramic micro-bead high-temperature thermal insulation coating.

[0040] like Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments, the heat box 6 includes a locking member 61 and a plurality of insulation plates 62 . The plurality of insulation plates 62 surround the molded sealing cavity, and any two adjacent insulation plates 62 are locked by the locking member 61 .

[0041] It can be understood that the locking member 61 and the plurality of heat-insulating plates 62 cooperate to form a heat box 6 structure, which is convenient for disassembly, assembly and maintenance, and can ensure the heat-insulating performance of the packaging container 1 .

[0042] Specifically, the locking member 61 may not be limited to using a strapping band and a clamp, etc., so that the power generation module can be disassembled after operation or during maintenance. For example, there may be six insulation boards 62, which are assembled into a heat box 6 of a rectangular structure to simplify the structure of the heat box 6 and reduce the difficulty of processing.

[0043] like Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments, among any two adjacent insulation boards 62, one insulation board 62 is provided with a first contact surface, and the other insulation board 62 is provided with a second contact surface, and the first contact surface and the second contact surface cooperate to form a joint 63, which is also the connection between any two adjacent insulation boards 62. The joint 63 can be one of a stepped joint 63, a serrated joint 63, and a wavy joint 63.

[0044] It is understandable that the use of stepped seams 63, serrated seams 63 or wavy seams 63 can increase the contact area between any two adjacent insulation boards 62 at the seams 63, further improving the sealing performance of the sealed cavity, reducing the risk of gas leakage, and reducing heat loss problems.

[0045] Specifically, both the first contact surface and the second contact surface may be located at the edge of the thermal insulation board 62 and extend along the length direction of the thermal insulation board 62 .

[0046] Furthermore, the thickness of the insulation board 62 is a, 40≤a≤80mm, wherein the thickness of the insulation board 62 can be, for example, 40mm, 50mm, 60mm, 70mm, 80mm, etc., but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values ​​within the numerical range are also applicable.

[0047] It should be noted that the battery stack 2 is at the highest temperature of the entire power generation module, and the power generation module focuses on heat preservation of the battery stack 2. Therefore, when the outer wall temperature of the heat box 6 is not too low, the thickness of the heat preservation board 62 can be slightly thinner, and when the outer wall temperature of the heat box 6 is required to be only slightly higher than the room temperature, a thicker heat preservation board 62 is required to ensure heat preservation. In addition, the operating temperature of the battery stack 2 is generally 700°C to 800°C.

[0048] like Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the power generation module further includes a preheater 7, which is installed at the bottom of the packaging container 1 and located in the sealed cavity, and at least a portion of the cathode air inlet pipe 4 is located in the preheater 7 and is suitable for being preheated by the preheater 7.

[0049] It can be understood that the preheater 7 integrated at the bottom of the packaging container 1 can preheat the oxidant in the cathode air inlet pipe 4. Since the gas flow rate on the cathode side is much larger than the gas flow rate on the anode side, preheating the cathode air inlet pipe 4 can increase the air intake temperature and minimize the inlet and outlet temperature difference of the battery stack 2. At the same time, the preheater 7 is integrated at the bottom of the packaging container 1, which not only makes the power generation module compact, but also can further utilize the heat dissipation at the bottom of the battery stack 2. Compared with the related art, the present invention can preheat the cathode air intake to reduce the inlet and outlet temperature difference of the battery stack 2, avoid excessively high temperature gradients inside the battery stack 2, and maintain stable operation of the battery stack 2.

[0050] like Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the cathodes of all single cells 21 are connected to the accommodating cavity 11, that is, the cathode of the battery stack 2 adopts an open design, so that the high-temperature cathode exhaust gas after the electrochemical reaction directly enters the accommodating cavity 11, thereby making the gas flow more direct and efficient, enhancing convection heat transfer, reducing the internal temperature difference, ensuring the uniformity of temperature distribution, and reducing the pressure drop on the cathode side. Because the gas flow on the cathode side is much larger than the gas flow on the anode side, the pressure loss of the present invention is lower than that of the related technology.

[0051] It should be noted that, usually the cathode gas in the battery stack 2 is distributed to different layers of single cells 21 to participate in the reaction. After the reaction, the cathode exhaust gas of all single cells 21 is gathered and discharged through the cathode exhaust pipe. In the present invention, the cathode of the battery stack 2 adopts an open design, which directly exposes the cathode outlet of the single cell 21, so that the cathode exhaust directly enters the accommodating cavity 11 of the packaging container 1 from the single cell 21.

[0052] like Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the outlet pipe 5 includes an anode outlet pipe 51 and a cathode outlet pipe 52, the anode outlet pipe 51 is connected to the battery stack 2 and is used to discharge the anode tail gas after the electrochemical reaction, the accommodating chamber 11, the preheater 7 and the cathode outlet pipe 52 are sequentially connected to pass the high-temperature cathode tail gas after the electrochemical reaction into the preheater 7 to preheat the cathode inlet pipe 4, and at least part of the cathode outlet pipe 52 is located outside the preheater 7. Among them, the anode tail gas and the cathode tail gas discharged from the power generation module can enter the subsequent heat exchange component (such as a burner) for further waste heat utilization.

[0053] It can be understood that passing the high-temperature cathode exhaust gas into the preheater 7 to preheat the cathode inlet pipe 4 can make the inlet temperature closer to the outlet temperature, reduce the inlet and outlet temperature difference of the battery stack 2, further realize the waste heat utilization, and improve the energy utilization efficiency.

[0054] like Figure 2As shown, in some embodiments, the preheater 7 has an installation cavity 71, and the cathode air inlet pipe 4 includes a first section 41, a heat exchange coil section 42 and a second section 43 which are connected in sequence, at least a portion of the first section 41 is located outside the preheater 7, the heat exchange coil section 42 is located in the installation cavity 71, and the end of the second section 43 away from the heat exchange coil section 42 is connected to the battery stack 2. The heat exchange coil structure is adopted to increase the heat exchange area of ​​the cathode air inlet pipe 4, which is beneficial to efficiently heating and raising the temperature of the cathode air inlet pipe 4.

[0055] Specifically, the installation cavity 71 can be connected with the accommodating cavity 11, so that the high-temperature cathode exhaust gas in the accommodating cavity 11 can enter the installation cavity 71, and the high-temperature cathode exhaust gas is disturbed by the interaction with the heat exchange coil, further enhancing the heat exchange coefficient and improving the preheating performance of the preheater 7 on the cathode intake pipe 4. For example, an intake pipeline can be arranged on the top of the outer wall of the preheater 7, and the intake pipeline extends in the up-down direction (that is, extends in the extension direction of the accommodating cavity 11), so that the top of the intake pipeline is connected to the accommodating cavity 11, and the bottom is connected to the installation cavity 71, so that the installation cavity 71 is connected with the accommodating cavity 11.

[0056] like Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, at least a portion of the second section 43 is located in the accommodating cavity 11 and extends in a direction from the bottom toward the top of the packaging container 1, so that the second section 43 exchanges heat with the high-temperature cathode exhaust gas in the accommodating cavity 11, that is, heat transfer occurs, thereby further making full use of the heat generated by the battery stack 2 and ensuring the preheating effect of the cathode gas (i.e., oxidant) in the cathode inlet pipe 4.

[0057] like Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the anode air inlet pipe 3 and the anode air outlet pipe 51 are arranged at intervals on the top of the battery stack 2, and at least a portion of the anode air inlet pipe 3 and at least a portion of the anode air outlet pipe 51 are located outside the packaging container 1.

[0058] The bottom of the battery stack 2 is separated from the inner bottom wall of the accommodating cavity 11 and the two are connected by a first support 8 to avoid direct contact between the bottom of the battery stack 2 and the inner bottom wall of the accommodating cavity 11, which would cause the overall temperature of the battery stack 2 to be inconsistent due to excessive heat dissipation at the bottom of the battery stack 2.

[0059] like Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the first support 8 includes a connected metal bottom plate 81 and a support column 82, the metal bottom plate 81 is connected to the bottom of the battery stack 2 and is provided with a through hole, so as to minimize the contact area between the metal bottom plate 81 and the bottom of the battery stack 2 on the basis of ensuring that the metal bottom plate 81 has sufficient support strength for the battery stack 2, thereby reducing the heat dissipation problem caused by heat transfer. The end of the support column 82 away from the metal bottom plate 81 is connected to the inner bottom wall of the accommodating cavity 11.

[0060] In some embodiments, at least one of the anode air inlet pipe 3 and the cathode air inlet pipe 4 is provided with a pressurizing device (not shown in the figure), which is used to pressurize the fuel gas flow or the oxidant gas flow so that the battery stack 2 can operate at a set pressure.

[0061] Furthermore, the set pressure is P, 1≤P≤3bar, wherein the set pressure can be, for example, 1bar, 1.5bar, 2bar, 2.5bar, 3bar, etc., but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values ​​within the numerical range are also applicable.

[0062] It is understandable that pressurization will improve the performance of the battery stack 2, but it will also bring risks of thermal runaway and gas leakage during actual operation. The performance gain of pressurization will gradually decrease with the increase of pressure, and the improvement is very small above 3 bar. Therefore, the present invention determines the operating pressure to be in the range of 1 bar to 3 bar.

[0063] like Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the power generation module further includes a heating tube 9, which spirally extends along the height direction of the packaging container 1 and surrounds the outer peripheral wall of the packaging container 1. The heating tube 9 is located in the sealed cavity and is used to heat the accommodating cavity 11 to provide heat to the battery stack 2 during the startup of the power generation module until the battery stack 2 reaches the operating temperature, and is closed during the stable operation stage of the battery stack 2, so that the battery stack 2 releases heat through electrochemical reactions to self-maintain the required heat. Since the heating tube 9 is wound around the packaging container 1, rapid heat supply and heating of the battery stack 2 can be ensured.

[0064] In some embodiments, the power generation module also includes a second support (not shown in the figure), which is installed at the bottom of the heat box 6. An insulating layer is provided between the second support and the bottom of the heat box 6 to reduce the heat loss caused by heat conduction due to the bottom of the power generation module contacting the outside world, resulting in the problem of too low temperature of the single cell 21 in the lower part of the battery stack 2.

[0065] Furthermore, the thermal insulation layer is a nano-microporous thermal insulation layer, or the thermal insulation layer is a nano-microporous thermal insulation board.

[0066] In some embodiments, the power generation module also includes a first temperature sensor (not shown in the figure), which is installed in the sealed cavity and arranged adjacent to the battery stack 2 to monitor the temperature of the battery stack 2. The air intake amount of the cathode air inlet pipe 4 to the battery stack 2 can be adjusted according to the temperature of the sealed cavity in the power generation module, and the excess heat of the battery stack 2 is taken away by excess air, thereby ensuring the uniformity of the internal temperature of the battery stack 2.

[0067] Specifically, there may be a plurality of first temperature sensors, which may be arranged, for example, at the top, middle or bottom of the heat box 6 (ie, in the sealed cavity) and adjacent to the battery stack 2 in the packaging container 1 .

[0068] In some embodiments, at least one of the anode air inlet pipe 3 and the cathode air inlet pipe 4 is provided with a second temperature sensor (not shown in the figure) so that the temperature of the gas in the anode air inlet pipe 3 or the cathode air inlet pipe 4 is measured by the second temperature sensor to ensure that the air intake temperature is close to the outlet temperature of the battery stack 2.

[0069] like Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments, the power generation module also includes a first test terminal 91 and a second test terminal 92, the first test terminal 91 is electrically connected to the anode of the battery stack 2, the second test terminal 92 is electrically connected to the cathode of the battery stack 2, at least a portion of the first test terminal 91 and at least a portion of the second test terminal 92 are both located outside the hot box 6, and the first test terminal 91 and the second test terminal 92 are both suitable for being electrically connected to an electrochemical workstation (wherein the first test terminal 91 is electrically connected to the positive electrode of the electrochemical workstation, and the second test terminal 92 is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the electrochemical workstation) to test the performance parameters of the battery stack 2.

[0070] Now, in combination with the specific structure of the solid oxide fuel cell power generation module, its working process is described as follows:

[0071] 1) In the initial startup phase, the heating tube 9 needs to be started first so that the heating tube 9 provides heat to the accommodating cavity 11 until the battery stack 2 is heated to the operating temperature;

[0072] 2) During the stable operation phase of the battery stack 2, the electrochemical reaction inside the battery stack 2 releases heat to maintain the temperature of the power generation module, and the heating tube 9 is turned off. Among them, the reformed gas or hydrogen is introduced into the battery stack 2 through the anode air inlet pipe 3, and the cathode air inlet pipe 4 preheats the air or pure oxygen in the preheater 7 to the set temperature range, and then is introduced into the battery stack 2, so that the introduced gas undergoes an electrochemical reaction inside the battery stack 2. In this process, since the battery stack 2 adopts a cathode open design, the high-temperature cathode tail gas will be discharged into the accommodating chamber 11 of the packaging container 1, and then enter the installation chamber 71 from the accommodating chamber 11 through the air inlet pipeline arranged upright on the preheater 7, flow outside the heat exchange coil, and after sufficient heat exchange with the cathode air inlet inside the heat exchange coil, it is discharged from the cathode outlet pipe 52. Finally, the anode high-temperature tail gas and the cathode high-temperature tail gas both enter the subsequent heat exchange components for further waste heat utilization. At the same time, the battery stack 2 can test the performance data of the battery stack 2 through the electrochemical workstation.

[0073] In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms “center”, “longitudinal”, “lateral”, “length”, “width”, “thickness”, “up”, “down”, “front”, “back”, “left”, “right”, “vertical”, “horizontal”, “top”, “bottom”, “inside”, “outside”, “clockwise”, “counterclockwise”, “axial”, “radial”, “circumferential”, etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0074] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0075] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral one; it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or communication with each other; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0076] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" or "above" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0077] In the present invention, the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" etc. mean that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the described specific features, structures, materials or characteristics may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.

[0078] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention. A person skilled in the art may change, modify, replace and vary the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A solid oxide fuel cell power generation module, characterized in that: include: A packaging container and a battery stack, wherein the packaging container has a receiving cavity for receiving the battery stack, the battery stack comprises a plurality of single cells stacked layer by layer and sequentially connected in series along a height direction of the packaging container, and the thickness direction of the single cells is consistent with the height direction of the packaging container; an anode air inlet pipe, a cathode air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe, wherein the anode air inlet pipe and the cathode air inlet pipe are both connected to the battery stack, the anode air inlet pipe is used to pass a fuel gas flow into the battery stack, the cathode air inlet pipe is used to pass an oxidant gas flow into the battery stack, so that the fuel and the oxidant undergo an electrochemical reaction inside the battery stack, and the air outlet pipe is connected to the battery stack and is used to discharge tail gas after the electrochemical reaction; as well as A heat box has a sealed cavity for accommodating the packaging container, at least a portion of the anode air inlet pipe, at least a portion of the cathode air inlet pipe and at least a portion of the air outlet pipe are all located outside the heat box.

2. The solid oxide fuel cell power generation module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner peripheral wall of the sealing cavity is provided with a heat insulation coating; And / or, the thermal insulation coating is a ceramic microbead high-temperature thermal insulation coating.

3. The solid oxide fuel cell power generation module according to claim 2, characterized in that: The heat box comprises a locking member and a plurality of heat-insulating plates, wherein the plurality of heat-insulating plates surround and form the sealing cavity, and any two adjacent heat-insulating plates are locked by the locking member; And / or, among any two adjacent insulation boards, one of the insulation boards is provided with a first contact surface, and the other insulation board is provided with a second contact surface, and the first contact surface and the second contact surface cooperate to form a seam, and the seam can be one of a stepped seam, a serrated seam and a wavy seam.

4. The solid oxide fuel cell power generation module according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The invention also comprises a preheater, which is installed at the bottom of the packaging container and located in the sealed cavity. At least a part of the cathode air inlet pipe is located in the preheater and is suitable for being preheated by the preheater.

5. The solid oxide fuel cell power generation module according to claim 4, characterized in that: The cathodes of all the single cells are connected to the accommodating cavity so that the high-temperature cathode tail gas after the electrochemical reaction directly enters the accommodating cavity.

6. The solid oxide fuel cell power generation module according to claim 5, characterized in that: The outlet pipe includes an anode outlet pipe and a cathode outlet pipe, the anode outlet pipe is connected to the battery stack and is used to discharge the anode exhaust gas after the electrochemical reaction, the accommodating chamber, the preheater and the cathode outlet pipe are connected in sequence to pass the high-temperature cathode exhaust gas after the electrochemical reaction into the preheater to preheat the cathode inlet pipe, and at least a part of the cathode outlet pipe is located outside the preheater.

7. The solid oxide fuel cell power generation module according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that: The preheater has an installation cavity, the cathode air inlet pipe comprises a first section, a heat exchange coil section and a second section which are connected in sequence, at least a portion of the first section is located outside the preheater, the heat exchange coil section is located in the installation cavity, and an end of the second section which is away from the heat exchange coil section is connected to the battery stack; And / or, at least a portion of the second section is located in the accommodating cavity and extends from the bottom toward the top of the packaging container, so that the second section exchanges heat with the high-temperature cathode tail gas in the accommodating cavity.

8. The solid oxide fuel cell power generation module according to claim 6, characterized in that: The anode air inlet pipe and the anode air outlet pipe are arranged at a distance from each other on the top of the battery stack, and at least a portion of the anode air inlet pipe and at least a portion of the anode air outlet pipe are located outside the packaging container; The bottom of the battery stack is spaced apart from the inner bottom wall of the accommodating cavity and the two are connected via a first support; And / or, the first support includes a connected metal base plate and pillars, the metal base plate is connected to the bottom of the battery stack and is provided with through holes to reduce the contact area between the metal base plate and the bottom of the battery stack, and the end of the pillar facing away from the metal base plate is connected to the inner bottom wall of the accommodating cavity.

9. The solid oxide fuel cell power generation module according to claim 1, characterized in that: A pressurizing device is provided on at least one of the anode air inlet pipe and the cathode air inlet pipe, and the pressurizing device is used to pressurize the fuel gas flow or the oxidant gas flow so that the cell stack can operate at a set pressure; And / or, the set pressure is P, 1≤P≤3 bar.

10. The solid oxide fuel cell power generation module according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a heating tube, which spirally extends along the height direction of the packaging container and surrounds the outer peripheral wall of the packaging container, and the heating tube is located in the sealed cavity and is used to heat the accommodating cavity; And / or, the power generation module further comprises a second support, the second support is mounted on the bottom of the heat box, and a heat insulation layer is provided between the second support and the bottom of the heat box; And / or, the thermal insulation layer is a nano-microporous thermal insulation layer, or the thermal insulation layer is a nano-microporous thermal insulation board.

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