Waveguide power dividing device with ridge on H surface and waveguide antenna

Abstract

The invention discloses a waveguide power dividing device with a ridge on an H surface and a waveguide antenna, and belongs to the technical field of antennae, the waveguide power dividing device comprises a waveguide power divider, the waveguide power divider adopts a T-shaped structure, the waveguide power divider is provided with a waveguide transmission line, a branch waveguide A and a branch waveguide B, and the ridge is arranged on the H surface of the waveguide power divider; the feed end of the waveguide transmission line is used for feeding, the radiation end of the branch waveguide A and the radiation end of the branch waveguide B are used for radiation, and the electric fields of the radiation end of the branch waveguide A and the radiation end of the branch waveguide B are in the same phase. According to the invention, the problem that the directions of electric fields are opposite when H-plane waveguide feed passes through a one-to-two power divider is solved. According to the waveguide antenna, the waveguide power divider with the H face and the ridge is adopted, the complex structure of waveguide E-to-H is simplified, and meanwhile the profile of the antenna can be further reduced; the waveguide antenna provided by the invention has the characteristics of ultra wide band, wide beam, low side lobe and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to an H-surface ridged waveguide power splitter and a waveguide antenna. Background Art

[0002] With the development of autonomous driving and assisted driving systems, there are higher requirements for detection distance and range. However, due to the constraints of antenna form, PCB insertion loss and overall radar size, traditional PCB antennas cannot provide radars with a longer detection distance. In addition, high-frequency PCB materials are expensive and PCB antennas are difficult to process, resulting in high costs.

[0003] The waveguide antenna has air insertion loss, which is much smaller than the dielectric insertion loss of the PCB. Compared with the PCB antenna, it can provide higher radiation efficiency. In addition, the waveguide antenna removes the high-frequency PCB board and complex PCB processing, which can effectively reduce costs. Therefore, the use of waveguide antennas in millimeter-wave radars has obvious advantages.

[0004] like Figure 3 It is an H-plane fed waveguide one-to-two power divider. Direct feeding with an H-plane waveguide has the following problems: when feeding from the feeding end A201, the electromagnetic wave is radiated from the radiation end A202 and the radiation end B203 through the power divider. Figure 4 The direction of the electric field at each port can be seen. It is obvious that the electric fields at the radiating end A202 and the radiating end B203 are opposite. If such a power divider is used in the antenna, it will cause split lobes in the antenna's elevation-dimension radiation pattern.

[0005] Based on this, the present invention designs an H-surface ridged waveguide power splitter and a waveguide antenna to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to solve the problem that the electric field directions are opposite when the H-plane waveguide feeding passes through a one-to-two power divider, the present invention provides an H-plane ridged waveguide power divider device and a waveguide antenna.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions:

[0008] An H-surface ridged waveguide power splitter device comprises a waveguide power splitter;

[0009] The waveguide power divider adopts a T-type structure. The waveguide power divider is provided with a waveguide transmission line, a branch waveguide A and a branch waveguide B. The H surface of the waveguide power divider is provided with a ridge. Power is fed from the feeding end of the waveguide transmission line, and radiation is radiated from the radiation end of the branch waveguide A and the radiation end of the branch waveguide B. The electric field of the radiation end of the branch waveguide A is in phase with the radiation end of the branch waveguide B.

[0010] Furthermore, the waveguide transmission line adopts a rectangular waveguide.

[0011] Furthermore, the ridge is a T-shaped ridge, which is located inside the T-shaped structure and distributed along the shape of the T-shaped structure.

[0012] Furthermore, the ridge adopts an I-shaped ridge, which is located inside the waveguide transmission line and distributed along the length direction of the waveguide transmission line. The top heights of the branch waveguide A and the branch waveguide B are higher than the top height of the waveguide transmission line. The branch waveguide A and the branch waveguide B are distributed on both sides of one end of the waveguide transmission line and are connected to the waveguide transmission line. The lower ends of the branch waveguides A and the branch waveguides B that are away from each other are both provided with curved waveguides.

[0013] In order to better achieve the purpose of the present invention, the present invention also provides a waveguide antenna, including an antenna body, an H-surface ridged waveguide power splitter, a waveguide cavity and multiple groups of antenna elements;

[0014] The waveguide cavity is located above the branch waveguide A and the branch waveguide B, and a plurality of groups of antenna elements distributed in an array are arranged at the upper end of the waveguide cavity.

[0015] Furthermore, the antenna elements include antenna element one, antenna element two, antenna element three and antenna element four.

[0016] Furthermore, the antenna element 1, the antenna element 2, the antenna element 3, and the antenna element 4 all adopt a rectangular open waveguide or a horn-shaped open waveguide, and the radiation aperture is in a rectangular shape.

[0017] Furthermore, the sizes of the antenna element one, the antenna element two, the antenna element three, and the antenna element four may be the same.

[0018] Furthermore, the sizes of the antenna element one, the antenna element two, the antenna element three, and the antenna element four are different.

[0019] Furthermore, the waveguide antenna has an S 11 <-10dB, the relative bandwidth of the standing wave is 15.1%, the radiation efficiency in the 70-85GHz band is higher than 96%, the HPBW in the 76-81GHz band is greater than 145°, the beam pointing in the 76-81GHz band is 0°, and the sidelobe level is less than -22.5dB.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention solves the problem that the electric field directions are opposite when the H-plane waveguide feeding passes through a one-to-two power divider.

[0021] 2. The waveguide antenna of the present invention adopts an H-surface plus ridge waveguide power divider, which simplifies the complex structure of the waveguide E to H and can further reduce the cross-section of the antenna; the waveguide antenna of the present invention has the characteristics of ultra-wideband, wide beam, low side lobe, etc., can achieve high radiation efficiency, and has stable antenna pitch beam pointing and low side lobe in the 76-81GHz frequency band. In the 76-81GHz frequency band, HPBW is greater than 145° and has good consistency.

[0022] 3. The present invention increases the standing wave and gain bandwidth of the antenna, thereby reducing the requirements for processing accuracy and further reducing the cost of the waveguide antenna. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the waveguide antenna structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the air cavity structure in the waveguide antenna of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of a waveguide one-to-two power divider fed by H-plane;

[0027] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the electric field direction of the waveguide one-to-two power divider fed by the H-plane;

[0028] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure of a T-type power divider with a ridge added to the H surface;

[0029] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the electric field direction of a T-type power divider with a ridge on the H-surface;

[0030] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure of a T-type power divider with an H-surface and ridge bending;

[0031] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the electric field direction of a T-type power divider with an H-surface and ridge bending;

[0032] Fig. 9 is a standing wave diagram of the waveguide antenna of the present invention;

[0033] Fig.10 is a radiation efficiency diagram of the waveguide antenna of the present invention;

[0034] Fig.11is the azimuth dimension radiation pattern of the waveguide antenna of the present invention at 76-81 GHz;

[0035] Fig.12 It is the elevation-dimension radiation pattern of the waveguide antenna of the present invention at 76-81 GHz.

[0036] The numbers in the figure represent:

[0037] 1. Waveguide power divider; 100. Waveguide transmission line; 101. Ridge; 102. Branch waveguide A; 103. Branch waveguide B; 104. Waveguide cavity; 105. Antenna element one; 106. Antenna element two; 107. Antenna element three; 108. Antenna element four; 109. Bend waveguide; 201. Feeding end A; 202. Radiating end A; 203. Radiating end B; 204. Feeding end B; 205. Radiating end C; 206. Radiating end D; 207. Feeding end C; 208. Radiating end E; 209. Radiating end F; 2. Antenna body; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] Embodiment 1: In some embodiments, an H-surface ridged waveguide power splitter device includes a waveguide power splitter 1;

[0040] The waveguide power divider 1 is provided with a waveguide transmission line 100, a branch waveguide A 102 and a branch waveguide B 103, and the H surface of the waveguide power divider 1 is provided with a ridge 101;

[0041] The waveguide transmission line 100 is used for transmitting and receiving signals; preferably, the waveguide transmission line 100 adopts a rectangular waveguide;

[0042] like Figure 5-Figure 6 As shown, preferably, the waveguide power divider 1 adopts a T-shaped structure, and the ridge 101 adopts a T-shaped ridge, which is located inside the T-shaped structure and distributed along the shape of the T-shaped structure. After the waveguide power divider 1 is added with the ridge 101, it is fed from the feeding end B204 of the waveguide transmission line 100, and radiated from the radiation end C205 of the branch waveguide A102 and the radiation end D206 of the branch waveguide B103, and the electric fields of the radiation end C205 and the radiation end D206 are in phase (for a narrow-edge one-to-two power divider, the electric fields of the two ports are opposite, and adding a ridge in the narrow edge can change the electric field to be in phase).

[0043] The present invention solves the problem that the electric field directions are opposite when H-plane waveguide feeding passes through a one-to-two power divider.

[0044] Embodiment 2: In some embodiments, Figure 7-Figure 8 As shown, the waveguide power divider 1 adopts a T-type structure, and the waveguide power divider 1 is further bent. The ridge 101 adopts a straight-line ridge, and the straight-line ridge is located inside the waveguide transmission line 100 and distributed along the length direction of the waveguide transmission line 100. The top heights of the branch waveguide A102 and the branch waveguide B103 are both higher than the top height of the waveguide transmission line 100. The branch waveguide A102 and the branch waveguide B103 are distributed on both sides of one end of the waveguide transmission line 100 and are connected to the waveguide transmission line 100. The lower ends of the branch waveguides A102 and B103 that are away from each other are both provided with curved waveguides 109. After the waveguide power divider 1 is added with the ridge 101, power is fed from the feeding end C207 of the waveguide transmission line 100, and radiated from the radiation end E208 of the branch waveguide A102 and the radiation end F209 of the branch waveguide B103, and the electric fields of the radiation end E208 and the radiation end F209 are in phase. The purpose of bending the waveguide power divider 1 is mainly to achieve parallel feeding, so that the antenna can obtain a larger bandwidth.

[0045] Embodiment 3: In some embodiments, Figure 1-Figure 2 As shown, a waveguide antenna comprises an antenna body 2, a waveguide power divider 1, a waveguide cavity 104 and a plurality of antenna elements;

[0046] The waveguide cavity 104 is located above the branch waveguide A 102 and the branch waveguide B 103 , and a plurality of groups of antenna elements distributed in an array are arranged at the upper end of the waveguide cavity 104 ;

[0047] Preferably, the antenna elements include antenna element one 105, antenna element two 106, antenna element three 107 and antenna element four 108;

[0048] Preferably, the antenna element 1 105, the antenna element 2 106, the antenna element 3 107, and the antenna element 4 108 all adopt a rectangular open waveguide or a horn-shaped open waveguide, and the radiation aperture is rectangular in shape;

[0049] Preferably, the sizes of the antenna element 1 105, the antenna element 2 106, the antenna element 3 107, and the antenna element 4 108 may be the same or different, and may be adjusted as needed to achieve the distribution of electromagnetic wave energy; at the same time, the number and arrangement of the antenna elements may also be increased or decreased as needed;

[0050] The energy distribution of electromagnetic waves can be achieved through the cooperation of branch waveguide A 102 , branch waveguide B 103 and waveguide cavity 104 , and can also be achieved through the cooperation of antenna element one 105 , antenna element two 106 , antenna element three 107 and antenna element four 108 .

[0051] from Fig. 9 It can be seen that the waveguide antenna of the present invention has an S 11 <-10dB, the relative bandwidth of the standing wave is 15.1% (λ=78.5GHz);

[0052] from Fig.10 It can be seen that the radiation efficiency of the waveguide antenna of the present invention is higher than 96% in the 70-85 GHz frequency band;

[0053] from Fig.11 It can be seen that the HPBW (half-power width of beamforming) of the waveguide antenna of the present invention in the 76-81 GHz frequency band is greater than 145°, and the consistency is very good;

[0054] from Fig.11 It can be seen that, in the frequency band of 76-81 GHz, the beam of the waveguide antenna of the present invention is directed to 0°, and the side lobe level is less than -22.5 dB on average.

[0055] The waveguide antenna of the present invention adopts an H-surface plus ridge waveguide power divider, which simplifies the complex structure of the waveguide E to H and can further reduce the cross-section of the antenna; the waveguide antenna of the present invention has the characteristics of ultra-wideband, wide beam, low side lobe, etc., can achieve high radiation efficiency, and has stable antenna pitch beam pointing and low side lobe in the 76-81GHz frequency band. In the 76-81GHz frequency band, HPBW is greater than 145° and has good consistency.

[0056] The present invention increases the standing wave and gain bandwidth of the antenna, thereby reducing the requirements for processing accuracy and further reducing the cost of the waveguide antenna.

[0057] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some of the technical features may be replaced by equivalents. Such modifications or replacements will not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A waveguide power splitter device with an H-surface and a ridge, comprising a waveguide power splitter (1), characterized in that: The waveguide power divider (1) adopts a T-type structure. The waveguide power divider (1) is provided with a waveguide transmission line (100), a branch waveguide A (102) and a branch waveguide B (103). The H surface of the waveguide power divider (1) is provided with a ridge (101). Power is fed from the feeding end of the waveguide transmission line (100), and radiation is radiated from the radiation end of the branch waveguide A (102) and the radiation end of the branch waveguide B (103). The electric fields of the radiation end of the branch waveguide A (102) and the radiation end of the branch waveguide B (103) are in phase.

2. The H-surface ridged waveguide power splitter device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The waveguide transmission line (100) adopts a rectangular waveguide.

3. The H-surface ridged waveguide power splitter device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The ridge (101) is a T-shaped ridge, which is located inside the T-shaped structure and distributed along the shape of the T-shaped structure.

4. The H-surface ridged waveguide power splitter device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The ridge (101) is an inline ridge, the inline ridge is located inside the waveguide transmission line (100) and is distributed along the length direction of the waveguide transmission line (100), the top heights of the branch waveguide A (102) and the branch waveguide B (103) are both higher than the top height of the waveguide transmission line (100), the branch waveguide A (102) and the branch waveguide B (103) are distributed on both sides of one end of the waveguide transmission line (100) and are connected to the waveguide transmission line (100), and a curved waveguide (109) is provided at the lower ends of the sides of the branch waveguide A (102) and the branch waveguide B (103) that are away from each other.

5. A waveguide antenna, characterized in that: It comprises an antenna body (2), an H-surface ridged waveguide power splitter device as claimed in claim 3 or 4, a waveguide cavity (104) and a plurality of antenna elements; The waveguide cavity (104) is located above the branch waveguide A (102) and the branch waveguide B (103), and a plurality of groups of antenna elements distributed in an array are arranged at the upper end of the waveguide cavity (104).

6. The waveguide antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that: The antenna elements include antenna element one (105), antenna element two (106), antenna element three (107) and antenna element four (108).

7. The waveguide antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that: The antenna element one (105), antenna element two (106), antenna element three (107), and antenna element four (108) all use a rectangular open waveguide or a horn-shaped open waveguide, and the radiation aperture is in a rectangular shape.

8. The waveguide antenna according to claim 7, characterized in that: The sizes of the antenna element one (105), the antenna element two (106), the antenna element three (107), and the antenna element four (108) may be the same.

9. The waveguide antenna according to claim 7, characterized in that: The sizes of the antenna element one (105), antenna element two (106), antenna element three (107), and antenna element four (108) are different.

10. The waveguide antenna according to claim 9, characterized in that: The waveguide antenna is S in the 70-85 GHz frequency band 11 <-10dB, the relative bandwidth of the standing wave is 15.1%, the radiation efficiency in the 70-85GHz band is higher than 96%, the HPBW in the 76-81GHz band is greater than 145°, the beam pointing in the 76-81GHz band is 0°, and the sidelobe level is less than -22.5dB.

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