Variable pre-tightening system of main shaft system and lathe

Abstract

The invention discloses a variable pre-tightening system of a main shaft system and a lathe, and the variable pre-tightening system comprises a shaft core which is of a columnar structure; the shaft core is sleeved with the bearing; the periphery of the bearing is sleeved with the bearing chamber; the bearing seat is arranged on the periphery of the bearing chamber in a sleeving mode, a first groove is formed in the inner circumference of the bearing seat, the first groove is matched with the outer wall of the bearing chamber to form a pressure cavity, and a through hole communicating with the pressure cavity is further formed in the bearing seat; and the pressure adjusting assembly is arranged in the through hole, and the pressure adjusting assembly is used for applying pressure to the bearing chamber. According to the variable pre-tightening system of the main shaft system and the lathe, pressure is applied into the pressure cavity through the pressure adjusting assembly, namely, pressure is applied to the bearing chamber and the bearing, so that the pre-tightening force of the bearing is adjusted, and the machining requirements of different working conditions are met; and the reduction of the machining precision and the service life of the main shaft caused by single pre-tightening force operation is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of milling lathe structure, and more specifically, to a spindle shaft system variable preload system. In addition, the present invention also relates to a lathe comprising the spindle shaft system variable preload system. Background Art

[0002] In the current market, most of the spindles used in the lathe and milling machine industry use constant pressure preload and positioning preload. During the processing, different parts have different materials and hardness. The processing conditions required for processing materials of different materials and hardness are different, including at least the best processing speed and processing stiffness. For example, the best processing speed and processing stiffness of steel and aluminum parts on lathes are different. In long-term cutting and milling work, the preload force is usually fixed. However, the use of a single preload force for a long time in different working conditions will cause the internal functional structure of the spindle to be damaged, thereby affecting the processing accuracy and service life.

[0003] In summary, how to avoid the reduction of the machining accuracy and service life of the spindle due to the use of a single preload force operation is an urgent problem to be solved by technical personnel in this field. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, an object of the present invention is to provide a variable preload system for a spindle shaft system, which can achieve pressure regulation of a bearing chamber and a bearing through a pressure regulating component.

[0005] Another object of the present invention is to provide a lathe comprising the above-mentioned spindle shaft system variable preload system.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A variable preload system for a main shaft system, comprising:

[0008] The shaft core is a columnar structure;

[0009] A bearing, sleeved on the shaft core;

[0010] A bearing chamber, sleeved on the outer periphery of the bearing;

[0011] A bearing seat is sleeved on the outer periphery of the bearing chamber, the inner periphery of the bearing seat is provided with a first groove, the first groove cooperates with the outer wall of the bearing chamber to form a pressure chamber, and the bearing seat is also provided with a through hole communicating with the pressure chamber;

[0012] A pressure regulating component is arranged in the through hole, and the pressure regulating component is used to apply pressure to the bearing chamber.

[0013] Preferably, at least three bearings are provided, and at least three bearings are evenly arranged along the center line of the shaft core, and the bearing chamber is provided with a clamping protrusion extending toward the shaft core and used for clamping the bearing.

[0014] Preferably, a second groove is further provided on the inner periphery of the bearing seat, and the second groove and the first groove are arranged in sequence along the axial direction of the bearing seat. The second groove and the outer periphery of the bearing chamber form an accommodating cavity, and a ball assembly is arranged in the accommodating cavity. The ball assembly includes a plurality of balls arranged in sequence along the axial direction of the bearing seat.

[0015] Preferably, a limiting groove is provided on the bearing seat, an elastic member is provided in the limiting groove, the elastic member is abutted against the bearing chamber along the axial direction of the shaft core, an adjustment component is provided on the shaft core, and the adjustment component is used to push the bearing and the bearing chamber to move axially along the shaft core.

[0016] Preferably, the outer periphery of the shaft core is provided with threads, and the adjusting component is a nut.

[0017] Preferably, the pressure regulating component is an air supply component, the air supply component is connected to the through hole via a pipeline, and a sealing component is provided at the connection between the pipeline and the through hole.

[0018] Preferably, two sealing rings are provided between the bearing seat and the bearing chamber, and the two sealing rings are respectively arranged on both sides of the pressure chamber.

[0019] Preferably, the pressure regulating assembly comprises a motor and a pressure block, wherein the pressure block is arranged in the first groove, and the pressure block is detachably connected to the output end of the motor.

[0020] Preferably, the motor is a linear motor, and the linear motor is connected to a pressure sensor, and the pressure sensor is used to detect the output pressure of the linear motor.

[0021] A lathe comprises a variable pre-tightening system for a spindle shaft system, wherein the variable pre-tightening system for a spindle shaft system is any one of the variable pre-tightening systems for a spindle shaft system mentioned above.

[0022] The present invention provides a variable preload system for a spindle shaft system, in which a bearing, a bearing chamber and a bearing seat are sequentially sleeved on the outside of a shaft core of the system, a first groove is arranged between the bearing seat and the bearing chamber, the first groove is connected with a through hole, and the through hole is connected with a pressure regulating component, and pressure can be applied to the first groove through the pressure regulating component, that is, pressure is applied to the bearing chamber and the bearing, thereby adjusting the bearing preload force to adapt to the processing requirements of different working conditions and avoid a decrease in the processing accuracy and service life of the spindle due to the use of a single preload force operation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying creative work.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of the variable preload system of the spindle shaft system provided by the present invention.

[0025] Reference numerals:

[0026] 1-shaft core; 2-bearing; 3-bearing chamber; 4-bearing seat; 5-pressure chamber; 6-through hole; 7-ball assembly; 8-elastic member; 9-nut; 10-sealing ring; 11-accommodating chamber. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] The core of the present invention is to provide a variable preload system for a main shaft system, which can realize pressure regulation of a bearing chamber and a bearing.

[0029] Another core of the present invention is to provide a lathe including the above-mentioned spindle shaft system variable preload system.

[0030] It should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by “upper”, “lower”, “front”, “back”, etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0031] The present application provides a spindle shaft system variable preload system, comprising: a shaft core 1, a bearing 2, a bearing chamber 3, a bearing seat 4 and a pressure regulating assembly;

[0032] Wherein, the shaft core 1 is a columnar structure;

[0033] The bearing 2 is sleeved on the shaft core 1; the bearing chamber 3 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the bearing 2;

[0034] The bearing seat 4 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the bearing chamber 3. The inner periphery of the bearing seat 4 is provided with a first groove. The first groove cooperates with the outer wall of the bearing chamber 3 to form a pressure chamber 5. The bearing seat 4 is also provided with a through hole 6 connected with the pressure chamber 5.

[0035] The pressure regulating assembly is disposed in the through hole 6 , and is used to apply pressure to the bearing chamber 3 .

[0036] For details, please refer to the attached Figure 1 The shaft core 1 is generally a cylindrical structure, and its outer circumference is sequentially sleeved with a bearing 2, a bearing chamber 3 and a bearing seat 4. For the bearing seat 4, the bearing seat 4 is generally fixed to the spindle body and cannot be moved. Therefore, the relative position of the bearing seat 4 and the shaft core 1 can be maintained fixed, and a first groove is provided on the inner circumference of the bearing seat 4. The first groove is fitted with the bearing chamber 3. The first groove cooperates with the outer wall of the bearing chamber 3 to form a pressure chamber. The pressure chamber is relatively independent of the outside to form a closed structure. A through hole is opened on the bearing seat 4 in the pressure chamber. The pressure regulating component can apply pressure to the pressure chamber. The pressure regulating component directly acts on the bearing chamber 3. The bearing chamber 3 can apply the pressure to the bearing 2, thereby changing the preload force of the bearing 2 to adapt to the processing requirements of different working conditions and avoid the decrease in the processing accuracy and service life of the spindle due to the use of a single preload force operation.

[0037] Optionally, the shaft core may be a stepped shaft structure or the like.

[0038] On the basis of the above embodiment, at least three bearings 2 are provided, and the at least three bearings 2 are evenly arranged along the center line of the shaft core 1 , and the bearing chamber 3 is provided with a clamping protrusion extending toward the shaft core 1 and used to clamp the bearing 2 .

[0039] Specifically, as attached Figure 1 As shown, at least three bearings 2 are provided. In this embodiment, the three bearings 2 are closely arranged along the outer circumference of the shaft core 1, and the sum of the lengths of the three bearings 2 on the central axis of the shaft core 1 is less than the length of the bearing chamber 3. For the bearing chamber 3, a snap-fit ​​protrusion is provided on the left side thereof, and the snap-fit ​​protrusion extends toward the direction of the shaft core 1, thereby limiting the bearing 2 and preventing the bearing 2 from sliding along the shaft core 1.

[0040] On the basis of the above embodiment, a second groove is further provided on the inner periphery of the bearing seat 4. The second groove and the first groove are arranged in sequence along the axial direction of the bearing seat 4. The second groove and the outer periphery of the bearing chamber 3 form an accommodating cavity 11. A ball assembly 7 is arranged in the accommodating cavity 11. The ball assembly 7 includes a plurality of balls arranged in sequence along the axial direction of the bearing seat 4.

[0041] Specifically, in addition to the first groove, the inner circumference of the bearing seat 4 is also provided with a second groove. The second groove is arranged on the left side of the first groove. The second groove and the outer wall surface of the bearing chamber 3 form a receiving cavity 11. A ball assembly 7, that is, a plurality of balls, is arranged in the receiving cavity 11. The diameter of the ball is the same as the depth of the second groove to ensure that the ball can abut against the bearing seat 4 and the bearing chamber 3 at the same time. When the bearing chamber 3 moves left and right along the shaft core 1, the sliding friction between the bearing chamber 3 and the bearing seat 4 is converted into rolling friction, which can reduce friction and increase the service life of the equipment.

[0042] It should be noted that the shaft core 1, bearing 2 and nut 9 will rotate with the shaft core 1 as the central axis during operation, and the other components will not rotate. When the bearing 2 is in operation, its inner ring rotates with the shaft core 1, and the outer ring contacts the bearing chamber 3 and remains fixed.

[0043] On the basis of the above embodiment, a limiting groove is provided on the bearing seat 4, an elastic member 8 is provided in the limiting groove, the elastic member is abutted against the bearing chamber 3 along the axial direction of the shaft core 1, and an adjustment component is provided on the shaft core 1, and the adjustment component is used to push the bearing 2 and the bearing chamber 3 to move axially along the shaft core 1.

[0044] Specifically, the limiting groove is perpendicular to the opening direction of the first groove and the second groove. Figure 1 As shown, a limiting groove is arranged on the left side inside the bearing seat 4, and an elastic member 8 is arranged in the limiting groove. The two sides of the elastic member 8 are respectively connected to the bearing chamber 3 and the bearing seat 4. An adjusting component is also arranged on the shaft core 1, and the adjusting component is arranged on the right side of the bearing 2. The bearing 2 can be pushed to slide left and right along the shaft core 1 through the adjusting component. Since a clamping protrusion for limiting the bearing 2 is also arranged on the bearing chamber 3, the bearing 2 can push the bearing chamber 3 while being pushed by the adjusting component. The bearing chamber 3 can exert pressure on the elastic member 8. The elastic member 8 is generally a spring. When the spring reaches the specified compression state, the system is in the first working state, that is, the fixed pressure preload working state.

[0045] On the basis of the above embodiment, the outer periphery of the shaft core 1 is provided with threads, and the adjusting component is a nut 9 .

[0046] Specifically, threads and scales are provided on the outer periphery of the shaft core 1, and the adjustment component is a nut that cooperates with the shaft core 1. By rotating the nut to a specified scale, the spring can reach a specified compression state. The scale marking can more intuitively observe whether the spring reaches a constant pressure pre-tightening state.

[0047] In some embodiments, the pressure regulating component is an air supply component, the air supply component is connected to the through hole 6 through a pipeline, and a sealing component is provided at the connection between the pipeline and the through hole 6.

[0048] Specifically, the pressure regulating component uses an air supply component or a liquid supply component. The air supply component or the liquid supply component can introduce gas or liquid into the pressure chamber. The gas is generally compressed air, and the liquid is generally hydraulic oil. A sealing component is provided at the connection between the pipeline and the through hole 6. For the air supply component and the liquid supply component, a flow monitor should be provided. The flow monitor can determine the flow rate of the gas or liquid introduced into the pressure chamber. Different pressures correspond to different flow rates to achieve the regulation of different preload forces and adapt to the processing requirements of different working conditions.

[0049] On the basis of the above-mentioned embodiment, two sealing rings 10 are provided between the bearing seat 4 and the bearing chamber 3 , and the two sealing rings 10 are respectively provided on both sides of the pressure chamber 5 .

[0050] For details, please refer to the attached Figure 1 Since the bearing seat 4 and the bearing chamber 3 will slide relative to each other in the left and right directions, an annular groove is respectively provided on the bearing seat 4 and the bearing chamber 3. The annular groove provided on the bearing seat 4 is provided on the left side of the pressure chamber, and the annular groove on the bearing chamber 3 is provided on the right side of the pressure chamber. The sealing ring 10 provided in the two annular grooves can prevent the gas or liquid introduced into the pressure chamber from the liquid supply component or the gas supply component.

[0051] In some embodiments, the pressure regulating assembly includes a motor and a pressure block, wherein the pressure block is disposed in the first groove, and the pressure block is detachably connected to an output end of the motor.

[0052] Specifically, the aforementioned air supply component and liquid supply component can be replaced by a motor and a pressure block. The motor here is specifically a linear motor. The motor is arranged outside the bearing seat 4, and the pressure block is arranged in the pressure chamber. The shape and size of the pressure block are adapted to the pressure chamber. The output end of the motor can be connected to the pressure block through the through hole 6. The motor drives the pressure block to apply pressure to the bearing chamber 3 and the bearing 2, which can achieve the same technical effect as mentioned above. By controlling the output pressure of the motor, the preload force of the bearing 2 can be controlled.

[0053] On the basis of the above embodiment, the motor is a linear motor, the linear motor is connected to a pressure sensor, and the pressure sensor is used to detect the output pressure of the linear motor.

[0054] Specifically, the motor is generally a linear motor, which drives the pressure block to move linearly along the through hole 6. In addition, the output end of the linear motor is connected to the pressure sensor, and the output pressure of the linear motor can be directly detected by the pressure sensor. The output pressure of the linear motor can be observed intuitively, which is convenient for the operator to adjust the output pressure according to different working conditions.

[0055] Optionally, a control system connected to the pressure sensor and the linear motor may be additionally provided. The control system can adjust the pressure of the linear motor according to different working conditions, thereby reducing the workload of the operator.

[0056] In addition to the above-mentioned spindle shaft variable preload system, the present invention also provides a lathe including the spindle shaft variable preload system disclosed in the above-mentioned embodiment. For the structures of other parts of the lathe, please refer to the prior art and will not be described in detail herein.

[0057] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0058] The above is a detailed introduction to a spindle shaft system variable preload system and a lathe provided by the present invention. This article uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method of the present invention and its core idea. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can be made to the present invention, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A variable preload system for a main shaft, characterized in that: include: The shaft core (1) is a columnar structure; A bearing (2) sleeved on the shaft core (1); A bearing chamber (3) sleeved on the outer circumference of the bearing (2); A bearing seat (4) is sleeved on the outer circumference of the bearing chamber (3); a first groove is provided on the inner circumference of the bearing seat (4); the first groove cooperates with the outer wall of the bearing chamber (3) to form a pressure chamber (5); and a through hole (6) communicating with the pressure chamber (5) is also provided on the bearing seat (4); A pressure regulating component is arranged in the through hole (6), and the pressure regulating component is used to apply pressure to the bearing chamber (3).

2. The spindle shaft system variable preload system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: At least three bearings (2) are provided, and at least three bearings (2) are evenly arranged along the center line of the shaft core (1), and the bearing chamber (3) is provided with a clamping protrusion extending toward the shaft core (1) and used for clamping the bearing (2).

3. The spindle shaft system variable preload system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inner circumference of the bearing seat (4) is also provided with a second groove, the second groove and the first groove are arranged in sequence along the axial direction of the bearing seat (4), the second groove and the outer circumference of the bearing chamber (3) form an accommodating cavity (11), a ball assembly (7) is arranged in the accommodating cavity (11), and the ball assembly (7) includes a plurality of balls arranged in sequence along the axial direction of the bearing seat (4).

4. The spindle shaft system variable preload system according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The bearing seat (4) is provided with a limiting groove, an elastic member (8) is arranged in the limiting groove, the elastic member and the bearing chamber (3) are arranged to abut against each other along the axial direction of the shaft core (1), and an adjustment component is arranged on the shaft core (1), and the adjustment component is used to push the bearing (2) and the bearing chamber (3) to move along the axial direction of the shaft core (1).

5. The spindle shaft system variable preload system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The outer periphery of the shaft core (1) is provided with threads, and the adjustment component is a nut (9).

6. The spindle shaft system variable preload system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The pressure regulating component is an air supply component, the air supply component is connected to the through hole (6) via a pipeline, and a sealing component is provided at the connection between the pipeline and the through hole (6).

7. The spindle shaft system variable preload system according to claim 6, characterized in that: Two sealing rings (10) are provided between the bearing seat (4) and the bearing chamber (3), and the two sealing rings (10) are respectively arranged on both sides of the pressure chamber (5).

8. The spindle shaft system variable preload system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The pressure regulating assembly includes a motor and a pressure block. The pressure block is arranged in the first groove, and the pressure block is detachably connected to the output end of the motor.

9. The spindle shaft system variable preload system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The motor is a linear motor, and the linear motor is connected to a pressure sensor, and the pressure sensor is used to detect the output pressure of the linear motor.

10. A lathe, comprising a spindle shaft variable preload system, characterized in that: The variable preload system for the main shaft system is the variable preload system for the main shaft system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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