Linkage system and method for air curtain and smoke exhaust in tunnel fire based on PID (Proportion Integration Differentiation) control

Abstract

The invention provides an air curtain and smoke exhaust linkage system and method in a tunnel fire based on PID control, the system comprises an air curtain air supply system, a mechanical smoke exhaust system, a detection device and a PID linkage control unit, and the PID linkage control unit is electrically connected with the air curtain air supply system, the mechanical smoke exhaust linkage control system and the detection device; the air curtain air supply system and the mechanical smoke exhaust systems are arranged at the top of the tunnel at intervals in the length direction of the tunnel, the mechanical smoke exhaust systems are distributed on the two sides of the air curtain air supply system, the detection device comprises space temperature detection devices, and the space temperature detection devices are arranged on the two sides of the air curtain air supply system; the PID linkage control unit controls the air supply speed of the air curtain air supply system and the air exhaust speed of the mechanical smoke exhaust linkage control system in a linkage mode at the same time according to a detection signal of the space temperature detection device. The environment temperature and the smoke concentration can be effectively controlled, personnel safety can be guaranteed, and personnel emergency evacuation is facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fire control, and in particular to a linkage system and method of air curtain and smoke exhaust in tunnel fire based on PID control. Background Art

[0002] Tunnel fires can cause extremely destructive and dangerous consequences. Due to its special structure and environmental conditions, smoke and heat spread rapidly during fires, which makes it extremely difficult to evacuate personnel and extinguish fires. Therefore, it is of great significance to study how to effectively prevent and control smoke.

[0003] With the rapid development of tunnel construction, centralized smoke exhaust is an efficient smoke exhaust method and has been widely used in highway tunnels around the world. The top centralized smoke exhaust system can timely control and exhaust the smoke in the tunnel, and has been widely studied by scholars recently. However, if the exhaust speed is too high, a large amount of fresh air will be directly sucked into the exhaust port, resulting in a sharp decrease in smoke exhaust efficiency.

[0004] Therefore, research on how to optimize centralized smoke exhaust in tunnels is of great practical significance and urgency. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a linkage system and method of air curtain and smoke exhaust in tunnel fire based on PID control, which effectively controls the ambient temperature and smoke concentration through joint control of air curtain and mechanical smoke exhaust.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a linkage system of air curtain and smoke exhaust in a tunnel fire based on PID control, comprising an air curtain air supply system, a mechanical smoke exhaust system, a detection device and a PID linkage control unit, wherein the PID linkage control unit is electrically connected to the air curtain air supply system, the mechanical smoke exhaust linkage control system and the detection device respectively;

[0008] The air curtain air supply system and the mechanical smoke exhaust system are both arranged at intervals at the top of the tunnel along the length direction of the tunnel, the mechanical smoke exhaust system is distributed on both sides of the air curtain air supply system, and the detection device includes a space temperature detection device, which is arranged on both sides of the air curtain air supply system;

[0009] The PID linkage control unit simultaneously controls the air supply speed of the air curtain air supply system and the exhaust speed of the mechanical smoke exhaust linkage control system according to the detection signal of the space temperature detection device.

[0010] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: by detecting the temperatures on both sides of the air curtain air supply system through the space temperature detection equipment, the air supply speed of the air curtain air supply system and the exhaust speed of the mechanical smoke exhaust linkage control system are linked and controlled, so that the smoke control effect between the tunnel fire places is better, and the temperature outside the air curtain control area is quickly reduced to the ambient temperature, thereby effectively controlling the ambient temperature and smoke concentration, which can ensure the safety of personnel and facilitate emergency evacuation of personnel.

[0011] Optionally, the air curtain air supply system comprises an air outlet, a guide assembly, an air flow chamber and an air supply fan, wherein the air outlet is arranged transversely along the width direction of the tunnel, the guide assembly is arranged on the air outlet, the air flow chamber is arranged on a side of the air outlet away from the tunnel, and the air supply fan is connected to the air flow chamber;

[0012] The air supply fan is electrically connected to the PID linkage control unit.

[0013] Optionally, the guide assembly includes an adjustment mechanism and a guide blade group, the adjustment mechanism is connected to the guide blade group, the adjustment mechanism drives the guide blade group to move left and right to a preset angle, and the guide blade groups on two adjacent air curtain air supply systems have opposite angles when working.

[0014] Optionally, the preset angle is the angle between the guide blade group and the vertical downward direction, which ranges from 25 to 35°.

[0015] According to the above description, if the jet angle is too large, smoke will easily escape from the bottom of the air curtain. If the jet angle is too small, it will affect the smoke exhaust efficiency.

[0016] Optionally, the mechanical smoke exhaust system includes a smoke exhaust port, a smoke exhaust duct and a smoke exhaust fan, and the smoke exhaust fan is connected to the smoke exhaust port through the smoke exhaust duct.

[0017] Optionally, the mechanical smoke exhaust system is distributed at X meters on both sides of the air curtain air supply system, and the two air curtain air supply systems are 4X meters apart. The space temperature detection equipment is arranged within X meters on both sides of the air curtain air supply system to detect the average space temperature from the location of the air curtain air supply system to the side X away from the fire source, where X is 15-25.

[0018] Optionally, the detection device also includes a wind speed detection device, a temperature sensor and a gas sensor. The wind speed detection device is arranged at a position corresponding to the mechanical smoke exhaust system and the air curtain air supply system. The temperature sensor and the gas sensor are arranged at intervals at the top of the tunnel along the length direction of the tunnel.

[0019] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a linkage method for air curtain and smoke exhaust in a tunnel fire based on PID control, using the linkage system for air curtain and smoke exhaust in a tunnel fire based on PID control according to the first aspect, comprising the following steps:

[0020] S1. When a fire occurs in the tunnel, the real-time temperature rise value is detected by the space temperature detection device, and the real-time temperature rise value is fed back to the PID linkage control unit to open the air curtain air supply system on both sides of the fire source, thereby forming a full-section separation air curtain on the left and right sides of the fire source;

[0021] S2, PID linkage control unit synchronously turns on the mechanical smoke exhaust system to discharge the smoke from the fire out of the tunnel, so that the smoke content in the tunnel decreases;

[0022] S3, the PID linkage control unit performs linkage control on the air supply speed of the air curtain air supply system and the exhaust speed of the mechanical smoke exhaust linkage control system according to the real-time temperature rise value, wherein the control formula of the PID linkage control unit is:

[0023]

[0024] e(t)=T d (t)-T t

[0025] Wherein, v(t) is the air supply speed of the air curtain air supply system; u(t) is the output of the PID controller; K p is the proportional controller coefficient; K i is the integral controller coefficient; K d is the derivative controller coefficient; e(t) is the difference between the detected value and the target value, that is, the real-time temperature rise value, T d (t) is the real-time detected temperature of the detection area of ​​the space temperature detection device, and the detection area is the space on one side of the air curtain air supply system away from the fire; T t The target temperature specified for PID control is taken as the initial ambient temperature of the tunnel.

[0026] Optionally, the mechanical smoke exhaust volume of the mechanical smoke exhaust linkage control system is α times the air curtain air supply volume of the air curtain air supply system, and α is 3-4.

[0027] Optionally, the method further comprises the steps of:

[0028] S4, inputting the real-time smoke concentration field, real-time temperature field, real-time fire source situation, real-time air supply speed and real-time exhaust speed at the current moment as input parameters into the pre-trained neural network model to obtain the initial predicted smoke concentration field of the tunnel at the current moment;

[0029] S5. When the initial predicted smoke concentration field X is input into the Kalman filter model, the predicted smoke concentration field of the tunnel at the current moment is dynamically corrected in the real-time prediction process to obtain the final predicted smoke concentration field;

[0030] The dynamic correction formula of the Kalman filter model for the initial predicted smoke concentration field X is as follows:

[0031]

[0032] in, represents the posterior state estimate at time k, that is, the final predicted smoke concentration field at time k; represents the prior state estimate at time k, A is the unit matrix, represents the posterior state estimate at time k-1; K k is the Kalman gain, represents the prior estimation error covariance at time k, H is the unit matrix, H T is the transposed matrix of the identity matrix H, and R is the pre-known observation noise covariance; represents the a posteriori estimation error covariance at time k-1, and Q represents the previously known process noise covariance;

[0033] S6. Obtaining a control effect of the PID linkage control unit according to the predicted smoke concentration field, and adjusting the supply air speed and the corresponding exhaust air speed output by the PID linkage control unit according to the control effect, and then performing linkage control.

[0034] Among them, the technical effect corresponding to the linkage method of air curtain and smoke exhaust in tunnel fire under PID control provided by the second aspect refers to the relevant description of the linkage system of air curtain and smoke exhaust in tunnel fire under PID control provided by the first aspect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention in which a linkage system of air curtain and smoke exhaust in a tunnel fire under PID control is applied to a tunnel;

[0036] Figure 2 It is a three-dimensional simulation schematic diagram of the linkage structure of air curtain and smoke exhaust in a tunnel fire under PID control according to an embodiment of the present invention applied to a tunnel;

[0037] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of simulation of the top surface of a tunnel in which the linkage structure of the air curtain and smoke exhaust in a tunnel fire under PID control is applied in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 4 This is a control principle diagram of a PID linkage control unit involved in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 5 is a mass flow diagram of air supply and smoke exhaust with different proportional coefficients α under different fire source powers involved in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 6 is the temperature distribution in the stable stage in the tunnel when α is 3 according to the embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 7 is the velocity distribution in the stable stage in the tunnel when α is 3 according to the embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 8 is a temperature-time variation diagram of the detection area under different fire source powers when α is 3 according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Fig. 9 The figure is a flow chart of a method for linking air curtain and smoke exhaust in a tunnel fire under PID control according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] Description of reference numerals:

[0045] 1. Air outlet; 2. Smoke exhaust outlet; 3. Detection area;

[0046] 100. Tunnel;

[0047] 200. Fire source. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] In order to better understand the above technical solution, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to enable a clearer and more thorough understanding of the present invention and to fully convey the scope of the present invention to those skilled in the art.

[0049] Embodiment 1

[0050] This embodiment is applicable to application scenarios where preventive measures are required for tunnel fires. Existing tunnel fire prevention solutions have problems such as low smoke exhaust efficiency and high tunnel temperature. This embodiment effectively controls the ambient temperature and smoke concentration through the linkage control of the air curtain air supply system and the mechanical smoke exhaust linkage control system, which can ensure the safety of personnel and facilitate emergency evacuation of personnel. See the following description for details.

[0051] Please refer to Figure 1The linkage system of air curtain and smoke exhaust in tunnel fire under PID control includes an air curtain air supply system, a mechanical smoke exhaust system, a detection device and a PID linkage control unit. The PID linkage control unit is electrically connected to the air curtain air supply system, the mechanical smoke exhaust linkage control system and the detection device respectively. Therefore, the PID linkage control unit simultaneously controls the air supply speed of the air curtain air supply system and the exhaust speed of the mechanical smoke exhaust linkage control system according to the detection signal of the space temperature detection equipment.

[0052] The air curtain air supply system and the mechanical smoke exhaust system are both arranged at intervals at the top of the tunnel 100 along the length direction of the tunnel 100, the mechanical smoke exhaust system is distributed on both sides of the air curtain air supply system, and the detection device includes a space temperature detection device, which is arranged on both sides of the air curtain air supply system. In this way, the location of the fire source 200 can be determined according to the real-time detection temperature detected by the space temperature detection device, and the corresponding air curtain air supply system and mechanical smoke exhaust linkage control system can be turned on to control the smoke and temperature.

[0053] Specifically, the air curtain air supply system includes an air outlet 1, a guide assembly, an airflow chamber and an air supply fan. The air outlet 1 is arranged horizontally along the width direction of the tunnel 100, the guide assembly is arranged on the air outlet 1, the airflow chamber is arranged on the side of the air outlet 1 away from the tunnel 100, and the air supply fan is connected to the airflow chamber. The air supply fan is electrically connected to the PID linkage control unit. In this embodiment, the air outlet 1 is a long strip, the length of which is equal to the width of the tunnel 100, and the width is 0.5m.

[0054] The guide assembly includes an adjustment mechanism and a guide blade group. The adjustment mechanism is connected to the guide blade group. The adjustment mechanism drives the guide blade group to move left and right to a preset angle. In this embodiment, the preset angle is the angle between the guide blade group and the vertical downward direction, specifically 30°, that is, the jet angle on the air outlet 1 is 30° to the left or 30° to the right. At the same time, the guide blade groups on the two adjacent air curtain air supply systems have opposite angles when working, so that an air curtain is formed at the left and right positions between the two adjacent air curtain air supply systems, which has a blocking effect on the smoke between the two adjacent air curtain air supply systems, reduces the risk of smoke spreading to both sides, and achieves a smoke blocking effect.

[0055] In other equivalent embodiments, the angle ranges from 25 to 35 degrees, which can ensure the smoke exhaust efficiency and prevent the smoke from escaping the air curtain.

[0056] Specifically, the mechanical smoke exhaust system includes a smoke exhaust port 2, a smoke exhaust pipe and a smoke exhaust fan. The smoke exhaust fan is connected to the smoke exhaust port 2 through the smoke exhaust pipe. The mechanical smoke exhaust system achieves the effect of exhausting the smoke blocked by the air curtain out of the tunnel 100. In this embodiment, the smoke exhaust port 2 is square and has an area of ​​8m 2 and 16m2 In other embodiments, the shape of the tunnel 100 may be rectangular, circular, etc., and the area may be selected according to the specific conditions of the tunnel 100.

[0057] Specifically, the detection device also includes wind speed detection equipment, temperature sensors and gas sensors. The wind speed detection equipment is set at a position corresponding to the mechanical smoke exhaust system and the air curtain air supply system, wherein the corresponding positions are air outlet 1 and smoke exhaust port 2, which are used to determine the difference between the actual wind speed and the set wind speed, thereby determining whether the PID control is effective. The temperature sensor and the gas sensor are arranged at intervals at the top of the tunnel 100 along the length direction of the tunnel 100. The temperature sensor is a thermocouple, and the gas sensor is mainly a carbon monoxide measurement point. The two are used to detect the temperature and CO concentration of the tunnel 100, and play a role in safety detection. As for the wind speed detection equipment of the air outlet 1 and the smoke exhaust port 2, as well as the previous space temperature detection equipment, existing mature technologies can be used.

[0058] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 , the mechanical smoke exhaust system is distributed at X meters on both sides of the air curtain air supply system, the two air curtain air supply systems are 4X meters apart, and the space temperature detection equipment is set within X meters on both sides of the air curtain air supply system to detect the average temperature of the space from the location of the air curtain air supply system to the location X on the side away from the fire source 200. In this embodiment, the mechanical smoke exhaust system is distributed at 20 meters on both sides of the air curtain air supply system, and the two air curtain air supply systems are 80 meters apart. The space temperature detection equipment is set within 20 meters on both sides of the air curtain air supply system to detect the average temperature of the space from the location of the air curtain air supply system to the location 20 meters away from the fire source 200. At the same time, the above-mentioned temperature sensor and gas sensor are Figure 3 Corresponding to the solid dots in the figure, the longitudinal arrangement distance between the temperature sensor and the gas sensor is 0.5 m in this embodiment.

[0059] It should be noted that Figure 3 This is only for illustration purposes, and is mainly used to illustrate the relative positional relationship of the various components. The size of the air outlet 1, the size of the smoke outlet 2, and the size and shape of the temperature sensor and the gas sensor, as well as the longitudinal arrangement spacing between the two are not necessarily the same. Figure 3 The above text description shall prevail.

[0060] Embodiment 2

[0061] Please refer to Fig. 9 The present invention provides a method for linking an air curtain and smoke exhaust in a tunnel fire based on PID control, using the linkage system of an air curtain and smoke exhaust in a tunnel fire based on PID control of the first embodiment, comprising the following steps:

[0062] S1. When a fire occurs in the tunnel 100, the real-time temperature rise value is detected by the space temperature detection equipment, and the real-time temperature rise value is fed back to the PID linkage control unit to open the air curtain air supply system on both sides of the fire source 200, thereby forming a full-section separation air curtain on the left and right sides of the fire source 200.

[0063] Here, assuming that the initial ambient temperature of the tunnel 100 in this embodiment is 20°C, the real-time temperature rise value is a value exceeding 20°C. For example, if the real-time detection temperature of the detection area 3 is 25°C, the real-time temperature rise value is 5°C.

[0064] S2. The PID linkage control unit simultaneously turns on the mechanical smoke exhaust system to discharge the smoke from the fire out of the tunnel 100, thereby reducing the smoke content in the tunnel 100.

[0065] S3, the PID linkage control unit performs linkage control on the air supply speed of the air curtain air supply system and the exhaust speed of the mechanical smoke exhaust linkage control system according to the real-time temperature rise value.

[0066] Reference Figure 4 It can be seen that the control formula of the PID linkage control unit is:

[0067]

[0068] e(t)=T d (t)-T t

[0069] Where v(t) is the air supply speed of the air curtain air supply system; u(t) is the output of the PID controller; K p is the proportional controller coefficient; K i is the integral controller coefficient; K d is the derivative controller coefficient; e(t) is the difference between the detected value and the target value, that is, the real-time temperature rise value, T d (t) is the real-time detection temperature of the space temperature detection device in detection area 3, where detection area 3 is the space on one side of the air curtain air supply system away from the fire; T t The target temperature specified for the PID control is the initial ambient temperature of the tunnel 100 .

[0070] In this embodiment, the mechanical smoke exhaust volume of the mechanical smoke exhaust linkage control system is α times the air curtain air supply volume of the air curtain air supply system, so that the smoke control effect reaches the best state, thereby achieving the effect that the wind speed of the smoke exhaust port 2 on the left and right sides of the fire source 200 changes in linkage with the change of the wind speed of the air curtain outlet 1. It should be noted that the outlet 1 and the smoke exhaust port 2 are provided with wind speed detection equipment, and the corresponding air curtain air supply volume and mechanical smoke exhaust volume can be obtained according to the detected air flow speed and the corresponding air flow area.

[0071] Therefore, the present invention performs scenario simulation based on the linkage system and method of air curtain and smoke exhaust in tunnel fire under PID control in embodiments 1 and 2, wherein the power range of the fire source 200 is 5-20MW.

[0072] Reference Figure 5 It can be seen that the trends of mechanical smoke exhaust volume and air curtain air supply volume with different proportional coefficients α for different fire sources 200 power tend to be consistent. Figure 5 The results show that the proportional coefficient α is more appropriate between 3 and 4.

[0073] In this embodiment, the proportional coefficient α is set to 3 to simulate the temperature and wind speed, and the corresponding Figure 6 and Figure 7 .

[0074] in, Figure 6 Due to the limitation of black and white images, the effect is not good. It should be noted that Figure 6 Temperature is displayed in blue, green, yellow and red colors from left to right. The temperature diagram of the tunnel 100 is divided into six areas from left to right according to different grayscales, namely, the dark blue area of ​​20℃, the green area of ​​22℃, the red area of ​​25℃, the green area of ​​22℃, the blue area of ​​20.5℃ and the dark blue area of ​​20℃. Figure 6 It is shown in FIG. 1 that, through the linkage control of the present invention, the temperature outside the air curtain control area drops to the ambient temperature of 20° C. during the stable stage.

[0075] same, Figure 7 Velocity refers to speed, which is displayed in blue, green, yellow and red colors from left to right. The temperature diagram of Tunnel 100 is divided into the leftmost area, the middle left area, the entire right area and the upper middle area of ​​the entire right area, which are respectively the dark blue area of ​​2m / s, the blue-green intersection area of ​​3-10m / s, the dark blue area of ​​2m / s and the green area of ​​6-9m / s. At this time, the smoke exhaust wind speed is reduced to below 10m / s, which meets the smoke exhaust design specifications of Tunnel 100.

[0076] Therefore, refer to Figure 8 It can be seen that although the power of different fire sources is 200 Figure 8 The temperature curves in the diagram are confusing and difficult to distinguish, but Figure 8 It is mainly used to show the time for the temperature to stably drop to the initial temperature. No matter which temperature curve is used, it drops to the ambient temperature in about 100 seconds. Therefore, it can be concluded that the present invention can reduce the outer area of ​​the air curtain to the ambient temperature in about 100 seconds. The control time is less than the safe time for personnel to escape, which is conducive to emergency evacuation of personnel.

[0077] Among them, in this embodiment, considering that PID control may be difficult to quickly respond to changes in fire smoke emissions, resulting in hysteresis and overshoot in the control process, this embodiment also includes the steps of:

[0078] S4. The real-time smoke concentration field, real-time temperature field, real-time fire source situation, real-time supply air speed and real-time exhaust air speed at the current moment are input as input parameters into the pre-trained neural network model to obtain the initial predicted smoke concentration field of the tunnel at the current moment.

[0079] Among them, the neural network model can be a convolutional neural network (CNN) or a long short-term memory network (LSTM). The data for training the neural network model can be constructed and generated by the fire dynamics software FDS. The real-time smoke concentration field, real-time temperature field, real-time fire source situation, real-time supply air speed and real-time exhaust air speed can be collected according to the linkage system provided in Example 1, and input into the pre-trained neural network model to obtain the initial predicted smoke concentration field of the tunnel at the current moment.

[0080] S5. When the initial predicted smoke concentration field X is input into the Kalman filter model, the predicted smoke concentration field of the tunnel at the current moment is dynamically corrected in the real-time prediction process to obtain the final predicted smoke concentration field;

[0081] Among them, the dynamic correction formula of the Kalman filter model for the initial predicted smoke concentration field X is as follows:

[0082]

[0083]

[0084] in, represents the posterior state estimate at time k, that is, the final predicted smoke concentration field at time k; represents the prior state estimate at time k, A is the unit matrix, represents the posterior state estimate at time k-1; K k is the Kalman gain, represents the prior estimation error covariance at time k, H is the unit matrix, H T is the transposed matrix of the identity matrix H, and R is the pre-known observation noise covariance; represents the a posteriori estimation error covariance at time k-1, and Q represents the pre-known process noise covariance.

[0085] Among them, Kalman filtering is a recursive algorithm that uses the system's state transfer equation and observation data to update the state estimate, thereby obtaining the corrected final predicted smoke concentration field.

[0086] S6. Obtain the control effect of the PID linkage control unit according to the predicted smoke concentration field, and adjust the supply air speed and the corresponding exhaust air speed output by the PID linkage control unit according to the control effect, and then perform linkage control.

[0087] Among them, when it is predicted that the smoke concentration will rise sharply, the output of PID control can be increased in advance to speed up the response speed of the ventilation system; when it is predicted that the smoke concentration will tend to stabilize, the output of PID control can be appropriately reduced to avoid overshoot, thereby avoiding the lag and overshoot of PID control to a certain extent and improving the accuracy and reliability of tunnel fire smoke emission control.

[0088] In summary, this embodiment can effectively control the ambient temperature and smoke concentration, can ensure the safety of personnel and facilitate emergency evacuation of personnel.

[0089] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0090] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0091] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, when a first feature is “on” or “below” a second feature, it may be that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, when a first feature is “above”, “above” or “above” a second feature, it may be that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or it may simply mean that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. When a first feature is “below”, “below” or “below” a second feature, it may be that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or it may simply mean that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0092] In the description of this specification, the description of the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "embodiment", "example", "specific example" or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, unless they are contradictory.

[0093] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention. A person skilled in the art may alter, modify, replace and modify the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The linkage system of air curtain and smoke exhaust in tunnel fire based on PID control is characterized by: It includes an air curtain air supply system, a mechanical smoke exhaust system, a detection device and a PID linkage control unit, wherein the PID linkage control unit is electrically connected to the air curtain air supply system, the mechanical smoke exhaust linkage control system and the detection device respectively; The air curtain air supply system and the mechanical smoke exhaust system are both arranged at intervals at the top of the tunnel along the length direction of the tunnel, the mechanical smoke exhaust system is distributed on both sides of the air curtain air supply system, and the detection device includes a space temperature detection device, which is arranged on both sides of the air curtain air supply system; The PID linkage control unit simultaneously controls the air supply speed of the air curtain air supply system and the exhaust speed of the mechanical smoke exhaust linkage control system according to the detection signal of the space temperature detection device.

2. The linkage system of air curtain and smoke exhaust in tunnel fire based on PID control according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The air curtain air supply system comprises an air outlet, a flow guide assembly, an air flow chamber and an air supply fan, wherein the air outlet is arranged transversely along the width direction of the tunnel, the flow guide assembly is arranged on the air outlet, the air flow chamber is arranged on a side of the air outlet away from the tunnel, and the air supply fan is connected to the air flow chamber; The air supply fan is electrically connected to the PID linkage control unit.

3. The linkage system of air curtain and smoke exhaust in tunnel fire based on PID control according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The guide assembly includes an adjustment mechanism and a guide blade group. The adjustment mechanism is connected to the guide blade group. The adjustment mechanism drives the guide blade group to move left and right to a preset angle. The guide blade groups on two adjacent air curtain air supply systems have opposite angles when working.

4. The linkage system of air curtain and smoke exhaust in tunnel fire based on PID control according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The preset angle is the angle between the guide blade group and the vertical downward direction, and its range is 25 to 35 degrees.

5. The linkage system of air curtain and smoke exhaust in tunnel fire based on PID control according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The mechanical smoke exhaust system comprises a smoke exhaust port, a smoke exhaust pipe and a smoke exhaust fan, and the smoke exhaust fan is connected to the smoke exhaust port through the smoke exhaust pipe.

6. The linkage system of air curtain and smoke exhaust in tunnel fire based on PID control according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The mechanical smoke exhaust system is distributed at X meters on both sides of the air curtain air supply system, and the two air curtain air supply systems are 4X meters apart. The space temperature detection equipment is arranged within X meters on both sides of the air curtain air supply system, and is used to detect the average space temperature from the location of the air curtain air supply system to the side X away from the fire source, where X is 15-25.

7. The linkage system of air curtain and smoke exhaust in tunnel fire based on PID control according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The detection device also includes a wind speed detection device, a temperature sensor and a gas sensor. The wind speed detection device is arranged at a position corresponding to the mechanical smoke exhaust system and the air curtain air supply system. The temperature sensor and the gas sensor are arranged at intervals at the top of the tunnel along the length direction of the tunnel.

8. A method for linking air curtain and smoke exhaust in a tunnel fire under PID control, using a linkage system for air curtain and smoke exhaust in a tunnel fire under PID control as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. When a fire occurs in the tunnel, the real-time temperature rise value is detected by the space temperature detection device, and the real-time temperature rise value is fed back to the PID linkage control unit to open the air curtain air supply system on both sides of the fire source, thereby forming a full-section separation air curtain on the left and right sides of the fire source; S2, PID linkage control unit synchronously turns on the mechanical smoke exhaust system to discharge the smoke from the fire out of the tunnel, so that the smoke content in the tunnel decreases; S3, the PID linkage control unit performs linkage control on the air supply speed of the air curtain air supply system and the exhaust speed of the mechanical smoke exhaust linkage control system according to the real-time temperature rise value, wherein the control formula of the PID linkage control unit is: e(t)=T d (t)-T t Wherein, v(t) is the air supply speed of the air curtain air supply system; u(t) is the output of the PID controller; K p is the proportional controller coefficient; K i is the integral controller coefficient; K d is the derivative controller coefficient; e(t) is the difference between the detected value and the target value, that is, the real-time temperature rise value, T d (t) is the real-time detected temperature of the detection area of ​​the space temperature detection device, and the detection area is the space on one side of the air curtain air supply system away from the fire; T t The target temperature specified for PID control is taken as the initial ambient temperature of the tunnel.

9. The linkage method of air curtain and smoke exhaust in tunnel fire based on PID control according to claim 8 is characterized in that: The mechanical smoke exhaust volume of the mechanical smoke exhaust linkage control system is α times the air curtain air supply volume of the air curtain air supply system, and α is 3-4.

10. The linkage method of air curtain and smoke exhaust in tunnel fire based on PID control according to claim 9 is characterized in that: Also includes the steps: S4, inputting the real-time smoke concentration field, real-time temperature field, real-time fire source situation, real-time air supply speed and real-time exhaust speed at the current moment as input parameters into the pre-trained neural network model to obtain the initial predicted smoke concentration field of the tunnel at the current moment; S5. When the initial predicted smoke concentration field X is input into the Kalman filter model, the predicted smoke concentration field of the tunnel at the current moment is dynamically corrected in the real-time prediction process to obtain the final predicted smoke concentration field; The dynamic correction formula of the Kalman filter model for the initial predicted smoke concentration field X is as follows: in, represents the posterior state estimate at time k, that is, the final predicted smoke concentration field at time k; represents the prior state estimate at time k, A is the unit matrix, represents the posterior state estimate at time k-1; K k is the Kalman gain, represents the prior estimation error covariance at time k, H is the unit matrix, H T is the transposed matrix of the identity matrix H, and R is the pre-known observation noise covariance; represents the a posteriori estimation error covariance at time k-1, and Q represents the previously known process noise covariance; S6. Obtaining a control effect of the PID linkage control unit according to the predicted smoke concentration field, and adjusting the supply air speed and the corresponding exhaust air speed output by the PID linkage control unit according to the control effect, and then performing linkage control.

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